Arxaia Ellinika PDF

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Ma61]'ux 150v
nE~t MovoOEia'tuerov 'Avnl..tl'tVE(oV

(B' EVO't'l'J~)
""0 e;etJT:e'iV aovvarov, roiho em:lv 0 (}eO~"
ZHNIJN ('EMa, K. 'haALa, E' at. xX)
" ... 8EOV eIVaL ~wov &:Suva'tOv, AOYL%OV, 'tEAELOV ..

ElvaL 6E 'tov IlEV 6'l'JIlLO'UQYOV OAWV."
01 ETIJIKOI
" ...'tov %OO'IlOV 'tQLXW~ eIVaL Myo'UO'L, au'tov 'tE 'tOV SEOV %aL 'tOV
E% Tfi~ cmuO''l'J~ OUO'La~ L6LOltOLOV, o~ 6" (i<llSaQ'to~ EO''tL %aL &:YEVV'l'J-
'to~, 6'l'JIlLO'UQYO~ rov 'tfj~ 6La%oO'Il~O'EW~.. &:vaALO'%WV EL~ Ea'U'tov 't"v
altaO'av oUO'Lav %aL ltUALV E~ au 'toil yEVVWV ... 'tov 6" %OO'IlOV
OL%ELO'SaL %a't<l voilv %aL ltQovOLav, EL~ altav au'toil IlEQO~ 6L~%OV
'tO~ 'toil voil, %as' altEQ EqJ' f)IlWV 'tfj~ 'lj)'\)xfj~ ... %aL Eva eIVaL 'tov
%OO'lloV, %aL 'toil'tOV ltEltEQaO'IlEvov, O'xfjlla ExoV'ta O'qJaLQOEL6E~... "
(l:ovwa~, Afjfl,fl,a ",,6afl,o~").
OMHPOE (E 445) (IIQooEvXctaL (, va'Uayo~ 'Ob'UOOEV~):

"KAilSL, ava~, O'tL~ EO'O'L' ltOAVAALO''tOV be if L%UVW".
159
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EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EAAHNIKH! rAO!!H!
APXIAOXOI (IIugo 80 at.)

""'g au, IIa'teQ au, aou ,rev oUQavou xQa'to~, aU b' EQi en'
av8Q<1m;oov (,Qd~ AeooQYa. xal. 8e,.uma, aol. bE 8'Y1QLOOV, u~Q~ 'te xal.
bLX'YI flEAeL." (Moan. 87)
TEPHANAPOI (70 ai.. Aeaf3o)

n '" (ALa) n:aV'toov aQxav, n:aV'toov ayiJ'toQa." (Moan. 1)
AIIXYAOI (525-456 nX)

"ZdJ~ ea'tl.v at8~Q, Zev~ bE yfj, Zev~ b' oUQav6~, Zev~ 'to.
n:aV'ta... " (Moan. 588)
"Z
eu~, , " " ( =Z
' "omL~ n:OL-emLV... ' "On:OLO~ XaL'"
e'U~, '" ...)
av eLVaL
(AI'AMEMNQN, crt. 160)
"0 au~, omL~ (, au~, ou ya.Q o1ba, n:A~V A6ycp xAVoov."

(EvglJt. MEAavimtT) M. 484)
"omL~ n:o'tE e1 au. n (TgroU<')EC;- 883)
HAATUN (427-347)
"Tov ,rev o-ov IIoL'YI't~v xal. IIa'tEQa n:aV'to~ elJQeLV 'te EQYOV...
e~ n:aV'ta~ aMva'tov MyeLV" . (nflaLO~ 28 C)
HINAAPOI (8ijf3m518 ~ 522 nX -... )

"TL 8e6~; O,'tL 'to n:dv... "
KAEAN@HI (f.tae1ft~ Z~vrovo 40 ai.. nX)

"OME 'tL YLyve'taL en:l. X80VL, aou bLXa".
160
MA9HMA 150v
Eu fJ' e:rd~aLve a:tQam1'ou,

1l0UVOV &' eaoQa xoallOLo 1''U3to)'t~V aeuva1'ov.
IIaAaLo~ fJe A.6yo~ 3teQL 1'ov1'o'U <paeLVeL.
Et~ Eal'" alho1'eA~~, au'tOu fJE U3tO 3tuV't'a 1'eAeL1'aL,
ev fJ' au1'oi~ au1'o~ 3teQLvf.aae1'aL
oME 1'L~ au1'ov etaoQua 'ljJ'UXWV SVT]1'WV,
vlP fJ' etaoQu1'aL.
Au1'o~ fJ' e; ayaSwv, SVT]'tOi~ xaxov
oux em1'EAAeL avSQd)3tOL~.
APIETOTEAHE (384-322 3t.x.)
" ... oux Ea1'LV (lAAO IlEyeSo~, fJLO: 1'0 1'0: 1'Qf.a 3tuV't'a eIVaL xaL 1'0
TQL~ 3tuV't'U. KaSu3teQ YO:Q <paaL xaL 01, II'USayoQeLoL, 1'0 3tUV xaL 1'0:
3tClv1'a 'tOi~ 1'QLaLv roQLa1'aL. "I
(lIeeL Oueavou)
""Hv xaL eO'TLV 0 'tOMe 'tOU 3taV't'o~ fJT]IlLO'UQYO~ 0 Seo~... 0 Seo~

boxei 1'WV ahf.oov 3tUO'LV elvaL xaL aQX~ ... "
(MeTa. Ta. UOLXa.)
"~allev fJE 1'OV 8eov elvaL twov aOOLOV, (lQLO'TOV, roa1'e too~ xaL
atwv O"lJvex~~ U3tuQxeL 1'lP SelP ... "
*
" ...1'0 Seiov ... 1'oaou1'ov xaL 1'OLOU1'OV ea1'L roO'S' alla 3tUV't'a
OQUV xaL 3tuV't'a axoveLV xaL 3taV't'axou 3taQeLVaL. "
(3evO(prov, ~La.AOYO~ ~roxea.TOU~ xaL '1\eLO"toMU,LOu)
"8eov fJ' eIVaL tlPov aSuva't'ov, AOYLXOV, 1'EAeLOV ~ VOEQOV Ev

eufJaLllovf.<;;t, xaxou 3taV't'o~ ave3tf.fJex'tOv, 3tQOVOT]1'LXOV xoallO'U 1'e
1. "...ltUVTCllV aexeL TWV UgL81lwV ~ TQL<l~, ro~ ugXTJ T'U'YXuvouoa 'twv ltegt TWV
ltUVTroV." (I. AuM~, 44 FlO}
"..ltiiv.. TgL<lllLXQV ocpeLAeL eLvm". ('Eg!l8ta~ e~ lIM'trovo~ amgov, 248.44, F)
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A<] ,1Q 1O'Dro o~).. A~rI 'DJV 513ri'9Allq 5~1 ~1DX 1D13~'9riOAoDOO1' 51D
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31 5Q;>A1ox ACO.1A~lt 'DO~1'Dlt 03lt0<J} 1'DX ACO,,{<] AQ;>1 A<?)..Oct01r1l1,Q A~rI
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QtOV xQapoiiv 1) 'tQup.l..tovo Taii'ta lm; 0;' "fum; EmI.V, d) xaU
Ttpoxl.t;; 11
(Aomuavoil, Zeu~ Tgay<pM~, 41, 42)
'E:rdOlj~, EV ALyU:Jt'tq>: "XQLO:JtQOOOO:Jtov !lEv 'tov ALa, x'Uvo:JtQo-

OOJ:Jtov bE 'tov ~EA'tLO'tOV "EQ!lfjv xal. 'tov ITuva OAOV 'tQO:Yov".
(A01J%LaVoil, IIegi 81JOLffiv 14. 4)
-AESIAorION *
!lo:xaQ, OA~LO~, E;,baL!lOOv,1 dJ't'UX~~, Eij!lOLQO~,
EijXAljQO~, oA~LObaL!lOOV, 'tQLOOA~LO~.
(,Et1JILOAOYL%U, EVVOLOAOYL%Ct)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' XALOL~ - oUQavLXOAljx'ta

(ltaguyg.79)
2. EUX'tLXT] 'tOU ).:vw.
EUX'tLXT] 'tou eipl...
3. ITEQI. EUX'tLXfj~ yEvLXro~.
-EYNTAKTIKON
1. baLILovE~: OL 8EOt b(l'llILovE~ OvtE~, o'lov EILltELQOL. WH o'n mlvta !LEQL~OUULV,

a.lto'tou Maaa8m. (II).,arwv, KPATYAOI)
...'to bmILovLov ILE'ta!;u EO'tL 8eou 'tE "at 8V1]'tOu. (II).,arwv IYMIIOIION 23)
163
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EMHNIKH ArOrH MAE>HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
EPrAEIAI ~nOYAAl:fgN
Movo8i0''tuud av'ttJ.... 1j1t~ xaL aq>of]tO'p.10L

'trov 'Af]Xairov EJ.J.... vrov
ri/~ X(]va. IIlscivla -Kovioa
1.0PtPlKA
IIEQLA:rpt'tLxov QVOfla 3tOA.AOOV 3tOLl]'tLXOOV EQYWV, qJEQOflEVWV
xa'tu 't~V 'i\Qxmo'tl]'ta U3tO 'to QVOfla 'toiJ 'OQqJEW~. ~'UAAO~ UflVWV
d~ 6LaqJoQO'U~ 8EOU~ xaL 6'UVUflEL~ 'tfj~ qJUOEW~ xa8w~ xaL 'tfj~
~8LXfj~ 'tU~EW~. 'OQqJLxaL E3tLYQaqJaL ooo~oV'tm xaL E3tL XQ'UOOOV
EAaOflU'tWV 'tfj~ N. 'l'taALa~, aAAU xaL 'tfj~ X'UQLW~ 'EAAU6o~ (EV
<l>EQaL~ EV'tO~ 'tUqJO'U).
2. fJAAHI
EI~ EX 'tWV 7 oOqJwv 'tfj~ 'i\QxaLa~ 'EAM6o~. 'EYEwr18l] 'to 643
3t.X. xaL a3tE8aVE 'to 548. Ka't~YE'to EX Aafl3tQoiJ YEVO'U~ 'tfj~
,
MLA~'to'U. '0 t6LO~ Exa'Uxu'tO 6LU 't~v 'EAAl]VLX~V 'to'U xa'taYw~v.
'HOXOA~8l] flE 'to Efl3toQLOV xaL ha~L6E'UoEV d~ AtY'U3t'tov.
8EwQEL'tm 0 L6Q'U't~~ 'tfj~ 8EWQl]'tLXfj~ nWflE'tQLa~.
~oo~oV'tm aQxE'tu a3toqJ8EYfla'ta 'toiJ 8aAoiJ, E3tL M 'toiJ 'tuqJo'U
a1J'toiJ EV MLA~'tq> EXaQuX8l] E3tLYQaflfla oi'i 0 3tQoo'tO~ O'tLXO~ EXEL
OU'tW~: 11TH oUyov rooe ai/IW' ro
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3. HAPMENIAHI
'Ex 'tOOV 'EAEa'tWV qJLAoooqJwv, aXfluoa~ 3tEQL 'to 500 3tX., 6w-
'tQL'ljJEV EV 'i\8~vm~ 3tEQL 'to 455, 03to'U o'UvavE<J'tQuqJl] aiJ'tov 6 'to'tE
VEaQoo'ta'to~ ~wxQU'tl]~. Mova6Lxov EQYOV 'to'U avaqJEQE'tm 'to
"IIEQL <l>UOEW~", Ev'IWVLxTI 6LaMx'tq>, 03tEQ xaL w~ 3tOLl]'tLXOV 6l]flL-
OUQYl]fla E3ttlVO'UV OL aQxaLOL TExvoxQhm. Tou'tO'U 6LEOOO8l]oav
oALya a3tOO3tUOfla'ta.
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X 1t 9'\7S 9 1 SPS0101D1t'XtI, 'X 1t OLS 91 1AQ?dlo"{o)l A~ US~M3A.tI,
S\!."{oXO S\!.'Xl1D3"{tI, S\!.1 S41ct0Q1 (} 'Sodlo09,,{1dl AU"{"{tI,.
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S~OTISDg 91t'9 0113'{3131t'9 (l.01Q-D D)"{D'XODQ1Q H. 'AD)30m1tL 30ct0Q2
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3S"{\!.1031t A11t91D'X 'A(I))11tM1V AQ?1 S130q.>M S~1 S13 US~ctTI~ ct01t2
A011tM1V A41 USdlSJ'X031ttJ:. S\!."{oX3: ct0pOOA.DSctii ~ S\!.'X1"{D1I, SUASJTI
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('X1t 'lD ,13: DOSJri 'SOTI~3:) IYJOJY8AII 'S
S(l.ON (} m113101t i\10\!.oX A (} ~Q A~tJ:. 'A(I)1tc,t1 AQ?'XJ.(I)~ lD'X
AQ?'X11ctdl AQ?1 D)'(1'X101t 111 A~ (l.01t0'X0 0.01 S01U19A~ S\!.1 'SDpX3MO
S\!.1 A4X0'9 A41 SOA3TI9X3QDOD1t 'SD)A.0,,{010ctdl S\!.'X1110'XA.ctO S\!.1 SOTI
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-
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\O!!H!
:rtQOA~'ljJBOOV XaL tWV ,,9LXWV UQXWV tfj~ "E9VLXfj~ Mu90AOYLa~ twv

'EAA~VOOV.
"Er~ IlOVO~ 9BO~ U:rt<lQXBL, OUtB Xata to aWlla OUtB Xata to
:rtvBillla OIlOLO~ :rtQO~ tOU~ OIlTJQLXOU~ XaL 'HmobBLo'U~ 9BO'u~. ElvaL
OAO~ ollila, OAO~ o1'i~, OAO~ voil~. '}\QXBL M :rt<lvtOOV uxo:rtoo~ bLa tfj~
LbLa~ bLaVOLa~. ~vaMOLOOtO~ OOV xaL UXLVTJtO~. t1ev EXBL uvaY%TJv
va IlBtaVaatBUU u:rto to:rtO'U Bt~ to:rtOV :rtQo~ EXteAWLV tfj~ 9BLa~
autoil ~o'UA~aBOO~."
7. EMHEAOKAHI
<IlLAoaoqJo~ E; ~xQayavto~ tfj~ ~LxBALa~, :rtBQL to 450 :rtX. At
yvooaB~ xaL to ~90~ to'll EqJ~IlLaav autov ro~ aVbQa 9a'Ullamov xaL
U:rtBQqJ'UO:. To XUQLOV EQYOV to'll dVaL to "ITBQL <IluaBoo~", :rtoLTJlla
bLbaxtLXOV EX tQLWV ~L~ALOOV cbV to :rtQWtoV E:rtQaYllatBUBtO tiJv
9BooQLav toil ITavto~. To bBUtBQOV tiJv :rtQoayooyiJv tWV Ovtoov xaL
to tQLtOV tiJv bLa:rtAamv toil uv9Qoo:rto'U xaL llaALata tfj~ 'ljJ'Uxfj~
, -
a'Uto'U.
8. HPAKA.EITOI
"EqJwo~, :rtBQL to 500 :rt.K. "Ex tWV vBOOteQoov 'Ioovoov qJ'UmoM-
yoov. "EbLbaaxB to UBL YLYVBa9aL xaL IlBta~aMBa9aL xaL IlTJM:rtotB
llevBLv. Ta :rtavta xar autov BUQLaXovtaL Bt~ aLoovLav QO~v, Bt~
uevaov XLVTJmV xaL uMa~v.
~'UvLatO: u:rtowyiJv toil uv9Qoo:rto'U BL~ tOV Aoyov, ro~ U:rtOtB-
Aoilvta EV tq> aLoovLq> Qq> toil YLyvw9aL, to IlOVOV ma9BQov U:rtOA'U-
tOV, aLoovLoo~ uATJge~. ~'UvLatO: E:rtLaTJ~ tiJv autOx'UQLaQXLav xaL tiJv
u:rtaxoiJv Bt~ tou~ NOllo'U~. 'Y:rtatTJ bL' autov uQBtiJ BlvaL ~ Ev:rtavtL
t~QTJm~ toil IlEtQO'U.
9. AHMOKPITOI 0 ABAHPITHI
MEya~ tfj~ 'AQXaLotTJto~ <IlLMaoqJo~, E:rtLvo~aa~ tiJv IlEXQL
~IlBQOV E:rtLxQatoilaav :rtBQL UtOIlOOV 9BooQLav. Ta a'UYYQallllata
autoil, BL~ LOOVLXiJV bLaABXtoV, Ev 'A~b~QOL~, ~aav :rtoA'UaQL9Ila:
:rtBQL lla9TJllatLXWv, qJ'UaLxfj~, ,,9LXfj~, IlO'UOLXfj~, :rtoL~aBoo~,
166
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rtOAEIlLXfj~ tEXV'r)~
'R 8EWQLa 'tOU 6EXE'tat 'to ov 3tona3tAoilv. Ta a'tolla ES OOV
a3totEAEL'tat'tO OV, VOEL 0 L\'rIIlOXQL'tO~, ro~ a3tdQou~ IlLXQa~ OUOLa~
f1~ ato8'r1'ta~ ana IlOVOV vO'rl'ta~. L\La ()E 'tfj~ 3taQa()oxfj~ 'tOOV
'ljJUXLXOOV a'tollwv, 1l()uvi)8'r1 0 L\'rIIlOXQL'tO~ va ES'rlyT)Otl 't~V U3taQSLV
tOOV 'ljJUXOOV xaL 'toil OAOU EV YEVEL ~aOLAELOU 'tOOV 3tVEUlla'tWV xaL
toil eEOil.
10. HAOYTAPXOE
(46-127 Il.x.) Et~ EX 'tOOV 03tOU()atO'tEQWV 'Eni)vwv oUYYQa<pE-
WV, EX XatQwvda~. Ma8'r1'ti)~ 'toil EV 'A8i)vat~ <PLAOOO<pOU
~IlIlWVLoU, 'tasL()EUOa~ EL~ 'POOIl'rlV, 3taQEIlELVEV EXEt E3tL llaxQov xaL
EYEVE'tO ()L()aOXaAO~ 'toil TQa'Cavoil xaL 'toil 'A()QLavoil.
'Emo'tQE"i'a~ d~ XatQoovELav a3tEx't'rlOE aSLoolla'ta xaL 'tLlla~.
"EYQa"i'E 3tEQL<P'rllla EQya, IlE'tasiJ 'tOOV 03tOLWV 'toiJ~ "IIaQani)Aou~
BLOU~", ()'rIAa()~ ~LoYQa<pLa~ 'EAAi)vwv xaL 'PwllaLwv aV()Qoov xaL
OUYXQLOLV au'toov xa'ta SEUYrJ. L\EV 3tQo'tL8E'tat va YQa"i't1 LO'toQLav
'tOOV 3tQOOOO3tWV au'toov, una IlclnOV 3tEQLYQa<p~v 'tOOV xaQax'ti)-
QWV. 'R SW'rIQo't'rl~ 'tfj~ 3taQaO'taoEw~, 'to 3taV'r)Y1lQLxoV u<po~ xaL 'ta
aVEX()o'ta ()L' OOV ()Lav8LsEL 't~v ()Li)YrJOLV, xa8Lo'toilv 'toiJ~ IBLou~"
avayvwolla 'tEQ3tVo'ta'tov xaL ()tClax'tLxo'ta'tov.
11. ZHNflN 0 EAEATHE

'EAEa't'rl~ <ptA.ooo<po~, 490-430 3t.x. Ma8'r1't~~ 'toil IIaQIlEVL()OU.
'Y3tEQllaxo~ 'tfj~ 8EwQLa~ 'toil aIlE'ta~Ai)'tou. IIcloa XLV'rIOL~ dvat
IlOVOV <patVOIlEVLXi).
12. ZHNflN 0 ETfllKOE

'0 Zi)vwv 0 KL'tLEiJ~ EYEvvT)8'r1 EL~ KL'tLOV 'tfj~ Ku3tQou, LOW~ 'to
336 3t.x. xaL u3tE8aVEV EL~ ~8i)va~ 'to 270 3t.x.
'I()Qu't~~ 'tfj~ ~'tWLXfj~ <ptA.Ooo<pLa~, aUYXQovo~ 'toil 'E3tLXOUQOU.
167
1
ZQ
EMHNIKH ArorH MA6HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOI:I:HI:
Km:u 'tu ih'l'] 325-13 E'llQimGE'to EV 'AS~vaL~, EvSa EYEVE'tO

aXQoa't~~ bLa<poQwv ~XOAWV. ME'tU 'to 310, tbQlJOEV EV 'i\S~VaL~
LbLav ~XOA~V. KUQLOV xaQax't'l']QLO'tLXOV 'tfj~ SEwQLa~ 'tOlJ ElvaL (l'tL
SEAEL 't~v E:rtLO't~Il'l']V ouxt xaS' EalJ't~v, aUu 3tQo~ 'tov OX03tOV 'toli
ayaSoli xat 'tOU ro<pEALIlOlJ, 't~v avaS~'t'l']OLV 'tWV 3tQu)'twv ahLwv
3tQo~ bU;UXQLVLOLV 'tOu 'tEALXOU OX03tOU 'tfj~ swfj~.
13. APXIAOXOI
"Iall~oYQa<po~ (725-650 3tX.) EX IIaQolJ. CR cEU'I']VLX~ 3tOL'I']OL~
bLU 'tWV XaLVO't0IlLWV au'tou ELOfjASEV EL~ vEav 3tEQLObov bLU 'tWV
Lall~wv, ot 03tOLOL ~oav oxwlllla'ta, a.3tEQ xa't' aAA~Awv E~aUov
xa't' ESLlloV OL 3tav'I']YlJQLO'tal EV 'tfj EOQ'tfj LM~ 'tfj~ A~Il'l']'tQo~.
'EYEVE'tO 3tQobQoIlO~ 'tWV XWIlLXWV' 'tOV 'i\QXLAOXOV EIlLIl~S'I'] 0
cOQa'tLO~. Movov 3tEVLXQU a3tOO3taOlla'ta 'tOU EQYOlJ 'tOlJ bLampso-
V'taL.
14. TEPHANAPOI
IIEQLWVlJIlO~ uEAA'I']V 1l0lJOLXO~ xat 3tOL'I']'t~~, YEVV'l']SEt~ 3tEQt 'to
710 3t.X. EV 'i\V'tLOOn 'tfj~ V~OOlJ AEO~OlJ. ME'ta~u~ EL~ ~3taQ't'l']v
EVLX'I']OE xa'tu 'tOu~ 1l0lJOLXOU~ aywva~ 'tWV KaQvELwv, 'tu E't'l'] 676
xat 673. 9EWQEL'taL m~ 0 SEIlEALW't~~ 'tfj~ AlJQLXfj~ 3tOL~OEW~ xat
dJQE't~~ 'tfj~ E3t'taxoQbolJ AUQa~.
15. AIIXYAOI
IIa'tQLaQX'I']~ 'tfj~ 'EU'I']VLXfj~ TQay<pbLa~, 525-456 3tX.
'EYEVV~S'I'] EL~ 'EAElJOLva. ElxE ~So~ U'ljJ'I']A.OV, YEvvaLov xat
ElJOE~E~, IlE'tELXE 3taV'twv 'tWV U3tEQ 'tfj~ EAElJSEQLa~ 'tOU "'ESvolJ~
aywvwv: Ev MaQaSwvL, Ev'i\Q'tEIlLOL<p, Ev ~aAaIlLvL, EV IIAa'taLaL~.
IIQw'tO~ 1l0Q<PW't~~ 'tfj~ 'i\'t'tLXfj~ bLaA.Ex'tOlJ, a<poli IlEXQL 'to'tE
E3tExQa'tEL ~ 'IwvLx~ bLaAEx'to~. ~lJVESEOE 3tEQL3tOlJ 100 bQallam EX
'tWV 03tOLWV bLaocpsov'taL 'tu E3t'tU (X at oALya 03taQaYlla'ta).
rVWQLollU'ta au'twv, 'to IlEyaA.03tQE3tE~ xat 'tL'taVLXOV 'tWV xaQax't~
QWV 'twv. co 3tOL'I']'t~~ mO'tEuEL O'tL avw'tEQu 'tL~ MVUIlL~ bLOLXEL 'tU
3taV'ta.
168
:.0\:-
l ',i "'.''
MA8HMA 150v
16. HINAAPOI
'0 fJkYLO'W~ 1:00V A:UQLXOOV 3WLl]1:00V 1:fj~ ~Qxai,a~ 'EAAO:bo~ (522
nX.) EX K'Uvo~ KE<paAoov 1:00V 8l](3oov. IIQooEAa(3E 1:0V xaQax1:fjQa
E8vLXOU nOLl]1:0U xat EL~ 1:0U1:0 O'UVE1:EAEOaV OL IlEYUAOL navEAAi)vL-
OL ayoovE~ EL~ OU~ o'Uvi)8LsE va naQE'UQi,oXE1:aL xat 1:0U~ onoi,o'U~
ESVIlVl]OEV. "EYQa'ljlEv EL~ broQLX~V bLUAEX1:0V xat 1:0. EQya aV1:ou
avabELxvVo'UV 1:0 8Ql]OXE'U1:LXOV 'to'U o'Uvai,08l]lla.
17. KAEAN@HI
~1:roLXO~ <pLA6oo<po~, lla8l]1:~~ xat bLUboxo~ 1:0U Zi)vrovo~,
Xa1:i)YE1:0 ES "Aooo'U 1:fj~ TQroubo~ (331-232 n.x.). 'HA8EV d~
'A8i)va~ ano'U Ella8i)1:E'UoEV Ent 19 E1:l] naQa 1:ip Zi)vroVL. ElXE IlO'U-
OLX~V Eni,booLv, 8EroQOOV 1:~V IlO'UOLX~V cb~ IlOVl]V Lxav~v va
EX<PQUOTI 1:0. u'IjIL01:a o'UvaLo8i)lla1:a. 'Ev 1:fj "<p'UOLXfj" avuYEL 1:~V
aQX~v 1:ounaV1:o~ E~ ev O1:OLXELOV, 1:0 nUQ. 'Ev 1:fj "~8LXfj" uno01:l]-
Qi,SEL a1:L "U'IjIL01:0V aya80v dVaL 1:0 EV <pVOEL sfjv". f!>VOLV EVVOEL 1:0
oVllnav, EnollEvro~ 1:0V Aoyov ij 1:0V 8EOV, a01:L~ bLEnEL 1:0V
XOOlloV.
***
169
<
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA9HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAnUH~
-KYPIllr KEIMENON
'IO'oxqar1J': nWV~S'l'pU; O''t~v 'AS~va 'to 436 3t.X., 03tOU ')GaL

a3tESaVe 'to 338 3tX. Ta E;L 3tQoo'tct XQovLa 'tou ~O'av 'ta fLova ;EVOL-
aO''ta ')GaL e'lhUXLOfLEva 'tfj~ ~wfj~ 'tau. To 431 ;EO'3ta. 0
IIeA03tOVVTjO'Lct')Go~ 3toAefLo~ 0 o3toio~ A~yeL 'to 404, o'tav 0
'IO'o')GQ(hTj~ elvctL 32 E'tOOV, fLE 't~v ~'t'ta 'tfj~ ~S~va~, 'to yevL')Go 3tEV-
So~ ')GaL 't~v 'tct3teLVWaL 'tOOV 3tOAL'tOOV 'tTj~. R "yefLOVLa. 'tfj~ EMU~O~
3teQLEQxe'tctL O''tOv~ ~3taQ'tLu'te~ ot 03tOiOL ~uO''tUXoo~, 3taQa~ibouv
ma XEQLa 'tOOV IIeQO'oov 'ta fLL')GQaO'Lct'tL')Ga 3taQuALct ')GaL 'ta EMTjVL')Ga
VTjaLa fL 't~V E3taLOXUV'tTj O"UvS~')GTj 'tOU ~V'taA.')GL~a (387 3tX.) 3tQo-
')GaAOOV'ta~ E'tO'L 't~V aVTjO'uXLa ')GaL 't~v av'tL~QaO'L OAWV 'tOOV
"EM~VWV. "H e~pa fLE 't~v O'eLQu 'tTj~ Sa uvama'tooO'Tj 't~v "EAM~a
fLE 't~v ~L')G~ 'tTj~ E3te')G'ta'tL')G~ 3tOAL'tL')G~, ooO'3tOU Sa U3to')GU'\jITj ')GaL au't~
O''t~v fLUXTj 'tfj~ MaV'tLveLa~ 'to 362 3tX. To XUO~ 3tOV Em')GQa'touO'e
fLEXQL 'to'te YLve'tctL U')GOfLa fLeyaAu'teQo, 03tW~ MeL ')GaL 0 Sevocpoov
O''to 'teAo~ 'toov "EAATjVL')GOOV" 'tOU: ax(Jwia oe xat w(JaxiJ en n).ei-
rov",era riJv",6:x'Y]v Byever:o Ii n(JoaOev BV rfi 'E).).cibl. (7,5) MLa
vEa MvafLL~ ;e3tQopuAAeL 'to'te, yefLu'tTj O'cpQiyo~ ')GaL OQfL~. 0
LA.L3t3tO~ 0 B I 'tfj~ Ma')Ge~ovLa.~, ~QaO''t~QLo~, E;U3tVO~ ')GaL ~uvafLL
')Go~. IIaQ' oAa au'tu, " ~S~va avaAafLPUveL. ot ~uvufLeL~ ')GaL ot
O''taSeQE~ a;Le~ 3tOV E')GAELve fLEO'a 'tTj~ " 3tOAL~ au't~ ~O'av u'teA.eLW-
'te~. To 378 ~TjfLLOuQyei'tctL " ~eu'teQTj ~STjVaL')G~ "yefLovLa, Mo XQo-
VLa fLe'ta 't~v ')GU')GAOCPOQLa. 'tOU IIavTjY'UQL')GOU, ')GaL ~L')GctLOOVOV'tctL ot
SEO'eL~ 'tOU 'IO'o')GQu'tOU~ YLa 'ta a3taQupa'ta ~L')GctLOOfLa'ta 'tfj~ L~LctL'tE
Qa~ 'tOU 3ta'tQL~O~ mo SEfLa 'tfj~ "yefLovLa~ 'tOOV EAA~VWV ...
BIorPAtPlKA: 0 3ta'tEQa~ 'tOU 'IO'o')GQu'tou~ eeo~wQo~ ~'tav
3tAOUO'LO~. Elxe EQYOO''tUaLO 3tOV ')Ga'taO'')Ge1)(l~e aUAou~. "E~wO'e
O''tov y'ULO 'tou EmfLeATjfLeVTj aywy~ ')GaL fLOQCPWaL. 0 'IO'o')GQu'tTj~
~'tav 3tQOL')GLO'fLevo~ fLE EfLCPU'tTj ')GALaL 3tQo~ 'ta YQufLfLa'ta, E3tL 3tMov
~E " fLOQCP~ 'tou ~'tav wQaLa, L~LW~ ')Ga'ta 'ta XQOVLa 'tfj~ EcpTjPeLa~.
IIQo'tu3tov ~TjAa~~ "')GaAou ')GuyaSou" veou. ~L~uO'')GaAoL 'tou
I ~
170
MA9HMA 150v
uJtfjQ!;av OL IIQc.o'tayoQae;, IIQo~Lxoe;, TELoLae;, rOQyLae;. 'AQYO'tEQa

i!YLVE xat /la9'11't~e; 'tOil ~c.oxQ(ho'Ue;. '0 /lEyO:A.Oe; qJLMooqJoe; 'tov
aYO:Jt'l10E JtOA.U xat 'tOV EJt'l1QEaOE ~a9u'ta'ta. '0 'IooxQO:'t'l1e; o'UvM-
9T]XE JtOA.U !Jk 'tOV ~o:oxaM 'to'll, xat 0 a~LXOe; 90:va'toe; 'to'll 'to 399
Jt.x. 'tov EJtLxQavE JtOA.u. '0 'IooxQO:'tT]e; ~'tav 0 /lOVOe; Jtou 't~v
EJtO/lEVT] 'tfje; 9ava'tooOEc.oe; 'toil ~c.oxQO:'to'Ue; E/lqJavL09T]XE o't~v
ayoQa !Jk L/lO:'tLa JtEv9L/la. '''E:n:/' 'Up l:wxea:cov; Oava:up, fle).,aVet-
floVWV rfi vareeai(L :n:eofj).,Oev. " (Bi.o;, cr. 839)
"H~'I1 E!;aoxoiloE 'to EJtO:YYEA./la 'toil "A.0yoYQO:qJo'U", uqJoil 0
, ' " \ ,T
Jta'tEQae; 'to'll /lEoa O'tLe; YEVLXc.o'tEQEe; xa'taO'tQOqJEe; Jto'U ELXE JtQoxa-
MOEL 0 IIEA.oJtoVVT]OLaxOe; JtOA.E/lOe;, ExaOE OA.T] 'to'll 't~v JtEQLO'UoLa.
To 390 L~QUEL ~LX~ 'to'll axOA.~, E!;c.o aJto 'to. 'tELXT] 'tfje; 'A9~vae;,
aVO:/leaa o'to K'UvooaQYEe; xat 'to AUXELOV ('to aA.OOe; 'toil A'Uxdo'U
'AJtOA.A.c.ovoe; xov'ta o'tov 'IA.Looo). ME 'tte; dOJtQO:!;ELe; 'tfje; ~XOA.fje;
to'll xa'tOOQ9c.oOE va !;aVa~T]/lLO'UQY~O'l1 JtEQLO'UoLa. "'Iaoxearq;
eAaflfJave Xe~flara :n:afl:n:o).,Aa v:n:ee rfj; otoaaxaAia;' :n:aea fleV
rwv :n:oAtrWV ovoev, wa:n:ee yeea; rovro xaranOeflevo;, xa/'
r(!ocpe'ia xarafJaAAWV rfi :n:areifJ :n:a(!a oe rwv ~evwv, xaia; oea-
lila;. n).,ovato; oe yevoflevo;, eflE(!iaaro rov :n:).,ovrov el; rrjv
:n:6)"w. " (BLoe;, 1, 21)
'0 'IooxQO:'tT]e; EJtLO'tE'UE Jtooe; Evae; /lOVOV 'tQo:n:oc; lJ3tfjQXE YLa va
oc.o9fj ~ 'EUo:e;: va O'ta/la't~oo'Uv 'to YQ'I1YOQOO'tEQO OL xa'taA.'U'tLxot
E/lqJUA.LOL oJtaQaY/loL. '0 L~LOC; OUMJtO'tE UVE/lELX9T] o't~v evEQYO
JtOA.L'tLX~, i1I..JtL~E O/lc.oe; :n:O:V'tO'tE O'tL xO:JtOLa tax'UQ~ JtQOOc.oJtLXO't'l1e;
90. ~'to ~'Uva'tov va O'UVEVOOOT] 'tOue; "EA.A.'I1vae;. liEV xa'tOOQ9c.oOE va
6fj 't~V JtQaY/la'toJtoLT]OL 'toil OVELQO'U 'to'll. IIE9avE U/lEOc.oC; /lE'ta 't~v
/lO:XT] 'tfjc; XaLQc.ovdae;, mXQa/lEVOe;, ExoV'tac; UV'tLXQUOEL aA.A.'I1 /lLa
qJoQa 'toue; "EU'I1VEe; va uUT]A.ooxo'toovoV'taLl /lE /laVLa. AEVE Jtooe;
aJtE9aVE "'t~V evO:'tT] ~/lEQa" /lE'ta 't~V O'U/lqJOQO:, aJto UOL'tLa. "H'taV
'tooT] ~ UJtOYO~'tE'UOLe; xat ~ JtLxQa 'to'll, roO'tE aQv~9T]XE va ~Ex9fj
'tQOqJ~ xat VEQO xat E'tOL "au'tox'tOV'I10E".
1. IIQ~/... 'to 'toii ffio'tJ'tuQXo'tJ ('H8L%U):

"Eii 'ti'j~ 'EMUl)o~, ~ 'tocrou'to'tJ~ -livl)Qu~- vcp' uvtii~ WtO/..WI..E%E, ocro~ UQ%EL
'tou~ ~uQ~uQo'tJ~ VL%UV &.n:uV'tu~. "
171
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rI\OI:I:HI:
"II(}o~ T:~V
ayyeAiav T:ij~ ev Xal(!wveig. fla:xq~ dAYtloa~,
er:eAeVT:qoev eoeAOVT:tl~". (IIct'Uo. 'At'tLxu AI 18)
"EYQa'ljJE 60 A6yo'U~ &Jto 'tou~ OJtOLO'U~ 6Lww91]O'av f,tOVO 21

xa9ro~ xat 9 EmO"toAE~. '0 IIavqyv(}lXO~ EX'UXAOqJ0Q1]O'E 'to 380
Jt.x. &qJou 0 61]f,tLO'UQYO~ 'to'U 'tOY O''Uf,tJtAt]QWVE Jt<lvw &Jto Mxa
XQovLa. ITaQ' OAOV on EYQaqJ1] YUI va &JtaYYEA9fj xa'ta 'tTtv Exa'to-
O''tTtV 'OA'Uf,tma()a, 'to 380 Jt.x., EV 'to{,'tOL~ ()8V &xO{'0'91]XE JtO't8
O"tTtV '0 A'U f,t1tLa.
KEV'tQLXTt lMa: va Evw90uv Em'tEAO'U~ ot "EAA1]VE~ xat OAOL
f,ta~t va O''tQaqJouv XCX'tcl 'toii qJtJCJtxoii ix0Qoii 'toii 'Ei..l..1Jvtap,oii,
XCX'tcl 'troY pCXQPaQffiV Tij~ 'AaLcx~. KamYYEAAEL 'tTtV ~ vr:aAxioeto
eietlvq. ~LEX()LXEi YLa 'tTtV ~9t]va 'tTtV ~YEO'La, oo~ LEQTt &JtOO"tOAt],
JtA.eXOvm~ f,t8 'tQOJtO B;OXO 'to EyxWf,tLO 'tOOV ~91]voov, Emf,tEvoV'ta~
O''ta JtOAL'tLO"tLXa Em'tE{,Yf,tam.
I'YJf1eufJae~:
1) MEXQL olu.teQct, oe OAe~ 't~ YAwooe~, fr Ms~ ":n;ct'VT]YVQLXO~" OTJf.tctL-
VIOL 'to EyXWf.tLO, 'tOY i'l:itctLvo.
2) '0 MEYct~ BctOLAeiJ~ ~L~ 'tOiJ~ "EAATJVct~: "f.tTJ'te ctii'toiJ~ exeLv
frO'UXLctV, f.tTJ'te 'tOiJ~ aUo'U~ aveQw:n;o'U~ Edv frO'UXLctV exeLv".
*** i: ' \
'ill ~..,. A If'1\o'\ V ..,J
'Exl..oycxt EX 'toii "llcxv1JYtJQtxoii"
'Ex 'too H(!ootpiov: 9

"At f,t8V yaQ JtQa;EL~ at JtQOYEYEV1]f,tEVaL xOLvat Jt<lO'LV ~f,tLV
xa'tEAeLqJ91]O'av ... "
Kv(!tOV fl4!o~ 23, 24

l"Of,tOAOYEL'taL f,t8V yaQ 'tTtv JtOALV ~f,tOOV &QXaLo'ta't1]v ElvaL xat
f,tEYLO''t1]V xat JtaQa Jt<lO'LV &V9QWJtOL~ Qvof,taO''to'ta't1]v... Ta{,'t1]v
yaQ OLXOUf,tEV OUX hEQO'U~ Ex~aA6V'tE~ oM' EQt]f,t1]V xa'taA.a~oV'tE~
172
MA9HMA 150v
oM' bt nOAAwv E8vwv f.LLya.6E~ o'UAAEyeV1:E~, aAA' 01hO) XUAW~ XUL

YV'YJoLO)~ YEyavUf,LEV wo't' E~ ~onEQ EqJ'Uf,LEV, ,;u{,.tfJv EXOV1:E~ anuV1:u
'tov XQavov 6LU1:EAo'iJ f,LEV, a"'tox8oVE; OV'tE; "
(I1aQa~oA~ ILE 'to X,WQLOV MO 'tOV 8o'Ux'Ul>L1hl B 36:
" ... Til''' yaQ XWQuv 01 amoi aiei olxofJvtE~ Otuooxfi rwv flUyt-
yvoP,vwv, p,eXQt roiJoe e).,ev()eQuv Ot' aQer",v nUQeooauv... ")
(I1aQa~OA~ !LE ALoxuAO'U 'IXE'tLl>E, 250:

"Tov 'Y1J'YEVOV, yaQ dp,t eyill Ha).,aix8ovo" lvt; IIe).,uayo;,
rijaoe yij; aQX'YJyEr'YJ;").
xup.29
".. n
no).,t; np,wv ov p,ovov ()eocpt).,w;, d).).,a XUt cptAav()Qwnw;
eaXev, ware xVQia yevop,ev'YJ roaovrwv aya()wv ovx ecp()ov'YJae rot:;
a'uot;, d).X Jiv e).,af3ev anaat p,edowxev ".
xup.73
"Kut p,'YJOel; oUa()w p,' ayvoet:v on xat AaxeOatp,OVLOt neQt
rov; xaLQov; rovrov; no'uwv aya()wv alnOt rot:; "E'u'YJaw xad-
ar'YJaav' ilia ott! roiJro xat p,6JJ..ov enuwet:v exw r",v no).,w, rOt- on
ovrwv avruywvLarWV wXoiJaa, roaoiJrov avrwv ol1]veyxev".1
(OLltQayovoL lLa) " ... elxav drow :n:o).,mx'" avveifJ'YJat, ware 6

avraywvwp,o; avap,wu adl xop,p,ura elxe axo:n:o OXt f3ef3ata :n:ow eo.
e~ovrwa'YJ ro a;.,).,o, "lui vei aVaAaf3'YJ vareQa r",v e~ovaia, iliei :n:ow
oei :n:Qwro:n:Qoacpi(J'YJ rt; ayuOe; v:n:'YJ(Jwie; rov ar",v :n:o).,t. Kat rei
:n:o).,mxa rov; xOf.lf.lara Mv a:n:if3).,e:n:av ae xop,f.lanxei ocpi).,q, a).,).,ei
e~v:n:q(Jerovaav p,ovov rov avvo).,ov rei avp,cpi(Jovra... " (OVX v:n:e(J
rwv lMg. avp,cpeQovrwv, a;.,).,' e:n:trfj rov :n:).,fjOov; wcpe)"eig. ").
1. IItllda(!oc;: KAELVut ~8avaL, 'EMu~O EQELOILU, ~aLlLaVLOV :JttoALE8Qov.

