2017

WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of
Try Yourself Questions

Mechanical Engineering
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
 1 Heat Engine, Heat Pump, Refrigerator
and Reversed Carnot Cycle

T1 : Solution

(COP)RE = (COP)HP 1 = 4 1 = 3

Required cooling effect

(COP)RE =
Power input
Required cooling effect = 3 3 = 9 kW
= 9 60 kJ/min
= 540 kJ/min

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 2 Vapour Compression
Refrigeration System

T1 : Solution

T 2 P

3 2
3

1
4
4 1
s h

From table
h1 = 183.2 kJ/kg
h2 = 222.6 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 84.9 [3 to 4 is an Isenthelpic process]

1.5
Vs = m3
1000
N = 1600 m3

80
vol. = 80% = = 0.8
100

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4 Mechanical Engineering Refrigeration and Air-conditioning

& 1
mV
vol. =
N
Vs
60

80 m& 0.0767
=
100 1.5 1600

1000 60

80 1.5 1600 1
m& = 100 1000 60 0.0767 = 0.4172 kg/s

R.E. = m& [h1 h2 ]

= 0.4172 [222.6 183.2] = 16.437 = 16.44 kW

T2 : Solution
T 2
h4 = h3 = 134 kJ/kg
2
h1 = 244 kJ/kg
h2 = 285 kJ/kg 3 1.6 MPa

h2 h1
h2 = h1 +
comp. 240 kPa
4 1
285 244
= 244 + = 292.2 kJ/kg
0.85
QR = (h2 h3) = 292.2 134 s
= 158.2 kJ/kg
Winput = h2 h1 = 292.2 244
= 48.2 kJ/kg

QR 158.2
COP = = = 3.2821
Winput 48.2

T3 : Solution T

x1hfg1 3 2
s1 = sf1 +
T1
x1 1297.68
= 0.5443 +
263 4 1
= 0.5443 + 4.934x1
x2hfg 2
s 2 = sf2 + s
T2

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 Workbook 5

0.95 1145.8
= 1.2037 +
303
= 4.796
0.5443 + 4.934 x1= 4.796
x1 = 0.86
h 1 = hf + x1hfg
1 1
= 135.37 + 0.86 1297.68
= 1251.4 kJ/kg
h2 = hf + x2hf g
2 2
= 323.08 + 0.95 1145.8
= 1411.6 kJ/kg
We know that theoretical C.O.P.
h1 hf3 1251.4 323.08
= = = 5.8
h2 h1 1411.6 1251.4

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 3 Vapour Absorption
Refrigeration System

T1 : Solution

TG T0 TR
COP =
TG T 0 TR

TR = Evapourator Temperature
TG = Generator Temperature
T0 = Ambient Temperature (condenser temperature)

360 310 260

COP =
360 310 260
= 0.72

TG 310 250
0.72 =
TG 310 250

TG = 374.9 K

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 4 Refrigerants

T1 : Solution

R-502 is an azeotrope. A azeotrope a mixture of two or more refrigerants in which the liquid and vapour
have same composetion at equilibrium. Azeotropes behaves like pure component refrigerants because
there is no change in boiling temperature or shift in composition during phase change, equipment
operation or leakage.

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 5 Refrigeration Equipment
and Gas Refrigeration

T1 : Solution

TH = 40C

Initial COP
40 + 273
=
40 ( 40)
230
= = 2.9125
80

TL = 40C

Final COP = 3.5

Let the change in higher temperature and lower change be T .
New higher temperature = Th T
New lower temperature = TL + T,
TL + T
[COP]final =
(TH T ) (TL + T )
233 + T
3.5 =
(40 T ) ( 40 + T )

233 + T
3.5 =
80 2T
280 7T = 233 + T
280 233 = 7T + T

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 Workbook 9

47
T = = 5.875C
8
Hence new higher temperature = 40 5.875 = 34.125C
= 307.125 K
New lower temperature = 40 + 5.875
= 34.125C
= 238.875C
(TL )NEW
Checking New COP =
(TH )NEW (TL )NEW
238.875
= = 3.5
307.125 238.875

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 6 Air-conditioning

T1 : Solution

Patm = 1 bar = 100 kPa

DBT = 30C
= 70% = 0.7
Pvs = 4.25 kPa
Specific humidity, = ?
Pv
= PV
s

Pv
0.07 =
4.25
Pv = 2.975 kPa
Specific humidity,
Pv 2.975
= 0.622 = 0.622
P Pv 100 2.975
kg water vapour
= 00.0191
kg dry air
T2 : Solution

Wet bulb depression at the inlet = (t db t wb )inlet = (38 18)inlet = 20C

Wet bulb depression at the outlet = (24 18) = 6C ( twb inlet = twb exit)
20 6
Percentage change = = 70%
20

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 Workbook 11

T3 : Solution
Inlet bulb depression at inlet
= DBT1 WBT1
Range = Tw 1 Tw 2
Approach = Tw 2 WBT1
Sum of range and approach = Tw 1 Tw 2 + Tw 2 WBT1
It is said wet bulb depression at inlet is equal to seem of approach and range
DBT1 WBT1 = Tw 1 Tw 2 + Tw 2 WBT1
DBT1 = Tw 1
DBT1 Tw 1 = 0

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