AlaxvAOC;: QOUQLOV 8EOOV, Q'Ua~ooILOL, EVQ'UUY'ULaL.
Ev(!L1tw1/C;: KAELVQV am'll YEWULOOV.
173
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOIIHI
-HAPATHPHIEII
'EQf.,tllVE'U'tL'XU, f.,tOQqJOI..OYL'XU, E't'Uf.,tOI..OYL'XU.

:AQXL'XoL XQOVOL 'troY Qllf.,tU'tCDV pti).).w 'XaL (fJeuw.
EL 'to qJEQOV ae qJEQEL

qJEQE 'XaL qJEQO'U
d be Wr], 'XaL aalJ'tov 1..'U3tEt~
'XaL 'to qJEQOV ae qJEQEL.
(IIaA.A.aM~, l'l.' at. f,t.x.)
174
MA9HMA 160v
Ma91]p.ux 160v
KEIMENON
(B'ivo'r'YJr;)
Kup. 81, 82. ".. .i:6La f..LEV ao't'l1 'tu~ almuv 3t6AEL~ ~YO"f..LEVOL,
XOLVfJV be 3ta'tQL6a 'tfJv cEUa6a VOf..LL~OV'tE~ Elvm.1
TOLa"'taL~ 6LavoLm~ XQWf..LEVOL xal 'toiJ~ VEro'tEQOU~ EV 'tOL~ 'tOL-
O"'tOL~ ~8EOLV 3tm6E,,0V'tE~, oihro~ av6Qa~ aya80iJ~ a3tE6EL;av
'toiJ~ 3tOAEf..Lijoav'ta~ 3tQo~ 'toiJ~ EX 'tfj~ ~oLa~, roOLE f..L'I16EVa 3tW3tO'tE
6uv'I18fjvm 3tEQl av'twv, f..Lij'tE 'tWV 3tOL'I1'tWV f..Lij'tE 'tWV OO<pLO'tWV,
a;Lro~ 'tWV EXELVOL~ 3tE3tQaYf..LEvrov EiJtELV."
Keq;. 86. ""E3tE6et;aV't0 bE 'tu~ au'twv aQE'tu~ 3tQw'tov f..LEV EV

'tOL~ U3tO AaQdou 3tEf..L<p8ELOLV. 'A3to~aV'trov YUQ av'twv EL~ 'tfJV
'A't'tLXijV, OL f..LEV ov
3tEQLEf..LELVaV 'toiJ~ O'Uf..Lf..Laxou~, aAM 'tov XOLVOV
3t6AEf..LOV 'L6LOV 3tOL'I10af..LEvOL, 3tQo~ 'toiJ~ a.3tao'l1~ 'tfj~ cEAAa60~
xa'ta<PQo~a~, a3tijV'trov 'tfJV oLxdav MVaf..LLV i!XOV'tE~, OALYOL
3tQo~ 3toUU~ f..LuQLa6a~ .. "
Keq;. 98. "Toooii'tov YUQ ~ 3t6AL~ ~f..LWV bLE<pEQEV, 0" ~v aXEQm-

o~, roo.. avao'ta'to~ YEVOf..LEV'I'], 3tAdou~ f..LEV ouvE~aAE'to 'tQLijQE~ EL~
1. 'OIlLAeL ()Ul 'tou~ 3tEa6'V't(l~, "(luX r:OV!; r:o~ awp.aat {m:ee r:ij!; 'Ellcf(lo!;
JteOUtv(lvv8vaavr:a!;" .
175
q
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
'tOV XLV~'llVOV 'tOV fntEQ 'tfj; cEAA.a~o; 11 oUJ.t3tUV'tE; OL VU'lllLuXi)ouv-

'tE;, OU~Et; ~E 3tQO; ~lLa; oihw; EXEL ~'llOILEVoo; oon; oux av
0lLoAoyi)oELEv, ~La ILEv 't~v VU'llILUXLUV ~lLa; 'tQl 3tOAEILQl
xQu'tfjOaL. n
KEq;. 158. "EUQOL ~. av 'tL; EX ILEV'to'll 3toMILO'll 'to'll 3tQo; 'tOu;

~uQ~uQO'll; UILVO'll; 3tE3tOL'r)ILEVO'll;, EX ~E 3tQo; 'tou; "EM'r)VU; 9Qi)-
VO'll; ~ILLV YEYEV'rJILEVO'll;, xut 'tou; ILEV EV 'tuL; EOQ'taL; ~~O!LiVO'll;,
'tou; ~'E3tt 'tuL; (J'lJlLqJOQUL; ~lLa; ILEILV'rJILEvq'll;".
KEq;. 165. n t\E~ELX'taL YUQ, o'tuv 'tL; 3tOAElLfi 3tQo; ilv9Qomo'll; EX
3tOAAooV 't03tU}v O'llAAEyoILEVO'll; on ~EL IL~ 3tEQLILEVELV EW; av

E3tLO'toomv, &AI.' E'tL ~i03taQILEvOL; UU'tOL; E3tLXELQELv" .
KEq;. 177. "t\LO xut 'toov 3tQEO~E'llOUV'twv 'tau't'r)v 't~v ELQi)V'r)V

lhxairo; clV xa'(1)yoQoi"EV, O'tL 3tE"q>OiV'tE; "'3tO 'trov 'EA.A..qvrov,
"'3tEQ 'tmv fJaQfJelQro'V mOL.qaaV'to 't; O'VvO.qxa;" .1
KEq;. 181. '''Y3tEQ (bv aSLov oQYLsw9aL xut OX03tELV 03tW; 'toov yE
YEYEV'rJILEVWV ~LX'r)V A'r)'ljIoILE9u xutita ILEMOV'tU ~LOQ9wOOILE9u .. "
KEq;.182.
- 'EQIL'r)VE'll'tLxu, lLoQqJoAoYLxu, h'llILOAoYLxu, 3tQUYILU'tLXU.

- ~QXLXOt XQOVOL Q'r)lLu'twv :1tut(jevw, flivw, (i(jw, avAUyw.
- ~uv9Em; 'to'll Q. ~uAAw ILE oAE; 'tt; 3tQ09EOEL; (xut 3tuQu-
ywyu).
1. 'Avta":x:U\a~ ... Ei.QtlVl1~ YEVOJJivrJ~ 'toi~ ~EMrJUw, e1 dei .TW .ij~ 'EMado~
vPew "at neodoalav eiefj'vt]v "cUerv... " (III..ou't. 'AQ'ta;EQ~~, 21)
176
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LLI
(DQln.o~ aav - SOl.D1J.?riD1O.L S!J,riOa,)
II S9 39 9 0~1DlC lD'X S010')-'X 0~J... A(l)lA'9II U"('fP
S11 DJOQ.O 'XQ.0 'SO'Y(3)..)..1I} 'XQ.0 'S939 Q.o A(l)1,)-01 Sq1'X3. AOX~103lC
DlA'9lC mlo.3AlC lD'X SU19~ ct01,)-01 l;t ~ A~ A0031~ A~qQ.0 lD'X o.0030A
SQ!Lrocb qOlC Aq030A Sl,Dcb A~ D1U1938 mAl3 ADJri 1q'910~ ~ A<plC13
"01D~J...~8cb~ SOq'910~ l03lC 1191q S01D1J...~riD10~ 01U'Y,'X~'X3; II (Z
(}()t7 0 'AI l?'K19H. l.n.0m)
II SctOJri3'Y,OlC Sq>
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S(l)JDg3g DAl 'AD10A\}3 SOA3riq>1'XDA~ A(l)A~U1DO'X3'X Al,D1 A~1 'g,ri11
D1!J,80~ A~1 l03lC g,1 'SOlC(l)08A'9'Y,1cb S~3YIDDg lD'X SqA10'X A<pri3J...l;t
.Q Sq> 'A3'Xu09wlS~8001DOtL 03lC'98D'X '1309cb~ A~'Y,OW ~A11 AUA
-~riJ...13rl3ri ctOlC901 o.O'X1AOQ3'XDW lD'X o.O'X1D03II 0.01 'X~ 'SDQ)Oct~DA~
lD'X ActQA'9'X lD'X AD0'911 AOl0 'SOA3ri'90U1mODlC ctori09'X o.O'X10DgODg
0. 0 1 ~'X1J...D01 lD'X D'Y,'Y,D~i1 O~J... ~~ ADO,}O ADO~W3'Y,31Q.3 S!J,'X1QUW
S!J,1 <!)'Y,'Y,OlC A~'X1003II A~1 ~'Y,'Y,~ 'AI}.'X1QUW A~1 01D'X1).000lC D1!J,80~
A~1 Q.O 'SOOQAD~~'Y,V. Aori09'K Aq1 A(l)lC~'Y,gOlC~ A01o.01 SqOII II (1
NI:rlJ.NJVNV :rOJn VN'ilWIU-
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NOJII.nIV.LNX.:r-
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-~l.ODU ririDO.1- 6L oJ.'90Dlt
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178
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MA8HMA 170v
I;tl'Vo61J'ttxo'V NLKOMolJ Ll1lf.L1l'tQLolJ.

"El~ 1:0 QV0f.ta 1:iJ~ f.tE).)..ovaTJ~ aW1:TJeta~
UaOEeWVW leeea rptAtuOV Ual arptE{!WVW Ei, rirv
ayti:rqv 'rf/, (PtJ.txij, 'Er:af,(JEia, Hat rirv V:JrE(!1J-
uiav r:mv peyaMnV kutwv r:mv 'EAEvUlViwv, 1:0V
aVfl:n:oJ..hTJV KVeLV Ntu6J..ao LJTJflTJ1:etov,
I:n:e1:atw1:TJV, E:n:ayyeJ..fla1:O~ vavuuov uvv
uaea{JwJV, xe6vwv 1:etana, w~ OeeflOV v:n:eea-
a:n:W1:7JV 1:iJ~ hat(!ea~ ual1:iJ~ :n:a1:etdo~ ua1:TJ-
mOena ual oeuoOena :n:ae' EflOV ".
~oe, 10 Mag'tLoll, nMe'tOOY lW'KOOy.
MatUux16ov
oUro q;(jj~ xat pax(!VVo
(Fe peya (Fxfno~ XI. 4!po
Ll. ThAro!lO;
ANAcIOPA I:THN E8NErnpI:IA 'fIJI: 251); MAPTIOY
~n:oon:aOf.La'ta un:o 'to aQ8Qo 'to;:; 'HQaKAfj KaAA.EQY"l "IImbeLa

Ka!. 'E8VEYEQoi,a" (n:EQLObLKOV TETPAMHNA -i\.f.LqJL(Joa):
" ... ll1tatoeta Vml(}~eV 0 :;eij(}V~ iij~ e).ev()e(}ia~ iWV 'E).).rjvwv ".
(LVAeU, '''ImoQLa EM1lVLKfj; btavumuoEro;")
II "EV'tEAOO~ bLaYQaJ.tJ.ta1:Lxcl, 8a. n:Qoon:a8i]ow va. un:Ev8vJ.tLOW
o'tov uvayvwo't1J 'tOY 'tQon:o J.tE 'tOY on:oLov il n:mbELa POi]81JOE 'tT)V
UqJUn:VLO'L 'toil E8vo'U~ xat J.tE'tEpaAE 'tou~ OXAclPO'U~ OE qJoQEL~
tbEOOV .
..'H O'tQoqJT) n:Qo~ 'tT)V uQxmo't1J'ta, il O'IJO'LaO"tLXT) b1JAabT) yvw-
QLf1.La 'toil uQxmoEAA1JVLxoil f1.EyaAELO'U, ..il n:mbEi.a UqJUn:VL<JE 'tou~
OXAclPO'U~ xat USLOn:OL1JOE 'tOY 'ljI'UXLXO b'Uvaf1.LO'f1.o. '0 'AAES.
'Y'ljl1JAclV't1J~ 'tOY <l>EPQO'UclQLO 'toil 1821 xaAoiloE 'tou~
o'Uf1.1ta'tQLoo'tE~ 'to'U va. JtoAEf1.i]oO'Uv "q;awop.evOL a~w iij~ 1t(}oyo-
Vl:;eij~ a(}eiij~ :;eaL rov 1ta(}OViO~ aliiJvo~ ".
179
q
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnHH!
'EX'to~ 'toov aAAWV 3tQoibtfjQ;E xai f,tLa O'tQOqJ~ 3tQO~ 't~V f.tEM-
'tTlV 'tfj~ &.QxaLa~ yAOOOOa~. A1J't~ ~ o'tQoqJ~ 3tQo~ 't~v &.Qxaia
YAOOOOa (OTlf,tELOOVEL 0 K. i\T1f,taQa~) EXEL &'3tO XclSE a3tO'\jJL
xaQax'tfjQa &'vaXaLVLO'tLxO: To ~~'tTlf,ta ElvaL va ;avayiVO'llf,tE oav
'to'u~ &.QxaLO'll~. "03tW~ YQclqJEL 0 NEOqJ. i\ouxa~, "av xat cp(!aaet~
f-llflmf-le(Ja, .0. XaAa nov A6ywv f-llfloVf-le(Ja xat.wv :rt(!oyovwv qf-lWv
f-llf-lqaLV eX0f-lev, 0 oe mvm f-llfleia(}at ovvaf-levo~, ovx ek f-laX(!aV
xat :rt(!O~ .0. i'iAAa XW(!r]aet ".
'0 HATlVLOf,tO~ 'tfj~ bLaOJtoQa~ 3toil 'EX'tELVO'tav &'3tO 't~V
'ObTlOOO f,tEXQL 'to AL~OQVO, &'3t0 't~V 'AAE;clVbQELa f,tEXQL 'to
MclV'tOEO'tEQ xai &'3t0 't~V BtEVVT) f,tEXQL 't~V MaooaAia, 3tQw'too'ta-
'tEi O't~V 3tVE'llf,ta'tLx~ &'qJU3tVLOL 'toov fJ3toboUAWV. SExwQi~o'llV ot
3taQOLXLE~ 'tfj~ BEVE'tia~, x'llQiw~ Of,tW~ 'tfj~ BO'llba3tEO'tTl~ xai 'tfj~
BtEVVT)~ 3tOV YLVOV'taL, xa'ta 'tOV xaSTlYTJ't~ ~3t. BaXaA03tO'llAO, 'to.
Aixva 'tfj~ 3tabEia~ xai EAE'llSEQia~ 'tOil VEO'll EMTlVLOf,toil.
"OAa 'to. EQEima, Sa'llf,taO'ta AEL1pava 'tfj~ &.QXaLo'tTl'ta~ 3toil
E~AE3tE 0 OXAcl~O~ XaSTlf,tEQLVcl, 'to. SEwQoiloE O'tL &'vfjxav OE oV'ta
U3tEQclvSQW3ta, 3tOV Mv Elxav xaf,tf,tLa axEaL f,tE 't~V bLX~ 'to'll aSALa
U3taQ;L. TooQa f,tUSaiVEL EX3tATlX'tO~ O'tL ot "EAATlVE~ ~'tav avSQW3tOL
03tW~ au'to~ xai, 'to 03t0'llbaLO'tEQO, O'tL ~'tav ot 3tQOYOVOL 'to'll .. '0
'ta3tELVWf,tEVO~ &~ 'to'tE QaYLa~ ELVaL AOL3tOV tbLa qJ'llA~ f,tE 'toil~
&.V'tQELWf,tEVO'll~ "EMTlVE~; Afj'to~ 0 f,t'llSLXO~ XOOf,tO~ 'toov &'Savcl'tWV
'EM~VWV ~'taV 't000 bLXO~ 'to'll xai Mv 'to ~;EQE; I 1p'llX~ 'to'll ~Qi
OXEL ;aqJVLXa eva O't~QLYf,ta &.no 'to. mo f.tEyclAa ..
'0 ~fj ITaoa~ EAEYE O'ta 1819: 'EO'I!t; oj, "EUqv;, p3tQ, Xel't..
JWyw.o q't O"tO XqJelA.. e1;. AEv flaqJ'ti~'t 3t..el 'tel na..b ..el O'a;
fielW1), ll'tQo, KmO"ta, naQel AO)viba, 0......O"tOxAij, :4..QlO"tibq.
~iyo'llQa Xel't .. plCl"("Q'V't!
TLf,tTl'tLXO 'tL'tAO &'3to'tEAoiloE ~ ovof,taoia E'taLQLOOV, of,tclbwv,

EqJTlf,tEQLbwv, f,tE &'Qxaia EAATlVLXa ovof,ta'ta (E(!f-lfj~ 0 AOyLO~,
KaAAtO:rtq, ~(}qvii), EVOO 'to. &.xQo3tQwQa 'tOOV 3tAOLWV EqJEQav 'to.
Evbo;a ovof,ta'ta 'tOil A'llxouQY0'll, 'toil ITEQLXAfj, 'toil
'E3taf,tELvoovba ... (3tQOO3tclSELa 'toov U3tObOUAWV va E3taVaO'llV-
bESoilv f,tE 'to. 3tEQaOf,tEVa f.tEyaAEia f,tEOq> yAooooa~) .

180
:s:-
',~
I I
.-.
I MA6HMA 170v
1821
Tij~ El(}17V'fJ~ Mrpeov -Ma(}ayxax'fJ
'YJtUQXEL ~ aJto'4'~ O'tL 01. QmtEV()'U'tOL xal. JtELVUO!liVOL JtQoyo-

VOL ILU~ 'tou 1821 ~ouv 'tEAdOJ~ uILOQCPOJ'tOL xul. uyvoououv 't~v
JtvEUILU'tLX~ 'to'U~ xA'r]QOVOILLU, EL()LXa. uJto 't~v UQXULU 'EAAU()U.
A1J't0 ()8V eIvUL oOJO'to, xul. Sa. JtQooJtuS~oOJ va. 'to aJtO()E~OJ.
~'t~v 'EAA'r]VLX~ 'EJtUVUO't<lOL uJtfjQXuv Mo X'UQLUQXE~ L()EOAO-
yiE~ -~ 'tQL't'r] E1VUL 'toov cI>UVUQLOJ'tooV-.
01. Mo UV't8~ X'UQLUQXE~ L()EOAOYLE~ ()LUXQLVOV'tUV uJto ILLU
EV'tOV'r] 'EM'r]VLXO't'r]'t<l xul. aQXULoAu'tQeLU.
'Bouv 01. L()EOAoyiE~ 'toov cI>LALXooV XUL 'tou P~yu. '0 P~yu~ ~'t<lV
JtOAU yvOJo'to~ YLa. 't~v ~QXULOyvOJoia 'to'U.
~'t~v cI>LALX~ 'E'tULQLU E1xuv IL'U'r]Sfj "EM'r]VE~ uJto OAu 'ta. XOL-
VOJVLXa. O'tQOOILU't<l xul. o'tl.~ JtUQUILOV8~ 'tfj~ 'EJtUVUO'tUOEOJ~ 0 UQLS-
ILO~ 'toov ILEAooV EcpSuvE 'tl.~ 600.000. 'J\. V JtQoOSEOO'UILE cpiAo'U~ xul.
O'UYYEVEL~ Jtov eIXE 0 XUSE cI>LALXO~, 'to'tE eIVUL AoYLXO va. XU't<lVO~
OO'UILE O'tL OAOL 01, "EM'r]VE~ E1xuv EV'rJILEQOJSfj yw. 't~v UQXULU 'to'U~
XA.'r]QOVOILLU.
01. IL'U'r]ILEVOL o't~v cI>LA.LX~ 'E'tULQELU ()LUXQLVOV'tUV 08 JtEV'tE
xu't'r]yoQiE~:
1) 'toov ~()EA.CPOJtOL'r]'tooV
2) 'toov ~'UO't'r]ILEVOJV
3) 'toov 'IEQEOJv 'tfj~ 'EM'UOLVO~
4) 'toov IIOLILEVOJV xal.
5) 'toov ~QXLJtOLILEVOJV.
'OJtOJO()~JtO'tE 1] 'tQI:t1) xa't1)yoQla "'to)V LEQeffiv 'tij;

'Eluaivo;" Sa. ExavE JtOA.A.OU~ va. uvaQOJ't'r]Souv 'tL uv'to o'r]ILaLvEL.
Kal. ElvaL pepaLOv O'tL OL """1)""VOL O'ta 'ElualvLa M"crtTtQLa 8a
'toil; bLvav XMOL; ES1)Y1taEL; YLa 'tilv 'AQxaia 'IEQiI xJ...1)Qovo-
,...La.
181
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\OHH!
0 'AQXLatQ<l't'l']YO <3. KOAOXO'tQWv'I'] <J1JAAa~L~EL ri]v 1atoQLa

ti'j EAAUbo "Et 't~V WtAOEM'I']VLXiJ" xat fJ '\jJ'UxiJ LO'U )'E/-tL~EL a:n:o
:n:aQa6dY/-taw aVbQELa xat M'U'tEQIii.. ~ OAO'U 'to'U A.6YO'U 'to'U
aQXL~E :n:EQiJ<:paVa /-tE ri]v M~L: "'EM'I']VE!
0 KavuQ'I'] "eol(i{3a~e eeyov xat {3iov 'Wv MeyaAov
~Ae5avoeov, xat ek rY/v Q;vayv(J)atv e'Z'eexav oaxeva ot orpOaA.f,loi
'Z'ov".
01 :n:QOX'l']QU~EL 'toiJ 'AAE;av6Qo'U Y'\jJ'I']AUV't'l'] /-tV'I']/-tOVEUO'UV
a6Luxo:n:a 'tt <3EQ/-tOJtUAE, 't~v ~aAa/-tlva, 'tOV MaQa8rova, 'tt
IIAa'taLE, xa8w EJtL01'J 'tou llQWE 'tfj 'AQxaia "EAAU60, atQa-
'tLW'tLXOU xaL JtOAL'tLXOU: 'tov MLA'tLUb'l'], 'tOV <3E/-tLG'tOXAfj, 'tov
AEwvLba, 'tOV 'EJta/-tELvwvba xaL 'tOV <3QaaU~o'UAo, Jtou EAE'U8eQw-
GE 't~v 'A8iJva aJto LOU 30 T'UQuvvo'U.
0 MaxQ'U),LUVV'l'] <J1JVEXro aVE<pEQE "'Z'Ov~ ;raA.'Y/ov~ "EJJ.'Y/ve~,
'Z'ov yeeo-~(J)xea'Z''Y/, 'Z'ov nAa'Z'(J)va, 'Z'ov eef,llO'Z'OXAij, 'Z'ov Ae{3ev'Z''Y/
Ae(J)vioa ".
'EJtL01'J va. ava<peQo'U/-tE 't~v /-tEyUA'I'] EUAu~ELa /-tE 't~v aJtoLa
aV'tL/-tE'twmGaV a '06'UGGEU 'AvbQoiJ'tGO xaL 'ta. JtaAA'I']XUQLa 'to'U
'tOV 'AQxalo AEOV'ta 'tfj; XaLQWVELa. Tov '06'UGGea 'tOV ELXE
~a<p'tLGEL a AU!-l3tQO Ka'tGwV'I'] xat 'toiJ EIxE bWGEL <J1J/-t~OALXa. 'to
Qvo/-ta'toiJ "JtOA.U'tQoJto'U a/-t'l']QLxoiJ llQwa" oJtw EM)'E.
Na. 8'U/-t'l']80iJ/-tE EJtLG'I'] 't~v YVWG't~ JtEQL:n:'tWGL /-tE 't~v
'AXQOJtOAL, oJto'U 01 JtaV'tEAoI; aOXE'tOL !-Ii 'tov IIOAL'tLG/-tO ToiJQXOL
~Gav ihOL/-tOL va. bLaAUGo'Uv 'tL xOAroVE 'toiJ IIaQ8Evrovo xat ot
QaxEvb'U'tOL xat JtELVaG/-tevOL "'EAA'I']VE JtQoG<peQ8'1']xav va. 'tou
bWGo'Uv ~oALa YLa. va. /-t~v xa'taatQe'\jJo'Uv 'tov 1EQo Nao.
MEQLXa. XQovLa :n:Qtv aJto ri]v 'EJtavuatam aQXLGaV va. bLVO'UV
ata. :n:aLbLU 'to'U QV0/-ta'ta aQxaLwv EMiJvwv HQwwv, <PLAOGo<pwv
xat IIOL'I']'troV. IIOAAot aAAa~av 'ta. XQLG'tLaVLXU 'to'U Qvo/-ta'ta /-tE
aQXaLOEM'I']VLXU. Au'to 'to YEYOVO aV'I']GUX'I']GE 'to IIa'tQLaQXElo. To
1819 a IIa'tQLuQX'I'] rQ'I']YOQLO E' X'UXAO<pOQ'I']GE E),XUXALO fJ a:n:oLa
EAEYE:
"Kat 1] xadx xalvo'Wf,liav ;raea 'Z'av'Z'a eloaxOe'ioa unv
;raAaunv eAA'Y/vLXwV ovof,la'Z'(J)v emrpwv'Y/at~ el~ 'Z'a {3a;rn~6f.lCva
{3eerp'Y/ 'Z'wv mmwv, w~ fJxovoaf,lev, Aaf,l{3aVOf,lev'Y/ wr; f,lia xa-rarpe6-
VrJat~ 'Z'ij~ XelOnavlxijr; ovof,la'Z'OOeoiar;, etVat Ol OAOV Q;;reoorpvi]c;
xat Q;vaef,lOo'Z'Oc; ".
182
MA8HMA 170v
Of 6L6u<J%aAOL Ol-too~ 'tOU rEVOU~ hovLt;,av: "na va pyfj 'to

rfVO~ 'tWV 'EAAT]VooV alto 'to <J%0'tU6L ltQEltEL va ltA'I']QocpoQ'I']8fj YLa
'tov~ ~QxaLou~ 'tou ~ocpou~". '0 Koov(J'tavnvo~ KavuQ'I']~ E1XE ESL
'YLOV~ %at I-tLa %oQ'I']. Kat btEL6~ ~8EAE 'ta ltm6LU 'tOU va t;,T]<Jouv <JE
f.u n EAEU8EQ'I'] 'EAAu6a 'tou~ 6oo<JE aQxaia 'EAA'I']vL%a QV0l-ta'ta:
NLxoAao~, eEl-tL<J'tO%Afj~, eQa<JupoUAO~, MLA'tLU6'1']~, Au%ouQYo~,
~QL(J'td6'1']~ xat MaQLa.
IToAU <J'I']l-tav'tL%O dvm on 0 ltal-tltov'l']Qo~ 'AAfj na<J<Ja~ 'twv
'IooavvLvoov, %u't'tut;,oV'ta~ 'tov '06u<J<JEa 'Av6Qou't<J0 %at'ta uAAa
ltUAA'I']%UQLU, SE<Jlta<JE:
- no. va <JE AEVE E<JEva '06u<J<JEa, %L uihov E%cl AEooVi,6u, %at 'tov
UAAO MLA'tLU6'1'], %at va pacp'ti,t;,W'tE I-tE Qv0l-tu'tU Oltoo~:
E>El-tL<J'tO%Afj~, ~Esav6Qo~, ~QL<J'td6'1']~, E, I-tltQE POOI-t'l']oi" <Jl.youQa
XUtL ltOAV I-tqUAe XEtE (J'to l-tuaM <Ja~.
Kat 0 KO<Jl-ta~ 0 AhooA.O~ I-tE ta 3.000 axOAEiu ltOU %'tL<JE <JE
OA'I'] 't~v 'EMU6u, 6EV %aVE 'tI.ltO'tE UAAO alto 'to va 'tOU~ savUcpEQ'I']
ltUAL ltl.<JOO 't~v Xal-tEV'l'] aVUl-tv'l']OL 'tfj~ f(J'tOQLa~ 'tOu~.
Tit %a~lha 'Coli 1821
':AltO 'ta 59 'Y6QuLL%a %aQupLu ltOU ltfjQav I-tEQO~ <J'tov ':Aywvu,

'tn 56 E1xav Qv0l-tu'tu aQxaLoov 8EWV %ut TJQoooov.
':AltO 'ta 45 ~E't<JL(l:m%a, 'ta 37 E1Xav Qv0l-tu'tu alto 't~v ~Qxal.a
'EAM6a.
'Alto 'ta 40 lJiaQLavu, 'ta 36 E1xav ~QxmoEAA'I']VL%a Qv0l-tam.
uOL%O dvm 0 %altE'tuvLO~ %U8E %aQapLou va ~SEQE 'tl. aV'tL-
JtQO<JOOltEUE 'to ov0l-ta 'tou %aQapLou 'tou %at dvm EltL<J'I']~ CPUOL%O
'to JtAT]Qool-ta 'tou %U8E %aQapLou va ~SEQE ltOLO~ ~'tav 0 'HQa%Afj~,
TJ 'A8'1']va, 0 eEl-tL<J'tO%Afj~ %.Alt. Elvm AOYL%O va <J%Ecp80ul-tE on,
(l'tav OL vaU'tL%OL I-ta~ <JuvaV'tLOV'tav I-tE UMa %aQupLa <J'ta ALl-tUvLa
%at EpAEltav 'ta Qvol-ta'ta 'twv UAAooV %aQapLwv, va Qoo'tOu<Jav 'to
%U8E ov0l-ta ltOLOV av'tLltQo<JooltEUEL' E'tOL <JUl-tltEQaLVoUl-tE O'tL of
Uv6QE~ 'tou Nau'tL%OU I-ta~ ~SEQav ltOAAa alto 't~v L<J'toQLa 'tfj~
ITa'tQL60~ 'tOu~ ...
183
a
8EMIrrOKAID: ll1tAoLa KOQ~e'tu -Nu'UuQXlhu TofJ.3ta~'t],

M1tQbu Me~'t], KOQf3hu
M1to'UvtovQ't], KQLE~fj %.a.
AEQNI~ 9 KOQf3hu Me~'t], M1tQL%L
HP.AKAF:D: 8 N. ~1tOO'tOA't], TofJ.3ta~'t] %.a.
EITAMEINQN~ 7 M1tQL%L KQLE~fj, M1tafJ.3tu %.a.
A8HNA 5 MLUOVA'tj, M1tQL%L ~uX'tovQ't],
N. Bo'tO'l'J %.a.
MIA'TI.AMll: 3 M1tQL%L KOUvtOUQLc.O't't],
KOQ~hu AaAeXou, MLUOVA't].
ATAMEMNQN 2 KOQ~hu M1tOUfJ.3tOUALvu~
M1tQL%L Tauf-Lul)ov.
APID: 2 NuuuQXLl)u MLUOVA't], M1tQL%L
Tauf-Lul)ov.
AXIAAETI 2 M1tQL%L r. 'OQMvl)ou, va~u 'tov
ThL%U M1to'tua't].
EPMID: 2 To vu U'tf-LO%LV't'J'tO.
KIMQN 2 MLUOVA't]. T. KQLEf-Lal)'t].
AYKOyprO~ 2 M1tQL%L 8. ~av'tou, M1tQLY-
%UvtLvL 'Al)QLUVOV ~ro't't]QLou.
IIOlliMQN 2 )>f IIoM%u 8. MOVAU. M1tQL%L.
~OAQN 2 r. IIavou.
1EP'PIXOPH 2 roAhu TofJ.3ta~'t]. M1tQL%L.
AITNA 1 ~vuyvc.OO't't'J ~'t]f-Luf-La.
AAEEAN.M>O~ 1 M1tQL%L B. M1to'UvtovQ't].
APa:rE~ 1
A.llIA.llA 1
APO~I1H 1
rOprQ 1 roAhu'tOv MQY't'J ~a~~u.
JA1:QN 1 M1tQL%L B. M1to'UvtouQ't].
KAEIQ 1
NHPETI 1
NIOBH 1
EENO<l>QN 1
184
MA9HMA 170v
IIEPI:KAID: 1 M3tQLXL ~v6Q. Xu'tt'l']uQyUQ'I'].

IIEPlli<J>ONH 1 MnQLXOAttU.
~QKPATm 1
<J> IAOKTlffID: 1
TO. aV(J}1;EQW ovollu'tu 03tW~ <pULVE'tat, avil"wuv OE IlEyaAu

xUQa~Lu. "OIlW~ bG'to~ a3to 'to. M3tQbGLU, 'tt~ rOAE'tE~ xut 'tt~
KOQ~E'tE~, {m'ijQXuv: 'tQEXUV'tTJQLU, OUXOM~E~, IlLO'tLXU, yUALO'tE~,
ll3toll3taQbE~, bQoIlWVE~ (va~E~), 3tOAaXE~, AEiixE~, XULXLU, Il3tQu-
'WEQE~ (IlEyaAu XULXLa), <PEAOiixE~ (~aQxE~), oxu!l3tu~LE~ (aXU'tOL),
(JuAoii3tE~, MV'tSE~, 3taouQE~ x.a.
e0 3tWObTJ3tO'tE U3t'ijQXUV xut 3tOMa aMu ovollum, 03tW~:
Y~PA (XOQ~E'tU), LQTHP (Il3tQLXL), EAAAL (a'tlloXLVTj'tO-
QEyabu), EAllIL, EPMHL (a'tlloXLVTj'tO), EIIIXEIPHLIL (a'tlloxL-
vTj'to), NHLOL TQN LIIETLQN, AKATAMAXHTOL, KAPTEPIA,
IIANATIA, x.a.
ey3taQXouv OIlW~ XUL:
EENA 1lA00A ME EAAHNIKl\ ONOMATA THN EIIOXH TOY 1821.
AAKYONH rUAALXO ALIA 'AYYALXO

AMAPAN8H MHL\EIA
APlITEIMfl: OL\YTI:ETI:
MNH IIAP8ENOITH
EPMOrENIn: EAENH PW<JLXO
HPA l(ATI'QP
lka: KQN/NO~
KAAYWQ THAEMAXO~
kAAAMINA APIMNH Au o'tQLUXO
mIPHNA NuuuQxt~ mIAHNO~
TPIAINA ~QKPA~
 IAO~OO~
"O'tuv Aomov ot "EAATjVE~ a3tEx'tTjoUV E3tU<p~ IlE 'to 3tUQEA8ov

'tou~, o'tuv 3tATjQo<poQTJ8TjxuV YLa 'tOu~ 'AQXULOU~ ~o<pou~ xut
185
<
"HQOOE~ 'tOU~, o'tav ot "EAA1]VE~ aVE%a.A1J'IjJaV JtOLOL ~oav, o'tav

%a'tEVV01]OaV JtOLOL ~oav, o'tav ~ 'ljJux~ 'tOU~ YE/lLOE <lJtO u'IjJ1]M~
tbEE~, aJto YEVVaLE~ JtQa.;EL~ AEU8EQOOV av8Qomoov, %aL (3Qfj%aV O'tL
alna av'taJtO%QLvov'tav aJtoAu'ta o'ta U'ljJ1]Aa tbaVL%a JtOlJ mt1]-
'to'Uoav, 'to'tE %aL /lOVOV 'to'tE ;w1]%w81]%av /lE aV't0yvoooLa YLa 't~v
'EAEu8EQLa 'tOU~ %aL JtavE<J'ta.'t1]Oav 'ljJuxfi 'tE %aL OW/la'tL YLa evav
'Aywva UJtEQ Boo/lwv %aL 'E<J'tLWV. na EAEY8EPIA ~ 8ANATO.
na /lLa ITa'tQtba JtOlJ ~'tav aJt' 'ta %O%%aAa (3yaA/lEV1] 'tWV
'EM~VOOV 'ta 'IEQa..
***
186
1
'~:-,~
I I
MA8HMA 170v
~IAtPOPA KEIMENA
ANAEPONTA BAPBAPIKA HeH KAI EeIMA
""'0 9a'Ullao't~ CPLAooocpia, bL 11V 'Ivbol. 9EOU EAA'I1VLXOU

ltg o<J1wvoilm, l:xv9aL 9an't0'Um 'tou an09avoV'ta, ou xa'teo9io'U-
aL. 8a'Ullat;0Ilev 't~v Kagveabo'U bvvallLV, d KAeL't0llaxov,
'Aabgov~av1 xaAovllevov ngo'tegov xal. KagX'l1MvLOV 'to YEVO,
H.A.'I1vit;eLv Enoi'l1oev. ea'Ullat;ollev 't~v bLagemv Z~vrovo, d
LlWyEV'l1V 'tov Ba~'UAoovLOV Enewe cpLAooocpei:v. 'AJ..M. 'AJ..Svb~o"
tilV 'AuLav E;t)J1~oi3vtO;, "OIl'l1go ~v avayvroolla, xal. IIegooov
xat l:o'UOLaOooV xat rebgrooirov naLbe 't<l EugLnibo'U xat
kocpoxMo'U 'tgaycpbia libov .. "
(IIAou1:CIQXou 'H8Lxa - IIEQL ~AEsav1)QOu TVXTJ ~ ~QE'tfj A I 5)
JtQ~A.: 'Iv1)LxT] 'AQQLavou -7 " ... 2'feea(}al M nal uov (}'YJ(}twv oaa
AOleV wlwcpayeovr:ar;, 1C(}tv "Ie /)iJ Lllovvaov B),,(}elV er; r:iJv xw(}av
rwv 'Iv/)wv". Kat: -0 LllovvaOr;- "1C(}Wr:OV !lev 1CafJaal r:ijr; a,u'YJ-
Aocpaytar; r:o r:wv av(}(}W1CWV yivor; ". (~L61). A' 14.1)2
"*
"Etol. be xal. UMaL negl. 't~v BgE't'tavLx~v VfjOOL... '!Egv'l1 ... IIegl.
~ oubev Exollev AEyeLv aacpE, nA~v O'tL aygLoo'tEgoL 'tooV
BgE't'tavoov fmagxo'UoLV ot xa'tOLxoilv'te au't~v, aV9gronocpacpm
Qv'te xal. nOA'UcpayOL, 'tOv 'te na'tEga 'teAe'U't~oaV'ta xa'tea9ieLv
EV XaAClJ 'tL9EllevOL xal. cpavegoo llioyea9aL taL 'te UAAaL. YVVaLt;t
xal. 1l'l1'tgam xal. abeAcpaL ... 'to ye 'tfj aV9gronocpayia xal.
kx'U9LXOV eLVUL AEye'tUL, xal. EV avayxUL nOALOgx'l1'tLxaL xal.
KeA'tOl. xal. "I~'I1ge xal. UAAOL ltAeio'U nOLfjOaL 'toil'tO MyoV'taL... "
(~'tQa~rov C 200)
1. KAEL'toflaxo~ 6 ~'tOOL%O~, JtQO'tEQOV ~o/)Q01J~a~, ouvEYQa'\jJE 400 qJLAoooqJL%a

~L~ALa! (Aw,,!. Aae(>7:w~)
2. uOJtoo~ aQY0'tEQa 6 'AMsav/)Qo~ %a'tEAuoE 'to ~a~lJAOOVLa%OV e8Lflov va
QLn'tOOV'tUL mou~ O%VAOlJt; ot ao8EVELt; xat ot yEQOV'tEt;. (~A. ~Ilavro~, Bv~.
187
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA6HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOnHL

,
"Tou~ C3E XaAC3aLOU~ ~EQL uatQOVOflLav ')Gal. ~Q6QQTJO'LV .

uoxoA.ei08m... ')Gal. OOLOV VOflLSELV flTJtQL il 8uyatQL flLyvua8m, ro~ EV
EL')GOcrt<l> tQLtCP <pTJaLv 0 ThltLWV".
(LJwyevru; Aaeer:wq, ElaayOJyiJ 6-7)
"ITeQaaL flEV oU')G a'to~pv ~YOUVtaL 8uyatQL flLyvua8aL,

"EAATJVE~ C3' ')G9ECJp.WV, ')Gal. MaaaaYEtm fJ,iv, oo~ <PTJOL ')Gal. EUC3o~o~
EV tfi ~Qcbtn tfj~ ITEQLOC3ou, ')GOLva~ EXOUOL 'ta~ yuvai')Ga~, "EUTJVE~
C3' OU" .
"H ITapUa~tLC tOV ~Qta~EQ~TJv,

" ... yTJflUL 'tTJv ')GoQTJv (autou) E~ELaE ')Gal. YVTJaLaV u~oC3E~aLL
yuvai')Ga, xaLQELv Maavta M~a~ "EUTJVWV ')Gal. v6flOU~.. "
(IlAovr:aexov, 'AQr:aseQS1jq 23)
"OUC3EVI. 'EUTJvwv, ~Qo~ tQ6~ou, ~aQ~aQa E~aa')GEiv il8TJ."

(CfJtlomQar:ov 'A.n:OAAWVWq XX)
(.n:QfJL nal r:iJv Qijat r:ov Ilavaavla, or:av f-tEr:a rf/v Vln1j mlq IlAar:atl:q
ra
r:ov .n:eor:uvav va a:tlftaaOij 7:0 vEnQov awf-ta r:ov MaQdovlov: " 1tflE-
1tEt PauPti{Jot; pIi.Uov ij "E)J.quLV ").
'''OaLQt{}Of:. ~LVOTJa~!lEvou ')Gal. t~V ')GatEQyaaLav twV ')GaQ~wv,

~C3ew~ flEtae-id8m ~a~ta~ t~V 'tQo<P~v C3La tE t~V ~C3ov~v tfj~
<puaEw~ tWV EUQE8EvtWV ')Gal. C3La to <patvea8m <JU!l<peQo'V u~aQXELv
u~EXEa8m tfj~ ')Gat' UUTJAWV oofl6tTJto~. "
. (LJuJd. ImEAWJ7:1j1; A I 14)
"'i\.~LatWV C3E <pmvoflEvwV ~oUoi~ twv eLQTJflEVWV ')Gal. flu8OL~

~aQa~ATJaLwv, ~oU<l> ~aQaC30~6tEQa <pavTJaEtm ta flEta tauta
QTJ8TJa6flEva. ALfl<l> yaQ ~OtE ~ELSOflEVWV ')Gat' Atyum6v <paOL ~OA
AOU~ UAATJAWV flEVrlhjJaa8m C3LCt 't~v EvC3ELav, tWV C3' U<pLEQWflEVWV
S<!?wv, to ~aQa~a~, flTJC3' ahLav OXEiv flTJC3Eva ~QoaEVTJVEx8m."
(LJuJd. ImEAtW7:1jq A I 84)
188
MA6HMA 170v
II~YQLOO'ta:toov 6' oV'toov 'trov fmo 'tel~ uQx'tou~ xa'tOLxouV'tOOV

xai. 'trov 'tfj ~XUeL(l JtATJOLOXc.OQoov, qJaoL 'tLva~ aveQc.OJtou~ EOeLeLV,
&aJtEQ xaL 'trov BQE't'tavrov 'tOu~ xa'tOLxoilV'ta~ 'ti]v ovo!lato!J.EvTJv
'lQLv. II ,
(Llt6d. 2mBA.tdn:T]q E' 32,3)
"Xa~aQTJVOL: EeVO~. EMo;o~ JtQc.O't(P yfj~ JtEQL060u, OVO!lutov-

'taL YelQ xaL Xa~aQTJvoL ot JtEQL XaM~oov OtXOilV'tE~, ot 'trov
~EVLXroV YUVaLxrov, c1v 1:ooo~ YEVOOV'taL XUQLOL, 'tOU~ 'tL'teOU~ cb!lOU~
EaeLOU<JL, 'tel 6e JtaL6La Xa'tEUOOxoil<JL ".
(2drpavoq Bv~aV1:wq '''E" 7:wv'E(}vmwv", a. 676. 'E"d. I'eweyuidT])
"KilQo~ 0 'ti]v Mi)6oov aQxi]v !lE'tao'ti)oa~ d~ IIEQoa~, EV 'tLVL

o'tQa'teL(l JtEQLATJqJeE~ EV EQi)!lC!J Xc.OQ(l xat JtUO'tJ OJtUVEL 'trov avay-
XULOOV, ~AeE !lev EJtt 'tou~ EcrxU'tOU~ xLvMvou~, 6Lel 'ti]v Ev6etav 'tfi~
'tQoqJfj~ avayxatO!lEVOOV 'trov o'tQa'tLoo'trov aAAi)Aou~
oaQxoqJaYELv... II
(Llwd.2mBA.. Bt{3A.. IZ'81, 1.)
"ME'tel 6e 'ti]v EQfi!loV av6QoqJUYOL otXEOU<JL, EeVO~ EOV 1:6LOV

xoMa!lro~ ~XUeLXOV".
(He. 4. 18. 106)
"O'tE 0 Ka!l~uOTJ~ E~uM~E xa'tel 'trov AtewJtoov...

II EJtd E~ 'ti]v 'ljJU!l!lOV aJtLxoV'to, 6ELVOV EQYOV 'tLve~ au'trov EQYU-
oaV'to' EX 6Exu60~ YelQ Eva OqJEOOV au'trov aJtoXATJQc.OoaV'tE~ xa'tE-
I qJayov... 0 Ka!l~"oTJ~ 6ELoa~ 'ti]v aMTJAoqJayLTJv ... OJtLOOO EJtOQEUE-

'to... JtOAAOU~ MoMoa~ 'toil O'tQa'toil II
(Heod. r25)
MaooayE'taL:.""&:EelV '6e YEQOOV YEVTJ'taL ('t~) xUQ'ta, ot JtQocriJ-

XOV'tE~ ot JtUV'tE~ OUVEAeOV'tE~ , OL !lLV, xat uMa JtQo~a'ta <l!la
au't<p, E'ljJi)oaV'tE~ 6e 'tel xQEa a'tEuooxEOV'taL. Tail'ta !lEV, 'tel OA~Lc.O
'ta'tu OqJL VEVO!lLO'taL, 'tOY 6e vouoC!J 'tEAEu'ti)oaV'ta ou xa'ta<JL'tEov-
'tal aJ..:AiJ. Yfi xQuJt'tOUCJL... i,
(Heod. A' 216)
189
061
(P9,V'fJ90H) ~. .
~"13a)3QOU~ ~Q A~"(l>d>3% A~1 '''13A)U1i~ S01l>ri1l>
Q,01 'SU9l,t%~ O~A~ U"(~9l>.ll>% l>0QAI' A~1Q?OU AC?1 A~3UH."
(9l,J 'fJ9 0H)
'(ITiOl,t%3A '''(ltQ) "l>10~A31. ~1 ~tL. 03U ~.ll>% '13~OU
01Q,01101l>U ~Q SIl>n m.lA.3e1100U l>11l>Q 'l>~0% ~1 l>.lA.~U ~Q S3.lA.l>~
-J3ril>A~ 'l>~AOl. l>1Q?3A931 AC?1 1l>% 10(toAri~1l>.ll>% S3A9QUo0I."
(lOr '66,J 'fJ9 0H) r-
,) ,,'1c!tOJ91V A.010~"(unOl>U 1l>% S3.lA.~U A010ri9
l>riQ?oX C?1 1l>% 'A.('I)1~900U AQ?1 03U ~1l>% 1.l0~ S~Al>d>ri~ 'A001A~U
l>~3"(~.ll>% AQ?1 AQ?QAI. AQ?1 A001l,t01 ~Q S1~3W m.lA.0~XOOct3.ll>% 531
-Al>0l,t9 'AOAari9%1U~ Sl>o!JA S~ AC?~ m.lA.0~XOOct31l>% S3.lA.l>A)31%OU~
'o~~ 31 A~ ~M 31 A~ 'AQ?.lO~ AQ?1 Uri~% AI' 59 '''101l>Ql>n ~Q m.lA.O
-~"(l>% 'AQ?ri.103Q~ AQ?30% "'S3Q~rioA "AQ?QAI. AQ?1 ~Q 10"('(Y,."
(8[ ,J 'fJ9 0H)
,,''')OctU A13)l>%l>1l>% Sl>0~1l>U SQ.01Sl>.lA.Q?1ct3,,(31
'AI' 013)l>~3Q l.ll>riljox 1A)1 1U~ (l>A3ri91.3"( ~1 A001A9Al>9Al>ri
SO~AUriO~ .1Q 1l>%) AOOA~,,(,,(H, AQ?1 AOO.lA.930l>U 013013 '10ctO)903.ll>%
5l>~Aol. SQ.01 10 'Sl1l>"("(l>)I (AQ?QAI.) SQ.01 Sl>O~l>% SOI30l>V"'"
(5vw.ao~)
,,A.itOal}A~ S001Q-0 1l>% AOAm~~Q Sl>%O~O S~1 ~1U3"(
X?1l>% 1l>% A003d>~000U S3.1AOl,t3M~ AOA~~ Al13l>1U~ ~.ll>% 1l>%
'MOAl,t%3000U A~"(l>d>3% ctOA9. A!J.OctOX 119 AlOud> A~ 'AOO)l>QctOI.
1>
103 U,9 5101"(919 A~ ~%1.l%l>~ '59% 100101 9 S0110%9 ri l>V"
(8 '51oVFi9.L aoamxaov)
" Sl>.lA.9Al>90ln} Sl>0~1l>U SQ.0110ctO)903.ll>%
119 1l>% "'Sl,t01g,l> Sl>1A9. Scto)M~ 1l>% SctOA~~~'''" :(Sl>9l,t%~)
~HnUVJ :rH>lINHVV3 :rVIVXdV VIVII\IH9VII\I HJUJV H>lINHW3
MA9HMA 170v
---------------------------------------------------
"~vbQo<paYOL M ... VO!labE~ ELaL, EaSfjta <POQEOUOL tfj ~XUSLXfj
O!lOLT]V, YJiiJaaav bE LbLT]V, avSQoono<paYEouOL bE .. "
(Heod. LI' 106)
"SavSo~ b' EV toi~ AubLaxoi~, Ka!l~AT)ta <PT)OL tov ~aOLAEu

aavta Auboov, nOAu<payov YEvEaSaL xai nOAunotT)V, EtL M yaatQL-
!luQYov. Toutov o-ov notE vuxto~ t~V eautou yuvaixa XataxQE-
O'UQyiJaavta xata<paYEiv, EnELta nQooi efJQovta t~V XEiQa tfj~
YUVaLXO~ Evouaav EV tep mO!latL, eautov anoa<pat;aL, nEQL~oiJtOU
tfj~ nQat;EOO~ YEVO!lEVTJ~."
('A(h7vaw~ Llet.nvoa. 2.2. 25)
"at KaQXT)MvLOL.. Eni t~V nOALv tOOV ~xQayavtLVoov ... XatE-

<JXov tOV {mEQ tfj~ nOAEoo~ AO<pOV, toV ~SiJVaLOV !lEv oVO!lat,O!lE-
vov ... 'I!lLAXa~ bE xai ~vvL~a~ ot tOOV KaQXTJboVLOOV mQatT)YoL..
86. naQiJYYELAav toi~ atQatLcbtaL~ xaSaLQEiv ta !lviJ!lata xal
XW!lata XataaXEuat,ELV !lEXQL tOOV tELXOOV.. taxil bE EVEnE<JEV EL~ to
atQatonEbov nOAA~ bELOLbaL!lOvLa ... ijYYEAAOV tLVE~ bLa VUXtO~
ELbooAa <paLvEaSaL toov tEtEAEUtT)XOtoov. 'I!lLAXa~ bE SEOOQOOV ta
nAiJST) bEL<JLbaL!lovouvta, nQootov !lEV Enauaato xaSaLQoov ta
fLvT)fLEia, !lEta bE tauta LXEtEuE toil~ SEoil~ xa1;a to natQLov ESO~,
tep !lEV KQovcp naiba a<paYLaaa~ ... "
(Llwd. LlUeA.. IT', 85)
"KA.dtaQXo~ M <PT)OL toil~ I>oLvLxa~ ... 'tov KQovov 'tLfLoovta~ ..

{mEQ xQL~avou xaAxou EXXaLeLV'to naLbLov."
(Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker, 137, F9)
51. "'Ev tau'tTIOL 'tfjOLV "!lEQTIOL xai raAAoL* YLYVOvtaL' EnEav

yaQ OL aAAOL aVAeOOaL 'tE xal oQYLa nOLEoovtaL, E~ nOAAoil~ ijbT) "
!laVLT) amxvEE'taL.. xa'taAet;oo M xai ta nOLEouOLv' 0 vET)viT)~, (hcp
tabE anoxEa'taL, QhjJa~ 'ta EL!la'ta, !lEyaATI ~ofj E~ !lEaoV EQXE'taL
xal t;L<pO~ aVaLQEE'taL' 'ta bE nOAAa Etw, E!lol bOXEEL, bLa 'tou'tO
ea'tT)XE. Aa~rov bE aVtLxa 'ta!lVEL eoou'tov, SEEL 'tE btU 'tfj~ nOALo~
xai 'tfjOL XEQat <PEQEL 'ta E'tafLEv. 'E~ oxoiT)v M OLxiT)v 'tabE anoQQi-
'4JEL, EX 'tau'tT)~ EaSfj'ta 'tE ST)AeT)V xal xoa!lov 'tov YUVaLxfttov Aa!l-
~avEL. TabE !lEV EV 'tfjaL 'to!lfjOL nOtEOUaLV...
191
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!HL
58. "EO'tL M xal aAA1J~ 9UOL1J~ 'tQoJto~ 'tOwcraE O't(hjJa'V'tE~ tn

tQ~La, ~ooa. EX 'tWV JtQoJtuAaLoov aJtLcltn ... EVLOL be
xal Jtai()a~
eoou'twv E'V'tEU9EV UJtLclOLV, oux OIlOLOO~ 'toi~ X't~VEOLV, aU' E~ Jt~Q1Jv
Ev9BIlEVOL XELQl xa'tuyouOLV, alla M au'tBOLOLv BJtLXEQ'tOIlBOV'tEC
MyouOLv O'tL ou JtaibE~, aUa. ~OE~ EtOt.
59. ~'tL~O'V'taL M JtU'V'tE~ ot IlEV E~ xaQJt01)~, ot bE E~ auxeva~,
xal aJto 'toME aJta'V'tE~ ~OOUQLOL 0't'4!I!QT1i'6~f6tJ9(,.."
('g~ JtQo~ 'ta.~ 'ta<pu~:) " .. 0 IlEv "EU1Jv ExauoEv, 0 M IIBQ01J~

E9mjJEv, 0 M 'IvM~** UUAql JtEQLXQLeL, 0 M ~xue1J~ xa'tEo9LeL, 'taQL-
XEUOEL bE 0 AtyUJt'tLO~ oii'to~ ~v yE (Myoo b' tbcbv) ;1JQuva~ 'tov
VEXQOV ;UVbELJtVOV xal ;U!l3to't1Jv EJtOL~oa'tO JtoUux~ bE xal bEO-
~Vql XQ1J!J.U'toov avbQl AtyuJt'tLql, EAUOE ri)v aJtoQLav, EVBXUQOV, ~
o abEA<po~ ~ 0 Jta't~Q, EV XaLQcp YEVO!lEVO~. "
(Aovutavoq, IIeetlciv(}ovq, 21)
***
*"nUAOL: 1j WtO r<iA.A.o'IJ 'tof! l1:o'tUlloU, ~mJXro QeoV'to, 1j O'tL !J.E:'t<l3t-
3t'tc.O'X,UOLV EL heQuv qJVOLV.
IIuQOLlliu: "yaA.A.LO'tL'tE!J.ELV". (IxoA.ta)
** 'Ivl)oL o'IJy'X,u'tU'X,UiO'IJOLV o'tuv 'tEAE'IJ't~OroOLv, 'tWV YVVaL'X,wv 'tilv

3tQooqJLAEO'tu'tf)v. '
(NmoA.uoq moe. Frg142)
192
- MA8HMA 170v
Ka:ta 't~v btLbQoll~V 'tWV raA.a'tWV EL~ ~V 'EA.A.aba uno 'tov BQEVVOV,
Et~ 't~V AhroA.Lav:
"rEvo~ flEV yE rtuV E;Exo'ljJav 'to aQOEV, xal6floLw~ YEQOV'tE~ 'tE
xal 'ta. v~ma Ertl 'tWV fl'lJ'tEQWV 'to~ flaO'toL~ EqJOVEUOV'tO' 'to'lJ'twv be
xal 'ta. urtO 'toil yUA.ax'to~ mo'tEQa artox'teLVOV't~ ErtLVOV 'tE 01.
faA.aWL mil aLflam~ xal 1Jrt'tOV'tO 'twv oaQxwv ... xal aom f1V 'twv
yvvmxwv WL~ flaxaLQm~ 'twv faA.a'twv ErtE'tUyx.avov, alhoXELQL~
'ta.~ 'ljJ'UXa.~ ~qJLeoav' 'taL~ be ou flE'ta. rtOA:U UrtUQ;ELV 'to XQEWV EflEA.-
J...EV 1J 'tE aOL'tLa xal tl a'UrtVLa, ~aQ~uQwv EX bLaboxi\~ aJ...A.~J...OL~
V~QL~OV'tWV' ot be xal aqJLeLOm~ 'ta.~ 'l\l'UXu~, 01. be xal ijb'lJ VExQaL~,
O'UVEYLyOV'tO aflW~."
'(I1avaavia~ c]Jwxtxa 22, 3-4.)
"TailQoL, OX'U8LXOV E8vo~, 'tOL~ ~aot.A.EilOL 'toiJ~ EUVO'UO'tu'to'U~

'twv qJLJ...WV o'Uyxa'ta8Urt't0'UOLV. '0 be ~aOLA.EU~, art08avov't0~
qJLJ...O'U, ij flEQO~ ij 'to aJ...ov arto'tEflvEL Ol'tLOV, rtQo~ 't~v a;Lav 'toil
LEJ...E'U't~oaV'to~.
... KoJ...Xoi. be 'tOiJ~ 'tEA.E'U't~oav'ta~ ou 8Urt'tO'UOLV, ana.
XQEflWOLV ano MvbQwv."
(Ntx6AaO~ lawe. :An6an.118, 123)
a
"IToAJ...a. b' EO'ti. 'twv Eevwv rtQO~ 'to X'teLVELV xai. rtQo~ 't~v
a
av8QWrtOqJaYLav EUXEQW~ EXEL, J...'lJO'tLXa. flEV EO'tLV, avbQELa~ b' ou
!!E'tEt.A.~qJaOLV ... "
(AetoTOl'liAOV~ IIoAl1:txa, 1339a.)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. f' XA.LOL~ -MOV'tLx6J...'lJX'ta

('turt'lJ~, EA.A.'lJV~, OQVL~)
naQuYQ. 80, rQalllla't. TI;aQL~uvoU.
2. MEo'lJ <l>wv~.
'OQLO'tLX~ 'toil AVOJ1aL
'EVEO'tOO~, ITaQa'ta'tLxo~, MEA.A.wv, ~OQLO'tO~.
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!H!
En;Arnm En; TON 90YKYMAH

(i\:no'to :no'V'l1!-ta 'toil H. 'HALoil, "To fJ:ljvVftU roiJ eovxvotO'f]")
IIeoAeyoJu:va
"'0 eo'U'X'UM61)~ eIVaL 0 :nQo)'to~ (J'tov 'Xoo!-to LO'tOQL'XO~ :nov

:naQa!-tQLOE 'tov !-tileo 'XaL 't~V aVE'X60'toAoYLa o't~v 'Io'toQLa.
EL'XOOL XQovLa :nEQt:nO'U :nQOYEVO'tEQO~, 0 'HQ060'tO~ xaQa'X't1)QL~E
'taL oav ":naQa!-t'Uea~" 'Xal. /3aAAE'taL E!-t!-tEoa a:no 'tov r6LO 'tov
eo'U'X'U6~61), 0 O:nOLO~, !-tE dQrovELa, avayvroQL~EL O'tL -'Xa'taMIAro~ of:
aV'tLeW1) !-tf: 't~v 'Io'to(>La 'toil 'HQoM'to'U - 'ta :nEQLo'ta'tL'Xa :nov
au'to~ 0 r6LO~ aqJ1)YEL'taL ~~~ 'Io'toQLa -to'U, "'E; JleV axeoamv W(l)~
ro Jl'YJ Jlv()woe~ avrwv areeneareeov qJave'lrat. "Oam oe fJovA1jaov-
rat rwv re yevoJlevwv ro aaqJe~ axone'lv xat rwv JleUovrwv nore
eJ:V()t; xadx ro av()ewmvov rowvTwv 'tat naeanA'f]atwv eaea()at,
wqJeAtJla xetvew aVi<i aexovvrw~ e~et. Krijpa t, alei W'iAAov if
aywvwJla e~ ro naeaxeiJJla axovew ~vyxetrat ./. ..
'0 eO'U'X'U6(61)~, yovo~ aQxoV'tL'Xfj~ ot'XoYEvda~ 'tOOV 1\e1)VOOv,
dXE :nQOOQLOEL 'tov ea'U'to 'to'U YLa 't~ 6LOL'X1)01) 'tOOV 'XOLVOOV.
~'tQa't1)Yo~, :nOAL'tL'XO~ 'XaL <p'LAO~ 'toil IIEQL'XAfj ('tov O:noLO qJLA060-
~oilOE va 6La6Exefj roro~) <'iv, !-tE'ta 't~v ~'t'ta o't~v 1\!-tqJL:rtOA1) 6f:V
avay'Xa~o'tav va Ad'\jJ1) YLa EL'XOOL 0XEMv XQOVLa a:no 't~V 1\eitva,
6f:V ea 'YQaqJE au'to 'to aQLO'tOUQY1)!-ta :nov eIVaL ~ Lo'tOQLa, ~
6'Uo't'UXoo~ ~!-tL'tEAit~, 'toil IIEAo:nOV'V'I'JOLa'Xoil :n0A!-t0'U.
'0 eO'U'X'U6(61)~ EYQa'\jJE 't~V U:n06ELY!-ta'tL'X~ Lo'tOQLa, :nou 'tOV
'Xa'ta~LrooE oav :nQOO'tO EqJaQ!-tOo't~ 'tfj~ E:7tLO't1)!-tOVL'Xfj~ !-tEeMo'U
O't~V LO'tO(1)01) 'tOOV :nQa~Erov aveQw:nrov 'Xal. 'XQa'toov, :nou E~O/3AL
OE a:no 't~V LO'tOQLa 'XaeE 'tL 'to "!-t'UeOO6E~", 'XaeE 'tL :nou a'Xo'Uyo'tav
YLa 't~V 6Lao'X6ao1) 'tOOV a'XQoa'toov.
'0 901Jx'UlH,l)t)S YLO~ 'toil 'OAOQO'U 'Xal. 'tfj~ 'HY1JOL.1tUA1)~, o'UY-

YEV~~ 'toil MLA'tLa61), eIXE !-tEyaAa 'X'tit!-ta'ta - xal. !-tE'taMELa XQ'UOOU-
O't~V eQax1).l
1. "eOUXU<,)L<')Tj~ ... xal otxLa~ !lyaATj~ ~v xal eMvm;o ,reya ev'tfi lt01..EL xal ev
'tor~ <'iMOL~ "EMTjOLV... " (IIM'toovo~ Mevoov. 34)
194
- MA9HMA 170v
ElxE 6aox(lA.0'U~ 'tov 'AvasayoQa xat 'tov 'Av'tupoov'ta. 'R

6L6aXlJ 'toil ~vasayoQa 'tov U:n:~AAaSE U:n:O 'tlJV :n:im't') o'tt~ 8Q't')-
a%E'U'tLXf:~ :n:QOA~'ljJEL~ xat O'toiJ~ flu8o'U~. To to'tOQLXO xat XOL'VW-
'VLXO YLY'VE08aL OCPELAE'taL xa'tel 'tov 80'Ux'U6L6't') of: CP'UOLXel aL'tLa xat
OXL of: :n:aQEfl~cloEL~ 8EOOV xat of: 8auflaw. ~'UXVf:~ dVaL ot :n:EQL-
xo:n:f:~ 0:n:0'U xa'tel Xcl:n:OLO 'tQo:n:o ELQWVEUE'taL 'to "fl'U8oo6E~" :n:oiJ
XQ't')OLflo:n:OLEL O'UXVel 0 'HQo60'to~.
ot :n:A't')QOCPOQLE~ fla~ YLel 'tlJV ~WlJ 'toil 80'Ux'U6L6't') ELVaL ALYO-
OtE~. IIEQLooo'tEQa OtOLXELa :n:aQExov'taL u:n:o 'to L6LO 'to XELflEVO
toil 80'Ux'UM6't'). cI>aLvE'taL, u:n:o 'tlJV o'Ufl:n:aQa~oAlJ 6LacpoQwv
XWQLWV 'toil EQY0'U 'toil 80'Ux'U6L6't'), O'tL 'to 424 ~wv 'tOUAaXLO'tOV 30
EtOOV, ucpoil dXE ovofla08fj O1:Qa't't')Yo~. Kat 'to m8avo'tEQo ElvaL O'tL
YEV'V~8't')XE :n:Qtv u:n:o 'to 460. "R6't') u:n:o 'to 431( uQXlJ
IIEAo:n:o'V'V't')OLaxoil :n:OAeflO'U) u:n:ocpaoL~EL vel YQcl'ljJ't') 'tlJv to'toQi.a
ta'U xat UQXL~EL UflEOW~ 'tlJ O'UAAoyi] O'tOLXELWV xat :n:A't')QOCPOQLOOV.
'AQQwo'taLvEL u:n:o 'tov AOLflO 'toil 430. To 424, oo~ o'tQa't't')Yo~,
~'t'ta'taL u:n:o 'tov ~:n:aQ'tLcl't't') BQaoi.6a o'tlJV ~flcpi.:n;oA't').
ot ~8't')vaLOL 'tov 'tLflooQ't')oav xat ESOQL~E'taL E:n:t ELXOOL XQovLa,
w~ 'to 'tEAO~ 'toil :n:OA.EflO'U. ilel 'tlJV 'tLflwQLa au'tlJ xQa'tclEL {J:ltEQ~cpa
'V1] OLY~, 6f:v Ex6't')AOOVEL :n:cl80~ Evav'tLov 'toil KAEwvo~, :n:oiJ 'tov
&:6LX1]OE, OU'tE U:n:OAOYEL'taL flEoa o'to oUYYQaflflcl 'to'U. 'E:n:LO'tE'UE
atlJv u8WO't1]'tcl 'to'U xat 'toil ~'tav UQXE'tO. Au'to a.QflO~E o'tlJV
&:QLO'toxQa'tLx~ 'to'U cpuo't'), 01:0 EUYEVLXO xat U'ljJ1]McpQov ~80~ 'to'U.
Mf: flOVLfl1] e6Qa 'tel x't~fla'tcl 'to'U o'tlJV ~xa:n:'tlJ 1)A1], o'tlJ
E>QclX1], 0:n:0'U ~QLoxo'V'tav xat 'tel flE'taAAELa 'to'U, dVaL cpavEQo O'tL
Y'UQi.~EL xat OE clAAa 8Ea'tQa 'toil :n:OAEflo'U (IIEAO:n:OVV't')oo xat
:ltL8avoo~ ~LxEALa, 'haALa xat UAAOil) YLel va O'UMES1] xat va XclV't')
ESaxQL~oooEL~. ruQL~EL o'tlJV ~8~va 'to 404:n:.x. flE'ta 'tlJV :n:'tOOO1]
'tOOV TQLclxo'V'ta 't'UQclWWV, flE 'ljJ~cpLofla 'tOil otVO~LO'U. 8Ai.~EWL YLa
tlJV xa'tE6clcpw't') 'toov 'tELXOOV, UAAa xat YLa 'tlJ 6Lacp80Qa 'COOV
:n:OAL'tOOV. SavaYUQi.~EL o't.., 8 QclX't') , 0:n:0'U O'UVEXL~EL 'tlJ o'l}YYQacp~,
:n:oiJ 6f:v 6LaxomE'taL :n:aQa u:n:o 'tov 8clva'to 'to'U (flE'tasiJ 399 xat
396). !'!.EV dXE :n:QOAa~EL va ESLO'tOQ~OT] 'to. Ema 'tEAE'U'taLa XQovLa
'toil IIEAo:n:O'V'V't')OLaxoil :n:OAEflO'U (411 ew~ 404). 'E'tclCP't') o'tlJV
'A8~va. '0 'tclCPO~ ECPEQE 'tlJv EmYQacp~, "eovxvo{d'fJ~ 'O}"O(}OV
195
tq
~l,UOVaLO~ evOaoe Xei7:al ".

~reo 'to YEYOVOr; O'tL 'to H' ('tEAE'U'tUtO) BLBALo 'tfjr; LO"toQiur; 'to'U
ELVaL (l't'l1f.LEA'I1'tO, a'Uvuyo'UV O'tL ~UVU&OUAE'UE 't~V La'toQiu 'to'U, EvW
reUQuAA'I1AU reQoXOOQouaE O"t~V E~LO"tOQ'I1a'l1 xul. O'tL &ev reQoAuBE va
~uvu60'UAt'ljJ'I1 'to 'tEAE'U'tu'Io BLBAi.O. 'AreEvUv-rLar;, 'to EB60f.L0 BLBALO
EXEL avuyvooQLa8fj aav evu aQLa'tOUQY'I1f.LU 'tou reE~Ou A.6Yo'U, 'to
reQw'to xU'ta 'tov MUXOOAEV,l avoo'tEQo areo 'tov "ITEQI. O"tEqJUVO'U"
A.6yo 'tou ~'I1f.LOa8EV'I'). To avuX'I1QuaaEL aav 'to "axQov aoo'tov" 'tfjr;
av8QooreiV'l')r; 'tEXV'l1r;. fia 'to L&LO eB60f.L0 .BLBAio; 0 ITAOU'tUQXor; O"tov
Bio 'tou NLXiu 'to XUQuX't'l1Qi~EL af.Lif.L'I1'tO.
'0 80'Ux'U6i6'11r;, 60XLf.LU~0v-rUr; 'tov reE~o A.6yo a't~v a6Laf.LoQ-
qJoo't'l1 axof.Lu aQxuLu ~'t'tLX~ YAwaau,2 f.LE'taXELQi.~E'taL 'to oii&E'tEQO
'twv f.LE'tOXWV av-rl. 'tou aqJ'I1Q'I1f.LEvO'U oumuO"tLxou ('to 6E6LOr;, 'tov
En:L8'Uf.Louv) xu8wr; Ereia'l1r; xul. E~oo'tEQLxa a'toAi6LU 'tfjr; qJQua'l1r;
(taoxooAu, Of.LOLO'tEAE'U'tU, reuQ'I1xi]aELr;).Ku'ta xuvovu axo'tELVOr;,
XUQUX't'l1QL~E'taL areo 'tov KLXEQOOVU obscurus. '0 ~'I1f.LOa8EV'I')r; 'tov
Ef.LEAe't'l1aE reoAu. Tov av-rEYQU'ljJE ox'tw qJoQer; xUL 'tov Ef.Lu8E areo
f.Lvtlf.L'I1r;
"nui~ UAWV eovxvotorJ~, aXrJxow~ eXAuvae TWV aVYYf!af.lf.la-
o
Taw, 0 'Hf!6oom~ gJrJa't Jt'aTf!' Tovmv ""OAOf!e 1rU~ 0 ao~ 1jJVX:YIV
exel. "
NEaQor; ax0f.L'I1 0 8o'Ux'U6i6'11r; reUQEO"t'l1 Etr; avuyvooaLV 'tf.Li]f.LU-
'tOr; 'tfjr; 'Ia'toQiur; 'tou 'HQ060't0'U xul. 'toao a'UyxLvi]8'11XE wa'tE
MUXQ'UOE. BAtreov-rur; 'tOv, 0 'HQ060't0r; ELreE a'tov reU'tEQU 'tou
80'Ux'U6i60'U 'tov "OAOQO:
""!} "OAOf!e, Of!yd ~ gJVOl~ ToiJ vloiJ aov 1rf!o~ TlZ f.luOqf.lum ".
tv"( "
1. ~VYXEXQL!livro~ 6 Makaulay exEL YQ(l1j1EL O'tL ~ nEQLYQaqJ~ unoxroQ~oEro~ 'twv
~8'tlvai.rov EX ~vQaxovoWv, ELvm 'to UV1JnEQ~A'tl'tOV tij~ uv8QronlVT]~ 'tEXVT]~.
2. 'IbLaL'tEQa yvroQLO/La'ta 'tfj~ uQxaLa~ ~"LXfj~ ELvaL: 6 ax'tl!La'tLO!.I.()~ 'tOU
nA'tl8vV'tLXOU 'twv 'tQL'tOXAL'troV oe "'tl~" (ma'tmfj~, MEyaQfj~, AroQLfj~,
'Innfj~, ~xaQvfj~, uV'tt ma'taLE~, AroQLEi:~, MEyaQEi:~, 'mnE~, ~xaQvE~),
ot nQo8EoEL~ "suv, e~" uV'tt "aUv, Ei,(;", 'to "atet" (x'tfj!La e~ awt) xat!Lul
OELQU CiIJ.e~, eAU(PQe~ mlV'to'tE bLaqJOQE~ Uno 't~v VEOl'tEQ'tl 'A"LX~.
196
MA8HMA 170v
AITIA KAI A.OPMAI

TOY llEAOllONNHI:IAKOY llOAEMOY
Ai'un
KUQLOV at'nov f) ~QOaLOOVLa Ex9Qa ~~a.Q'tTJ~ -~9TJvoov xat f)

6"A.oEV au;aVOIlEVTJ va'U'tLXTJ MvallL~ tij~ ~9i]va~.
L'leV1:eeeVOV7:a atna:
1. eH a~oa'taaLa 't'i'j~ 'Em6a.llvo'U (~'UQQa.XLOV) a~o 'tTJV
KEQx'UQa, ~ou ~'tav a~OLxLa 't'i'j~ KOQLV9o'U. ot ~9TJvaLOL E~Ai
xoV'taL miJv 6LaqJoQa..
2. eH a~oa'taaLa 't'i'j~ IIo'tL6aLa~ (XaAxL6LXTJ) a~o 'tTJV
'A9TJvaLXTJ <J'UllllaxLa. TTJv pOTJ90uv ot KOQLV9LOL sTJ'tooV'ta~ <J'UYXQo-
V())~ 'tTJV EVLax'UaLv 'tOOV ~~aQ'tLa'toov, E~L<JTJllaLvov'ta~ 'tov E;
'A9TJvoov, YL<l OATJ 'tTJV IIEAo~ovvTJao, au;avollEvo xLv6'Uvo.
3. ~LaqJoQat 't'i'j~ vi]ao'U ~a.llo'U IlE 'tTJV MLATJ'tO. ~~Eu6o'Uv ot
'A9TJvaLoL.
1. IIQEapda 'tOOV ~aQ'tLa'toov mTJv 'A9i]va STJ'tEL: VEOV xa9aQ-

Ilov a~o 'to "K'UAOOVELOV ayo~". ~'tTJV ouaLa a~olla.xQ'UvaL 'tOU
IIEQLxMo'U~ a~o 'tTJV ~9i]va, aqJou a~o 'tTJV YEVLa 't'i'j~ IlTJ'teQa~ 'to'U
O'UyyiVE'UE IlE 'tov KLIl())Va.
TO'tE ot 'A9TJvaLoL STJ'tOuv IlE 'tTJV OELQa. 'to'U~ a~o 'tou~

~aQ'tLa.'tE~, EX VEO'U xa9aQIlov 6La 'to "a~o TaLva.Qo'U ayo'U~". (at
~~aQ'tLa.'taL eIxav ~aAaLo'tEQa aqJa.;EL 'tou~ d:A.())'ta~ ~ou eIxav
xa'taqJuYEL mov Nao 'tOU IIoaEL6oovo~, a'to TaLvaQov).
197
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2. Ka'taAT)'ljJL~ IIo'tlbaLa~ xa\' aiJ'tovof,LT)(JL~ Atyi,vT)~.

3. Ka'ta.AT)'ljJL~ EX f,LeQolJ~ MEyaQewv OT)f,LELWV 'tfj~ 'i'\'t'tLXfj~.
4. AU'toVOf,LLa OAWV 'tWV O'lJf,Lf,LaXLXWv nOAEwv 'tWV 'i'\9T)vwv.
co IIEQLxAfj~ ano<paOa;EL nOAEf,LOV, 'tov onoLov OME~ aQxU;EL.

"OAOL ~LO'ta.SOlJV. Tov omv9fjQa ava.~olJv OL eT)~aLOL. ZT)'toilv va
xa'taAa.~OlJV 't\'~ IIAa'taLe~, nOALv -ovf,Lf,Laxov 'tWV 'A9T)vwv. T~v
~Qa(JL aQXLsEL 0 ~naQ'tLa.'tT)~ 'i'\QXL~af,Lo~, &uYXEV'tQWVOV'ta~ o'tov
'Io9f,Lo O'tQa'to 100.000 aV~Qwv. cEnof,LevT) XLVT)(JL~, Eto~oA~ o't~v
'i'\'t'tLX~ ...
***
198
...
'EmYQa<paL ana 'tOV "'Emi&.<pLOv" 'toil E>O'U)t'U()L()O'U EL 'to MVl]J.WLov 'toil

~yvroO"to'U ~'tQa'tL<i)'to'U. 'AQLO"tEQ&': M[a ;tA[VTJ ;tIWiJ tpeee7:U ecn:eWf.t8VTJ
rwv atpavwv. ~ESL<i: :Avdewv emtpavwv n;aua yij 7:atpo~.
199
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA0HMATA APXAIAI. EMHNIKHI. rAOHHI.
nQI:xlio,,~ 'E~t'taqJto~
(EXAoyaL)
34. '''Ev ~E 'tql au'tql XeLILrovL ':A8TJVclLOL 'tql n:a'tQL XQOOILE-
VOL ~TJILooi.~ 'taqJa~ En:oLTJOaV'to 'trov EV 'tql~e 'tql n:Of...ILq> n:Qoo'toov
Wto8uvOv-roov 'tQon:q> 'toLq'l~e. Ta!J.Ev oO'tu n:Qo'tL8EV'tm 'trov an:oye-
VOILEVOOV n:Qo'tQL'ta, oXTJvfJV n:OLTJOav'te~, xaL En:LqJEQeL 'tql au'tou
EXUO'tO~, ~v 'tL ~ouA.TJ'tm. 'En:eLbav M 1) EXqJoQa ii, A.UQvaxa~ xun:a-
QLOoLva~ ayoumv <lILU;m, qJuA.il~ EXUO'tTJ~ ILLUV' EveO'tL ~E 'ta oO'tu,
~~ ExaO'to~ ~v qJuA.il~. Ml.a bE XAI.VI) xVi) q>Q'tat EO'tQrop.iVl) 'tiiiv
aq>avrov, ot av ILTJ eUQe8romv E~ avai.Qemv. EuvexqJEQeL ~E (, ~ouA.6-
ILevo~ xaL aO'trov xaL Mvoov,xaL _yuvuixe~ n:uQeLOLv at n:QoaiJxou-
om En:L 'tov 'tuqJov OA.OqJuQ<'>ILEvm-. n8EaoLV oiiv E~ 'to ~TJILomOV
ailILu, 0 EO'tLV En:L 'tou xaULcrtou n:QoaO'tLou 'til~ n:oA.eoo~ XUL ULeL Ev
au'tql 8an:'toum 'toiJ~ EX 'trov n:Of...ILOOV, n:A.TJV ye 'toiJ~ EV MaQu8roVL"
Exdvoov ~E bLun:Qen:il 'tfJv aQE'tfJv xQi.vaV'te~, 'lPt:\~~,N~L 'tov 'tuqJov
En:OLTJOUV. 'En:eLbav ~E xQU'ljloom Yfj, avT)Q nQ~ILEVO~ un:o 'til~ n:OA.e-
oo~, o~ av yvooILn 'te ~oxfi ILfJ a;uve'tO~ elvm XUL a;LOOoeL n:QOTJXn,
f...yeL En:' au'toi~ En:mvov 'toV n:QEn:O'1a' ILE'ta ~E 'tou'to an:EQxoV'tm..
"'gbe !J.i;v 8an:'tOum' xaL ~Lcl n:uV'to~ 'tou n:oA.E!J.ou, (,n:6'te ;uILl301n'
au'toi~, EXQroV'tO 'tcpvoucp. 'En:L ~. oii.v :toi~ n:QOO'tOL~ 'toio~e,
IIeQLxA.il~ (, Eav8Ln:n:otlnQE9'TJ -f...yeLv. t<.ar ~n:eL~fJ xmQo~ EA.aILl3ave,
n:QoeA.8wv an:o 'tou OTJILa'to~ En:L l3ilILa U'IjITJI.OV n:en:OLTJ!LEvoV, on:oo~
axouOL'to ro~ En:L n:A.eiO'tov 'tOU (,ILLAOU, EA.eye 'tOLu~e~ _
Ta ca01Q .,'
1. ~ltO IIAYLANIOY ~TtLXa A' 29:
""EcrtL bE xal. ltum flviifla ~ST)VaiOL~ OltOOOL~ MOSaVeLV O'UVEltEOEV EV 'tE
va'Uflaxi.a~ xal. tv !lxa~ ltE~a~, ltA~V OOOL MaQaSo)VL au'tOYv i]ywviaa-
V'tO' 'tot'J't'OL~ yaQ xa'ta x<bQav ELol.v oi. 't<l<pOL, bL' avbQayaSiav, oi. bE UAAOL
xa'ta 't~v obOv XELV'tUL 't~v e~ 'AxabT)fliav, xal. o<piiiv EO'tUOLV elti 'tOL~
't<l<po~ O'tiiAUL, 'ta ovofla'tU xal. 'tov biifloV EX<lO'tO'U MyO'UOUL...
...TfIv bE uQa xal. btlflO'U l)iXULov ~O-UA.E'Ufla, lOt b~ xal. J:\ST)vaLOL flE'tE-
booav bO-UAOL~ bT)flOOL<;t 'ta<piivUL xal. 'ta ovofla'ta eYYQa<piivUL trt!lM1'
bT)AOL bE ayaeoiJ~ o<pu~ ev 'to ltoMfl4> YEVEOSUL... "
200
MA9HMA 180v
Ma8q,ul 180v
KEIMENON
36. ''':AQSOfLaL bE a3to 'tOOV 3tQoyovrov 3tQoo'tov' bLXaLOV yaQ

au'to~ xa1 3tQE3tOV bE afLa EV 't<fJ 'tOt4>bE 'tTjv 'ttfLTjv 'tau't'llv 'tfi~ fLvTJ-
fLTl~ bLboa8aL. TTjv yaQ xc.OQav ot au't01 atEl otXOUV'tE~, btaboXfi
'tOOV EmytyvofLEvrov, fLEXQt 'tOUbE tAE'U8EQav bt' aQE'tTjv 3taQEboaav;
Ka1 EXELVOL 'tE astm E3taLvo'U xa1 iht fLUAAOV ot 3ta'tEQE~ ~fLOOV ..
... xa1 'tTjv 3tOAtV 'to~ 3tum 3taQE<JxE'U(laafLEv xat E~ 3tOAEfLOV xat,
E~ ELQ~VTJV au'taQxEO'tU'tTlV... "
37. "XQc.OfLE8a yaQ 3tOAt'tEL{l ou ~TlA.oUan 1:OiJ~ 'tOOV 3tEA.a~
VOfLO'U~, .3taQubEtYfLa bE fLUAAOV au'wt OV'tE~ 'tLa1v ~ fLtfLOufLEvm
hEQO'U~. Kat ovofLa fLEv lha 'to ....1) E; ol(YOlJ; all' E~ 'J)..(ovu;
oixdv 6IJ ....ox~ut:iu xixl1)'tua... "
.. .. fLE'tE01:L bE xa'ta 'toiJ~ VOfLO'U~ 3tum 'to '(aov... ", " ... E~ 'to. xmva
1:0 a3t' aQE'tfj~ 3tQo'ttfLu'taL...
'So.' a..,trofLa'to~,
... O'UuE~ 'i:' , ,
acpaVELQ., XEXro",'U'taL...
I '\ "
38. " .. ~EqEQXE't(lt bE btU 'to fLEYE8o~ 'tfj~ 3tOAEW~ EX 3tuaTl~ yil~
'to. 3tuV'ta.. .,
39. "~LacpEQofLEV bE, xa1 'tUL~ 'tOOV 3tOAEfLtXOOV fLEAi'taL~, 't(1)V
Evav'tLrov 'toLabE. T~v yE yaQ 3tOAtV xmvTjv 3tuQEXOfLEV xa1 oux
Ea'ttV <hE, SEVTlAaaLaL~, a3tELQyofLEV 'tLva ~ fLa8~fLa'to~ ~ 8EufLa-
1:0~ " .
201
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAOnH~
40. "LAoxaAOVfU~V 'tE yaQ JLET' E'i'J'tEAELa~ xaL CPLAOOOCPOUIlEV

aVElJ llaAaxLa~.. " "
41. "SlJVEArov 'tE Myw 'tijv 'tE Jtaoav JtOALV'tfj~ 'EAAa60~ JtaL-
6ElJOLV ElvaL... ", " ... IlE'ta IlEYUAWV 60 0l1IlELWV xaL ou 6ij 'tOL UlluQ-
'tlJQov yE 't~v MvallLV JtaQaaxollEvOL, 'tOL~ 'tE VUV xaL 'tOL~ EJtEL'ta
8alJllao9110oIlE8a, oMEv JtQ006EOllEVOL OiJ'tE 'OllijQOlJ EJtaLVE'tOlJ,
OiJ'tE aO'tL~ EJtEOL IlEV 'to a.'u'tLxa 'tEQ'ljJEL... "
42. "AL' a 6~ xaL EIl~XlJVa 'to. JtEQL 'tfj~ JtOAEW~... " " ... & yaQ 't~V
JtOALV UIlV110a, a1 'tWV6E xaL'tOLwv6E UQe'taL Exoolll1oav. "
43. " .. XOLvfj yaQ 'to. orolla'ta bLMV'tE~, LbLc;t 'tOY uyijQwv EJtaL-
vov EAull~avov xaL 'tOY 'tucpov EmOl1llo'ta'tov, oux EV cP XELV'taL
llaAAOV, UAA' EV cP " Msa au'twv ... UELIlV110't0~ xa'taAELJtE'taL.
'AVbQIDv YUQ E3ttqJavIDv Jtdoa yij 'taqJo;, xaL ou O'tl1AWV lloVOV EV
'tfj OLXELc;t 0l1f.LaLVEL EmYQacpij, UAAa xaL Ev 'tfj Il~ JtQOOl1X01JOn,
aYQacpo~ Ilvijf.Ll1..... EvbLaL'ta'taL. Ou~ vUV "'f.LEL~ sl1ArooaV'tE~, xaL'to
~baL!loV 'to EAEV9EQOV, 'to b' EAEV8EQOV 'to dJ'ljJlJXoV xQLvaV'tE~, f.L~
JtEQLoQaOeE 'tou~ JtOAEf.LLXOU~ xLvbvvolJ~. "
46. "ELQ'l'JtaL xaL Ef.LOL, A6ycp, xa'ta 'tOY VOf.LOV aoa Elxov JtQo-
0cpoQa, xaL EQYCP 01 9amollEvoL 'to. f.LEV ~611 XEXOOf.Ll1V"taL. 'to. bE
au'twv 'tou~ JtaL6a~ 'tiD- UJto 'tOOOE bl11l00Lc;t " JtOAL~ IlEXQL ii~l1~ e"QE-
'ljJEL, * ...vUv bE UJtOAOCPlJQUf.LEVOL av JtQoaijXEL EXUO't<p, am'tE" .
[*Nof.tO: """WU "twv ev"t(p :7toMf.tq> "tEAe'U"t1')OaV"twv :7tuUiu xut YEvvrl"tOQu

E:7tLf.tEAeLo"8aL. "]
-IIAPATHPHEEIE
1. 'EQf.Ll1VELa, MOQCPOAOYLXU, 'E'tlJIlOAOYLXU, 'EVVOLOAOYLXU.

2. ~QXLXOL XQOVOL xaL JtaQuywya 'tWV Ql1f.LU'tWV: EZOpat,
e).avvm, Dqm.
('R V01')f.tU"tLX-ij O-UV~EOL "twv ~Lu(pOQWV a:7to:7tuo!la"twv ytvE"taL :7tQOqJO-

QLXW.)
202
MA6HMA 180v
;--t1)""': t.S ' , ~- ' 5:.' .20_ '

(liTo 191 'tono88'tTJ8rp(av o'ta 1\,t(O<p0Q8La 'toil AOVuLVOtJ .WLoonao!la'ta
yw.
ano 'tOV 'EnL'tCl<pLO 'toil I18QLXMotJ~, w~ 't!lfi!la 'tfi~ ~xo'tQa't8I.a~ 'tilv
1 G'tQa'toAOYTJOTJ o'tl~ EvonA8~ btJVUIl8L~, hav'tl.ov 'toil ~X8Qoil nov

anELAoilo8 'tilv ~A.EtJ88Ql.a ')(al,;iJv bTJlloXQa'tl.a". "OAL~8Q TMALv).
-rPAMMATIKH
-
1) r' XALO~ -MOvtLxaAfJx'ta
(clvbQtcl;, YEQO)V)
'Axa'to.AfJX'ta (aroJ.1a)
naQuYQ. 81, 82.
2) IIaQaxeLl-tEvo~ xaL CYnEQ01JvtEALXO~ 'tfj~ eOQLO'tLxfj~.

. ~naQEI-t<pa'tov xaL ME'toxil
'to'u Qtil-ta'to~ l:u0J.1at.
-ANArNnI'MA *
To XQOVtXO 'trov 24 clQX0V'tO)V
(~no -to n8QLobLXOV EPQH)
" .. :H IIayxa0l-tLa BOUAil tXE EYXQLVEL. To 'HnELQo)'tLxO

KOYXAo.~LO ElxE anmllaoLO'EL. ~ 'tomxil XU~EQVfJO'fJ ElxE ~La'taxSfj
va EX'tEAEO'EL. ot 24 "AQXovtE~-~Qxav'tLO'O'E~ ~'tav AunfJl-tEVOL-E~.
AUQLO Sa enQEnE va xa'tE~ouv O''to ~'tMJLO IIoA.El-tou xat
'ExSQa'tfJ'to~. 'E6w xat noA.A.E~ 6ExaE'tw~ 'to ~sEQav Ko.no'tE ~'tav
mo noA.A.oL ~Lya mya 'tou~ A.LyaO'tEuav. Kat Xo.nO'tE Sa 'tou~ avtL-
xaSLO''tOiJO'av EvtEAW~. ~ nayxaOl-tLa ~oUA.il EIXE O''tELAEL 'ta 'tEA.LXa
OXE~La. ~'tilv ~QEva Sa xa'tE~aLVaV 7 aQXOvtE~-aQxavtLOO'E~. ea
EnL~oiJO'av 2 avtQE~ xat 2 yuvaLxE~. eH 'J\A.E<pa xaL ~ "E'ljJLA.ov Sa
xQa'toiJO'av OiJ6E'tEQfJ SEOfJ YLa va naQal-tELVOUv O'tOU~ 21. eo
"I~Aas xat 0 "OVLO~ Sa "O'xa'twvav" EvtUnWmaxo., 'tov "Hl-taxQo,
'tov UY'ljJLA.O xat 'tov "QQavo. 4 SUO'w~, 4 Qval-ta'ta, 2 XQavLa I-tE'ta
'tilv evtasfJ, 2 XQavLa nQtv 'tou~ XQuoou~ 'OA.U!-t1tLaxO'\J~.
H 'tOmxil XU~EQVfJO'fJ nQaSul-ta tmo.xOUE. 'AvExaSEv. Kat
I-ttiVUO'E 'to oAoxau'tWl-ta 'tillv 'Av6Qillv. 'EXELVOL ~sEQav on
ot
203
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(!.O.l ooo~"( AOOX1riO,. 9.1 '003.l9).1,,( VN3 '30(!.OOU"(DOD1 ~OVV
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o1odri~oN A~l.lDX O1"t"oL A~l. 5~l.oo~ 5~x1AO~ 10 '3ADgri~"(3AitD A~Q
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D1DXOO.l ~.1 ')0"("(01 AD.1i\.Ol\ql.lOXO A~Q n"("(~o ~.l~ '30(!.0101OADX1
A~Q 00mch09Qo1 9.1 'AD.l9~1AoQIf OQ31~). 9.1 'D)riOAit.lDV, AD.l
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MA8HMA 180v
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xu. rUQoo o'tou~ 98.000 EX'tOVOO'tLXOU~ <povou~-60A.0<pOVLE~.
IIEQLJtou 3.666 ElLJtQTJOlLoi. o'ta 6uoTJ. Kut 6Ev avuyyEA.8TJxUV
'AvUJtUQX'tE~ KOLvoovLxE~ IIUQOXE~.
"Eva Mfjva M'tu

na va ~QElLi)OTJ 0 AAOl: ~ IIuYXOOlLLU BOUA.TJ EmELA.E LEQUQXL-
xu TEA.EOLYQU<PO va 8uow080uv xul. aHoL-aHE~.
'EJtuXOA.ou8TJoUV ot O<PUYE~ 'tfj~ TEA.EiU~, 'tou KOlLlLU'tO~, 'tfj~
'O;Eiu~, x.A.Jt. "E'tOL ~QElLTJOUV ot JtoxLMXQOOlLOL oJtu60L. fia 'to
xuM 'tou~. M 'tTJv EUXOA.La 'tou~.
"Eva X@ovo 'A@yO'tE@a

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'A<pou lLE OA.OU~ 'tOu~ A.UOU~ ~'tuv <pLA.OL; 8EA.UVE UU'tOXLVTJ'tO;
IIouA.oUOUV 6LUlLEQLOlLU. 8EA.UVE XO'tEQO; IIOUA.OUOUVE XOOQU<PLU.
8EA.UVE XPTIOTI OAYMIIIAKOTI 1996; IIOYAHl:ANE KAI
THN (r) EAAAL\A. Kui. o'ta 0X0A.ELU JtUVTJYUQLSUVE DA.OL.
IIi)ymvuv DJtO'tE ilSEA.UV. ri)JtE6u JtUV'toU. KUQu DA.OL. BLV'tEO;
'AJto 2-3 ma OJtL'tLU 'tOU~. BL~A.LU; 'tL va 'ta xuvouv;
20 X@Ovta 'A@yo'tE@a
Ta 0X0A.ELU L\EN llJtfjQXUV. BL~A.LU L\EN llJtfjQXUV. EIxuv
8UOLUOEL 'ta JtEQLOOO'tEQU Wto 'ta 24 YQUlLlLU'tU.. To JtuL6i. Exunu-
~E EQOO'tTJlLu'tLxa 'tTJ lLulLU 'tou ... -4>AO; L\TJA.. SEA.OO va <puoo. 'R lLulLa
aJtUV'tTJOE: nox <put. To YLOX 'tOlLUSE aJto 'tTJV TouQxUA.U IIoA.L'tLxTJ
<puyu6u. '0 lLJtulLJta~ YXUQLOE. -E.OO.A. L\TJA.. ~MJtoo TooV'tu. '0
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'tWV) eO"tELAE 'tl.~ JtQO'tU(JE~ 'tOU (J'tO EUQwJtu'Cxo KOVYXAU~LO. -~N

IIIAPXI IIPOBAIMA. l:IMONA ME TIl: O~IrIEl: l:Al: 0
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'tfj~ ~'YjIlOXQU'tLU~ "6EV IlUSuLvuve" EAA'YjVLXO: YQullllum ... Au'tO:
(JlJVE~'Yj(JUV <J't0: JtaL6LO: JtOlJ 'to: 'tcht;;uv IlE IlUQIlEAcibu EtQi]VT)~ xul.
'ljJwlll. L(JO't'Yj'tU~, uqJou IlUSULVOUV (J't0: axoAEiu 'to "XAEJ.tIlEVO
"OLVLXLXO" ~qJu~'Yj'to... "
B. PovroyuivvYJr;
206
- MA9HMA 190v
M6.81)"a 190v
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Ta XllgLc.t:rtEga gTJ!La'ta 'tet on:oia

ollvtaOOOvtaL!Le n:'tWOLV reVLXTJV.
(BA. ~UVtaX1:. nUe1:~avolJ Jtueaye. 67).
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IIEgL'tEALXOU "v". ~EW)E~ 75,167,169,170,171,

172,197,311, an:o 'tTJV NEOEAAHNIKH
rPAMMATIKH'tou xa8T1"(1l'tou 'Axa()T1!Lalxou
x. 'Ay. Toon:avaxTI. ('AvayvwOL~):
"~e un:Eg/3aoTl 'tWV ()LXaLW!La'twv xaL 'tWV ()llva'tO'tTJ'tC.ov 'tOU

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'tEALXO -v, n:ou o'tov n:QQ(pogLxo Myo aqJO!LOLwvE'taL !Ln:goo'ta oe
/lEQLxa mJj..tqJwva, ()La'tTlgEL'taL oj..tw~ !l3tgoo'ta oe aAAa. ot xavovE~
aU'tOL eIVaL /3E/3atu qJllOLxoL, ()T1A. aV'tO/la'tOL, YLa 'tov av8gwn:0 n:ou
a
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rgaj..tj..ta'tLxE~, o'tou~ 'tVn:Oll~ 'fOv, 'f1jv, 'tOU OgLO'tLXOU ag8go11, fvav,
puiv, 'tOU aogLo'toll ag8go11, 'fOv, 'f1jv, 'tWV OllYXEXOj..tj..tEVWV avtw-
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n:agEv8EOTI: .6(v), .~(v), evav(v), f-lui(v), av.6(v), av.~(v), ()T1!LL-
o1Jgywvta~ E'tOL 'tTJV 'ljJEV'tLX~ evtvn:wOL O'tL 'to -v eIVaL n:gOaLgE'tLXO,
207
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rJ\Qn:H~
on 6TJA. fl3tOQEL va 3taQaAElJtE'tUL. To 'i6LO taxUEL %aL YUl 'ta "tv ,

-
uti'V, P7J'V, beEi'VO'V, beEf:VTfV, 3toil YQa(fJOV'tUL %aL 3tQO(fJEQOV'tUL %OAo-
~a, e3tEt6il O'Ufl~ai.vEL 'to 'tEAL%O -v va a(fJOflOLtOVE'tUL <TtOv 3tQOqJo-
QL%O Myo, fl3tQOO'ta oe OQLOflEva OUfl(fJWva. 'l\A.Ao~ OflW~ ElvUL 6
3tQO(fJOQL%O~ Myo~ %aL aAAo~ a YQa3t'to~, %aL iJ 7rautikt'f/nJ f:oi}
f:Mt'Xofj -'V (/ ainoiJ~ f:oiJ~ ruappaf:t'XoiJ~ f:V7rOV~ %aL oe aMOlJ~,
t6Lai.'tEQa <TtilV aL'tLa'tL%il 'toov aQoEVL%OOV oe -o~, <Tta 8TJAU%a OUOLa-
<TtL%a 3toil EXOUV OflOLOV wno <TtilV OVOfla<TtL%il %aL aL'tLU'tL%il ('tilv)
rvxrJ - (,,) rvX'YJ %aL oe aAAE~ nEQL3t'two!>L~, "fJPwvUrEi 7ruop;'7Jpaf:a
tniJ'V /iPEO'1J 'Xa'ra'VofJO'1J 'roiJ ;,orov. Au'to OflW~ eIvUL aV'tteE'to
nQo~ 'tilv ano<TtoAil 'tfj~ rQaflfla'tL%fj~ %aL 'tilv avaY%TJ 'tfj~ bn%OL-
vwvLa~.
To v. "Eva a3to 'ta oTJflaVn%O'tEQa 6dYflaLa LOOV 6LU(fJOQOOV
avaflwa o'tilv 3tQO(fJoQL%il %aL Lilv YQa3t'til floQ(fJil 'tfj~ ~TJflOLL%fj~,
a3tOLEAEL " OUflnQO(fJOQa %aL " 'tUXTJ LOU v o'to eOWLEQL%O %aL
%UQi.w~ OLO 'tEAO~ 'tOOV AE;EWV, %an 3tOV e;EAi.X8TJ%E oe flEyaAo
oQ80YQa(fJL%0 nQO~ATJfla 'tOU YQa3t'tou fla~ Myou.
a) v + gJ W v if e v. ElvUL YVW<TtO OLL, a3tO Lilv aQxata e3tOX~, LO
v, LOOO OLO eOWLEQL%O 'toov M;EWV, 000 %aL O'to LEAO~ 'tOU~, nQoo-
aQflotE Li)v EVQLVTJ 3tQo(fJoQa lOU 3tQO~ 'to EI60~ LOOV (fJ80yywv 3toil
a%oAou80uoav 3t.X. %oV'ta <Tta (fJW~EV'ta nQO(fJEQO'tav %a8aQo..
P) v + aVj.lgJwvo.
1) Me 'ta XEtA.L%a OUfl(fJWVa 'to v yi.VELUL XEtA.L%O (j.l): ouv~ou
AEUW, EV-3tOQO~, O'Uv-(fJoQa -+aVj.l{3ovAevw, ewto(!o~, aVj.lgJo(!ci.
2) Me 'ta OUQaVL%a LQE3tELUL oe OUQaVL%O (y): ev -y6vo~, ev-

'XWj.lO~, avv-xw(!w-+eyyovo~ , ey'Xwj.lw, avyxw(!w.
3) Me La MOV'tL%a flEVEL aflELa~ATJ'to: Ev-6ufla, ev-8UflLO, aUv-

'tflo~.
208
- ITlJ.tELWOUJ.tE
MA0HMA 190v
~~Tl O'tL 'to v btTlQEa~EL O'UYXQOVOO~ 't~V :7tQO<POQa

_ , u T ,,, _ , \
I1EQLXOOV oU!l<poovoov, OltOO~ ELvm 'tU UTJXU O'tLYJ.tLmu X.lt,'t, xm 'tU
(xV'tLO'tOLxa 'tOU~ OUV8E'tU s,t\', 'to (=XO, ltO), ltOV 'ta ltXTJQOltOWL OE
g. b. d xuL g~, b~. d~, aVtLO'tOLXU: EJ.t-boQo~, EV -gWJ.tLO, ouv-doJ.to~,
'tOY g~EVO, 'toJ.t b~EU'tTJ. 't~V d~EltTJ , xooQL~ va xavTJ 't~v EVQLVTJ
ltUQOUOLU'tOU.
u) To v oJ.too~ a<poJ.tOLwvE'tm O't~v O'UvaV'tTJoi} 'tou J.tE 'ta liTJXu
E~UXOAou8TJ'tLXa <p, x, e, 0, J.tE ltUQaMTJATJ UltA.o:7tOI.TJOTJ O't~v ltQO-
!POQLX~ xOLvi} ... J.tE alto'tEA.eoJ.tU va 8EOOQTJefj (ES uhl.u~ 'tfj~ a<poJ.tol.-
ro(JTl~ xuL UltAOltOI.TJoi)~ 'tou) avUltuQx'to... 'to -v uU'to ~EV ~'tav xuL
Mv eIvm "E<pEAXUO'tLXO", ~TJA. EU<pOOVLXO xuL ltEQLO'tUOLUXO, o'tL~
:7tEQL1t'tWOEL~ UU'tE~ xuL 'tL~ oJ.tow~, aAA.a EVU JIOvtJlO xui. O'tU8EQO
cnotXEio 'tij; llt)vtxij; yACO'O'U;
P) 'YltfjQXE oJ.too~, aV'tI.O'tQo<pu, ~ <pUOTJ 'troY O'UJ.t<pwvoov x, It, 't,

~, 'ljJ, 'ta,
!llt' V't, yx, J.t1tQoo'ta O'ta <>ltOLU 'to -v EltQEltE va :7tQo<pEQ8fj
~ va YQu<p'tfj, xuL UU'to ~TJJ.tLOUQYOUOE ltQOf3Ai}J.tU'ta xuL oUYXUOTJ.
AiJ'to MTJYOUOE OE ltEQL1t'tOOOLOAOYi.a xuL alt0J.tVTJJ.t0VEUOL, J.tLa ltOV
~'tuv aMvu'to va SEQOUV xuL va SEXOOQI.~OUV 01. liv8Qoo:7tOL ltOLa
oUJ.t<poovu ~'tuv O'tLYJ.tLaLU, ESUXOAOu8TJ'tLxa, ltXTJQa, UTJXU X'tA. KuL
va YQa<pouv ~ va ltuQuAEmouv 'to -v, xui., :7tQoltaV'toov, xue<b~ <>
xa8EVU~ J.tLAd uU8oQJ.tTJ'tu -OooO'ta ~ Aa8o~-, YQa<pEL oJ.too~ J.tE OXEt\'L.
To -v 3tQmEt va YQq>nut 3tunoU 03tOll ti3tOVOt'tut. '0 xuvo-

VU~ dvm t\'llXOAOYLXO~. "O'tUV AEYOO "av oev lM)m" ltQO<PEQOO ltEQL-
:7tOU "a ov lM)m" aM' EIJ.tm 't000 f3Ef3mo~ O'tL ltQO<PEQOO "av oev
A()m" roO'tE J.tOAL~ ~ro YQUJ.tJ.tEvo "a ov lA()m" su<pvtO:~o!Lm xuL J.tE
ltOVEL'tO J.ta'tL... To L~LO O'UJ.tf3Ui.VEL o'tav AEYOO "7:0 {JamMa", dJ.tm
f3Ef3mo~ It<b~ AEYOO "7:0V {JamMa", uL08av0J.tm'to N ... liMO 'to ElvE
O'tO "7:0 lrawt" xuLliMO 'to ElvE o'to "7:0 {JuatJ..ia "...
MOAL~ aQxLoouJ.tE va AEJ.tE "'to <PQOVLJ.tO" ~ "<PQOVLJ.tO" Elvm

aMvu'to va J.t~v ltaTJ <> VOU~ J.tU~ O'to OME'tEQO, xuL 8a Elvm XUAO
va axoAouei}0TJ ~ A. lratOi. "Av oJ.too~ axoAou8i}0TJ 'to aQO'l>VLxo
209
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rJ\OnH~
oaa"aAo sa. XQELao'tfj va. YUQtOOU~E VOEQa. 3tLoW xaL va. u3toxa'tu_
o't~OOU~E OLW3tT)Qa. 'to aQOEVLXO "rov cpeOVl/iO oaa"aAo", YLa. va
E~ou6E'tEQcboOU~E 't~V EXXQE~o'tT)'ta.
~) n' aino, o't~v WEx600T) 'tfj~ MLXQfj~ N EOEAAT)VLxi'j<;
rQa~~a'tLxfj~, 'tOU M. TQLaV't(l(pUAAi.6T), 3tO" Ex608T)XE a3to 'to
'IvO'tL'tOU'tO NEOEAAT)VLXWV L3tou6wv, "I6Qu~a MavoATJ
TQLaV'taq)'IJAAt6T), eEooaAovtXT) 1975, 3taQuYQ. 136, Evaw~a'tcbST)XE
a3toq:>aoT) 'tOU 6LOLXT)'tLXOU LU~~ouAtou YLa. 't~v 6La't~QT)0T) 'toii
'tEALXOU -v- 3tUvtO'tE, o3tOLo6~3tO'tE oU~q:>(1)'VO xaL UV axoAou8fj, O'ti,<;
axoAou8E~ 3tEQL3t'tcboEL~:
a) o'to uQSQo "'tov" 3tQLv a3to E3tLeE'tO iJ 3tQi,v a3to ovo~a XUQLO:
rov ~EYUAO VLXT)'t~, '(oV ~wV'tavo 3tEQtYUQO, rov VEOq:>EQ~EVO, rov
XELQO'tEQO' rov <l>at6ova, rov MaVOAT), rov Po!6T)'
~) O'ta. uXAL'ta Oiv, aav: aav XL6VL, oev ()eAw'
y) o'to uQSQo nov: rwv q:>LA.WV ~OU'
6) o't~v 'tQL't03tQOOW3tT) 3tQOOW3tLX~ aV'twvu~ta 'tOV: rov
~A.E3tw .. "
'0 t6LO~ 0 MavoAT)~ TQLav'taq:>uA.A.wT)~ o't~v 3taQuYQ. 184 'tfj~

NEOEAAT)VLXfj~ rQa~~a'tLxfj~ ('ti]~ 6T)~O'tLXfj~) 'tOU 1941 ElvUL 3tOAU
yEvvaLo~ of. O,'tL aq:>oQu 't~v 6La't~QT)0T) 'toii -v. AEEL 6T)A.: "To
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av'(wVV/ilWV "at aVrWVV/il"WV em()irwv -,(00'0(;, /faor;, /f.7totor;,
"MOtor;, /fAor;, cUAOr; X.'tA. -o'fav 6 (=6v) O'UV6iovtUL O'tEVa. ~
't~v aXOAOUST) A.E~T) iJ o'tav au't~ aQxt~T) a3to q:>WVfjEV iJ O'tLY~LaLo
ou~q:>wvo: r eYlVer; roaov "al(}o; .7tOWV {JAe.7telr; e"ei;
KaL ~ovov 0 EYXA.ELO!LO~ 'toii -v of. 3taQEvSEOT) O'ta. ~L~Ai.a (xai

'tfj~ OXOA.txfj~) rQa~~a'tLxfj~ (XALo1) 'toii uQSQou) XAovt~EL '\jJUXOAO-
YLXa. 't~v v3toO'tao~ 'tou ro~ ava3too3tao'tOu q:>WVT)'tLXOU O'tOLXELoU
'toii VEOEAAT)VLXOU A.6you. ElvaL ~E~aLO O'tL o~~EQa axo~a it
n:a@ollO'La 'foil -v ad; Ex9EO'L; 'frov p.t(91)'frov xat 'frov ;'3t01j11)qJLo)V
YUl LO'aYffi"(LXE; EsnaO't; O'1)p.tL<OvnaL 0,; l..a90; Wto 'f0"; 6LO@-
9m'tE; - x(91)Y1J'fE;.
210
- MA6HMA 190v
'EnL nAEOV, 'to 0lll-taV't'LXO'tEQo nQo~A.lll-ta, nov xal-tVo'Ul-tE (),,[,L

Mv 'to xa'taA.a~ai.vo'U!-tE, ElvaL" /l-amu57:rrm 'rij~ n(!oamx()euir; /l-a~
va ano/l-vyt/l-ovevaovw 'rov~ "av6ve~ 'rij~ aq;o/l-oi(J)OYf~ fj 'rij~ ~ta'ryt
eytayt; wi] -v I-tnQoo'ta a' aina ~ a' eXELva 'ta ouwprova ~ cproVtl-
EVta, xav6vE~ nov ~ nQocpoQLX~ yA.wooa 'tov~ ecpaQl-tO~EL xroQ~ va
'tov~ ~EQll, ~ YQan't~ ol-tro~ 'tov~ I-tnEQ~EVEL, ij 'tov~ ayvoEL, enEL~~
ejtL~aAAEL 't~v an0l-tVlll-t0VE'U0tl 'to'U~, xroQL~ va 'tov~ acp0l-t0LOOVll,
onO)~ 'to ~AEno'Ul-tE OA.OL I-ta~ xa9E I-tEQa oF, oA.a 'ta xEi.l-tEva. Au'to
O'UI-t~ai.vEL, enEL~~ xavEva~ ~Ev ~EQEL 'ta allXa <J't'Lyl-tLaLa 1\ E~axo
Ao'U911'tLxa OU'tE 'ta TtXllQa O'tLyl-tLaLa ~ e~axoA.o'U911'tLxa o{,l-tcprova,
yw. va nQooaQl-tO~ll avaA.oya'to YQa'ljJLl-tO 'to'll.
n' au'to, it rQaflfla'tLX1} au't~ I-tLAU xal e~llYEL 't~v acp0l-t0l.ro0ll

'toil -v o't~v nQocpoQLX~ yA.wooa, cnJvLO'ta Ofl(O~ 't1}V YQaqlit 'to" of;
oJ..t:~ 'ti,~ ai.'tLa'tLxf;~ 'too oQLO'tLxoii xa" too clOQUrtO" c'iQ9Qo" tOv -
'titv, evav -flUlV, 'trov clV't(oVtJflLroV 'tov -titv, a;,'tov - a;,'titv, txEivov
-txEiv1)v (tov'tov -'tov't1)v), 1tOOOV -1tO(1)V, 'tooov -'to(1)V, OOOV -
001JV x.'tA... 'trov cnJvbOflrov, 'trov 1tLQQ1)p.Ut(Ov biv, flit v, ouv, 'trov
c'ivaQOQ(Ov 1tLOitrov xa" o;,oLaO'tLxrov x.a. 'tov qliw, ti}v qltl.1), 'tov
~#.i1t(O, 't1}V ~#.i1t(O, qlwva; 'tov -'t1)v, bv OI.(O, fl1}V ~LUtO(J.I" ouv
flvya, a;,'tov Y"Qv(O
AEv ~a~o'Ul-tE oF, naQEv9Eoll 'to v 'tf1~ ahLa'tLxf1~ 'tov - 'ttlV,

Evav - I-tLaV, YLa'tL au'to ElvaL oQyavLxo <J't'OLXELo 'tf1~ yA.ooooa~
I-ta~, xaL 0XL enELoo~Lax6, ~llA.. EUcproVLXO 1\ ecpEA.x'U<J't'LX6.
***
211
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOUH!
I1A MIAN ODTIKH TOY HXOY
Ka:rwr:e, f.lla f.le(Ja xel(Jo7:e(J'f/ xat 7:ij~ KV(Jlaxij~, 7:0 avvelO'f/7:0-

:rr:o{'f/aa! 11 :rr:(Jwr:evovaa if 15Ao 7:0 f.lax(Jo~ 7:'f/~ elxe yef.lWel 7:(JV:rr:E~.
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f.l0V~. Maw Yla 7:t~ aUe~, :rr:avw a7:t~ :rr:(Joao'I/Jel~ 7:WV V'I/J'f/2wv X.'f/-
(Jtwv, 15:rr:ov :rr:(Joaexnxa mtjvovml ol e:rr:ty(Jacpe~ E7:ateetWv, lO(Jv-
f.la7:WV xat xama7:'f/f.la7:wv. (/Ja(Jf.laxeiO, KacpeveiO, Alf.la7:020ytxO
Kev7:(JO, nau3aywytxO 1Vml7:0V7:0. nov 0 eeo~ va /Jci2el 7:0 xe(Jl
7:ov.
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7:ei if 15A'f/ 7:i} yel7:0vla. Mtj:rr:w~ elval xaveva~ ~evo~ oaX7:v20~ 7:0V
7:v:rr:ov NOVA MAKEDONIA, If f.ltj:rr:w~ 7:0V 'cpvye 7:OV f.l:rr:oYla7:'t;,ij 7:0
r:e2evmio 'I/J'f/cp{o xat Ef.lewe av020x2tj(Jw7:0 a:rr:o af.le2ela If, oev
a:rr:oxAdemt, a:rr:o olxovof.l{a;
Ma elval ovva7:ov; NO. aov cpuaxvel 0 (Jacp7:'f/~ Eva w(Jaio

aaxaxl :rr:ov 7:0 Eva f.lav{Xl 7:OV 2emet, Xl eav va xvx20cpo(Jei~ f.le
xaf.la(Jt, 15:rr:w~ 0 xaa7:(Ja7:o~ :rr:ov leJ{qJ otxau1Jf.la7:l Et.t:rr:awe a7:a xa(Je-
f.lla, Xl a~ 7:OV EAet:rr:e xan'
(/Ja{veml :rr:w~ Tj 't;,wi} aV7:i} DeV Eywe Yla va e:rr:t7:evxOei "xan

ovaxoAo If xan 7:0 V'I/J'f/AO ". KaOoAov. "'Eywe Yla 7:i}v evxo2ta f.la~.
"IIovael 06v7:t, /Jya't;,el 06vn" :rr:ov E2eyav ~l :rr:a2awL nOVael :rr:e(Jt-
a:rr:wf.lev'f/, /Jya't;,el :rr:e(Jw:rr:wf.lev'f/ :rr:ovael oaaeia, /Jyaf;el ()aaeia. Kat
Aaf.l:rr:(Ja ml(Jlaf;ovv 152a.
Ivyyvwf.l'f/V, a22a 7:0 aw/J(Jaxo aov Mv 7:' acptjvel~ va cpa{veml

:rr:od 7:OV. ~Ua 7:0 cpo(Jei~. L1ev elvat 7:0 :rr:(JaX7:lXO f.le(Jo~ 7:WV
:rr:(JaYf.la7:wv :rr:ov :rr:(Jw7:evet a7:i} f;wtj f.la~. TO. 7:(J{a 7:e7:a(J7:a 7:ij~
avO(Jw:rr:07:'f/m~ ()ta/Jwvv Xa7:a AaOo~. L1tay(Jacpovv 7:0 :rr:e(Jl7:7:0V,
212
lZ
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'SOJX 'ltAOl}-ri3: 'o,OOl,triQ, AD~JO 1\>1<1 A~d>oO llllAtM.O~)1i S13,,(9u 1\>l.ug, 'I
0l,3CpOOA.Uooiht 1'OX'" 5ro30c,tch 5!p, 13e~A.3ti q,1 'A91UA8 1'OAp 5ro"{Q
1'OA!J.e U.1D1ltl? 9.1 9 lt l? '50,,{09J chti l? l'O~n01X>lt A~.1 1'Ox ~Q 5ro}otiQ,
'AOOUtiQ" A30U}Olt~ 5n.oA~A.1Du"{3W 0.0.1 5o.olt3Q-tI A~.1 A1l.UtiQ-tI
5'Oti~A. 1'Ox 'UAOc,tti~ A~ A109~'OtiV, 51'0.1 'Oti~ A38,,{~ 5Q 'Aro}'OW
~Q 0.0.1 '5!J.,,{,,{3ltV, ~Q 0.0.1 '50ltroA~"{3W ~Q 0.0.1 '5uQ~och1lt3, ,Q 0.01
'50tiuchQ-3 ~Q 0.0.1 'S~lt0310"{1 ~Q 0.0.1 '5uQJAotiQI, ~Q 0.01 '5u~"(XQ-3
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~Q 0.01 '50AJV 5uoo~oe 5UOc,t0elV 'U1\}'O 'OX'OO~X A9X100101
A91 'J?1'OX 51~~1 5n.oA~A. 0.01 ~ ~Q 1103", 5000l.O~N 5IP- 51uo~xCl"toU
rOX 5(l)~DDClqO, !J,O:L ClOX~ri3"t11.L 5n.0"{"(~ ~Q 'J?1'OX '5901uti
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SIlUJr'fL SV~DDago.
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'aoolfrlo, !J.o~ Sqo~vl.a() 5r;nri
uYJ3X l(l~JJ soX~ sp ?VX rowl 'S9r1aX 9 13~PW .5ao~ P'0XVrl '!J.onv:
'su~lfylt voropo~n1JJox13 .l(lX103r1 SVMO~J{>03X 'ltOJ.vop mlt]3 Sp ?vx
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A06~ \I~He\l~
flev XUQLW~ MEA,l)oLYEv~~ (xut YUQ E-cEX;8l) JtUQU 'tQ> MEA,l)'tL

JtO'tUflQ ... EX/":r19l) 6e "Ofll)Qo~ 6LU 'to JtOA.EflOU EvLO'tUflEVOU,
~flUQVULOL~ JtQO~ KOAQ(PWVLOU~, 608fjvUL Ofll)QO~, ye\jlt: 6e 'tilv
'IALU6u OUX; aflu, olJ6e xu'tu 'to OUVEX;E~, XU8MEQ aUYXEL'tUL, U,)J.:
"to; ....tv ExaO't!)V e\jlqlbiv yea\jl; xut EJtL6ELSUflEVO~ Ev 'tq>
JtEQLVOO'tELV 'tU~ m)AEL~, 'tQoq.>fj~ EVEXEV UJtEALJtEV. "YO'tEQOV 6e
OUVE'tE8l) I<ut OUVE'tuX;8l) uJto JtOAAWV, xut flUALO'tU uJto
IIELOLo'tQu'tou 'toiJ 'A8l)VULWV 'tuQuvvou. 2 'AVUq.>EQE'tUL 6e el.~
uU'tov xut UAAU 'tLVU JtoLtlflU'tU, ~flUtOVLUl 'IALU~ flLXQU, NOOt'OL,
'EJtLXLX;AL6E~, 'H8LEJtux'to~ Tj'tOL Laflj3OL, fluoj3U'tQUX;OflUXLa, uQUX;vo-
flUX;LU, YEQUVOflUX;LU, KEQUflL~, 'Aflq.>LUQUOU ESEAUOL~, JtULYVLU,
OtX;UALU~ aAWOL~, EJtL8UAUflLU, XUXAO~, UflVOL, KUJtQLU.
fi]QULO~ M 'tEAEUt'i)OU~ Ev 'tfj Vtloq> 'tfj "Iq> 'tE8uJtt'UL.. EJtLYEYQU-
Jt'tUL 6e EV 'tq> 'tUq.>q> uu'toiJ 't06E 'to EAEyetOV: EN8AAE THN
IEPAN KEAAHN KATA rAIA KAAYIITEI AN~PQN
HPQQN KO~OPA 8EION OMHPON...
[pa(p'VapClL: auYXQOUOftaL bUl 'tWV XELQWV

(JtQ~A. OTJftEQLVOV, iiQX0ftaL o'tel xE(.a)
paxopat.: auYXQOUOftaL bL" OJtAWV
(h. ftaxava, ftTJxavTj).]
2. m:: TON OMHPON HepOIlli mOPMHN TO IIPIN AEI~OMENON.

CAQX. 'EmYQacptl)
KLXEQIOV: '''0 llELoimQa'to~, JtQG)'to~ 'tu ~t~l.la 'toli 'OlltlQO'IJ 0'Uv'lj8QOLOE,
'to JtQO'tEQOV bLaoxoQmollEva, xal 'twQa 'tel EX0'IJIlE. (De Oratore III, 137)
l:HM.: llEQl 'OlltlQO'IJ, BI;oBLXW'tEQOV xal EX'tEVEO'tEQOV, ~A.. BOTJ8. BL~A..
r'JE'tou~,~a8.1ov,oEA..33.
214
MA9HMA 190v
OMi'rWV: "'AA.lJ9w~ 'tTjv 'Ellubu xmulbe'Uxev ou'to~ b 3tOLlJ'tTj~"

(IIoA.L'teLa 606 e).
""EOLxev ye b 3tOLlJ'tTj~ u!JXv ou'to~ yeyovevm XUQi.eL~". (N6!LOL 680 c)
"TTjv 'tQuycpbi.ctv xut 'tov ~yq..6vu ulhfj~ "OfLlJQov". (IIoA.L't. 1598)
""OfLlJQov, 3tOLlJ'tLXW'tU'tov XUL 3tQoo'tov". (607)
(~T]!L. :
Elq TOvq JI).. aT:WVLXovq c5uMoyovq vm.l{?xovv 175 OI':f]{?LXG. XW{?la.
Elpov 'Hatoc5ov, 21).
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EVUtJri~,,~: " .. EV 'OfLf]QCP 'tcp uQlmcp XUL geLo'tu'tcp 'twv 3tOLlJ'tOOV".
Cluw 530 c)
'AUlOTOq;tiVT/~ "XQlJ01:(i EbLbu~e, 'tu~eL~, uQe'tu~, b3tf.I.oe~
uvbQoov". (Bu'tQ. l030) . - -
lll.}(iXAEt'rO~: "o~ Eyeve'tO 'toov 'Ef.f.f]vwv oocpw'teQo~ 3tuV'twv... "

-- -~---.
'Aux. 'E;;" "'E7rt'Yuaq;ai: "OuQuvo~ <XO'tQu 'tUXLOV u3tOO~eOeL ~

3tO'tE Buem(hi~ o-uvofL' 'OfL1)QO'U M9lJ uQ3tuaexaL "
- -- (cPLA.IJt:J'tO A' !Lx. aL)
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(MaxT]MvLO 8ecroaA.ovLxTJ 60 !Lx. aL)
SEVOq;wV: no 3tu'tTjQ E3tLf.LEf.oVfLevo~ 03tW~ uvTjQ uyu90~ yevoi.fLlJv,

~vuyxuoe fLe 3tuv'tu 'to: 'OfLf]QO'U e3tlJ fLu9ELV' XUL vuv
b'Uvui.fLlJv <Xv 'I"'LUbu Of.lJV XUL 'OMOOELUV U3tO 0't6fLU'tQ~
(~u!L3t60'LOV b, 6)
215
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOUH~
~fhTvato~ "KuO'avbQO'~, 6 MaxEMvwv (3am.A.EV~, O'ihw~ ~v qlLAo-

IlfJQO'~, &~ <PfJO'L KaQvO'1;w~, ro~ btU O''tolla'tO'~ EXEW 'toov btoov 'tQ
nO'AAa". ('Em't0IL", 2,2, 127).
Mauuivva Max NrlwaJ.vr:

('OlLtALa 't'I'J eL 'to 'AQLO'tO'tEA.eWV IIav/lLwv ewlx'I'J)
"~1JO''ttlVW O''tO'u~ aVeQ<.l)jtO'1J~ va. <'ha(3uO'O'1JV 'to'UAUXLO''tO'V 'tov
"OllfJQO' nQLv nE8uVO'1JV ... "
POpJreg (JJAaneJ..dt!:
"MoAL~ 'tEAELCl>O'O'1JIlE 'to ;avabLu(3aO'llu 't01J, <pAEyollaO"tE ano
awnO'IlO'VfJO'La va. 'tov ;avaQxLO'O'1JIlE. ~XEMv, !l1tO'QO'UIlE va. nO'UIlE,
ncb~ Tj O'1JvavaO''tQO'<PTJ IlE 'tov "OllfJQO' bEv 'tEAEL<l>VEL, naQa. IlE 'tijv
~Wtl"
Ronsard: (To ava<pEQEL 6 PO'!l1tEQ AaO'EAtEQ)

"SEAW 'tQEt~ !!EQE~ YLa. va. bLU(3UO'W 'tiJv 'D.Luba 'to'U 'OlltlQO'1J,
YL' au'to .. xAEtO'E 'tTJV nOQ'ta" .
'0 nnutiqm~ EYQa<pE O'1Jxva. btLO''tO'M~ O''tov "OllfJQO'!

(T~. XCiLYXE't '''II IO.aoOLxil :n:aQcl.boo'I'J 11 'Exb. MIET)
'EnWfJ~: (Xatyxn:)
'H nQc.O'tTj AO'YO''tEXVLXTJ IlE'tu<pQaO'fJ ano IlLa. YAooooa O'E aAATj
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q>QaOE 'tTJV 'OMO'oELa o'ta Aa'twLxu. (Kat (J'IJ/L:ItA.'l'JQWVEL): Eva 'tE'tOLO'
:rwLfJlla O'av 'tTJV 'IALuba, ab-uva'tOv va dXE naQabO'8fj XWQL~
YQaq>tl .. "
'0 Bix'r(1)U Ovyxw o'to EQYO'V 'to'1J K@o ....Ild., OVO'IlU~EL 'tov
BLQYLAW "aV'tLYQa<pEa" xaL OEAtlVTj 'to'U 'OlltlQO'1J" .
II
216
MA0HMA 190v
J.le Goff, xaOTJY KOLVWV. 'EJtW't'.:

"Homere, Ie plus grand ancetre de notre culture occidentale"
(=0 "O!-lTJQo~, 0 ihjJLO'tO~ JtQoyovo~ 'ti'i~ A'lJ'tLXi'i~ !-la~ naL~ELa~).
(J. de Romilly, Pour l' Amour du Grec, OA. 131)
"EI E>EO~ E~TIN OMHPO~ EN AE>ANATOI~I ~EBE~E>Q

E1 A' AY MH E>EO~ E~TI , NOM1ZE~E>Q E>EO~ EINAI".
{'EAATJV. eJtLYQacpTJ EL~ 'tov JtLvaxa 'tou Ingres, '1<H (mOOEWOL~ 'tOu
'O!-lf)QO'lJ" ).
**
'H eocpaA!-lEVTJ aV't(A.TJ'ljJL~ O'tL 0 "O!-lTJQo~ ~EV UJti'iQ;E xat O'tL 'tel
Mo EJtTJ ElvaL ~TJ!-lLOuQYTJ!-la ~LacpoQwv eAaooovwv Qa'IjJCfJ~wv, EXEL
ltMov emo'tTJ!-lOVLXa aJtoQQLcp8i'i. MEA.E'tE~ !-lEOCfJ HIY aJtE~EL;av O'tL
eIVaL EVLata XEL!-lEVa Jtou EX0'lJV o'lJV'tE8fj aJto Eva xat 'to au'to JtQo-
multo. 'E; aAAO'lJ, eQE'lJVooV'ta~ JtQOoEx'tLxa OAO'lJ~ 'tou~ aQxaLO'lJ~
o'lJYYQacpEt~ Jtou avacpEQoV'taL o'tov "O!-lTJQo (xaL avacpEQoV'taL 01
ltEQLOOO'tEQOL) aJtoXO!-lL!;O'lJ!-lE 'tTJV aVa!-lcpLO~f)'tTJ'ta ~La't'lJJtw!-lEVTJ
aV'tLATJ'ljJL 'to'lJ~, O'tL O!-lLAOUV JtEQL OLXELO'lJ E~ au'tou~ LmOQLXOU JtQO-
ou)JtO'lJ, w~ A.X.
I'r(!apwv (VI o. 218)

"La!-lLO~ ~E ~v KQEOOCP'lJAAO;, ov cpaOL ~E;a!-lEVOv ;EVL<;t JtO'tE
"O!-lTJQov, Aa~EtV ~wQov 'tTJV emYQacpTJv 'tou JtOLf)!-la'to~, 0 xaAouOLv
otxaALa~ ".AA.wo~".
At66w(!o~ It"clu;)'r7J~ (BtpA. 6,9 4)

"KaGtEQ 'tfj~ xooQa~ (~TJA. 'tfj~ ALyUJt'tO'lJ) 'to JtaAawv ~'lJOEm
~a't'o'lJ 'tOt~ ;EVOL~ oiJOTJ~, o!-lW~ EoJtE'lJOaV et~ au'tf)V ... 'twv !-lev
aQxaLO~a't'WV, 'OQCPEU~ xat 0 JtOLTJ'tTJ~ "O!-lTJQO~ ... ".
I'req;. Bv{;avrtO~
"<J:laotv O'tL "O!-lTJQo~ ev BOALOOCP en:' aXQov XLO'lJ JtATJOLOV, 'ta~
OLa't'QL~a~ EJtOLEt'tO, w~ "EcpoQo~".
217
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7it11.D100itOUg. l?1 D1D1<)11ADUD :SUDJug,
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(D1AilsuTilOXOU1;? A<?1D
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MA9HMA 190v
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aq>E'tEgnat'V cl'taaOal..inat'V (~o't.):

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cpol-taL (nQBA. <lnWAELa, oAE8go~, nuvooAE8gLa).
'YnEgirov: EnL8Et'ov t'oil'HALo'U. '0 s ihjJo'U~ ({JrtEg) toov (=BclAJ..ooV).
'tOlV a/lOOEV._
... -ELrtE xut ~!iLv (ano 6noLO~rlnO'tE I-tEgo~ uvt'wv, nE~ xui OE I-ta~).
***
221
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---
~HnUVJ 3:H>tINHW3 3:VIVXdV V1VVIIH9VVII HJUJV H>tINHW3
MA8HMA 200v
M6.81J ....a 200v
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I1uQuYQ. 82 rQuf.l.f.I.. 1tuQ't~uvotJ.
2. 'Y3to"ta'X"tt'Xi) 'Xat Eu'X"tt'Xi) "tou II).vopat ".
***
EIEAn~rH EIE THN TPArnAIAN KAI METPIKHN
T(!a"/tp~ia: "tQuyoov 4>~TJ. Ta 3tQw"tu XOQt'Xa E'ljlUMoV"to emo flE"tEfl-

<PtEaflEVOU~ Et~ "tQuyou~, a'XoAouOOU~ "tou Ilavo~ 'Xat "tau
~tovUOou. 'E'X "tfj~ "tQayq>~La~ 'Xat"to OTJflEQtVO ""tQayou~t".
A(!apa: E'X "tou ~Quoo -w (oXt WtAfj OEU"tQ. a3taYYEAi,a, aAM (JUvufla
~Qao~. IlQ~A.. 'Xat "tt~ OT]flEQtVE~ "3tQUt;Et~" "tou 9EU"tQOU, E'X "tou
ltQunoo) .
~QyO"tEQOV, ~Qafla 'Xat "tQayq>~i,a OT]flai,vouv"to au"to.
To ~Qa!la il "tQayq>~La "~WUO'XE"tat" (E'X mu O"tL Ot ~QaflU"tL'Xot
ltOtT]"tat Mi,~a<J'Xov "toiJ~ "3tO'XQL"tU~. IlQ~A. OT]flEQtviJ O'XT]V09EOi,a).
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225
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aywvd;o/-tivove; xat aucpavo/-tivove;, 0 (}avaroe; xad).afJev".
(ID.ou't. 'HS. X-88)
*
'H aQxa(a 'tQaycpMa llEv dXE ILOVOV 'lll'UxaywYLxoV oxo:n:ov,
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ft9LXO:n:OLi]on. OME~ Aao~ ElxE :n:o'tE XU'tL :n:aQOILOLOV ILE 'to EA.A.Tl-
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:n:ayxoolL(W~, :n:QOOllLOQ(~OV'ta" EAATlVLXU.
01. 'Ivllol, 't~V 9W'tQLX~ OXTlV~ 't~V OVOILU~O'UV YAVANICA,
llTlAab~ 'IwvLxi], 01. bE 'IoAavbol, ATRIDI, a:n:o 'tou~ 'A'tQELllE~. -
"Ai nov 'EH~vwv .no).eLe; .nQdn:wl'a OU! l'ije; .nOLTJl'Lxije; .naL-
oevovaLv, ov 'ljJvxaywyiae; XaQLV o~.novOev 'ljJLAije; cUAu
awcpQovw/-t0v ... .naLOWl'LXO YUQ elvai cpam xat e.naVOQ(}Wl'L-
xoi nov q(}wv".
'0 :n:ao(yvwo'tO~ OQLOILO~ 'tou 'AQLO'tO'tEAO'U~ bLa 't~v

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avex(}a~e {leyaA.17 r:fj q;wvfj: "'Axovw av(}(}w.71e a.7lotet~, OVX oew
{lovov, aUa {lOt ooxet~ r:at~ xe(}atv avr:at~ A.aA.ety. "
(Ao'U'Xtavo<; 3t. oQX. 63)
'A'X0fl.ll: ~ 'tQuycp6ta ~'to mho 3totJ a~fl.EQu QVOfl.(H;o'Ufl.E

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3tOWL'taL'tO UVU:7taLO'tL'XOV 6tfl.E:gOV.
*
H APXAIA EAAHNJKH TPAmMA
XOE; - mJp1QU - VQ&O
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:rrOt1]T:lXO xat r,(}tXo:rrvEV{lanXO (:rratouywytXo xar:a {3a(}o~) :rre(}E-
XO{levo, war:e ot yovet; e:rra(}vav xat r:a .7laWta r:ov~ ar:a (}ear:ea,
{le d,v a(}aytar:1] {3e{3awr:1]r:a, on exet (}a anOA.a{l{3avuv avva(}.71a-
aT:xe~ xaA.A.tr:exvtxe~ .7la(}aar:aaet~. Kat (}a e{3A.e.71av r:oaa a~w{lt
fJ.1]T:a :rra(}atJey{lar:a, war:e va ytvovv xat r:a .7latOta avr:a, aav (}a
{leyaA.wvav, .7l(}ay{lar:xot av(}(}w.71ot xat a.71ovoawt oi.71oA.tr:e~...
229
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnnH~
~'tov aQxai'o xoaf-lo c}ev vnijQxe (LUo XOlVO nov va VOUV(JEt :lrto
XaAa 'tt~ ()ea'tQtxe~ naQaa'taaet~ xat va f-le'texet nw ev'tOva a'to
()eaf-la ano 'to a()'YjvaLXo XOtvo ...1ev vnijQxe (UAO~ ()eank:lrto
evyvwf-l(JJV yta f-lta ne'tvxrJf-lev'Yj naQamaa'Yj, ilia OVU nw enicpo-
{30~ yta f-ltei aMva't'Yj naQamaa'Yj. .itno 'tov a()'Yjvaio Mv 5ecpevye
OVU 'to naQUf-ltxQo Aa()o~ 'tov q()onowv...
Tov~ :lrtO Aen'tOv~ vnatvtYf-lov~ 'tov~ aVnAaf-l{3avovmv af-lEaw~

ot a()'YjvaLOt. "Omv a'ti}v 'tQaycpMa 'tov AiaxvAov '''En'ta ent
6hj{3a~" av'trjxrJaav 'ta Aoyta: "Av'to~ Mv ()EAet va cpaivemt, f-la
va elvat Mxaw~l11, OAO ot ()ea'te~ mQacp'Yjxav nQo~ 'tov .itQtmeic}'Yj,
nov " ev()v't'Yj'ta 'tOV qmv naaiyvwa't'Yj. ~'ti}v 'tQaycpMa of-lW~ 'tov
EVQmic}'Yj . '''Ogea't'Yj~", 0 Hy"AOXO~ e'bte Aa()ef-lEVa "yaAijV OQW ",
av'tl 'tOV oQ()ov "YaA"V' OQW ", f-le ano'tiAWf-la 0 c}vmvxo~ q()onO-
o~, va yivet a'toxo~ eiQwvetwv 'tov XOtvOV xat 'twv c}Qaf-lanxwv
aVYYQacpEwv, Mtai'teQa M 'twv XWf-lwc}wYQacpwv.2
Av'tot ot ev()ovatwoe~ ()ea.e~ c}ev 5exoAAovaav ano 'ta xa()i-

af-la'ta 'tOV~ f-lwi} f-leQa. MnQoma ma f-lana 'tOV~ 5e'tvUyovmv
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ayavax'tOvv, f-le 'to aa'tVQtxo c}Qiif-la nQoacpegov'tav a'tov xa't6.xo-
no ()ea'ti} f-lta avaxovcpta'Yj. KVQw XUQax't'YjQtmtXO 'tOv aa'tvgtxov
c}Qaf-la'tO~, nov 'to elxav XA'YjQoV0f-l"aet ano 'tov c}t()vQaf-l{3o, qmv 0
avvc}vaaf-lo~ 'tOv "QWtxoV f-le 'to 1tatyvtc}taQtxo...
Twv nagaa'taaewv nQo'YjyeL'tO aetQa OAOXA'YjQ'Yj ema"f-lwv

'teAE'twv ()Q'Yjaxev'ttxov xat XaAAtUXVtxOV XQwf-la'to~ xal ot nU(?a-
a'taaet~, f-la~t f-le 'tl~ yWQ.e~, exaAvnmv avv,,()w~ OAOXA'YjQO 'tQt,,-
f-leQo. .itxoAovOovae " avax"Qv5'Yj xat " {3Qa{3eva'Yj 'twv vtx'Yj'twv.
Ka'tomv, a'to neQicp'Yjf-lo II Oea'tQo L1 wvvaov ", {3aaiAeve naAt
1. "ou YUQ /)<meiv I'llxaw~ &:JJ.: e1VaL eeA.EL"

2. "EXXUlla:trov YUQ aM~ a~ ya).~v' oQ/ii". (Bu'tQ. 304)
230
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aoxoAie(; "al 'tl(; /il-"ee(; 'twv OUla"eOaael,(;. Ta JrAOia uvv "alea/ie-
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yui va a"Oe7tiaovv af: OAOV 'tOY "oa/io 't"v e'to1]a1] mv /ieyaAeiov
rfj~ loxveij(; ~()rJva(;. 01 of: 7taAwl "al veOL 7t01].e(;, JrOV 1]'tav
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va /iOx()ovv I'm 't"v 01]/iWveyia vewv eeywv...
<Qo'toao, oaO "L av 1]'tav ot ~()1]vaiO 'teaYl-"ol JrO1]'W4 7:eei~

p.ovov "ad,,'t1]aav 't"v arowLa &S~a "al 'tOY mo av()oe/i1]'tO ()av-
p.aa/iO 'tij~ av()eW7t07:1]'ta(;, ano 't"v "AaOal-"" eJroX" w~ 't"v Ol-"rJ
p.a~. Ka4 07tW~ OAa oeixvovv, av't" 't"v acp()a(!'t1] 06~a, av'tov 'tOY
ovvexw~ avaveoV/ievo ()aV/iaa/iO 'tij(; Jray"oa/iUl(; tjJvxij~ 7teO(; 'to
/iiya JrveV/ia, ()a 'tOy exovv avvooo w~ 7:a {3a()1] 'tOV anonamv
p.iAAovm~...
FLa 7:0V Jrew'tO, 0 B. OVY"W eyeatjJe: ""OJrOW~ oev "a'tala{3ai-
VeL 'tOY AlaxvAO elvaL aYLa'teev'ta /ihew~. IIavw mov AlaxvAO ()a
OO"L/iaaOV/ie 'tl(; OLaVOte(;". FLa 'tOY ~OCPO"Aij, 0 Fee/iaVO(; JrOL1]'t,,(;
"al Oea/ia'tl-"O(; avYYeacpeiJ(; ,,0/i1](; QJov IIAa7:ev OLe"rJeV~e: ""0, n
~ "aeOLa 'tOV av()eWJrOV eA7til;eL "al V7tocpeeeL, 7:0 ebre(; eav /if: 't(;
Ol-"i(; oov XfJ..te(; yAwaae(;". Kalo Thai7:e o1]/ietWveL I'm 'tOY Evemi-
01]: "~v eva(; avyxeOVO(; ()eAeL va v7tOOei~eL if aV7:ov'tov /ieyaAO
aexaio 0ea/iamVeYL"a 'tov acpaA/iam, "Co /iOVO awa7:o elvaL va 'ta
imooei~eL yovanmo(;".
Eiliq Oumqe(J)~ tv "'(0 6etZ"'Urp:

- 7:eay L"" (e/i/ieAeLa)
- "WIU"" ("oeoa~)
- aa"CveL"" (ai"LVVL(;)
(,AOllv. I, 73)
231
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA0HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOUH!
-AESIAorION
OU'tuQLXOV, o(l'tuQa, OU'tLQa.
EXETlKA KEIMENA
"MaXUQLOV EO'tLV " 'tQaycpbLa nOLTJJl.a XU'ta. nuv'ta, <PTJol,v

'AV'tL<puVT)e;, EL yE nQoo'tov of. AOyOL uno 'tOOV 8Ea'toov El.ol,V EyvroQL-
OJl.EVOL, nQl,v xaL 'tLva dnELv' ... ovoJl.a'ta.. Civ EV 'tL 'to'lJ'trov naQaALnTI
XQEJl.TJe; 'tLe; 1\ <l>ELbrov 'tLe;, EXO'UQf't.'tE'tUL II .
"r '(A(}~vaw~- 'Em7:0f.tTJ 2, 1, 84)
" ... of. 'tQuycpbOVV'tEe;, EXnLn'tOV'tEe; xat O'UQL't'tOJl.EVOL, EVLO'tE bE

xat Jl.aO'tLYO'lJJl.EVOL 'tLVEe; au'toov, ~e; Civ't<p 8EU'tQCP boxft".
(Aovxlavoq- :4.7rOAOyia 713)
IIOl,XE'tTJV 1\ CiYYEAOV 'tLVa Jl.l] bE~LOOe; unoxQLvao8UL, Jl.LXQOV'tO

n'tULoJl.a 'tov t\La bE 1\ 'tov 'HQaxMa Jl.l] xa't' cl~LaV EmbE~uo8UL
'tOLe; 8EU'taLe;, clno'tQonULov roe; xat atOXQov ". \
(Aovxtavoq- ~lVq if :4vafiwvV1:q 602)
232
MA8HMA20ov
XPONOE KAI TPOnOE TON llAPAI:TAEEoN

(a3tO 3tUAaLOV lluBrl'tLXOV E'YXELQibLOV -OELill)
"Movov OE WQLo!JkVE~ OQ'tE~ 'tOU ALOvUOOU ()L()UOXOV'tuv'tQu-

YW()I~' ~ ()t6uoXUAI.a 'tOU~ eIXE aYWVW'tLXO XUQux'tfjQu.
I1Qo~ 'tLIlT]V 'tOU ALOVVOOU YLVOV'tUV o'tT]V 'A't'tLXT] 'tEOOEQL~
OQ'tE~: rel MtX(Jel i] xul" ayeov~ LltOvvata, rel A1jvata, rel MeytUa
i] ev ameL Llwvvata, rel "AvOem1jeLa.
Ku'tel 'tel aVBecr't~QLU ()EV ML()UOXOV'to ()QUIlU'tU. Ku'tel 'tel
!!LXQel ALovvmu YLVO'tUV (J'tou~ ()~IlOU~ 'tfj~ ~'t'tLXfj~ E3tUVUAll'\jlL~
:n:uAaLo'tEQwv YQUY<P()LroV. NEE~ 'tQuY<P()I~ ML()UOXOV'to xu'tel 'tel
A1jvata, AUIl3tQO'tEQu O!!W~ XUI. E3tlollllo'tEQa xa'tel 'tel ev aaUL
Llwvvata (i]()1l a3tO 'to 534).
Tel ev aaret Llwvvata wQ'tu~oV'to E3t1. E~L ~!!EQE~' a:n:o alhE~,
o'tl,~ 'tQeL~ 'tEAEu'tuLE~ ()LEMyoV'to 01. 0eUflal'LXOL aywve~ ('tT]V
E:n:O:n:'teLU 'tOU~ ElxE 0 E3tOOV1JIlO~ uQXwv).
'0 3tOLll'tT]~ :n:ou E:n:LBu!!oUOE vel AU~ll IlEQO~ o'tov ayrovu
U:n:E~UAAe (J'tov uQX0V'tu 'tQEL~ 'tQuY<P()I~ xul, Eva OU'tUQLXO ()QUIlU
xul, fjUL xoeov. '0 uQXwv, aqmu IlEAe'tOUOE 'tel eQYu XUI. (J1J1l~OU
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xul, E()LVE 'to ()LXULW!!U 'tfj~ (J1J!!!!E'tOXfj~ o'tov ayrovu OE 'tQEL~ :n:OL-
1j'tel~ a:n:o EXELV01J~, 3tOU eIxuv U:n:O~UAEL ah~oEL~. ~'tou~ :n:OLll'tel~
ulJ'tou~ E()LVUV a!!OL~T] a:n:o 'to ()1j!!omo 'taIlEto, a:n:o 'to o:n:oLo E3tA1j-
QoovoV'to xal. 01. U:n:oxQL'taL, 'tQE~ ytU 'tov XUBE :n:OL1j't~. Tel IlEYUAV-
'tEQU Ollw~ ESO()U ~'tuv 'tel a:n:aL'tOV!!EVU YLel 'tov XOQo xut uu'tel
aVEAUIl~uVaV XUBE 1P0Qel 'tQEL~ 3tAOVmOL 'AB1jvuLOL, ot xoerJYo{.
ME xAfjQo oQL~o'tav 0 :n:OL1j'tT]~ !!E 'tov 03tOLO Bel OUVEQyu~o'tav 0
XU8EVU~ a:n:o 'tou~ 'tQE~ XOQ1jYov~.
'0 :n:OLll'tT]~ ~'tav XUI. oxllvoB'tll~ 'trov EQYWV 'tou' aOXOUdE 'tov
XOQo (J'to (lOIlU xut 'tT]V oQX1l0L, eXUVE 'tT]V xa'tavo!!Tj 'trov :n:Qoooo-
:n:wv 'trov EQYWV (J'tou~ U:n:OXQL'tel~ xal. aOXOUOE au'tou~ (J'tTjv a:n:ay-
YEALU, 'tTjv !!L!!LXTj x'tA. MEQLXE~ IPOQE~ aVEAull~uVE 'tTj ()L()UOXUALU
tou XOQou L()LO~ XOeOOLOaaXaA.o~.
233
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'50AQ,lA3 9 0D II o.Ol. orloQ99D1lt9
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5<;1%11%ODl.D%00lt 9 013~]10ltl.D% DAQ,lA~ A<;I1 Al0lt 53a~rll,t 53A]V
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MA9HMA20ov
'Hxou<n: 11 aUAmy; xat 0 xfjQ'U; uvmprovouaE 'to ovo~.ta 'tou

Jtol'YJ'tou 'tou OJtOLo'U 'to Qya So EJtaL~OV'to 'tllv JtQOO't'Y1 111lEQa (xat
avn) roQL~e'tO Ill; xAfjQO). Tt; EJt()IlEVE~ Mo 11IlEQE~ So EJtaL~OV'to ot
'te'tQaAoyLe~ 'trov aAArov JtOl'l]'troV, JtUAl xa'to tilv aElQO 'tfj~ XA'TIQOO-
aero~.
Kat 't0l aQXl~e 11 JtaQua'taa~ 'tfj~ JtQoo't'l]~ 'tQaYCfl~La~ 'tllV wQa

:n:eQLJto'U Jtou 0 flALO~ UVE'tEMe. ot UJtoxQl'tat JtaQo'UaL<i~oV'to a'tllv
oQXTJa'tQa V't'UIlEVOl IlE JtOA'U'tEA.eLa. 'E<pQoV'tl~av vo Elvm 11 Ile'tall-
<pLeaL~ 'to'U~ JtaQu~o;'l], wa'tE xaL av'tll vo a'UV'tEAfj a'tllv UJt0IlU-
XQVVOl 'trov SEa'trov <lJtO 'tllV JtE~ll JtQaYlla'tlXO't'l]'ta xaL 'tllV IlE'ta-
<poQu 'to'U~ a'tou~ Il'USlXOU~ xoallo'U~ 'tfj~ 'tQaYCfl~La~. <l>oQouaav
xo()6(!vov~, uJto~TJlla'ta IlE U'IjJ'YJAO xa't'tvlla'ta, xaL ~lu<poQa
:n:aQaYEIlLalla'ta xu'tro uJto 'to EvMlla'tu 'to'U~, Wa'tE vo <paLvoV'tm
mo IlEyaAoarollOl, oJtro~ 0 Aao~ <paV'ta~o'tav 'tou~ flQroE~. "H Ev~'U
llaaLa 'to'U~ ~'tav pE~ma UVUAOY'l] JtQo~ 'to JtQoaroJto 'to OJtOLOV
U:n:Ec%OV'tO, YEVlXro~ ollro~ ot Xl'troVE~ 'to'U~ ~aav JtO~TJQEl~ IlE XQro-
lla'tla'tE~ xa'taxoQ'U<pE~ Qap~ooaEl~ xaL XElQl~ro'toL 01 llavME~
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MQE~ YQall~~ ~roYQa<pla~va 'to xaQax't'l]Qla'tlXO 'trov ~La<poQrov
:n:QooooJtrov 'toli ~Qulla'to~. To yuvmxEta JtQooroJta 'ta uJtEMoV'to
aV~QE~.
'0 XOQo~ ~'tav V't'UIlEVO~ UJtAova'tEQa. ELOTJQXE'tO a'tllV oQXTJ-
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~aSo~ 5) il xa'to ~'UYo (IlE'troJtO 5, ~uSo~ 3). "Qa'tE ~'tav 'tE'tQUYro-
VO~ xaL 0Xl X'UXAlXO~, oJtro~ a'tov ~lSvQall~o.
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lloVO uJto a,,'tov~, ot OJtOLOl UJtE<puOl~av 'tEAl'Xro~ YlO 'to <lJtO'tEA.e-
olla 'tou uyrovo~. To UJto'tEAEOlla'to UVE'XOLVroVE ullEaro~ 0 'XfjQ'U;.
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MA8HMA20ov
Ka8' OV DE XQovov 8aAaoomeQa'toUvtE~ ~811vaLOL aVfjyov E~

(iO't'l) 'ta~ VTJOL{J)'tLxa~ oi.xa~, YQa'IjJaIlEvo~ 'tL~ xal. 'tov 'HY"llova,
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yaywv 'tOiJ~ XEQI. 'tov ALOVUOOV 'tExvi.'ta~ (OTJA. 'toiJ~ TJ80XOLOU~),
3tQoofjA8EV IlE't' alJ'twv ~xLfhaon, ~OTJ8ELV a;Lwv. '0 DE 8aQQELv
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MTJ'tQcpov, oxo'U 'tWV OLXWV ~oav ai YQa<pai., xal. ~QE;a~ 'tov oax't'U-
AOV EX 'tou o'tolla'to~ OL"AEL'ljJE 'tT]V oi.xTJV 'tou 'HyTJIlOVO~".
('A8iJvmo~, 'E3tL'tOfl.~ 2, 2, 22)
"Avo t:iuiv av~quiV'fE~ iv 'f~ :40'ljV1JUt OEIZ-rq(p,

() PEv be ~ESUlJV f)EPtU'fOXUOV~, () ~i is EV(J)vV-
P(J)V Mt).'fui~ov, lr).1Juiov ~i av'fwv ixa'feqov
neqU1J~ aizpa).(J)'fo~. "
237
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7:eAeVi17, uvv f,lf:V aAAwv ef,lvrJf,lovevaev ovoevo~, oO~rJ~ e~
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nOAtV eyea1/Je, xat w~ avoeeta~ f,l(ie7:vea~ exot 7:0 Maea()WVt
(Uao~ xat Mi}owv 7:0V~ e~ aV7:o ano{Javw~".
(IIUllO'. 'ATILXcl, A' 14)
'0 LO'UL6a~ UVCUPEQEL:

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qJo~ Of: 'Af,lewiov EVqJoeiwvo~ xat Kvvatyeieov, 7:WV el~
Maea()wva aetmevaav7:wv af,la aVuf>. "Eaxe of: xat vlov~ 7:eayt-
xov~ OVa, EVqJOeLwva xat BLwva. 'Hywvi~e7:o of: aV7:o~ ev 7:fj ~()I
OAVf,lmaot, e7:wv wv x e I oiJ7:0~ neW7:0~ eiJee neoawneia oeLVa xat
XeWf,laat xeXeWf,leva exetv 7:OV~ 7:eaytxov~, xat wi~ ae{JvAat~ wi~
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yevof,levo~".
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axoJ...LaO't~~ (CHRIST) 6LaJtLO'tc.OVEL: "llnoirJai~ 7:0V elvat MOeeOla
aavvetoi}7:ov owvvataxov ev()ovataaf,lov. '0 AlaxvAo-; avviOe7:e
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'Eetvvat, 7:OV~ u unOXet7:a~ xeteiat axenaaa~ xat up avef,lan
e~oyxwaa~, f,lei~oai u 7:oi~ xo()oevot-; f,leuweiaa-;" ...
"Ilew7:0~ enevorJaev exxvAi}f,la7:a xat neetax7:0v~, e~aa7:ea 7:e
xat neoaxi}vta xat oW7:eyia~ xat xeeavvoaxoneia xat {Jeov7:eia
240
MA9HMA21ov
nat yeQavov;. "Hr:o de nat f.leAcpduiJv avv()er:'Yj; nat oQX1]aewv ecpev-

er:'Yj;".1
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nX.: "'Ent aQxovr:o; CPtAouAtov;, 'OAvf.lntadt oydo'Yjnoar:fj, er:et
devr:eQcp, nQwr:o; AlaxvAo; 'Ayaf.lef.lVOVl, XO'YjCPOQOl;, EVf.levtat,
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nQoacpvd r:ijJ f.leyaAetcp
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1. MU.t1:eOlV oIxo;: 11 Ev 'tCP 'toov MEAL'terov ~~J.I.<p, OL%6~ 'tL~ ~v :rtuJ.l.J.l.Eye8'f)~, E~

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241
EMHNIKH ArOrH MAE>HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rJ\OIIHI
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tOALflEQ TWtt..LV)
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249
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2riXOl JT:(!OOl#WV:
"OJtOO~ xal. Ot~v 'OMOOELa, xal. E~ro 0 JtOL"t~~ aQXL~EL ILf;
EJtLXA"OL JtQO~ t~v SEa -Mouoa xal. ILu~ M~EL EV O'UVtOILL~ t~V
lJJtoSEOL tou JtOL~ILato~, Jtov ~f;V ElvaL ~ JtEQLYQacp~ toU TQOOL%OU
JtOA.EILo'U aMa ~ ILijVL~, 0 S'UILO~ tOU ~XLMEOO~.
p,tijVt;: ~LaQx~~ S'UILO~, XaXLa (Ex tOU ILaLVOILaL xal. ILEVOO)
(JtQ~A. SEoIL"vLa)
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("5x>013'X 5~1 ooO;tX>
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(1tiltl-Ac,t0 0.01 09r. 3Xl!Ao.~ 13,Ar.> :aXIqA(\~
(0c,t910 10A13X~ "{lt9) 513cbo '11X> ~XJ.o.9 :aWcbD
(A0001X~Ar.> '''{gO:1) 5~3"{10x>g '5lt19:1039 :~DA'9
'(mlADWJ19 S1acft9lt~ lD 'rllw "t~Olt 10X>10~19
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'A<ptio.1m9Ao.O
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A<?Alt1:1 A<?X13,Ax>ti (Z A03A02 AO"'~cboxox>o (1 :59A{l)10
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(Ol.DA~O A,?1 '?~ 1DX
oO:il1<poa~ocb ,?XDX 011aoroaOi/ A<!)oxaA A<!)1 ~cbD1 ~rllL)
'(A13"{~ tio.1~) AOO1~tiOO1:1 Aoocb~1r.> 1:1~ 5OOJ91 'X>J3"{ :A010l?,,{~
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(~ti11+ 5q>oo.Xo1= 1cbJ) 501309Ar.> '50ti13,A~ :50ri10cbl
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AIO~IOY AAIKAPNAl;EEUE
poMAiKH APXAIOAOIlA
A. 61, 1. "'On be 'KaL 'to 'tWV TQoooov E8vo~ "EM'I1VL'KOV EV 'toL~ Ila.AL-
(J'ta ~V E'K IIEAo:7towrioo'lJ :7to'tE OOQIl'l1IlEVOV, ELQ'I1'taL IlEV 'KaL a.MOL~
'nOL :7ta.AaL, AEX8i]OE'taL 6E 'KaL :7tQO~ Ello'll 6L' OALyOOV. "EXEL be 6
f..oyo~ :7tEQL alhwv (ME. (A' 61,2-61,3-61,4-61,5-62,1-62,2) .
.. :g~ IlEV 6iJ 'KaL 'to TQOOL'KOV YEVO~ "EAA'I1VL'KOV aQXfj8EV ~v 6E6i]-
f..OnaL IlOL.
***
-ANArNflEMA
Havuaviov lIl/Jwxtxa II
"cfJWXLXi] WrOVOLa "
(ot <l>roxe1:):
3. 'KaL 9woaAwv EvaV'tLa E:7tOAEIl'l10aV :7tQO'tEQOV E'tL ~ EA.a.OaL

tov Mfj60v E:7tL "EM'I1Va~, <hE 6iJ 'KaL E:7tE6ELsaV't0 ot OO'KE~ EQya
E Ilvi]Il'l1V. Ka'ta yaQ 'tiJv "Ya.!J.:7tOALV, ii 'tOiJ~ 9EooaAoiJ~ :7tQoOEM-
X0Vto EIl~aAEiv 0CPLOLV E~ 'tiJv xooQav, u6QLa~ 'KEQa.IlO'lJ :7tE:7tOL'I1IlEVa
'KatoQvsaV'tE 'KaL E:7t' alha~ yfjv E:7tLcpoQi]oaV'tE~, U:7tEIlEVOV 'tiJv
L:n:7tOV 'twv 9woaAwv' ot M, <'hE ou :7tQO:7tE:7t'lJOIlEVOL 'twv OO'KEOOV
tiJv tEXV'I1V, E:7tEA.a.OaV'tE~ 'toiJ~ L:n::7t0'lJ~ Aav8a.vO'lJOLV E:7tL 'ta~ u6QLa~.
'EVta'll8a a:7tExooAo'llV'to IlEV ot L:n::7tOL 'twv :7t06wv EO:7tL:7t'tOV'toov OCPL-
OLV E~ ta~ MQLa~, E'K'tELVOV'tO be 4. 'KaL a:7tE:7tL:7t'tOV ot a.V6QE~ a:7tO
twv L:7t:7tOOV. cg~ 6E ot 9woaAoL IlELtOVL ~ 'ta :7tQo'tEQa E~ 'toiJ~
())'KEa~ XQOOIlEVOL 'tTI oQyU, O'UVEAEX8'11oav a:7tO 'tWV :7tOA.EOOV :7taOWV
%aL E~ 'tiJv oo'KL6a EO'tQa'tEVOV'tO.
257
----_../
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAnnH~
5. Tailta ro~ btuSovtO ot <l>roXEL~, Aoyu~a~ tQLaxoaLou~ xaL

rEArova en" aVtoL~ aQxovta a:nOateMoumv e~ tOU~ :nOAE!-LtoU~ aQtL
aQxoflevrJ~ vuxto~, :nQoatu1;avte~ acpLm xato:ntEilaaL tE to. tow
eEaaaArov, OvtLVa acpaveatatov Mvmvto tQo:nov xaL a{jS~ e~ to
atQutEUfla e:navfJxELv Xata troy (}~rov t~V fluALata ayvroatov,
flrJ~E Exovta~ flUXrJ~ aQXELv. O-otOL u:no troy eEaaaArov ot AOYU~E~
a:nwAovto aSQoOL xaL avtOL xaL () ~yOUflEVO~ acpLm reArov, O'Ufl:Tta-
tOUflEVOL tE u:no troy bt:nrov xal
6. u:no troy aV~Qrov cpoVEuoflEVOL. Kal ~ aUflCPOQa acprov xatu-
:nArJ1;LV tOL~ e:nl <> atQato:ne~ou troy <l>roxerov trJALxautrJv eVE:rtOLrJ-
aEV, WatE xaL ta~ yuvruxa~ xal :naL~a~ xal oaa troy XtrJflUtrov
aYELV ~v acpLmv ~ cpeQELv, EtL be xal eaSf]ta xal XQuaov tE xal
aQYUQov xal to. aYUAflata troy SEroV e~ tavto auW1;avtE~, :nUQelV
ro~ flEYLatrJv e:nOLrJaav, xal en" aVtOL~ aQLSflOv tQLuxovta
7. aV~Qa~ a:noAeL:nouaL' :nQoaEtetaxto ~E tOL~ aV~Quatv, d
~ttaaSm tOU~ <l>roxea~ O'Ufl~aLvOL tfi flUXU, totE ~~ :nQoa:noacpa-
1;m flEV tel~ yuvaLxu~ tE xal :naL~a~ xal ro~ LeQELa avaSevta~ tavtu
tE xal tel XQfJflata e:nl t~v :nuQelV xal evevta~ :nilQ, outro~ ~~rJ ~La
cp8aQf].~al aVtou~ ~tOL 'U:n' aAAfJArov ~ e~ t~V L:n:nOV troy
ewa~rov ea:nL:rttovta~. ~vtl toutOU flEV a:navta to. avuAY'Y)ta
pOUA.EUflata MOVOL(J. u:no 'EAAfJvrov OVoflU~Etm .mxtxi], totE be
ot <l>roXEL~ e:nOLoilvto aVtLXa e:nl toU~ 8. ewaaAou~ E1;o~ov.
- MA6HMA22ov
TP9IKH EKI:TPATEIA
AYNAMEII: AXAI9N
('EQyuOLU 'tOU o:7tou6uo'tou 'tfj~ EAA. ArQrm

n uvr:ekij ':Ae/3UV1Xl"'1'J)
HrEMONEE IIAOIA
APKME~ AI'AIllINQP 60
ATI(AHIIlMAI MAXAQN, IIOAAAEIPIO~ 30
APrEIOI AIOMHMn:, ~8ENEAO~ 80
ABANTE~ EAE<pHNQP 40
Eil~OLU
A6HNAIOI MENE~8ETI 50
BOIQTOI IIHNEAEQ~, AHITO~ 50
KONIO~, APKE~O~
IIP080HNQP
AQAEKANHLIOI <pEIAIIIIIO~, ANTI<pO~, 42
NIPETI, TAHIIOAEMO~
EIlEIOI (HAEIA) AM<plMAXO~, 8AAIIIO~ 40
AIQPIn:, IIOAYEEINO~
AITQAOI 80M: 40
EYMHAOY EYMHAO~ 11
BuaLALOY
EYPYIIYAOY EYPYIIYAO~ 40
BuaLALOY
HIIEIPQTE~ rOYNETI 22
KE<PAAAHNE~ OATIlliTI 12
KPHTE~ IAOMENETI, MHPIONIn: 80
AOKPOI AIM: 40
MArNHTE~ IIP0800~ 40
MYKHNAIOI AI'AMEMNQN 100
APxn:TPATIITO~
MYPMIAONE~ AXlAAETI 50
MlNYAI M:KAAA<pO~, IAAMENO~ 30
IlOAYilOITH BuaLALOY IIOAYIIO~, AEONTETI 40
IlPQTE~lAAOY IIPQTE~O~ 40
259
b
q
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAOLIHI
MAAMINIOI .AIM: TEAAMQNIO~ 12

AAKEMIMONIOI MENEAAO~ 60
I>QKE~ ~AIO~, EI1:a;rpOI>O~ 40
I>IAOKTIITOY BaOLf...ELOvI>IAOKTHTIU: 7
IIYAIOI NErrQP 90
AOYAIXE~ MEr:EU: 40
l;YMMAXIKAI AYNAMEIl; TON TPOON
o TPQIKO~ :ITPATO~
YIIO THN HrEllAN TOY EKTOPO~
APXHrOI
AAIZQNE~ OAIO~, EI1:a;rpOI>O~

AAPAANIOI AINE~, APXEAOXO~,
~
ZEAEIOI I1ANAAPO~
SPAKE~ ~,IIEIPOO~, P~O~
KAPE~ N~,AMI>IMAXO~
KAYKONE~
KIKONE~ EYI>ID40~
AEAErn~ AA~
AYKIOI ~I1HAQN, rAAYKO~
MAIONE~ ME~S~ ANTII>O~
MYllOI XPOMIU:, ENNOMO~
I1AIONE~ I1YP~
I1AI>AATONE~ IIYAAIME~
IIEAAll'OI II1I10S00~, IIYAAIO~
I1ITYEIA, THPEIA AAPA:ITO~ AMI>IO~
:rn::ITO~, ABYAO~, AEIO~
MImH
I>PYrE~ I>OP~,~IO~
AMAZONE~ IIENSE~IA
AISIOI1IA MEMNQN
MYllA EYPYI1YAO~
260
19Z
, u 13~J1DX 0'J.3D 11 ').A Ml)1~"HI j3gCP 3"(
-orl9 0:U: '3wmcbIL." :MplC)3 D1Drl1,t10:U: 1\>1 3~3"(cbjl1D'K 5DDCJ.O'Kl} 5n01~O'K0>:r"'" 'I
I 'DJmoDo"(lm A~W !:!-e(l)1DOm~ ~A 1D'X S13DI,t"(0X.DDA~ S~'X1~U
-10ll: 51~ UDl,tm~ ~A DJ11D ~ 3'XU8~W ~1Q.D DJmOOOM H. 'U1~0'X~ A9~
3D10<pM~ Aq;l1~ OZ DJ'X1"(~ ~~ '1,t'X11DtiD09 1D'X ~'X1ll:~- 1DUJOll: A~~ ~ti
~TI~ 'n01 S13A3JJ..nn JO A'?93Xn 10"(2 SOOll:2 ~'X111"(0ll: A~1 ~ti 3'XUel,t"(
-oXn~ A~V 'C,130 FP 1?~lt(JIYJD 1?~ mltpu II) n01J3"('XDOH. 0.01 ~1U8Dti
'0"(')-1DO)l A,?1 ,?ll:~ DJmODO"(lm A~W 3'XUel,tnti 'Sogum~ S~. 'OAO?.l.O
1D'X 0ll:001?ti n01 ')-1D"(ll: ,?1 ~J... 'DAOO1~,,(1l ~D !:!-"('XOW10v. 9ll:~ 30Dti
-9AOO13ti A,?1 S,?1Q.V 'SOJ...Ov;. ,?1 ,?ll:~ AOOWJ0V. S~DDAtiM '} 3gD"(?A~
~A.ooJ...~ (l.O1 l,t'Xl1DTiOOD A~.L 'AOO'X~OV '} SO"(D'XD~9190'X1Dnoti 1n'X
S010')-A01V '} SO"(D'XD~91901DtitiDOJ... n01 SOl,q;l01l '1DUe~ti ~1J... Dc!t19
lLw109103~ 313e?'l9 S0192 O. '1Doom09ti 1D'X ~ooJ...~ D13"(?1 3gn"(j1 'Sn
-J3A3J...0'Xl0 S!:!-'X11DO'XOW10~ 1D'X SDJDnO,,(ll: SOA9J... S~. 'DAOOW~ U:L?8
-OtiOA A,?1 ,?ll:~ n01 DO?1Uti ~ 1D'X 0(99)1 DroDDg A,?1 '?~ 013J...1,t1D'X
n01 SDO?1Dll: O. 'SI,tA3J...Q.3 '5!3AOJ... 0')-9 S~01 '?~ 1D)I 'uA911'X103II
~ n01 DO?1Uti 1D'X (S!:!-,,(nm S09JuJ...1V S!:!-1 D?Un"(o)l otiy,Q
A,?1 '?~) Sno?"('XOW1Ov. 0.01 '} AOOWJ0V. '} n01 SDOil1Dll 'X'll: LZt> 91
(DA1J...IV A~1D SnoTI~ .;t.D'X) DAl,tev. A~W UeI,tM3J...~ AOO1~"(ll 0,
SOM01~m 0.0 1 AOA0:il.. C;-1l'DX SOJa o.
NH.LIdX :IONH.LVVn
AOZ Inih9~W
AOlVWH9VW
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOnHI
M8 'tov }:;WXQ(l'tTJ 0XE'tL08TJXE O'tEVa E3tL IlLU OX'tUE'tLU, IlEXQL

bTJA. 'to 399, XQOVLCl 3tOU 8uvu'too8TJXE (, llixQa'tTJ~. To 3t000 dXE
E3tTJQEu08fj O,3tO uu'tov, O,3tO 'tL~ <PLAOOO<PLXE~ 't01J 01J~TJ'tiJOEL~ XUL
EQE1JVE~, <pULVE'taL 08 OAU 't01J 'ta OUY'YQaIlIlU'tU 03t01J (EX'tO~ a3to
'tou~ N6!lov~) 3tuQ01JOLa~EL 'tov }:;wxQCl'tTJ va (l,LE1J8uVTJ 'tilv ou~iJ
'tTJOL (l,LaAEX'tLXa XUL va Em~aUTJ ,;iJv YVOOIlTJ 't01J.
ME'ta 'tov 8avu't0 'to'll }:;wxQa'to1J~, (, <PLAOOO<PLXO~ XUXAO~ 'twv
llu8TJ'twv 't01J bLUAU8TJXE. at EVOL E<p1JYUV yLU 'tilv 3tu'tQLbu 't01J~: ot
}:;LIlLU~ XUL KE~TJ~ (J'tilv eiJ~u, (, EUXAELbTJ~ o'ta MEYUQU, (,
SEVO<pWV milv 'AoLa. '0 IIAcl'twV O,xoAou8TJOE 'tov EUXAELbTJ ma
MEYUQU 03t01J EJlELVE bUo XQOVLU. 'EXEL aQXLOE va ouY'YQa<PTJ 'tilv
3tQoot'TJ OELQa 'twv bLUMywv 't01J. }:;t'i1v ~8iJvu EmmQE<pEL 'to 395
3t.x. !tE 'ta EQYU ~Jl'OA.Orta, Kei7:wv, Ava17~, Xue!l617~, AaX17~, x.a.
To 388 3tQuYIlU't03tOLEL'tO 3tQw'to 't01J 'tuLbL milv K. 'hUALU XUL
}:;LXEALa, yLU EmmTJIlOVLXE~ XUL <PIAOOO<PLXE~ JlEM,;E~. "'E3tEL'tU MO
3tQOOXATJOL 'to'll t'1JQavvo1J ~LOV1JOL01J 'to'll 3tQEO~1J'tEQ01J E3tLOXE3t'tE-
'taL 'tilv UUAiJ 't01J 03t01J 3tQOOJ'tu8EL va 'tOV <PEQTJ 08 OQ80'tEQO (l,QOIlO
3tOAmxfj~. 'H OUVEQYUOLa O,3to't1JyxavEL. '0 ~LOvUOLO~ o'QXL~EL va
'tOv IlLofj XUL t'ov 3tUQUbWEL 08 XMOLOV IIoUTJ !tE 'tilv MOATt ~ va
t'ov <pOVEUOTJ ij va 'tov 3tWAiJ~ ro~ bOUAo. '0 IIOAATJ~ 'tov E3tOUATJOE
o,;iJv A'LYLVU 03t01J 'tov aYOQUOE (, K1JQTJvuIo~ ~VVLXEQTJ~, (, (,J'toIo~
XUL 'tov EAE1J8EQWOE. 'EyUQLOE o'tilv ~8iJvu 'to 387 Et~ ~ALXI.UV 40
E'tWV. To'tE a3tE<paoLOE va t(l,QUOTJ 0XOAiI YLa va 01J~TJt'fj IlE t'OU~
<PLA01J~ t'01J XUL va (l,L(l,aOXTJ. MLU oxoAiI 3tOU va bLU8Et'TJ XUt'aAUIlU-
t'u, xiJ3t01J~, xooQ01J~ OUYXEV'tQOOOEW~ X.A3t. 'AYOQUOE IlLU EX'tUOL
EW MO 'to ~i.3t1JAOV, xoVt'a mov "I3t3tELO KOAWVO. '0 XWQO~ UU'to~
ij't'o a<pLEQwIlEVO~ mov TlQwu ~xabTJIlO, E'tOL ~ }:;xoAiI ilivolla08TJXE
'Axu(l,TJIlLa (~xu(l,iJJlELa).1
1. ":AKab'I'Jf.LLa~ bE ou :n:oQQoo mu'toovo~ f.Lvijf.LU ECJ'tLV, ci> :n:QOEm1f.LULVEV " eEO~

UgLCJ'tOV 'to. e~ IplAoaolpLav EaEa8UL :n:QOEm1f.LULVE bE ou'too: ~OOKQU't'I'J~ 't'o 31:Qo-
'teQ~ VUK'tL Ti m(l'tOlV Ef.LEA.Aev EOEa8aL OL f.Lae'I'JTri~, Eo3tTfjvaL ot KUKVOV E~ 'tOv
KOA.:n:OV Elbev OVELQOV ECJ'tL bE KUKVqJ 'tq> oQvL8L, !io'UOLKf\~ M1;a "
TIa'Uaav. :AULKo. A' 30
262
MA0HMA230v
'H i\.xa~TJJ.tLa ~lieE'tE: 1) eva OLXTJJ.ta yliJ. xa'tOLxLa 'tOU EXOO'tO-

tE uQXTJYou 'tfj~ l.:xo/..fj~, 2) BL~/"LOe~XTJ, 3) 'IEQOv 'to:lV Mo'UOO:lv, 4)
To3to'U~ O'UYXEV"CQOOOEO>V, 3tEQL3tO'tO>V, UVa.3taUoEO>~. Ef..eL'tOUQYTJOE
allVEXO:I~ J.tXQL 'to 529 J.t.X. 03tO'tE 't~v EX/..ELOE 0 au'toxQo'tO>Q
Iollo'tLVLa.vo~.l
Axo/"OUeTJOE xat ~EU'tEQO xai. 'tQ(-co 'ta;L~L o't~v I'ta/..La, 'tu
<>3toi:a oJ.tO>~ dxav OXEMv 't~v L~La 'tUXTJ J.tE 'to 3tQO:I'to. ME'tU 't~v
E3tLO'tQOqn1 'to'U O't~v i\.e~va, YQoV"Ca~ 3tLO, (J'Uvx.WE ~v ()Qom 'tOll
(Jt~v AXa()TJJ.tLa. i\.3t8aVE ;aqJVLxu 'to 347 3t.x. OE Eva (J'UJ.t3tomo
YOIlOll, OE ~/"LXLa. 80 E'tO:lV xat hO<pTJ O't~v i\.xa()TJIlLa.. (Ka'tu 'tov
KLxQo>va, "scribens est mortuus").
k't~V l.:xo/..~ 'tov bLEMX8TJ <> UVE'ljJL6~ 'tOll i\.()E4LaV"Co~ xat uQYo-
'tEQa <> yvw~ 'tfj~ U~E/"<pfj~ 'tOll, 0 UteUOL3t3tO~.
Tu yv~oLa EQya 'tOU II/"o'tO>vo~ 3tOV bLEOoo8TJoav dVUL 36.
uO Aa, EX'tO~ 'tfj~ i\.3to/..oyLa..~, ExO'UV ()La./"0YLX~ J.toQ<P~ .

"eQaov,uo~ de q;qat "at "a't'<l ..T/v 't'QaYL""'v 7:E't'QaA.oyiav
i,,(5oiJvaL avt'ov t'Ov~ OLaA.6yov~, olav i"elvOL ..e't'(JaaL o(Ja/laOLV
ijy{J)vi~ovt'O ".
(~LOy. AaEQ't. 56)
*
KPITUN
Aui{!(J{!(J)O't~ AtaMSyov "at avtUvO't~ 1rE(!U:Zofd:vov
'0 bLO/"OYO~ au'to~ EXEL 0/..0. 'tu J.tQTJ evo~ QTJ'tOQLXOU /..6yo'U:
3tQOOLJ.tLO, 3tQo'tam, bL~YTJm, E3tLf..0YO, xat XO>QL~E'tUL Et~:
1. '''0 ~aat.AciJ~ eEa3tLaa~ bUl1;a;LV E3tE!1'1jlE'V E~ ~eT]'Va~ xEAzUaa~ !1fJbEva

bLMaxELV <pv..oao<pLa'V". ('I(()a'V'VtJ~ MaM.U..a~)
263
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOnH!
I. IIuooifllOV
Kupw.aux 1-2. :l" alJ'ta. ~T]AOOVE'taL 6 'toJto~, 6 XQovo~, 'ta. JtQo-
(Hlma, ~ '\jJUXLX~ ~LaSEOL~ xui 6 oxoJto~ 'tij~ BJtLOXE'\jJEro~ 'tou
KQhrovo~. EWLXOO'tEQU, O'tO KElpaAaLO 1 EXOUIlE 't~v BJti.aXE'\jJL 'tou
KQL'troVO~ o'to ~EOJ.l.ro'tTJQLO xui 'tTJV aYYEALu 'tij~ ~uoaQEo'tT]~
Et~TJOEro~ YLa. 'tOY ~roxQa'tT]. ~'to 2, 't~v a'tuQu;La 'tOU ~roxQa'tT], 't~v
yvOOJ.l.T] 'tou YLa. 't~v ellpL;L 'tOU JtAOLoU xui'tov XQovo 'tOU Suva'tou.
II 'Y:;rOBEOl, Ii BElla. Kecpw.aw. 3-16.

a) Kecpw.ata 3-5. IIQo'tao~ KQhrovo~ xui BJtLXELQTJJ.l.u'ta 'tou.
10 v BJt LX ELQT] J.I. u: ea. xu'tT]yoQT]Sij 6 KQhrov Jtoil ~Ev EorooE
'tOY ~aaxuAo !Jk XQTJJ.l.u'tu.
20v BJtLXeLQT]J.l.u:ElvaL xu'toQSro't~ ~ lpuyiJ, !Jk J.l.LXQTJ ~UJtaVT].
30v BJtLXeLQT]J.l.u: ~~LXLa 'tOU ~roxQa'tT] xai O'tov euu'to 'tou
xui o'ta. JtaL~JLa 'tou xui OUI.tJtEQu0J.l.a, O'tL ~ XQLOLJ.l.T] O'tLYJ.l.TJ 'toil
BJtL~aUeL va. aJtOlpuoLOT].
f3) "EAeYXo~ aJto 'tOY ~xQa'tT] 'trov BJtLXELQT]J.l.a'trov 'tOU KQhrovo~

(Kecpw.aux 6-16).
1. ~TJAroOL~ O'tL S' aXOAOUSTJOT] Jt~V'tu 'ti~ lJJtuyoQEuoEL~ 'tou oQSoil

Myou. KQLOL~ YLa. 'tt~ yvroJ.l.E~ 'trov Jtollrov.
2) ~JtO~Et;L~ aJto 'tOY ~xQa'tT] O'tL ot yvrollE~ 'trov IpQOVLJ.l.roV
LoxuoUV ytCt. OAU 'ta. '\jJUXLXa. xui OroJ.l.U'tLXa. ~T]'tTJJ.l.u'tU.
3) at auVEJtELE~ &Jto -rTJV JtuQa~uOL 'tij~ aQxij~ (ytCt. -rTJV yvOOJ.l.T] 'trov
IpQOVLJ.l.roV).
4) 'E;E'tUOL~ 'tij~ aJto'\jJEro~ elV ElvaL ~LXaLT] ~ ~QUJtE'tEUOL~ &Jto 'ti~
IpUAUXE~, xroQ~ -rTJv EyxQLoL 'tij~ JtOAero~.
5. 'E;E'tUO~ 'tOil ~T]-riJJ.l.u'tO~ aJto TJSLX~ aJto'\jJL.
u) IIo'tE ~EV JtQEJtEL va. aV'tuJto~~T] xaJtoLO~ 'to xuxo.
(Kecpw.aw 10)
f3) '0 ~roxQa'tT]~ BJtLXUAeL'taL 'toil~ VOJ.l.OU~ xui 'toil~
JtQooroJtoJtOLEL. (Kecpw.uwv 11)
y) ot VOJ.l.OL xavouv lJJtOJ.l.VT]OL o'tov l:roxQa'tT] 'tL 'toil~ olpdAeL.
(Kecpw.awv 12)
264
MA9HMA230v
l5) eH <ptAEAU8EQ'I'] a8'1']vaixTJ 3tOAL'teLa.

'e) '0 3tEQLOO'o-tEQOV EVOXO~ 8a dVaL 6 :&oxQu"t'l']~, flTJ EX'tEAOOV-
'tU~ 'ta 3tQo~ 'tou~ VOflOU~ 'tfj~ 3ta'tQi~o~ xa8'iJxoV'ta.
(Keq)(Uuwv 14)
6. 'Ef;E'ta~ 'tOU ~'I']'t'iJfla"tO~ a3to 3tQax'tLXTJ Wto'\jJL.
(Keq)(UUlU 15-16).
III 'E:riAoyO;;:
'A3tOQQL'l\JL~ 'tfj~ 3tQO'tUO'Ero~ 'tOU KQi"trovo~ YLa Titv ~Qa3thEUm.
*
llAATQNOl; KPITnN
(-q Ile(!l3t(!axTiov, 'H()x6~)
Tn 'tOU &LaA.6you 3tQoO'ro3ta: ~roxQu't'l']~, KQi"trov.
('ExAoyal)
KEiPAAAION 1
~Q. Ti "t'l']VLXU~E a<p'LSaL, c1) KQi"trov, ~ ou 3tQcl? E"tL EO'"tiv;

KP. nuw flEV oi'iv.
~Q. nTJvixa IlUALO"ta;
KP. "OQ8Qo~ ~a8u~.
~Q. eaullu~ro, 03tro~ ~8EA'I']O'E O'OL 6 'tOU ~EO'flro't'l']Qiou <pUAaf;
lJ3taXouO'aL.
KP. Suv'iJ8'1']~ ~~'I'] floi EO"tLV, c1) ~ooxQa'tE~, ~La 'to 3tOMUXL~ &EUQO
<pOL'tUV, xai 'tL xat EUEQYE't'l']'tm {J3t' EIlOU ... aAAa xat O'OU 3tUAaL
8al'flu~ro at0'8avoflEvo~, ro~ ~~Ero~ xa8Eu~E~ ... xat E3ti"t'l']~E~ O'E
oux ~YELQOV...
~Q .... aAAa 'ti &TJ olhro 3tQcl? a<p'LSm;
KP. 'AYYEALaV, c1) ~ooxQa'tE~, <PEQrov xaA3t1Jv ou O'Ot, ro~ Eflot
<puivE'tav, aAM Ellot xat 'tot; O'ot; E3tL't'l']~EioL~ 3tUO'L xaAE3tTJv xat
~aQELav ...
~Q. Tiva 'tau't'l']v; ~ "to 3tAOLoV1 a<pLx'taL EX L\'iJAou oii ~d
a<pLxoIlEVOU 'tE8vuvm flE;
1. :'TOlh;o O"n'to 3tWLoV, OOf; IPaOLV 'J\6TjvaLoL, tv cP 9TjoeUf; 31:o'te et; KQ~'tTJv
tOlJf; &tf; E31:'tCt EKeLVOlJ <pxe'to Ciyoov Kat EOOOOl~ 'te Kat au'tof; 0006Tj.
26S
KP. Ou 'tOL 6~ aqiL'K'taL, aAM 60'KEL f.tev f.tOL ~SELV 't~f.tEQOV ES ti)v
aJtuyyeAAO'UO'LV ~'KoV'te~ 'tLVE~ aJto ~O'UVLO'U 'KUL 'KU'tUALJtOV'tE~ E%EL
ulho. L\.fjAov oiiv E'K 't01J'tWV 'tWV aYYEALWV, O'tL ~SEL 't~f.tEQOV %UL
avaY%TJ 6~ E~ UUQLOV EO''taL, a> ~ro%QU'tE~, 'tOV ~LOV O' 'tEAE'U'tav.
KEtPAAAION 2
~Q. 'AlJ.: a> KQL'twv, 'tvxn ayu8fi. Et'ta'lJ'tn 'tOL~ 8EOL~ tpLAOV, 'tuv'tn
EO"tw. Ou f.teV'tOL oIf.taL ~SELV ulho O'~f.tQov.
KP. IIo8Ev 'tOU'to 'tE'Kf.tUlQEL;
~Q. 'Eyro O'OL EQW .. 'tE%f.tUlQOf.taL 6 E'K 'ttvO~ EV'UJtVLO'U, 0 EOQ<l'KU
OALYOV JtQO'tEQOV 'tuv'tTJ~ 'tfj~ V'U'K'to~ ..
KP. 'Hv 6 'tL 'to EWJtVLOV;
~Q. 'EM'KEL 'tL~ f.tOL yu~ JtQOO'EA8ouO'u 'KUA~ 'KUL EUEL6~~, AE'U'KU
Lf.ta'tLu EX0'UO'u, 'KUAeO'aL f.tE 'KUL EiJtELV: a> ~ro%QU'tE~, ~f.tU'tL %EV
'tQL'ta'tq> t>8LUV EQL~WAOV L'KOLO.
KEtPAAAION 4
KP. ...Ef.toL JteL8o'U %UL f.t~ UMW~ JtOLeL
.. 'KUL YUQ oM JtOAU 'taQyVQwv EO"tLV, 0 8eAo'UO'L AU~OV'tE~
'tLV~ O'WO'UL O'E 'KUL ESUYUYELV Ev8ev6E... Et~ M 'Kut 'KE'KOf.tL'KV En;'
uU'to'tou'to aQyVQLov L'KUVOV, ~Lf.tf.tLU~ () 8TJ~ULO~. "E'tOLf.tO~ 6 'KUL
Ke~TJ~ 'KUL UAAOL JtOAAOL Jtavu ... f.t~ ... aJto'Kaf.tn~ O'U'U'tOV O'WO'UL
.. JtOMUXOU f.tV YUQ 'KUL UAAOO'E, OJtOL UV atpL'Kn, ayuJt~O'o'UO'L O'E.
'Euv M ~OVAn El.~ 8e't'tUALUV LeVaL, El.O'Lv Ef.tOL E'KEL sevOL, OL O'E JtEQt
JtOMOU JtOL~O'OV'taL 'KUL aO'tpaAeLaV O'OL JtuQesoV'taL...
KEtPAAAION 5
KP. "E'tL 6e, a> ~ro'KQU'tE~, ou6 ()L'Kmov f.tOL 6o'KeL~ EJtLXELQELV
JtQayf.tu, O'u'U'tov JtQobouvaL, ESOV O'w8fjvaL ...
Tep otiv ~OAAWVL Ev1;avto, 6 AiyE'taL, 'to'tE, d O'wSCLEV, EXa.O"tOU E'tOtJ

SEwQi,av ana.1;ELv EL ~fjAOV' ilv ~~ aEL xaL V'UV E'tL, 81; EXELVOtJ xa't'
EvLatJ'tov 'tep SEep nEfJJtOUOLV. 'EnEL~a.v otiv aQ1;wvtaL 'tfj SEwQi,a, vo""o
EO"tLV alhoL EV 'tep XQovCP 'tmJ'tcp xaSaQEvELv 't~v nOALV xaL ~rUJ.OO'i,<;t !L'I'J~E
va CmOX'tLvVVaL, nQLv av EL ~fjAOV acpi,x'I'J'taL 'to nAOLOV xaL na.ALV ~E'UQO".
266
MA9HMA230v
IIQol!; to{rwLI!; 'X.aL tOUI!; lJWLI!; tOUI!; oalJtou Ef.tOLYE llo'X.ELI!; 1tQOllL-
MVaL, OU~ OOL ES6v 'X.aL E'X.SQE'ljIaL 'X.aL E'X.1taLllEiJoaL OtX~OEL 'X.ata1..L-
mbv ...
KP. .. :rill!; YUQ E1tLOUOT)I!; V\J'X.to~ mivta tauta llE'L 1tE1tQUXSaL. Et llE
tL 1tEQLf.tEVOUf.tEV, aMvatov 'X.aL OU'X.EtL otov tEo 'AJ...1..U1tavtL
tQ01tql, c1) ~W'X.QatEI!;, 1tELeOlJ f.tOL 'X.aL f.tTJllaf.tro~ UMOO~ 1tOlL.
KEcfJAAAION 6
~g."g <piAE KQLtoov, 'ri 1tQoSlJf.tLa aOlJ 1tOMOU aSLa, ~t f.tEta tLVOI!;
oQ90tT)tol!; ELTJ ... ~'X.01tELo9aL o-liv XQit 'rif.tU~, ELtE taum 1tQa-
'X.tEOV ELtE f.t~.
KEcfJAAAION 9
~g. OU'X.ouv E'X. trov Of.t01..oYOlJf.tEVOOV tOUtO O'X.E1ttEOV, 1tOtEQOV
6L'X.aLOV Ef.tE hSEVllE 1tELQUOSaL ESLEVaL f.tit a<pLEvtoov 1\STJvai.oov i\
ou llL'X.aLOv. KaL Mv f.tEV <paLVTltaL llL'X.aLOv, 1tELQWf.tESa, d M f.t~,
Erof.tEV, al!; M aU MYEL~ tUI!; O'X.E'ljIELI!; 1tEQL tE aVaAWOEOO~ XQTJf.tatoov
'X.aL MSTJI!; 'X.aL1taLllrov tQo<P'i);, f.tit WI!; a1..TJSro; tauta, c1) KQLtOOV, n
a'X.f.tf.tata.
... ~'X.01trof.tEV, c1) 'yaSE, 'X.oLvfi 'X.aL EL 1tTI EXELI!; avtLAEYELV Ef.tOU
Myovtol!;, avtiAEYE, 'X.aL aoL1tEi.oOf.taL. Et M f.t~, 1taUOaL i\llTJ, c1)
f.ta'X.aQLE, 1to1..1..a'X.LI!; f.tOL Myrov tOV autov A6yov, w; XQit EVSEVllE
a'X.ovtrov 1\STJvai.oov Ef.tE a1tLEvaL.
KEcfJAAAION 10
~g . ...Of.tOOI!; to yE abL'X.ELv t allL'X.oUvtL 'X.aL 'X.a'X.ov 'X.aL aLaXQov
tlJyxavEL QV 1tavtL tQ01tql' <paf.tEV i\ ou;
KP. <Ilaf.tEv.
~g. OMaf.trol!; uQa llEL abL'X.ELv.
KP. Ou ll'i)ta.
~g. OME allL'X.OUf.tEVOV uQa avtabL'X.ELv, WI!; ot 1t01..1..OL o'(ovtaL,
E1tELb~ yE oMaf.tro; llEL allL'X.ELv.
KP. Ou <paLVEtaL.
~g . Ti. llE ll~; 'X.a'X.olJQYELv llEL, c1) KQLtoov, i\ ou;
KP. Ou llEL ll~1tolJ, c1) ~w'X.QatEI!;...
267
89Z
""I'O:L3MJJ.
A(l)Y.XO!l, ~gQ.0 '50gJ01'01C 5~ "'01XCY'{J. "'~gQ.O" :17 '1 '.o~go. '50oluiO" Z
. ,,5\.!.13ot;' 1'O(}.013"(3Ti1lq '01I\08J31C
''''!J.~ 139
3Tl ~1I\!J.ocbo.oo"(lcb '5938 913').3"(3X O~J.'01!J.'O.L" :5lu~ox~ 'I
" "'Sm11,,(OlC 1.oylC S10,,(,,(ll
5101 l'OX 100 'M,!l"('OX A31i~ 31 10].0 .up Ml)l.I\~lC~ S3l.1\9Qul.31i 'S3l.1\'00
-').3QmlC 'S3l.1\'Ocfl.~Osx~ 'S3l.1\'00~M3}. ~.o O~}. Sl3rla 'Sl3013X1lC~ A(!A
Y 'AYOQ 5!3013X1lC~ Syrl~ '01'OX1Q Q.O 11Q 'A31i0}.~ !!SU"('9 '010.'01 5!3rl~
13" '1Orl9A 10 5(1).02 All A3l'Od> '"S31'OOXq:>~ tp 'Ail.AJ0113lC9X3:" '03:
l NOIWVcP'.!DI
.. '00
Z
-~1'OlC ~ A'OOnOAJ'OlC3,,('OX 'OQ101'OlC ,A13').3lC(I)S 1'OX A13XJ3lCCJ. AO,,(,,(yrl
1'OX l3Q ms.o3g~0 1'OX '1DnOX~ A!}OA 5101. 5101U?OOA~ .ODlC lDX
510aO ~ODlC lDX nitJori 1AO~Jari ~ lDX AOOal.l?1J.~ lDX AOOal.9Arian
lDX st0l.DlC .... A.1l.D~ "'903l.t?1 ri11. Ml)lA~W. A(I)A9J.OOlC MO"('W M,91. lDX
5~Ol.DlC lDX 3l. 5901....ri 11Q 3.0 ~SU"(~"( 3WW 'S9d>00 13 S(I)1g.0 He
1:soA31i9"(3mlC~ S!!l.3o'9 S!!1 lYJ3Slt"('91J.l. <;> 'A131
-1~OlC 'OmxJQ M,!l10lC '010.'01 513.o~d> 1'OX 'mA')."("(OlCDl.I\'9 S130~013X1lC~
'mO'OA').Q AOOQ .S'OX ''OQ101'OlC A~1 l'OX Snorl9A SQ.01 S'9rl~ 2-'0 Q.O
l'OX '1'OA13 10A3rl').0}.~ A01'OXJQ 'mA')."("(OlC'9 5!3rl~ A3rlQ}013X1lC~ 3D A~~
3WW '100 mw~~~ Snorl9A SQ.011'OX DOll 'OQ101'OlC A~ ~Q S<?OlC'" O~
'll NOIWVcP'iDI
:'010.'0101
'O"(,,(lll'OX '010.'01 S<?OlC 'A(I)1J0)l tp 'A3rlo.OO~ 11'" :Al310lC S13Xil <l>A
A~ 11 'S31'OOXq:>~ tp '10rl ~lCp :Ol.l\100il S3l.1\~W1~ S(I)3"(9lC S~ A<?A10X
<?11'OX 1orl9A 10 S3l.1\9S,,(~ '010.01 A130~rlOA<;> l3Q S(I)lCQ .S23 'A13XO
-~OQ1Q0lC'9 3123 3QA~SA~ Alrl~ A10nO"("(~rl ra '13lC9XO 3Qtp.'('(V. O~
'''(I)OM3
O~). Q.O 'SY1(1)O~ Q S<?OlC mS0'OAJOX0lC'9 'S31'OOXq:>~ tp '(I)Xil XQ.O cni
II NOIWVcP'.!D[
~H:nOVJ ~H)nNHW3 ~VIVXdV V1VWH0VW HJOJV H>lINHVV3
MA9HMA230v
KE4>AAAION 17
KP. 'A)'..I,:, ci) ~dnGQa'tE~, oux Xoo ").1YELV.
kg. "Ea 'tOLVUV, ci) KQL'tOOV, xal. :rtQUUOOIlEV 'tmhn, E:rtEL~il 'tmhn 0
9E6~ vqrrlYEL'tm.
*
-'EQIl'l1VEU'tLXU, IlOQtpOAOYLXU, E-ruIlOAOYLXU.
-'AQXLxol. XQOVOL 'tWV Q'I1llu'toov trEi{!w, aq;txvoiJpat, J..apfJa'Vw
(xat :rtaQuyooya).
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' xALaLl; (:rtOLlltlV, XLOOV xQa'ttlQ) :rtQOtpOQLXW~,

(Qtl'tooQ) YQa:rt'tw~ (:rcuQaYQu<pOL85, 86, 87).
2. IIa9'11'tLxol. 'ttJ:rtOL 'tou 1I)':6opat II (:rcuQaYQu<po; 196
rQul-tl-tU'tLxfj; nUQ"t~avou).
*~*
269
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOUH!
IIAATQN 0 IIAOEOIOE
~o 'to. AOKIMIA 'tOU EMEP~ON,

'Ex6. GUTEMBERG, lumx<JlQ. XUQT] AUfl.:rd6T]
CAnOO1UIOIlU't'a)
~va.ucaa a'ra yea.u.ueva (iJro ()vrrrovr; plpAia, n q;avana.uev'fj
q;tJ..oq;eov'fja'YJ 'rov '0.uae ytix. 'ro KOeavl IJ-rav ehr:t: "xa1jJ're 'rwea 'r~
n
PlpAO()fjxer; yta'rt aocpia uvv alwvivv Peiaxeml ma .utaa af:
wvw 'ro PlPUO", mlela~el .uovaxa Yla 'rtr; avyyeacper; 'rov
IlAa'rwva..
"'OAa oaa yeacpov'rat xat aV~'YJ'rovvml, Wt' -rt/v broX-q 'rov wr;
a-q.ueea, elvat oavEla cbro 'rov IlAa'rwva. MeyaAor; oAe()eor; n
naeovaia 'rov ava.ucaa adr; new'ro'rvnier; .uar;. Elval 'ro povvo
exeLVOr;, Xl oE axi1jJelr; .uar; .xuAixla nov anoanaa'r'YJxuv Wt' 'rovr;
n
Peaxovr; wv. Elvat BiPAor; 'rwv aocpwv ovo XlAlaoer; olaxoma
xeOvla 'rwea Xl oE cpw'rw.uivO exeLvO av()ewnO nov ()iA'YJaav va
~vnv-qaovv 'rtr; vw(Jef:r; yevler; nov otaMxovmv n .ula 'rf}V (f}J.'fj -
evar; Bo-q()wr;, evar; Pa.uneAa4 evar; "Eeaa.uor;, evar; Mneovvo... -
~mv xa'ra xci;cowv 'reono .ua~'fjmt 'rov IlAa'rwva, nov f,ledcpea-
~av a'ro avyxeovo 'rovr; y Awamxo lOlw.ua wvr; aocpovr; a'roxa-
a.uovr; wv. ~xo.ua Xl oE .ueyaAocpvter; na()aivovv xanOa .ueiwa'fj
an' 'rf}V xaxo'rvxia nov elxav -nwr; aAAtWr; va 'rf} xaeax'r'YJeww;- va
yevv'fj()ovv va'reea Wt' av'ro 'ro olxov.uevLXo nvev.ua...
n n
'0 IlAa'rwv elVat cptJ..oaoq;la, Xl q;tAoaocpia elvat 0 IlAa'rwv -
.ueyaAe'io 'rfjr; av()ewno'r'YJmr; aAAa xat xamwxvv'YJ 'r'YJr;, acpov oV're
oE Pw.uaLol ovu oE :Ea~over; xa'rwe()waav va neoa()iaovv 'to
naea.uLXeO mlr; lMer; 'rov. Liev elxe yvvaiXa xalnatOla, .ua 01,.0 oE
awxaa-rer; 'rwv noAtua.uivwv e()vwv elvat aTCoyovoi wv Xl
>1' ~\~ ~ , ~" I
n
eaw'ra7:'fj wvr; vCP'fj etvat e.uno'rw.uev'YJ ano 'r'fjv nvev.uaux'fj 'rOv
XA'YJeOVo.uta. Iloaovr; .ueyaAovr; avoeer; Of:V miAVet aOtaxona n
cJ>va'YJ .uid an' 7:0. aTCAaxva 'rov axowvr;, Yla va yivovv onaooi wv
- IlAa'rwvtxo{J
:E'rov cJ>aiowva wv vnaexet OAOXA'fjeor; 0 KaAptVW.uOr; 0
Xetmtavw.uor; onwr; Xt 0 Mwa.ue()avw.uor; a'r'fjei~ovv a'rov nAa'rw-
270
MA9HMA230v
vlaflo rte; {3aaue; rije; qJLAoaocpiae; rove;. Kl () flvanulaflOe; avdet

0),0 rov 1'0 ne(!leXOfleVo dn" riJv nAarwvluiJ OloaauaA.ia. '0 no).{r'f/e;
avroe; fluie; iU'f/Vluije; nOA'f/e; OEV olau(!iveral uafJoAov "lui rov
romuLGflO rov. '0 B(!e7:avoe; nov 7:0V ola{3a~el AteL: 11 ~uecp7:eral
aav 'EyyU~oe;!", () Fe(!flavOe;: "Elvat evae; aA'f/fJwoe; TdJ7:ovae;!", Ul
6 'IraA.oe;: "floao PWfla'loe; uat noao "EAA'f/Vae;!". "Onwe; Tj 'EUv'f/
7:oiJ Meve),aov, aVflcpwva fle 7:0V fJ(!VAO, elxe flla 7:0ao obwvflevluiJ
OflO(!cpla w07:e d avriJ va ne(!tEXOVral OAO ol 7:VnO uvv YVVatUWV,
etal Ul () flAa7:WV d evav avayvw07:'f/ a.n:" 7:iJv Niav ~yy).{a cpaive-
tal aa va elval ~fle(!lUaVOe; aocpoe;. 'H navavfJ(!wmv'f/ cpva'f/ rov
Vne(!VlUo. 7:a 7:exv'f/7:a avvo(!a, 7:te; r,neiQove;...
eavfla~w, ola{3a~OV7:ae; rov, 7:iJv (iu(!a emual(!o7:'f/7:a rov, 7:oao
aro vcpoe; oao uat a7:o nveiJfla. 'Eow elval 7:0 ane(!fla 7:ijr; 7:oao
yvwa7:ije; flae; Ev(!wn'f/r;... eow elvat oAa r'f/e; 7:a xa(!aU7:'f/(!l07:lUa,
eVOlaU(!lra uloAae; fler; aro nveiJfla 7:oiJ IIAa7:wva.... 'H Ev(!wn'f/
uatafle(!la7:'f/ue ano 7:0U ae nAij()Oe; la7:o(!ier;, flO. oev n(!oai()we
uavva uawov(!yw 07:OXelo...
'H a(!la7:0U(!a7:LUt} rov uaraywyt}, Tj vno07:amaut} 7:0V cptAoua-
Ala, aUOVLGfliver; fle flla elQwveia 7:oao eV07:(!ocp'f/ nov ueVr(!i~el uat
na(!aA.Vel, 07:o).{~ovv 7:0 nAaww aV7:o 7:ijr; OVVafl'f/e; uat 7:ije; nvw-
flanufje; vyeiar;. ~vflcpwva fle uanOa naA'f/a (!t}a'f/, "~V () L1lar;
uad{3atve 07:iJ yfj, ()a fltAoiJae fle 7:0 vcpor; roiJ flAa7:WVa " ...
'0 11 M ivwv 11 XlAlaoer; cpo(!ee; av~t}7:'f/ae esovvXlanua Yla 7:iJv
a(!ert}, uat fle nOAAOVr;, uat fl' em7:vxia, onwe; niauve aAAa va
nov, a1J7:iJv riJv anYflt}, ovu va net flnO(!oiJae 7:l elVat Tj a(!eriJ -
Toao {J(!i()'f/ue flne(!Oeflivor; flee; 07:0 OLxrv roiJ ~wu(!a7:'f/.
AV7:oe; 0 aOlO(!()W7:0e; eVcpvoAoyor;... {3Unovfle va exu fllav
aue(!ator'f/7:a roao auara{3A'f/7:'f/ oao Ul Tj AOYlUt} rov, uat flla ()(!'f/-
auevTluor'f/7:a {3afJv7:a7:'f/. "07:av rov UaT'f/YO(!'f/aav on imovoflwe
on
riJv ()(!'YJaueia 7:fje; nOA'YJe;, tuetVOe; O'f/AWVU mauvel 07:iJv a()ava-
ala rfjr; 1jJvxfje;, ariJ fle7:a()avana aV7:aflO{3iJ 17 nflW(!la Ul 07:aV 1'0V
ua7:aO{uaaav ae ()ava7:o Ul () K(!irwv ow(!o06u'f/ae 7:0V OWflocpvAa-
ua wiJ ue).wiJ 7:OV, a(!Vet7:al va o(!aneuva'f/ fle ana7:'f/. ""0,7:l
ayan'YJro exele; va fliJv 7:0 Aoya(!la~elr; fln(!Oa7:a aro O{uaw". 71
qm;.auunj 1:0V, oi ~UiAO'Yoi roo uri] qJv).a;dJ uai 1:0 UWVtO ;rov
71;rt, elval a;ro ra ;rlo rlflTJpl:va ;rE:QUJ'1:a'tlua uriJv iuro{!ia rij~
av9I)w;ro1:111:ar;
271
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOIIHI
'H amlvta avvrvxuI, piaa d Eva ovap,oeepo awp,a, rov E'!}(pvo-

AOYOV "at rov p,aervea, rov OEtVOV avCrJrrJrij nov oeop,wv "at rfjc;
ayoeae; "at rov mo aVE~txa"ov aytov ;rov elXE we; 'fa rorE epavel,
["avE aro ;rvEvp,a rov IIAarQwa, ;rov p,;roeOvaE va xweeaet avrec;
'fte; avu(UaEte;, aVY"AovWU"" evdmwarJ' "at ro;ro()errJaE 1'"
p,oeep" rov Iw"earrJ mo ;reoa""vw, ytti va yivet () aep,oowreeoc;
xoerJyoe; rwv ()rJaaveWp,a'fwv ;rov fj()eAE va p,Eraowaet. "'Hrav p,La
a;ravLa rvX'fJ va avvavrrJ()ovv avroe; () AaiXoe; Aww;roe; "t av'toe; 0
aew'to"earrJe; Aoywe;, ytti v' ana()avanmovv ap,otfJaia. ..
MvaaeaOai nva gJap,4

"ai vm:eeov, Op,flEWV..
l:wtqlOO
EAllellQ - ato#.. 'VAnellA, 70; ai.. x.X.
"IItEelc; p,eAwaa, AeafJia arJowv, oE"a'trJ Movaa ".
"Ia;repove; IV aoop,evrJe; "dt 'twv 'i1va"eeovroe;, eyw p,o

oo"w "ara()ea()at 'to ;ror"ewv awovp,EVOe; ".
(IIAo{n;aQXo~ ~uf.UtoO'La'lta Z 711-D)
(Thut~a~)
"Ahiae; elxov a'to;rove; at ano AeafJov ".
Mvap,oavvav EAev ()ap,fJor; o'te l"A VE 'tae; p,eAtepwvoV

II
Iampove;, p,,,
oE"arrJv p,ovaav lxovat fJeoroL "
('AvtlJta'tQo~ 9-66)
272
MA9HMA230v
(,A(hjvawq, 'Emiop,i} 2.2108)
"}.;OAWV 0 'AO'r)vaLo~ 'ES'r)XEO'tL6o'U, :rtaQu :rto'tov 'tou a6EAqJL6ou

av'tou, f,LEAO~ 'tL .}.;a:rt<pou~ (ioaV'to~, ~oO'r) 'tip f,LEAEL xat :rtQoOE'taSE
't<fJ f,LELQaxL<p 6L6usnt av'tov. 'EQw'ttloav'to~ 6e 'ttVo~ 6LU :rtoLav
ahLav'tOu'to Eo:rtov6axEv, 0 6e e<p'r) "tva f,LaOwv av'to U:rtoOuvw"
(ALA.uzvov. .l'ovt6Eq, .:e' 58)
nMEvmxf,LO~ 6' EV 'tOL~ :rtEQt TEXVL'tWV, 'tTtV :rt~x'tr6a, ~v 'tTtV av'tTtv

Elvm 'tfj f,Lay~6L6L, .}.;~:rtqJoo <prJOLV EUQELV".
('Alhjvawq 14, 36)
"Lampw .}.;Lf,LWVO~ (ot M EVVOf,LLVO'U ot 6e 'HEQLYVO'U, ot 6e

'ExQv'tO'U, ot 6e .}.;tlf,Lo'U, ot M Kuf,Lwvo~, ot 6e 'E'tuQX0'U, ot 6e
Lxaf,Lav6Qwvvf,Lo'U), f,L'r)'tQo~ M KA.ELM~, AEO~i.a ES 'EQEOOOU, A'UQL-
x~, YEyov'ULa xa'tu 'tTtV f,LW OA'Uf,L:rtLu6a, O'tE xat 'AA.xaLo~ ~v xat
L't'r)OLXOQO~ xat IIL't'taxo~. Tfioav ~e av'tfj xat a6EA<pot y', AUQLXO~,
XUQaso~, EVQVyLO~. 'Eyaf,Ltl0'r) 6e av6Qt KEQXVAc;:t :rtAO'UOLW'tU't<p,
OQf,LWf,LEV<p a:rto '1\.v6Qo'U, xat O'Uya'tEQa E:rtOLtlOa'to ES av'tou, ~
KA.Et~ wvof,LuoO'r). 'E'taLQnt 6e av'tf\~ xat <pLAnt YEyovaOL y', ~'tOL~,
TEAEOL:rt:rta, MEyuQa, :rtQo~ a~ xat 6La~OATtV eOXEv aLOXQd~ <ptAi.a~.
MaO~'tQLm 6e av'tf\~ ~vay6Qa (al. ~vax'toQi.a) MtA'r)oLa, rOyyUAa
KOAo<pwvLa, EvvELxa, :LaAaf,LLvLa. "EYQa'ljJE 6e f,LEAWV A'UQLXWV
~L~ALa 0', xat :rtQw't'r) :rtAf\X'tQOV d'QEV. "EYQa'ljJE 6e xat E:rtLYQUf,Lf,La-
'ta xnt EAEYELa xat LUf,L~O'U~ xat f,Lov<p6i.a~.
}.;a:rt<pw AEO~La Ex M'U'tLA~V'r)~, 'ljJuA'tQta, au't'r) 6L' eQw'ta
uwvo~ 'tou Mu'tLA'r)vaLo'U EX 'tou AE'UXU'tO'U xa'tE:rtov'twOEV
Eau't~v. " ('~ "'.1
~ovluaq
)
"La:rt<pW, 'tou xaAOU uwvo~ EQaoOELoa :rtEQL~6'r)'to~ ~v ... "

('Ae~vawq 13, 70)
"Of) 6e AYE'tnt :rtQoo't'r) .}.;a:rt<pw, 'tOV U:rtEQXOf,L:rtov O'r)Qwoa

uwva, OLO'tQWV'tL :rtoO<p, (}L'ljJm :rtE'tQa~ U:rto 't'r)AE<pavou~... "
(Mivav6eoq -Moan. 'QyvyLa F' 237)
273
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA9HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAn~~H~
Toy EQOO'ta 'tfj~ l:aJtqJou~ JtQo~ 'tOY <Paooya, EJ(EL UfLyiJOEL 'Kal. 0
'O~L()LO~ O'tl.~
"Heroides".
***
11 voa'faAyia yui 'ffJV Jta'f(}wa 'ffJv e~ave va vnocpe(}Tj. >lEw,
a
lhav 'fO 585 n.X, IIt'f'fa~or; eowae a'fOVr; e~o(}ia'fOVr; 'ffJv ovva'fo-
'fTj'fa va ema'f(}i1povv, r, Iancpw oexOTj~e eV'fVXWfleVTj va
~avayv(}ian. Me 'fa aoeAcpta 'fTjr; ~at 'ffJV ~O(}Tj 'fTjr; ..KA.ewa, ~oneA
Aa ma, acpTjae XW(}Lr; AVnTj 'ftr; Iv(}a~oiJaer;. Llev eyv(}we OflWr; mfJv
E(}wo. 11 notfJ'f(}ta elxe 'fw(}a va cp(}OV'fian yta 'fOV eav'fo 'fTjr; ~at
'ffJv ~O(}Tj 'fTjr;. 11 Iancpw ~mv flta yvvai~a e~AemVafleVTj, nov 'fijr;
a(}eaav 'fa OflO(}cpa ~at ~ofl1/Ja n(}aYflam, onwr; afloAoyei r, wta ae
eva noiTjfla 'fTjr;:
'''E(}wUVfleVTj elflat fle 'ffJv OflO(}cpta' elvat ~ATj(}OVOflta floV
~aOe OflO(}cpta ".
~necpaawe 'fOU va avo~n flta axoAfJ, onov Oa avy~eV'f(}wve
'ftr; ~oneAA,er; ~at ()a eOioaa~e 'f(}ayovo, XO(}O, 'f(}onOVr; aVflJre(}t-
cpo(}iir; ~at V'fvaip,a'fOr;, oAa oaa flnO(}oiJaav va ~avovv eA~vm~fJ
flui vea yvvai~a.
Llev ~mv r, floVTJ axoAfJ aV'foiJ 'foiJ ei'oovr; mfJv AeafJo. THmv
OflWr; r, flovaO~fJ nov 'ffJv OtTjv()vve flta notfJ'f(}ta, nov r, CPfJflTj 'fTjr;
anAwvomv avvexwr;. >lEywe r, nw yvwa'ffJ, fle 'fLr; ne(}taao'fe(}er;
flaOfJ'f(}ter;, ~at wVOflaaOTj~e "olxor; 'fWV Movawv". eoMa~LflOr; a
Tv(}wr; ecp()aae va avy~(}ivn 'ftr; flaOfJ'f(}ter; 'fijr; IancpoiJr; fle 'fOVr;
flaOTj'far; 'foiJ Iw~(}a'fovr;.
"'Onwr; (} cpaoaocpor;, fle 'ffJV otOaa~aAia ~at 'fO na(}aOetYfla 'fijr;
eva(}e'fTjr; ~wijr; 'fOV, emfJaAAOmV a'fOVr; flaOTj'far; 'fOV, hat ~at r,
Iancpw emfJaAA,omv mtr; vea(}er; ~oneAAer; 'foiJ ~V~AOV 'fTjr;, fle 'ffJV
flO(}CPWat, 'ffJV YOTjuia 'fTjr; ~at 'ffJv YAv~V'fTjm 'fWV Oavflaaiwv
wowv 'fTjr;.
Kat OflWr;, a~(}tfJwr; aV'ffJ r, axoAfJ, mfJv anoia r, Iancpw acpti-
(}wae 'fOV eav'fo 'fTjr; aAo~ATj(}O, 'fijr; exa(}we 'ffJv aflcpifJoATj CPfJflTj
nov Oa 'ffJv a~oAov()ij ae OATj 'fTjr; 'ffJv ~wfJ, emw ~at av r, notfJ'f(}ta
oev elxe, laWr;, ~aflflia yvwat. THmv cpva~o r, Iancpw va ayan{l
'ftr; vier; ~oneAA,er;, nov 'fijr; eoetxvav i'awr; fle ~cinota Vne(}fJoAfJ 'ffJV
ayann 'fOVc;'. eH IU~()n ~owwvia, nov elxav aX1lIJ,a'fiaet aV'fec; ot
274
MA8HMA230v
VBt;~, ef1ma~e f1.e roae~ aA.Ae~. 2rijv bWpaveLa, OAa ?jaav xaOaea.
~ro j3aOo~ Of1.W~ vn8j3oaxav ~qAete~, lOwreonte~ xal xaxoqOete~.
Kanore 0 reono~ f1.e rov onoia excpea~ovrav ot V8e~ xal fJ oaaxa-
Aa rov~ ?jrav vneej30AIXO~, evOovauho'fj~.
~AAa Oev vnijexe rbw7:e xaxo ae avro, exro~ av xavet; en8f1.e-
VE va j3eij. ElvaL nOAV CPVOLXO, AOYOV xaeLV, f1.La xon8Ua, r~v
atLYf1.~ nov cicpqveL ri~ avvreocpov~ xai 7:~V oaaxaAa 7:'fj~, va
&{xvy 7:~V kvir:'fj r'fj~.
NEllA PROVENZAL (IIe(}wtJ. IIYOPIA)
***
" EVf1.0ecpor8ea MvaOLo{xa ra~ Mci.Aa~ rue{vvw~ ".
(Moon. ~ 13)
"Kat noOqw xal f1.aof1.aL ". (18)
"xcimJ.et1/Jw rot ". (21)
at 'AAE~avbQLvot 1:i)v xU1:i1:u~uV lLE1:U~iJ 1:00V 9 lLEYUAWV

AlJQLXOOV Jt01fJ1:00V. AiYE1:aL an 'tOiJ~ {,JtEQ~ULVEL OAOlJ~. To ilQYo 't1'J~
aJtE1:EAEL1:0 (mo 7~L~ALU: "EvoExaavAAaj3ov "2ancpLxov" ro
n(!wwv OAOV 2ancpov~ yeyeaf1.f1.8VOV ". A'Uo1:'UXoo~ bLEoro8fJoUV
ILoVOV EAUXL01:U OJtUQUYILU1:U. To JtLO ILUXQOOXEAE~ (25 01:LX01)
ElVaL ~ 'Obi) El.~ 'tT)V ~<PQ06L't1'JV.
, "llOLXLAOOeOV' ciOavar' 'AcpeoOl.,;a,

nat L1LO~ oOAonAoxe, A{aa0f1.a{ ae ...
"EAOe f1.0L xat vvv, xaUnav oe Avaov

ex f1.ee{f1.vav, oaaa Of f1.OL dAeaaL
()vf1.0~ lf1.8eeeL, r8A eaov, av 0' av.,;a
aVf1.f1.axo~ eaao ".
275
Kat a3to ta 3tMov YVOOOtu:

"Lleavxe flev a aeAuvva xat IlA'Y]taaee;
Meaat oe
vvx't'ee;, :rea(Ja a' e(Jxer:' w(Ja,
eyw ae flova xa-revaw ".
*
"CPatve't'at flot xijvoe; woe; ()eoww
eflflev' wV'Y](J, o't'ne; evuvnoe; 't'ot
wauvet. ..
a Of fl' La(JWe; xuxxee't'Ut, 't'(JOflOe; ae
:reawav aY(Jet, XAw(Jo't'e(Ja ae :reotae;
eflflt, 't'e()vux'Y]v a' oAiyw... "
*
"Xaiee, VVWpa, xaiee 't'{p,te YUflfJ(Je... " (14)
"Xa4Jote; a VVflCPa, xal(Je..w a' 0 YUflfJ(JOe;" (15)
E1Xe M'Uvallia Olov abeA<po t'l1~ XUQa~o: *

"Ilo't'vtat N'Y](JfJtaee;, afJAufJ'Y]v eflov
xaatyv'Y]'t'ov oo-re 't'vta' 'beea()at... " (A25)1
*
To'll EYQa<pe tQayoubLa yl4 va ta a3taYYEAATI ol~ ayU3t'l1IlEve~
to'U, aAAa 'X.at tOY E3tL3tA~tteL YLa tOY bWIlO to'U Ilf: t~v etaiQa
~ooQixa, lletE3teLta Pobwmv.
"TEe; a' aY(Jotwue; ()eAyet voov ...

ovx e:rew't'ap,eva 't'a fJ(Juxe' eAx'Y]v
em nov acpv(Jwv; ,,1
"Eva ea'Ullumo 'X.eLllevo to'll AO'U'X.Lavou, "Ile(Jt 't'oiJ p,fJ (Jaatwe;

:rew't'evew atafJoAfi" (143-13 'X..e~.), Ila~ ~o'l1eeL va 'X.atavo~oo'Ulle
to bLati it La3t<poo, it be'X.ut'l1 Mouoa, "atafJoAfJv eaxe alaX(Jac;
cputac; ".
1 "XaQu~o~ 1'>8, c.O~ A;UOa!Levo~ POllO>JtLV Mev6atr)oev ~~ Mu'tLA~'VTJv, ~ tJMiC

~u3t(pch
nOMa %U'tEIGEQ't6!L1Jmi !LLV. ('HQM. B 135)
II
276
MA6HMA230v
"To rs a~tOnwrov rfj~ oLapoAfj~ OVx w~ er:vxsv emvooiJaw...

w~ yoiJv ent nOAv 7:(1 neoaovra rqJ oLapaUop,evlf} neo~ ro xsi(}ov
p.sr:apa).).ovr:e~, ovx &:nL()avov~ nowiJvral ra~ xar'Yjyoeia~, olov
rov p,ev lareov Otapa;.AoVatv w~ cpaep,axea, rov nAovawv oe w~
rveavvov, rov rVeavvLXov w~ neOoorLXov.
15. "OA{J)~ yae ra rOlaiJra emvooiJOl xat Uyovatv, a
p,aAlara
iaaaLV e~ oeyqv ovvap,sva neoxaUaaa()m rov axeowp,svov, xat
'fv()a re{J)ro~ eanv exaar:o~ emar:cip,svol, en' exstvo r:o~svoval xat
axov-r:~ovatv... oloa yoiJv nva~ ovr{J)~ ~oe{J)~ yaeya).l~op,evov~
r:C! dJra uno nov OtapOAWV, manse rov~ nr:eeOt~ xV{J)p,evov~.
22 ... xat ovoe ovaxsei}~ ~ vix'Yj ... r:oiJ p,ev axovovro~ exovT:O~
eavrov evoloovr:o~, r:oiJ owpaUop,evov oe ri}v enLpovAi}v
ayvooiJvr:o~' manse yae ev vvxrL nOAs{J)~ cUova'Yj~, xa(Jw~ovr~ of
~tapaM6flVot q;ovwovrat ".
EPrAI:IAI EllOYAAI:TUN
'Anol)ooL; E4; TiJv NEOEUTJVLXiJv nOLTJ!lCl1;WV 'tfj; ~qJou;.
(rijq Xe. lIL~avw. -Kovwa)
flasl ro cpsyyael Xa()'Yjxs

XL ~ flovALa r:eASLWVSL,
neeaaav ra p,saavvxra,
ae Myo ~'Yjp,SeWVSL
XL eydJ aro xespparaxL p,ov
- ,?, I
nsev{J) T:l~ {J)es~ p,ov'Yj...
"*
~X! Iav ()so~ Weato~, e~ i'aov,
p,Ola~et 0 avoea~ anevavd aov!
*
"Ora'll ra xeOvLa ()dv' nseaap,eva,
va p,8 ()vp,araL xanow~ XL ep,eva...
*
277
278
6L'Z
-U!l.lJo:w(tO 5~0l. ~ri 1~Dri 5Ip.10% 50, Dp!l.lJOl.O%~ 911/ 13m.?0l.0113
3Xp 5TI-{9ri 5010 19 9 'A(l)ri))I 9 OO!l.lJ?e 9l.0 3e"-{!:!.Op '!:!."-{%ocbo:r A9~
10"-{"-{"9 1D%o"-{c,tXolV A9l. ADOQ.oriucb(t31~ 5l?l.D3 e 5~0l. 911/ 10YW Q.lA~
'OA13%~ 5Q.lg10%1/ DAQ.lJ...1/ A9l. l?l.D)I '30U%)A~ A9l.1D% o,,-{c,tXolV ~l.U101
9%1J...DOl. oXDri)D"-{Dl A9l. ~ri 3%Ue~0l.3riDA1/ (t012 'DAQ.lJ...1/ 9X1l.Dri
-D09 ~o '89'17 9l. '~oocb Ul.<pOl l?1J... 500?ri 3gD"-{~ 'D1~1/ (tOl. ~X1l.U101
A~1O 10ue10131 5Dl.AoX~ '5!:!.,,-{xocbo:r 9 AQ.ll.~ Sl 51,,-{9ri D)X1"-{1,t n
'10
-U)Ol A~l.O Ucb~Ol.O~ 510(l)A~ 'O"-{c,tXolV (t0l. 9"-{D%0~91DX ~l.U101 9X1A.
-DOl. 0l.ODl.A~cbo"-{DJ...3ri 1DX 0l.Q.l01 A9l. 5Dl.AO~~ri(tDe 1D% oouriO"
Ol.DA~e1/ A9l. 5!:!.,,-{%ocbo:r 9 (t0l. ~l.Ul.93A A~l. 911i> 5Dl.A<pl.3"-{3W
'5ux1A 51J,l.
A01D19 0l. 9l. 911/ (l)0c,tA A(l)?A AQ.ll. Q.oooX Q.0l. 51J,"-{Dcb3x 11~ 3m.309X~
1D% 5(t0)DAuev. 5(tog~cb~ 5(t0,,-{,,-{"9 5~0"-{"-{01 911/ riO?ri IJ,"-{xocbo:r
A9l. AD~3"-{?~~ 'D1%)Ml~ l?l. ADXUeO~l.O(l)~ DA1riD"-{D:r A~1O D)Xmi
-(tDA A~l.l?l.3ri ADl.2 '9l.'.)-D .U 0.0l. 53l.1,,-{ourio.o 5~0l. 911/ 5(l)30~ri1l.X~
1DX 51J,XoooOl 5u"-{~J...3ri 01~"9 ADOUl.O?l.DX A9l. (5001ri~V 51J,X1D(tori
5!:!.l. nol. 59"-{D%0~9 50riucb)031 9 3~0.l.l?A1/ 531019 51l.) 53l.Ul.9ADXl
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aon:q;av(fJ'tOt, lT1Jpelov flEYa).,ov :rl:vOov~.
("AeyovOL lJi ;cai 1:ocpo;cJ..Ea, a;covaavra Oil er:e).,wiTjOe 0 EV(}t3tWTJf;;,
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ANTII'ONH
'R a' 'tQayoo6i.a :rtoil ML6uX8TJ O't~v 'EAA.a6a (1867) Ile'tu 't~v
6TJIlLouQYLa 1:O'U VEOU EAATJVLXoli xQu'tOu~ (lle'tu<pQ. Payxa~fj).
'R II~vily6v1J II elvaL'to 320v 6Qalla 'toli ~o<poxMou~, 8eooQov-
!J.evov w; 'to aQXaLo'teQov nov OOOtOIlEVOOV EQYOOV 'tou.
'R "~Vily6v1J" elvaL EX 'tWV WQaLO'tEQOOV EQYOOV 0XL IlOVOV 'toli
~o<poxMou~ aAA' OAOXA~QOU 'toli aQxaLou EAATJVLXoli 8eu'tQou.
'R y' u:rto8eOL~ 'toli AauQev'tLavoli XW6LXO~ aQXLtn E~fj;: w;
II To !-lev o(}a!-la xa).,'uarwv Iot:poxUov~ II
1. ~O<pOXAfjS 'AQL<TtWVOS 'tQaYLxos, eyyovos ~O<pOXAEOUS. ME'taYEVE<TtEQOS

~O<pOXAfjS 'tQUYLXOS (15 l\QufLU'tU) futoyovoS 1:0'0 l\EU'tEQO'IJ.
282
MA9HMA24ov
Kata tOV "EYEAOV d~ 'tilv "Ala()rrrt,x'tlV", ~ 'AvnyoVTJ eIVaL'to

agLatOV xat xagtEata'tov 'tEXVO'ugyrn.ta &gxai.a~ xat vEo)'tllga~ bga-
flatOAoyi.a~.
IeAAEU: '''Ryanrwa 7:i}v :Avnyovl1v el~ aMl1V nQol1Yl1()ewav ?;anjv.

L1ul7:0VW xai xavd~ OWfiO~ ev 7:fi naQ0'l5ay oev fie
xa()umi e1J7:vxfi. ,,1
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(Ji: aV7:fj~ eXeL w~ e;fj~: '0 eUQo~ uvv vlwv 7:OV OIO{nooo~
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'ErwxUa, oQyavwvet exa7:Qa7:dav (En7:l1. ent efJ{3a~) xadl 7:fj~
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aQxi} neQteQxewL el~ 7:0V aoeAcpov 7:fj~ fil17:QO~ 7:WV KQeovw. '0
veo~ {3aatAeV~ ota7:(iaaet va Wivy a.wcpo~ 0 IIoAvvdxl1~ w~ eX()Qo~
rfj~ XWQa~ xai aneuei on ()a 7:IflWQfjal1 OLa ()ava7:0V olovofjnou
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ave'ljJla wv KQeoVTo~ :Avnyovl1, neQtcpQovd 7:i}v {3aatAtXi}v nQoa-
rayi}v xai eveQyovaa aVficpwvw~ nQo~ WV~ aYQacpov~ ()e;;xov~
v6fiov~, anocpaai?;et va ()a'ljJl1 7:0V IIoAvvdxl1v, eVqJ ij aoeAcpfj 7:11~
olaraset va ri}v axoAov()fjal1. 'R ()aQQaUa XOQl1 7:0V Olobtooo~
aVAAat-t{3avewt xa()' fjv G7:tYfii}v ijwifia?;e 7:a 7:fj~ wcpfj~, nQoaaye-
ral oe evamLOV 7:0V KQeov7:o~ el~ 7:0V onoloV 0fioAoyei 7:i}v nQa~tv
rl1~ '0 KQewv 7:0U 7:i}v xawotxa?;et el~ ()avawv, va eyx).ew()fj
011A.aoi} ?;waa eVTo~ 7:acpov. IIaea ri}v enefi{3amv rfj~ 'Iafifjvl1~ (ij
o1toia Sl1ui va ano()avl1 fie7:a 7:fj~ aoe).cpfj~ 7:11~) xat wv fiOVOV
vlov rov KQeovw~ xai fiVl1a7:fjQo~ 7:fj~ :A V7:LYOVl1~ AlfiOVO~, 0
aXAl1eo~ ijyefiwv fieVet afie7:aneww~. 'EvqJ 0 AlfiWV aA).ocpQwV
xara rov narQo~ anevoet nQo~ 7:0V 7:acpov, 0 fiavn~ TeLQwiac; neo-
1. T~v 'AV'tLy6v1Jv toU lliqJoxAiou; IlLIl~e1JaaV ot: Attius, Alfieri, Roucellai,

Alamani, Gamier, Rotron, Annouil xat V !J.EQEL () XOQta:t~1J~ at~v 'EQw<PIA1J.
283
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Aeye el~ 7:0V K(!eovr:a oeva~ 'Xar:aa7:(!oq;a~ el~ r:TJv ol'Xoyeveu1.v

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ay'XaAa~ r:TJV ftvYja7:ijv ve'X(!av, 'Xa7:omv De AoyOftaXLa~ fte 7:0V
:nar:e(!a 0 AftwV 7:0V :n7:ve 'Xat emxe(!el va 7:0V q;ovevaYj, aAX
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7:Yj~ aV7:o'X7:ovel 'Xa7:omv 'Xat Tj ft~7:Yj(! 7:OV EV(!VOL'XYj, 'Xar:a(!wfteVYj
7:0V K(!eov7:a, 0 o:nolo~ ()(!Yjvel7:ijv 7:IflW(!OV Mol(!av.
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(!elr:a e~ 7:0V Atavr:a ~oq;o'XA.eOV~ 'Xat e~ 7:a~ 1'Xenoa~ EV(!:JrLOOV.
'0 ay(!aq;o~ VOftO~ el;~7:e 7:ijv r:aq;ijv otovo~:n07:e ve'X(!ov, oon
oiJ7:0~ i()ew(!el7:o ftOAVafteVO~ av eftevev ar:aq;o~, 'Xat ()a eftOAVVe
'Xat 7:0V~ aUov~. ot eYj{3alo ev 7:0V7:0~ e'X oetA.ta~ oev avr:ea7:Yjaav
el~ 7:ijv eq;a(!ftoyijv 7:ij~ avwr:e(!w Otar:ayij~ 7:0V K(!eov7:o~, 'Xat OV7:W
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EKAOrAI EK TOY APAMATQI

II (! 0 A0 y 0 ~ (II(}o 7:WV avax.6(}ltlv .wv e",fJwv)
ANTIFONH
"'Q 'XOLVOV ai,.ta~EAqJov 'IolL~VTJI!; 'XaQa.... 1
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O'tQ. "EQwl!; aVL'Xa'tE lLa')(,av. 781
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lLElL'I1VEV.
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avtLO"tQ. l::u xat <)LXaLWV, a.<)LXO'll~

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OU xat 'tOl)E vetxo~ a.vl)Qrov
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O"tQ. a' 'OQa:t' E~', d) ya~ ata'tQLa~ atoAL'taL,
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xoUato,;' a1'ie~ a.Mo. ~' 0 atay- 810
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'tov ()' E~OV ato't~ov a.l)axQ'll'tov OME~
cpiAwv O'tEva~EL.
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(nQ~A. : KOlllloV '<PLYE'VEia~ ana '''IqJlyevta EV Taveotq",
EUQL:rtibo'U O"t. 218-220)
lei>. Nuv l)E a.;ELVO'll atoV'tO'll ;dva
l)'lloxoQ'tO'll~ OLXO'll~ vaiw
ayaf.LO~, a'tExvo~, WtOA~, acpL1..o~
a.~vaO'tTJeELoa E; 'EAAavwv ....
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naVTWV oaLfiOVWV, a'Xaw~ eart 1j WreL(}O~,p:/fnore YVW~
Oewv Vne(}TaTOV".
(EuQIJt. AUyrJ-Wt6U3t.)
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uO:rtOLO~ 'tOV "EQO.>'tu SEO :rtUVLOX'UQo !lEO" 0" DA.U
XL avw'tEQO l'lEV 'tOv SUQQE'L xuL r oUQuvOii ax6!lu,
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"Iv TaV Oewv o..'Xa/inlov q;(}eva 'Xat {J(}OTWV

o..yet~, Kvn(}t, avv oi
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w'XvTaup nu(}qJ.
flOTaTat oe yalav, eVaXT/TOV 0'
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(EuQIJtL[)o'U 'I:rt:rt6A.'U'to~ 1268)
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flAPOIMIQLJEII IT/XOI EK THI ANTIrONHI
~.7l0 A araUllwv
I
ZEU~ YUQ IlEyaATJ~ YAooaaTJ~ 'X.OIlltO'lJ~ 127

UltEQex9aLQEL.
286
MA9HMA24ov
OMEV yaQ aVeQclm:OI.aLV o'l:ov aQYUQo~ 295

xaxov v6!lto!l' f~AaO'tE' 'tou'to xat 3t6Ae~
3tOQ9eL, 't6~' aV~Qa~ E;avLO'tT)aLV M!ltoV,
"C6~' b(~t~UaxEt xat 3taQalluooEt <PQEva~
XQT)o'ta~ 3tQo~ atOXQa 3tQuY!lae' LO'tao9m
~Qo'trov.
XOQO~
o'tQ. a' IIOAAa 'to. ~EtVa xoMev aVeQclm:O'U 332
~Etv6'tEQOV 3tEAet. 1
'AV'tLY. OihOl. O'UvEX9ELV, alla O'U!l<pWLV f<p'UV. 523

AL!LWV II6A~ yaQ aUx fOe', i)'t~ aV~Qo~ fOe' Ev6~. 737
XOQOi,; IIOAAql 'to <PQOVELV EiJ~m!lOVLa~ 1347
3tQro'tov tmuQXEt. XQiJ ~E 'to. i d~ 9EOU~
!IT)6Ev aOE3t'teLv.
nAPATHPH~EI~ Enl KEIMENQN

***
IIQaY!la'ttXaL, 'EQ!lT)vE'U'ttxai, MOQ<PoAoytXaL, "E't'U!loAoytxaL
IIaQaywyTJ A.e;LAOYLo'U.
EWLXW"CEQOV: l:'Uvwvv!la !J.E Ae3t'tE:~ EvvOtoAoytXE:~ &3tOXQWOE~:
'OM~ a'tQa3to~ O'tL~O~ O'tEVW3tO~
~Q6IJ.o~ XEAE'UeO~ 3tu'to~ QW;, a.lJ.a;t'to~
'tQL~OC; QUIJ.T) alJ.<po~o~ O'tQw'tiJ
ayuta oIlJ.o~ Aao<p6Qo~ "DeVET) oM~"
"AeQ)q;6eov~ ooov~ ",q m:exetv". (lIaeayy. lIu8ayoe.)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' xAio~. TO. O'Uyx03t't6IJ.EVa (1taeaYQ. 89, 90, 91).

2. 'A6QtO'to~ Wxat 3tiva; 'to'll "~ullo>", (1taQayealpo~ 221
rea!L!La't.Ttae't~avou)
1. n:Q~A. : "Ovdev acpeam:or:eeov :rce}..eraL voov av(}eW:ltOWLV". (AEOXTJC:;, MLKQ<l

'IAL<lC:;, an:6on:.)
'11J7
JWT:(}'-"lJ lrG.(}aama~ T:fj~ ~ vrtyoV1J~ mii IO(jJoxUov~
(,Avrty6v1'/, ,,~vva Ivvodtvoii)
288
MA9HMA250v
"Ol{Jw(; o{)O(; avtl{?... 'Halo~o(;.

Movayat 'fE1:lfJ.'fJfJVO(; aOava1:l/at
OV ~tl Ol XUO(; emal
oaov r:'b'Clxt~vaTal "'W(;.
Ma6mux; 250v
HEIOAOE
IloA:v OALYE~ TtA'IlQOqJOQLE~ EX0'UV TtaQab08fj TtEQI. 'tOU

'HoLobo'U, Et~ 'tOY (moLov ctTtobLbE'taL 0 !LEya~ 'X:UXAO~ 'tfj~ iE~a
'ttxii; xal. btbax'ttxii; TtOLitOEW~. Tu Mo XUQLa bLaow8EV'ta EQya
'to'll dVaL it eEorONIA xal. 'to EPrA KAI HMEPAI. To ovo!La
'to'll uvaqJEQE'taL !LOVOV O'tf]V eEorONIA. eyJt(IQXEL it EV'tuTtwm~ -
TtL8avo'tam EOqJaA!LEV'Il- 3tEQI. {JJtaQsEw~ Mo 'Hmobwv. "Evav 8Q'Il-
OXE'lJ'tLXOV, 'tOY UQXaLO'tEQOV, xal. Evav bLbax'tLxov xal. VEW'tEQOV.
'Es 0-0 xal. 'tu 8Q'UAOU!LEVa 3tEQI. bL3tAfj~ il~'Il~ xal. bL3tAOU 8ava't0'U
'tOU 3tOLY)'tOU, xa8cb~ xal. it 3taQOL!LLwb'll~ EXqJQam~ "'HatoOelOv
yij(}a~" .
IlEQt LOU uvaqJ'Uo!LEvO'U 3tQo~Ait!La'to~, at YVW!LaL bLxa~oV'taL.
'0 rravayfj~ AExa'tOa~ 3tLO'tEUEL O'tL 3tQOXEL'taL 3tEQI. Mo 3tOLY)'tWV.
'0 ~Tt. <lILA.L3t3ta~ uvaqJEQEL O'tL EX 'tWV O'tLXWV 22-27 'tfj~ eeoyovia~
UTtobELxvuE'taL O'tL 0 3tOL'Il'tf]~ V3tfjQSEV Eva~. ~'tO'v~ O'tLXO'U~ au'toiJ~
OftLA.EL 6 rbLO~ 6 TtOL'Il'tit~, U3tOXaAU3t'tov'ta~ O'tL V3tfjQSE ~ooxo~
UQXLXIl xat O'tL Ot !LOUOE~ -b'llA. 8EIxf] E!L3tVE'UO~- U3tEXaA'U'll'av 'til
ooa TtEQt 8EWV 'ljJaA.A.EL O'tf]V eeoyovia 'tOOO 'til TtEQaO!LEVa 000 xal.
'til ftEAA.OU flEva.
'0 'HQobo'to~ uvaqJEQEL O'tL 0 "O!Ly)Qo~ xal 6 'Hoi.obo~ II o-DWt
ewiv ot TCo1170aV7:e~ ()eoyovi1/v w'i~ "EM1/0t. .. ". 'E3tLO'YJ~, 3tOAU bLa-
bEboflEVO~ dVaL 6 eQUAO~ 3tEQI. 3tOL'Il'tLXOU bLaywvLO!LOU uva!LEaa
u'tov "O!L'IlQo xal. 'tOY 'HOLObo, 6 (mOLO~ bLaywvW!Lo~ bLEsitX8Y)
289
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!HL
-
o'ti}v XaA')tU)a, ')ta'ta 'ti}v 'tmpi}v 'tOU ~aOl)oo~ 1\.IlqJLl)ullanolO. 1 n'
at'hov 'tov M:yollevov ":4ywva 'O/i:fU}OV xaL 'Hawoov" elxe &.91..0-
Oe'tT]Ofj 'tQGtou~ E:n:l. 'tOU O:n:OLOU aveYQuqJT]:
lIawoo~ Movaat~ 'EALXWVWL l'OVO' ave91Jxev
"'Y.uvqJ vLx1jaa~ ev XaAxlOt gelov "0.u1JQov.
("'Ev oe l'qJ 'EALXWVL xaL cLU.OL l'Qbrooe~ xeivl'aL, xaL aQxawl'al'O<;
DV, ev XaAXlOt Aa{3eiv Uyovaw lIawoov vLX1jaana wofj".)
ITa'Uo. BoLW't. 31,3
AAAA EPrA TOY

rVvatxiJJv xar(i).oyo~: ('HoLm), hUll. "If ora ... " n:veaAoYLa
~Qrooov a:n:o 't~ 1lT]'tQL')t~ 'tou~ QLt~e~.
'Atnuovopia: OQLOIlVOL SVOL IlEAe'tT]'tai. 'to OeooQouv vero'tEQo,
l)W'tL, ')taOcb~ LoxUQLtOV'taL, ')tavel.~ l)EV ~!l:7toQouoe a:n:o 'to'te va EXT]
aVLxveuoeL aQLOllov ')tal. 'tQOXLaV :n:AaVT]'twv!
MeJ.ap:roliia: MO')tQUqJL')tOV. "IO'tOQLaL 'tou IlUV'tEOO~ MeM!l:7tol)o~,
')taOcb~ ')tal. 'twv TeLQeoLou, KUAxaV'tO~.
1lialot Aaxrv).ot: Me'taAA.oUQyol.l)aLllovE~. OMev l)LeoroO'I'J.
Xeiuwvo~ T:roOijxat: ~Leo~O'I'JOav 5 O'tLXOL. To avaqJQeL ')tal. 0
I1Lvl)aQo~.
8qqiw~ xat Het(!iOov Ei~ iiliov xarapaqt~.
E:rtOaMpuw Ei~ HqUa xat @ertv.
rij~ HEf!iolio9 1\.:rtoo:n:UOIla'ta OlJAM:yV'ta ,,:n:o "EQatooOvou~.
Aiyipto~: 'AvaqJQe'taL Et~ 'tov AtYLIlLOV, ~aOl).a ~ooQlioov, ULOV
'tOU ~roQOU.
KEf!apl~: allqJLO~'I'J'toullevov.
K7jvxo~ yapo91\.IlqJLO~TJ'teL'taL ~ YVTJOW'tT]~.
1. "... "a'ra 'ra; -rarpa; 'A",rptM",av'ro; 'rOv XaMuMw;, EV al; ~Of"TleOv "at
'Hatodov UnoQovatv breat dtaywvwaa(Jat ". mo,,.taQXOS
290
MA9HMA250v
AESIKON EOYiAA:
"'HOLOOO~. K'UllaLo~, veo~ M ?Wllw8ei.' {mo 'tou 3ta'tgo~ ~Lo'U xal.
J.l.rttQo~ Il'Uxtll~OTJ~ v '1\oxgU Bow)'tLa~. reveaAoyet'tm M elvm'tou
L\Lo'U tOU 'A3teAAtOo~ 'tou MeAavomo'U, OV (j)aaL 'ttve~ 'tou 'OIl~Qo'U
3tQ03t<l'toQo~ eIvm 3t<13t3tOV, ro~ ave'l\ltaoouv elvm 'Hotooo'U 'tOY
"OflrtQov, Bxa'tegov OE a3to 'tou '1\'tAgV'tO~ xa'tayeo8m. Ilm~fla'ta
oE mJtou 'tau'ta, 8eoyovLa, gya xal. tlllegat, aa3tL~, y'Uvmxoov
~QWtXOOV xa'taAoyo~ EV f3tf3ALot~ e', Emx~Oetov e~ Batgaxov 'twa
EQwflevov au'tou, 3tegl. 'toov 'IOaLrov ~aX't1JArov, xat dAAa 3tOAAa.
'Etef..ev'tTJoe OE EmSevrogel.~ 3tag' ~V'tL(j)(fI xal. K'ttfleV(fl, ot wx'troQ
Msav'te~ avmgeLv (j)90gea aoef..(j)fI~ au'toov, avei:f..ov 'tOY 'HoLoOov
axovte~. "'Hv bE 'Ofl~gO'U xa'ta 'tLva~ 3tgeaf3v'tego~, xa'tu OE
af..f..o'U~ ovYXgovo~. Ilog(j)vgLO~ xat dAAm 3tAeLo'tm, vew'tegov g'
Evta'U'toL~ 6QL~0'UOtV; ro~ f..f3' (.tovo'U~ EVta'U'toiJ~ o'U(.t3tgo'teQeLv 'tfl~
3tgw'tTJ~ 6f..'UJ.l.3ttaoo~. II
('0 r. ML<rtgub'tTJ; -A' 137- 3tL<rteUeL ()'tt 0 'Hoiol)o; elvaL oaipro; JAEtayeve-
mego; 'toii 'Ofl.t]go'U).
*
HllO~OL (ei~ "O(.tTJgov)
Yle Me).:rJ7:o~, "O/-lYJee, (Jew v a.7l'O /-l1]bw elbd>~, elJt' aye /-lOt
llaf-llle(J)Ta 7: cpeeTa7:0V ean fJe07:0WL.
OMHPOL
:AeX1]v /-lev f-l1] cpiJvat buX(JovotatV aeW7:0V, CPVVTa Oe 01l(J)~
&h,wm llVAa~ :Atbtao lleeijaaL.
***
9EOrONIA
'A3to'td,ei 'ti)v 'IEQav rQ(l'Pi)v 'troy 'EI..I..1]vrov. IleQLf..a(.tf36:veL
JtaQaMoEL~, O'tLXO'U~, E3tLge'ta a3tro'ta'tTJ~ agxmo'tTJ'to~. 'OQto(.tevm
fleAe'tTJ'taL xaQax'tTJgL~O'UV agt9flOv mLXrov ro~ 3tOAiJ agxato'tego'U~
'tii~ 'OflTJgtxfl~ 3tm~aero~, axollrt xat 'tfl~, 3tegL 'to 2000, xa9600'U
(:::E3tuv60o'U) 'toov 'HQaxt.etOoov.
291
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAn!!H!
rAwaaa: 'E3tL0'l11l0V U<pO~, UQXaL03tQE3tEi~ EX<pQaOEl,.

Me(!r}: IIQoOLIlLOV (1-115)
KOOlloyovLa -SwYOVLa (116-616)
TL'taVollaXLa (617-885)
SwyovLa~ (J'lJVEXELa (886-964)
"HQOJoyovLa (965-1020)
Kat 'tEA.euOVEL IlE 'tou~ O'tLXOU~:

"Nvv oe yvvavewv ~v).ov aeiom:e, ""ovbretat,
Movaat 'O).Vf.t1'tuioec;, ~ov(!at LlwC; alyw'X,ow II
CAxoAouSEi ~ IlE'ta~aOL~ d~ 'ta.~ llotar;.)
'ExAoyat U3tO HllOL\OY eEOrONIAN **

MouoaOJv1 T,ALxOJvLa~OJv UQXc.OllES' Ud~ELV, 1
a'L S' T,ALXOOvo~ EXOUOLV oQo~ !J.iya 'tE saSEov 'tE
evSev U3toQvU!J.EVaL, xExaAUIlllEvaL TJEQL 3toUn,

EvvUXLaL O'tEixov 3tEQLxallia oooav l.eioaL, 10
UIlWUOaL L\La 't' atYLoxoV xat 3to'tVLav "HQ'I1v
~QYEt'l1V, XQUOEOLOL 3tE~LAOL~ EIl~E~auiav,
xouQ'I1V 't'atytOXOLo L\w~ YAauxoomv ~STJV'IlV
q,oi~6v 't' ~3toUOJva xat "AQ'tEIlLV LoxEaLQaV
TJM IIooEL~aOJva YaLTJoXOV EVVOOLYaLOV 15
xat SEIlLV aL~OL'I1V, ALXo~M<paQov 't' ~<PQO~L't'I1V
"H~'I1v 'tE XQuooO'tE<pavov, XaATJV 'tE i\Lc.OV'IlV,
A'I1'too 't' 1rutE'tov 'tE WE KQovov UYXUAOIlTJ't'l1V
'Hoo 't' 'HEAtOV 'tE IlEyav, Aa!J.3tQav 'tE ThATJV'IlV
raiav 't' 'QxEavov 'tE IlEyav xat Nux'ta IlEAaLVaV, 20
1. "...'ta~ MotJau~ yeyovEvUL 'tOautJ'tu~ (bTJAubit 9) O'tl 'tOuvolJ.u Tij~ IJ.TJ'tQo~

uu'twv (bTJA. MNHMOl:YNH) EX 'toaotJ't(J)v YQulJ.lJ.(l't(J)v Ead.".
ID.otJ't(lQXo~ -l:uf.J.1toa. 744
292
MA8HMA250v
aAAOOV't' &8uv<hoov LEQov YEVOr;, utBv EOV'tOOV.
At vU 3t09' 'HoLobov X.UAi]V MLbu;uv uOLMIV,

aQvur;, 3tOLIlEVOv9' ~ALX.OOVOr;, lJ3tO ~U9EOLO'
'tOL'T] Mouoaoov LEQi] MOLr;, UV9QOO3tOLOLV.

'Ex. yaQ 'tOL Moumloov X.UL X.'T]~6A.ou ~3tOMOOVOr;,
avbQEr;, uOLboL euoLV E3tL X90vu X.UL x.L9uQL<J'tUL, 95
EX bE ~LOr;, ~UOLAfjEr;,' 0 b' OA~LOr;" ov 'tLVU MOUOaL
<pLAooV'taL...
"H 'tOL IlEV 3tQOO'tLO'ta Xaor;, YEVE't', uu'tuQ 116

E3tEL'tU
rut' EUQUO'tEQVOr;" 3taV'toov Bbor;, umpuAEr;, Ul.eL,
~b' "EQor;" or;, xaMLo'tOr;, EV u9uva'toLOL 9eoiOL, 120

AUOLIlEAi]r;" 3taV'toov ()E 9EOOV 3taV'toov 't' uv9Qoo3toov
MIlVU'taL EV mi]9wOL voov X.UL E3tL<pQOVU ~oUAi]V.
'Ex xaeor;, b' "EQE~or;, 'tE, IlEAaLVa 'tE Nu; EyEVOV'tO.
Nux'tor;, b' u.o't' At9i]Q 'tE X.UL 'HIlEQ'T] E;EYEVOV'tO,

our;, 'tEXE XUOUIlEV'T] "EQE~EL, <pLAO't'T]'tL IlLYEiou. 125
ruiu bE 'tOL 3tQoo'tov IlEV EYELVU'tO LOOV uu'tfj
OUQuvov umEQoEv9', tvu IlLV 3tEQL mlV'tu XUAU3t'tOL,
o<PQ' EL'T] lluxaQwoL 9eoir;, Bbor;, UO<pUAEr;, ul.eL.
rELVU'tO b' OUQEU lluxQa..
~ bE XUL U'tQUYE'tOV 3tEAUYOr;, 'tEXEV ...
'YIlEir;, IlEv vuv XULQE't', 'OAU!l3tLU bOOIlU't' EXOV'tEr;" 963

VfjooL 't' ~3tELQOL 'tE XUL UAIlUQOr;, Evbo9L 3toV'tor;,.
-IIAPATHPHEEIE
'EQIl'T]VEU'tLXU
MOQ<POAOYLXU
'E'tUlloAOYLX.U - "EvvoLOAOYLX.U
293
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOHHL
-A.ESIA.OrION
/!EAa~, IJAaVO~, &:/!auQo~, etA:u,

%EAmVO~, yvO<pO~ %at 6vo<po~,
~O<PEQO~, 3tEM~, 3tEAL6~, 3tEQ%VO~,
3tOALO~, <POQ%O~, %a'ta3tOALO~,
OQ<PVO~.
***
'E3tt X86va AtYTJL6o~,
<pwvfj~ <EAATJVL60~ 3tE<pU%E rEVO~ OE3t'tOV.
<Ilao~ 'AEALOV Q{iov EO'tt O~EVV"'Vm,

il rEVO~ 'Iaovwv EAEU9EQLTJV U3tOAEOm.
rEvo~ <EAAi]VWV!
uE6o~ 3tQOOTJALWV 3tVEU /!(l'tWV,
to'tOQLTJ~ EV'tL/!O~ UQxi].
IIaiJA.or; IIwrayewQyonovA.Or;
:Enovoam:r,r; EAAHNIKH:E Ar!JrH:E
Mawr; 1996.
294
S6Z
13'(t;Wg r? 13J 0lt '53~3'(~~~ 5uXprlSY:L ~:L Plt:q, ..
SV!.3r1ItV
, 1....it
SO!.9'(0m'(vii SOltl:L1tV:LDMfJ)J 9 1:Lg 3r1{JOlt ~It ltao,rlp'X. Sprl ~It ~11.
?Ol.!fv 101.9'( JO ItVD{JO'X.0P.8 SVJooWJ sYl. [utwD9 olt [woprlOVrllfl.D
YOXvovX If,aoXfl Q-0lt Saoo3:L9moCP SQ-0:L C(lltp mlf,F '03r1proW ItC(l:LD
S13gD~Olt JO If,VDVgJgV:L3r1 Q-0lt 1l,01f,J:LIf,V:LDIf,(T))J {JO:L 101.9'( JO ?vy
SvJOO:LDJ sY:L S~rII.1:LD 53yr;!.3r1 HOlt S?W ro~pg 1f:L C{>!.~ '03r1proW
{J0:L 000 00'l SpD 1f,{J00XV:LVOVlt1:LIf,P ~It ?V'X. v'(ltg It a Of)(fJ 'X. lw
~It ItVD{JOOOltri Q-0lt S30glf,'!l10 1O'(g 1O'(g 1tV:L(f OOOL 1J.g 3Dro:LD
1umg SO!.9'(0mYDII 5oltl:L1tvwlf,roy 9 Q-0lt LlItJ3'X.~ IfrlI.1:LD 1t1fJ.,
}oriS10'910 DMri;,> AI;t1 ~1}.. D}ODri101300lC H,
3S0~ A~Q Q-OlC - 10f,tV AI;t1 91C'9 :o13S!f09 A\f1 ~}.. D}AOO}..'9 H,
lStl 0.01 0109ri~ON A9 W 3riCtoA1Sd> 1D)1
1000'(1) AI;t1 9lC'9 A10lC :o1 A9 0 'X OS 'DOW AI;t1 ~ DOW 'DO~ 1;t1 ~ri Do~ri
S01Q1 9 30OO}9~ ~1 SOOlC2 'SctOA~.l Q.01 D}AOO}..'9 AI;t1 'D19AO}..3}.. ~1 '9x
-1AUXO 91 ':o130~01lC3'( 3S1X ~ 1DX S3Q1'(30 0001 91C'9 S303190D103lC
~o DO~ri 'Svri :o111ri ~!I.D ~100olCri 13}..1'(ct13~ ct01 }ou}..!fd>'9 AI;tW
SDUqlooo'XOOlC 1D)1 Sf,t3d>DOMC\D 9 ct01 0},(919 91 13~J'X01l1013"
Ii "-vO:LPllItIfW v'X.UO!f1t1t3!. 1:Lg ItvV:j3 {Jorl ?v)J CfJ:LXf(
?v'X. Itaorl'!llt 1300ltW 1t{!J:L~ 3:L1f,~lt !! 1t{!J10:L Itaorl'!llt 1300ltW 3:L91
mrlpriao It~V !(T)XOplt() 1J.g v'X.UOItPOD]V 3:L911 roXOplt(} 1J.g mrlolt
-POD]v ~It vmX0'!lItV:Lg 'ItVlt'j3 {JorlW:L:q", 'lOfr I C(lw v'X.UO!f1f,1f,3J Ii
SooriO.. l061 91 D(11U AI;tw 3XUS!fM3}..
So'(ctolC9'('(3AD)1 SU1ql1}..DADU SowuAri}3'9 9 112 9 1000M mA13
SOA(!>'jD ct00l Q.01 D},(919 D031}TIDX 01
~10 DO~ri 3~D1~1DX I;tX1110X D1ri09xJ...DlC ~ :o1DX19 Q-OlC 0},(91g . Ii lOt 1
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(Stl AOIVW 6Z
3:H:.I3:HVV :nu NOI:tlLm:.l NH.L 3:13 VWHd:.IIclJV
1\09(: VWH9VW
'Eyw :n:(}0~ 7:0V eeOV xa7:mpevyW xat el ()eArJ7:0V Avnp oovvat

rqv :n:OAW el~ Xei(}a~ aov, d~ 0 aV7:et:J7:elV ovvaf.leVO~; El oe Ef.lq;V-
uvaet elQf}VrJV EV 7:fj xa(}Oig. aov, 7:0V7:0 a:n:oMxof.lat. "Eyw MO 'rofj
viiv, 'ra~ xv).a~ (fivMG(J) OO'OV f} fJVvapt~ "
Kat EVcjj 0 aV7:ox(}a7:w(} elXe XV(}tw()fj a:n:o 7:qv yaAf}vrJ 7:fj~
alwvt67:rJr:a~ :n:(}07:0V :n:eaet xat ()vmaa()fj, 0 :n:aviaxv(}o~ Mwaf.le()
oev f.l:n:o(}ovae va navxaaet 0157:e 7:q vvxr:a va Xotf.lrJ()fj. Tov~ OVO
:n:(}eapet~ :n:ov f.lemptpaaav 'COv~ w(}atov~ AOyOV~ 'COV
Kwva7:avdvov wv~ axo7:wae. Kat ~ava~aVe :n:(}o7:aae~ a7:ov pam-
Ma.
"Tt Myet~: eeAet~ xar:aAe:n:etV 7:qv :n:OAW, xat a:n:eA()elv ev()a
POVAet f.le7:a uov amv a(}xov7:WV xat v:n:a(}xov7:WV vf.llv; "
'0 De paaaeV~ a:n:eX(}tvaw:
"To fJi 'rTrv xohv O'oi fJoiJvat, oin:' ipOv iO"ri oUre lillov 'rwv
xa'rotxoVvr:(J)v tv amfi. KotVfi rau yvwP:l1 xaV're~ amox(!oal(!i-
'r(J)~ axo8avoVpev xai ov (fitO'opdJa 'tij~ r;(J)ij~ f}pwv".
'0 avwx(}a7:w(} Kwvar:av7:lvo~, axt f.lOVO OeWO~ f.laXrJ7:q~ aMa
xat f.leya~ a7:q axbprJ xat ar:qv 'ljJvxf}, fj~e(}e xaJ.a on, Xt av OAot
:n:eoawav, DeV ()a :n:e()aWe 7:0 revo~ EVcjj av, vlo()e7:Wvr:a~ 7:k :n:(}0-
raaet~ wv aOVA7:aVOV, OeXo7:au va awaet 7:0V eav7:0 wv xat 7:0V~
a(}XOV7:e~, 7:0 reVO~ ()a Xavor:av.
'H nf.le(}a :n:ov e(}Xer:at elvat T(}hrJ, 29 Matov. 'H uAwr:ata
nf.le(}a 7:fj~ aV7:ox(}a7:o(}ta~ xat 7:fj~ ~wfj~ 7:ov. '0 K(J)vO"raV'rlvo~ fJtv
p;ro(!oiJO'e va rivet ,) x(!wro~ a(!mrO~ 'roiJ VXOfJOVAOV rtvov~.
'AxoO"ro;'r, fJtxfJ 'rov lI'rav va rivet ,) 'rekvralo~ 'roiJ i)'w8(!ov.
rtvov~. '0 uAevr:alo~ DeV exet 7:0 otxatwf.la va E:n:t~el. 'H f.lOVrJ
eXAoyq elVat 0 ()avaw~. "OXt 0 o:n:owaof}:n:ou ()ava7:o~. Elf.lat
pepaw~ on 0 Kwvar:av7:lvo~ ()a axeq;()rJXe on, av ()'Aot :n:e()atvovv
a:n:o a(}(}wana, 0 row~ oev eXet 7:0 Otxalwf.la v' a(}(}wa7:f}aet xat va
xAetaet 7:a f.lana 7:0V a' eva X(}eppa7:t. Kat on elotxwu(}a 7:q vvXr:a
exetvrJ, a(}()w~ xat ay(}v:n:vo~ :n:Aat a7:qv :n:VArJ wv i1y. PWf.lavov,
()a OtaAe~e f.lOVO~ 7:0V 7:0 ()ava'CO :n:ov wv a~t~e. "EOtW~e a:n:o
xov7:a 7:0V xat 7:0V aya:n:rJf.levo 7:0V q;tAO FeW(}Yw ~q;(}av7:~fj, 7:0V
earetAe va EXieMaet f.lta xa:n:ota ofj()eV e:n:etyovaa a:n:oar:oAq Yla
296
MA9HMA250v
vdvat iAEVOEeO(; Xat Wro 1:" moeytx" Xat 1:eVcpEe" flana 1:0V mo
mawv 'COV cpfJ..ov. L1ev e:!teE:!tE1:"V mea ExeiV1], va 1:0V xafl1/JEl fJ
aya:!t1] xaVEVO~. Ie fltr1.flWV mea (f' aeXiaEl va ~1]flEeWVEI, oa E'brE
xci:Trma anYfl" flsaa 1:0V () Kwvmav1:'ivo~ () IIaAawAoyo~. "'Q~ 'CiJ
anYfl" ExeiV1], :!tEeiflEVE. ~:!to 1:" mlYfl" ExeiV1], oev ElxE ma xateo
fl:!teoma 1:0V va :!tEelpivEl.
'H E:!tiOw1] l1.exWE :!tEet 1:"V OEV1:SeaV aAEX1:oeocpwviav. Kavet~
Mv alcpvlolaa()1]XE. "DAm ayev:!tvovaav. Kat 1mo08x01]XaV 1:0V
h()eo fle yevvaw1:1]1:a xat :!tEWfla. 30 1j xat 50 Tovexov~ e:!tee:!te va
avnflE1:w:!tiael, Efl:!toMl;ov1:a~ 1:0V~ v' aVEfJovv, lva~ flOVO OlXO~
fla~. T"v mo flEyciA1] :!tiea1] 1:"V 08X()1]xe () N01:aea~. ~a Xa1:acpE-
ee v' a:!tOXeOvaEl 1:0. XVfla1:a U.Ov ExOeWV. T"v mea Exeiv1] elxe
;exaaEl on :!teonflaEl 1:0V~ Tovexov~ a:!to 'COv~ Aadvov~, xat
:!toUfl1]ae alI. AWV1:ael. 'H :!teW1:1] cpaa1] 1:ij~ flaX1]~ elxE xee01]Oij. 'H
anYfl" EXeiV1] 1]1:aV flEyciA1]. Kat fl:!tOeOvaE va yiVEI, 1:0 'VlWae Xl ()
Kwva1:av1:'ivo~ xat flaAta1:a 1:0 cpwva~e, fJ anYfl" 1:0V ()avfla1:0~ xat
'COV Oetafl{3oV. ElxE a1:' aAqOeta :!tewOij () Kwva1:av1:'ivo~ on
fl:!tOeovae va xeeMaEl m~ 1:0 dAO~ 1:ij~ flaX1J~; IIlauvw on, 1:T]
O1:tYflT] ExeiV1], xat 1:S1:0tE~ anYfle~ eeXOV1:at flOVO flta cpoea a1:a
XiAta xeOVta, ViX1]aE flsaa 1:0V () Kwva1:av1:'ivo~ 1:T] AOYlXT] :!tov
1:OVAEYE on fJ vix1] Elvat aovva1:1], xat axscp01]XE on Mv elvat Ow-
AOV a:!tiOav1]. T" anYfl" EXeiV1] elxe xwek 11.).).0 ma1:8tpet a1:O
Oavfla -:!tov Oev eYlvE-.
L1vo ~1:aV 1:0. 1:vxa'ia 1j flolea'ia :!teetmanXa :!tov O1:oixwav 01:0
revo~ flOV 1:0. :!tav1:a. To :!teW1:O, 1]1:av () 1:eaVfla1:WflO~ 1:0V
']ovaUvtav1] xat 1:0 OEVr:eeO, 1:0 ;Exaaflsvo :!taea:!toeno. 'H
KEeXO:!toe1:a. '0 Kwv~avrivo~ x'W.7rq9qx ;arpvtxa xal a.7ro J'a
vWJ'a. Bf!VX6f1E1'o~ w~ )wv xal rirv ~opq;aiav qwv tv rfi ~e;t(i
1rOUov~ nov .7roMpiwv u'.7rEucpa;e. Kal J'O alpa .7roJ'ap1]~Ov EX
J'wv 1rO~iiJv xal Z~iiJv amoil lu~. ..
297
'0 K{J)vawv'tlvo~ naAaw)'6'Yo~ breae w~ XoLVO~ a't()a'tuf)'t'YJ~.

'E'taw 49. 1
"'Oao "lui 't'f/v K{J)vawv'tvov n6)'LV, K{J)vawv'tlvo~ evw'X:y/c;
f3aatJ.ev~, 'E)'v'YJ~ v6~, avea't'YJae av't'f/v xal el~ ax()ov ev(ja,!-wvtac;
xal 'tvX'YJ~ wM/'Y'YJae.
Kal bd K{J)vawv'ttvov, (jva'tvxofi~ f3aO).{J)~, vofi 'E)'v'YJ~,
'Eal{J) xal el~ eaxa't'YJv (jov).etav xal xaxo(jat{lovtav xa'tbreae...
***
"0 Kwvatavtivo~ IIa"'aLoMyo~ btEQaaE at~v "IatoQLa, atov
8Qu",o, ato IIaQa~v8L. "EYLVE E:7tO~, tQayov6L, DVELQO, EA.:rtL6a.
"0 Kwvatavtivo~ IIa"'aLo"'ayo~ EYLVE 6 MaQ~aQw~Evo~
BaOL"''I']a.~. Kat xavEva~ a"''''o~ "'ao~ atov xaa~o 6EV E'XEL, outE d'XE
:7tOtE to'\), Ma(){la(){J){levo BaatJ.a.

""'HAle !lOV aVll7:elAe navwv if OfJAOV t'ov XOO!lO cpeyye
Xl ext'ewe t'(1~ axdva~ oov if ok" t"f/v olxov/dv'fJv.
Kl el~ t"f/v KwvowvuvovnoAw, t'iJv neW'fJV cpovfllOfleV'fJV
xat t'wea t'iJv ToVeXonoAlv"Mv neenel mo va cpiyy'fJ~".
(K'IJ:n:QLa%oV 'Ava%uJ..:l'JflU 't'ij<; Koovmuvnvo'IJ:n:oAeoo<;)
*
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' x"'La~
~Ly~a"''I']Xta oMetEQa d~ -a~, -a'to~, (:n:uQuYQ. 92, 93).
(xe()a~, x()ea~, 'Ye()a~, 'Yij()a~, 17:e()a~).
2. ~,\)VUQ'I']~EVa Et~ -a{J) -cO - Tt{la{J) -cO.
~Q'XLXOt 'XQavOL xat :7tLVa; avVUQ'I']~EVWV tV:7tWV (:n:uQuYQ. 227).
1. Kut AiVE: rijl; Xl av t'ov xeat'ii~, oev t'ov ecpayel; i4.01].

L1ev ni(Jave. MaelUiewoe. KOlfliit'a1. Ja !;vnvijo1].
(K. IIuAUflii<;, 'H qJAOYEQU 'tOv BumALii).
298
'Haio(joc;
299
-------------------~
LJ lOVVmaXOv (}ea7:(!OV 'A(}1JVWV
300
MA9HMA26ov
Ma8tUux26ov
o EYPIDIAHE KAI TO EPrON TOY
Km:a'to "IIaQLOv ILaQILaQov", 'tijv aQXauYtEQTj oxEmtij ILaQ't'll-

gLa, 6 EUQlJttl)Tj~ EYE'VVi)STj o'tijv <l>A:ua (OTjILEQLVO XaMv6QL), xa'ta
'to nQo)'to iho~ 'tfj~ 73Tj~ 'OA.'llILJtLa6o~, 6TjA.. 'to 485 n.x. Mta dA.A.Tj
nATjQmpoQLa oILro~, ILE't<lYEVEO'tEQTj au'ti), MEL nro~ EYEVVi)STj m:ijv
kaAa!JXva xa'ta 'to nQOrto lho~ 'tfj~ 75Tj~ 'OA.'ll!LJtLci.bo~, bTjA.. 'to 480
n.x. xat ILa.A.LO'ta, onro~ nQoo'ttSE't<lL, xa'ta 'tijv "ILEQa 'tfj~ Evbol;Tj~
va'UILaxta~ (20 ~En'tEILj3QLO'll). To'tE 6 AtoX"A.o~ o'tijv aXILij 'tfl~
&VbQLXfl~ 'to'll "ALxta~, 45 E'troV, "fJ(}d)v~ O.n:A1:o.n:aA.a~, oaw~ avn-
naA.ot~" (axA.6vTj'to~, j3aQLa 6nA.LOILEVO~ nOA.EILLo'ti)~, oAEeQLO~
o'tO'u~ &V'tlJtaA.o'll~) nOAEILoiloE' 6 ~OCPOXAfj~, 16 E'troV, EOEQVE 'tOY
XOQo 'trov Ecpi)j3roV xQo{,oV'ta~ 'tijv MQa yUQro ano 'to 'tQon<lLo 'tfj~
vbtTJ~
ME Mo 't"no'll~ naQabtl)E't<lL 'to QVOILa 'toil na'tEga'toil EUQIJtL-
6Tj: Mvi)oaQXo~ xat MVTjoaQxtbTj~. CR ILTj'tEQa 'to'll WvoILatE'tUL
IO..EL'tC.o. ~V'tLcpa'tLxE~ eLV<lL ot nATjQocpoQLe~ YLa 'tijv XOLVroVLXij SEOL
'tow YOVEroV 'to'll. 'EILnoQaxo (xanTjAov) 'tOY MEL 'tOY na'tEQa 'toil
EUQIJtL6Tj 6 "Bto~ ". CR KAEL'tro EYLVE 6 bLaQxij~ m:OXo~ 'tfj~ XA.E{,Tj~
'tfj~ KroIL<pbLa~ noil bEY Ena'llE va 'tijv anoxaAfj XOQ't<lQoil, "Aaxa-
vonroA.LV". "E'tOL xaxoAoyiJ9TjXE 6 EUQIJt(bTj~, nro~ 'taxa Mv xa'ti)-
yE'tO ano EUYEVLXij YEvEa, naQa ano av9Qoono'll~ xa'tro'tEQO'll nOLoil,
acpoil ~oxoAoilV'to ILE EQyaOLe~ 'tfj~ ayoQ(i~. ~V'tL'tL9E't<lL " nATjQo-
cpoQta noil EnfjQE 6 kO'lltba~ ano dAA.oV j3LOYQacpo, 'tOY <l>LA.OxoQo,
:itro~" ILTj'tEQa 'toil EUQIJt(bTj ~'to "nov aq;oo(}a evyevwv", 6TjA. ano
:itoM xaAij OLXoyEvELa.
301
4
I
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAn~~H~
IIavtw~, o;n xut av aA'll8EU'll, MVJtaQU/lEA~8'llXE tl aywyiJ xut

tl /lOQCPWOL~ 'tOU.
"Evu~ XQ'llO/lO~ EIXE :rtQOEIJtEL O'tOV Mv~ouQXo :rtw~ a ul.o~ 'tou
8a EXEQ~JL~E O'tEcpavou~ VLX'll~ oe b'll/lOOLOU~ ayrovE~. 'EVO/lLOE
I
I AOL:rtOV a CPLAOO'tOQYO~ :rtU'tEQU~, :rtw~ E:rtQE:rtE va 'tOV xav'll aeA'll't~.
I "E'tOL a EUQL:rtLb'll~ aoxoA~8'llXE /le 'to :n:arXeaiWV (:rtaA'll xut :rtu-
I'
I' Y/lUXLU). MVf\/lOVEUOvtUL /laALO'tU xut PQUPEUOEL~ 'tou oe ayrovE~.

I'
" "EVWQt~ O/lW~ Eyxa'tEAEL'l\JE 'tOV a8A'll'tLO/lO, 'to'll EQQU;E /laALO'tU
xut AL80v aVU8E/lU't0~ a' EVu a:rtoo:rtuo/lU .:rtov o<b~E'tUL a:rto 'tOV
"AviOAVXO ", XU/lEVO :rtLU oa'tuQLxo bQu/lu:
II Kaxwv rae OViWV flvetwv xa()' 'EAAaOa
ovoev XaXlOV eonv a()A'f]iWV revov~ ".
1\.oxoA~8'llXE xut /le 't~V ~WYQacpLx~. ZWYQUCPLXOV~ :rtLVUXE~

a:rto 'to XEQL 'to'll EUQL:rtLb'll E:rtEbdxvuuv /le u:rtEQ'llcpaVELU 01.
MEYUQEL~.
ElxE 't~v EU'tUXLU a EUQL:rtLb'll~ va ~~O'll O't~V E:rtOX~ XU'ta 't~V
a:rtOLU EYLVE 'to mo XU'tU:rtA'llX'tLXO :rtVEU/lU'tLXO I;U:rtV'll/lU :rtov ElbE a
xOo/lO~. '0 '1\vuI;UYOQU~ 'tov E/lU'llOE O't~V cpLAOOOcpLU. '1\XOUOE 'ta
/lu8~/lu'tu 'to'll IIQoMxou, 'to'll. IIQw'tuyoQu, 'to'll CPUOLXO'll
'1\QXEAaou XUL, o:rtW~ MVE, ElXE CPLALU /le 'tOV l::wxQa't'll, a a:rtOLO~
U:rtfjQI;E 8uu/luo't~~ 'tou. Kut EV<P bev OUV~8L~E va :rt'llYULV'll 0't0
8EU'tQO, bh acp'llVE XU/l/lLU :rtUQao'tUOL 'to'll EUQL:rtLb'll xut EbLVE
/laALo-ra 't~V yvOO/l'll 'tou xut ax.E'tLxe~ oU/lPouM~ YLa 'ta bQa/lu'ta
'tou. '0 EUQL:rtLb'll~ XU'tELXE O:rtOUbULU LbLW'tLX~ PLPAL08~x'll.
'1\VUCPEQE'tUL O'tL ~O'llOE a:rto'tQuP'llY/lEVO~ a:rto 'tOV XOO/lO O't~V
l::UAU/lLVU, oe EVu a:rtO/lBQO :rtUQUALUXO O:rt~AULO, :rtov 'to BlxB bLU-
OXBuaOBL oe XU'tOLXLU xut O:rtoubUO't~QLO. 'Exei /lBAB'tO'llOB xut
EYQUCPB 't~ 'tQUYqlMB~ 'tau. Au'to 'to O:rt~AULO ~'tUV YVWO'tO ro~ 'ta
XQOVLU'tO'll IIALvLou (A' -B' ut. /l.x.) xut 01. l'tOUQLO'tB~" EXBLV'll~ 'tfj~
E:rtOXfj~ :rtov Ecp8uvuv ro~ 't~V l::UAU/lLVU bev I;BXVO'llouv va 'to
EmOXBcp80'llv.
"O/lW~ UU't~ tl a:rtO/laXQ'UVOL~ 'tou a:rto 'tOV XOO/lO 'to'll ExaQLOE
avtLb'll/lO'tLXO't'll'tU. T~v 'tam va a:rtO/lOVOOVB'tUL 't~V EeBOOQ'llOUV
302
......
MA8HMA26ov
aA.asovda xa\' nEQLcpQOVf)OL, a<pou !lO:A.L<rta "xa avarqeo; ecpaivs-

r:o xa fllaOYSAW;".
cH swi) 'Wl) mXQ0:8f)XE ano
Mo a't'llXEL YO:!lO'll.
To 408 nX., YEQO mo:, acpf)oE YLa no:v'ta 't~v 'A8i)va xa\' !lE'tE-
~f) o't~v MaYVf)ota 't~v 'AOLavi). T~v nOA.L alh~ 't~v ElxE xaQtoEL 6
'AQ'taSEQsf) O'tov 9E!lLO'tOXA.fj, o'tav 6LWY!lEVO ano
't~v 'A8i)va
eIXE xa'tacpuYEL o't~v nEQ(JLX~ AUA.i). TWQa 't~v X'llPEQvouoav
anoyovOL 'tOU 9E!lLO'tOXA.EO'll, fmo'tEA.EL o'tov paOLA.Ea 'toov
TIEQOOOV.
l:'t~v Mayv'r)ota eYLvE 6EX'tO !lE OEPaO!lO, onw
!lE OEPaO!lO 80.
'tov Mixov'tO xa\' o't~v !laxQ'llv~ l:LXEA.La, ono'll noA.A.o\' 'A8f)vaLOL
atX!lO:A.w'tOL, anayyEA.A.oV'ta !lovoA.6yO'll i\ 'tQayo'll6wV'ta XOQLXO:
'to'll, eyM'twoav ano
'to. CPQLX'ta 6ELVa 'tfj atX!laA.woLal xa\' 'to.
nOLf)'tLXa aQLO'tO'llQyi)!la'ta 'tOU EUQLnt6f) eYLVav yvwo'ta o't~v
nEQLox~ 'tou OLXEA.LW'tLXOU EA.A.f)VLO!lOU:
"EVLOl De xa M EVelJtioqv eaw()qaav. MaALaW yae, w;

emxs, 't'(vv eX7:o; 'EAAf}VWV eJto()qaav avr:oiJ 7:ijv floiJaav of Jtse
~lxsAiav' xa fllXea 't'(vv acplxvovfl8VWV exaa7:ou oeiyflaw xa
ysvflaw XOfll~OV7:WV eXflav()avovu; ayaJtq7:w; flsuOiooaav
aUf}Aol;. Tou yoiJv cpam 7:WV aW()8V7:WV o'txaos avxvov;
aam1.aaa()at 7:0V EVelJtioqv cplAOcpeOVW;, xa olqys'la()at 7:0V;
f.l8V, an OOVASVOVU; acpei()qaav exoloa~avu;2 aaa 7:WV exei-
vOV JtOlqf.la7:WV efl8flvqV7:0, wv; 0' au JtAavwflsvol flS7:a dlv
f.laXqv, 7:eocpfj; xa voaw; f.lS7:8Aaf3ov, 7:WV f.lSAWV (iaavu;.
ffiO'lJ't. NLXia~, 29
1. IIEA.OJtovvt'Jmuxo~ 3tOA.EIlO, XU't<lO'tQoqJTJ toll ~e'I'Jvu'Cxoll OtOA.O'll otiJv

4XEMU.
2. 'E~ 0-0 XUL ft 3tUQOLIlLU E3tL ayvoO'llIlEVOOV: "YH r:i(}V'l'I'x.ev r; otOaaXEt
Yeaflp.ar:a. "
303
bn
"""
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAL EAAHNIKHL rAOHHL
0 ltOLTJ1;~~ eIxe mXQa8'i'j alto 't~v 6'Ua!LEVeLa 'toov ~8'1']vatoov

xal alto 'tOu~ XAe'Uaa!LOU~ 't'i'j~ Koo!Lcp6ta~. 0 'AQLa'tocpaV'l']~ 'tov
, I
i
AOL60Qoilae !Lovt!LOO~, xal 'to a8'1']va'Lxo XOLVO 'tov E'tL!L'I']ae !LE ltQOO'to
~Qa~eLo !LOVOV 5 CPOQE~.
~ltO 't~v MaYV'l']ata !Lf'tE~'I']' a't~v Maxe60vLa XaA.ea!LEVO~ 'toil
~aOLMoo~ ~QxeAao'U.
Ixavo~ ~aOLAeu~ 0 !Laxe6ffiv ~QXEAao~, eIxe cpLA.060~~aeL va
aV'U'\jJwan 't~v IlEAAa aE XEV'tQO ltVe'U!La'tLXO, xal YL' au'to ltQoaxa-
Aoilae a't~v AUA~ 'to'U cp'l']!LLa!LEVo'U~ avaQWlto'U~ 'toov YQa!L!La'toov
xal 'toov 'texvoov. ~'t~v IlEMa 0 EUQLltL6'1']~ O'UvaV't'l']ae 'tov ltOL'I']'t~
~ya8oova, 'tov !LO'UOLXO TL!Lo8eo, 'tov tooYQacpo Zeil~L xal 'Laoo~ xal
'tov 80'Ux'U6L6'1']. IlOAU 'tL!L'I']'tLXa 'tov vlte6Ex8'1'] 0 ~aaLA.ev~. Ma xal
o EUQLltL6'1']~ 'tOil Exa!Le Eva 600Qo: EYQa'\jJe a't~v IlEAAa, YLa va
ltaLx8'i'j a'to 8Ea'tQo 't'l']~, 'tov "':4('xeAao", 'tQaycp6La EfLltVe'Ua!LEV'I']
alto 't~v too~ xal 'tl~ lteQLltE'teLe~ 'toil ~QxeAao'U, altoyovo'U 'toil
HQaxMo'U~ xal L6Q'U'toil 't'i'j~ 6'Uvaa'teLa~. no. 'to 8Ea'tQo IlEAAa~
EYQa'\jJe O't~v Maxe60vLa. xal 't~ "Bcixxer;".
~'t~v lta'tQL6a 'to'U M 8EA'I']ae ij Mv ltQoAa~e va Ema'tQE'\jJ'I'].
~ltE8ave O't~v IlEMa, ltL8avw'ta.'ta 'to 407. "O'tav !La8ev't'l']xe O't~v
~8~va 0 8ava'to~ 'to'U, 0 ~OCP(tXA'i'j~ EcpoQeae ltEv8L!L'I'] Ev6'U!LaaLa
xal ltaQo'UaLcltoV'ta~ "-rov xo('ov xat V:n:OX('l-rCZr; iia-recpavd)'fov~ BV
-rcj) :n:('oaycj)vl" ("Bio~") altEOltaae 'to. 6axQ'Ua 'tOil 6~!L0'U.
"OltOO~ YQacpeL xal 'to Ae~Lxo 'toil ~0'Ut6a, 'tov xa'tealtaQa~av
01, x'UV'I']ye'tLxot axvAOL 'toil ~QxeAao'U.
'E'tacp'l'] a't~v Maxe60vLa. 01, ~8'1']vaLOL 'tov E'tL!L'I']OaV !LE xevo-
'tacpLo. ~ ltA'I']QocpoQLa 'toil "BLO'U" YLa 'tov a'Uv8E't'l'] 'toil EmYQa!L!La-
'tO~ EltaVOO o'to xevo'tacpLO, 'taAav'teve'taL !Le'ta~u 'toil Lo'tOQLxoil
80'Ux'U6L6'1'] xal'tOil !LeAoltOLoil TL!L08Eo'U. IlaV'too~ 0 ltQoo'to~ O'tLXO~
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8ea.'tQLxoov:n:aQao'tuaewv.
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l)WOo)OE <'> Q~'tO)Q A'UxouQYo~
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ci..noe(J'Jjmv (bro, cpee/JO/levOL "AeLV01:a1:aV aocptav... "
307
EMHNIKH ArOrH MAE>HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
-HAOYTAPXOY AYIANAPOI (15)

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LA.0xoQo'U, ~QLox'tm I-tLa UX0l-tTj LOX'UQO'tQTj 'tau'tLoL~. TL~ l-taQ't'U-
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~. "XQovCP b' UO''tEQOV EVQL:7tLbou Ev UAO'EL '&LVL :7tQo 't'ii~ :7t6AE{J)~

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6ESfj 'XuL f,tE EVUV aAAO 'tom'Xo f,tuSO :rtov aqJoQQ. 'tOV TEU'XQO, 'tOV
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eEMrJVLO'tL'XWV XQovwv, 'tov A'U'XoqJQovu.
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(eE"-AaVL'X.O Frg. 133, '2."/..0"-. EVQL3t.)
310
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1nnij~ o'ti,xo~ 19
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eeaJlocpoQl(1.~ovaat o'tLxo~ 387

I'uvij: BaQi(J)~ cpiQ(J) oQwaa iJW'i~ nQon1]A.a"l~oJliva~ uno
EVQtnioov TOV Tij~ A.axavon(J)A.1]7:Qia~.
('El; OAWV a:O'twv 0 'X.wIlL'X.O~ KQa'tLVO~ :n:M.8eL 'to Qfillu "euQIJtLbuQLO'tOCPU-
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ALOXUAO'll:
Xogo, (J'tixo~ 565
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OL'tLVE~ nE~aL~ [.taXaLOLV EV 'tE va'llcpgax'tcp o'tga'tq'>
navmxoil VLXWV'tE~ aEL 't"v6' EXOO[.t'l10av nOALV.
au yug oMd~ n<fmo't' au'twv Evav'ti,O'll~ 1.6wv
TJgi8[.t'l10EV, aAA' 6 8'll[.to~ EiJ8iJ~ ~v a[.t'llvLa~.
EL M no'll nEoOLEv El.~ 'tOY ib[.tov EV [.taxn 'tLvi,
'toil't' anE'ljJ"oav't' (iv, eI't' TJgvoilv'tO [.til nEn'tooxEVaL,
aAAu 6LEnaAaLOV ai'i8L~ ....
1. 'EltL 'tou m\ltA01J 'tf\~ 8eii~ ~8'I']vii~ ltUQlm:UV'tO 6u'.t 'X.EV't'lll.Ul'tWV 01 yiyUV'tE~,
01 ~QlOE~, xu8w~ %at <'iV6QE~ ltEQicp'l']IlOL 6u'.t 'tT]v UV6QEiuv 't01J~.
321
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EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLIH!
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Pij l)' oM' ailQ oM' oUQavo~ ~v. 'EQE~O'U~ l)' EV a:rtdQoO'L 'XOA:rtOL~,
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O'tLA~c.oV VW'tOV :rt'tEQUYOLV XQ'UoaL'V, Et'Xro~ aVE/lw'XEO'L l)LVaL~.
o.o'to~ M XUEL :rt'tEQOEV'tL /lLYEL~ VUXLO~ 'Xa'tu TUQ't'aQo'V EUQUV
EvEO't'tE'UOE'V YEVO~ ~/lE1'EQOV, 'XaL :rtQw'tO~ aVftyaYEv Et~ cpw~ ...
XUOI;; ~'tav xat NuX'ta xat ox6't01;; ~a8ll

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xat o'to qJro~ 't1]V aVE~aoE JtQw't'I'J ...
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El(}17V'fj o't. 1096
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1. ~'tLXO~ 6fl'I'JQLX6~, 'IALa.~ I 52.
322
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Avow-rea-r'YJ (rt. 595 (OXOALul;;ovta~ 'to'V u'V6Qa ... )

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Lro'XQU'tT}~, 'HQa'XAfj~ (JtaQaYQ. rQU!l!lULLxfj~ nUQ'tt. 96 - 97)
2. 8T}A'lJXCt EL~ -w~ yE'V. -ov~ (at6w~) (rcuQaYQ 98)
3. Lu'Vm~T}IlE'Va Qtllla'tU EL~ -ow -m (6T}A6ro -6T}A<l -
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I, i
"'Q~ eqla,;" EX ~' EyeAaaaE :na't~Q aV~Qoov 'tE SEOOV 'tEo 59

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, ~,,, ,
.... EV u aQa, qJrov'I1v 79
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~ooQov MWQ'I1aav...

XQ"cn:ov IlEV :nQw'tLa'ta yevo~ IlEQa:nrov avSQw:nrov 109
aSuva'tOL :noL'I1aaV 'OAullma ~wlla't' EXOV'tE~.
ot IlEV E:nt KQavo'lJ ~aav, o't' oVQavcp EIl~aaLAE'lJEv'
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'OfL, 'D..La~: nV/le~ /lev naneqv~we "al ya'ia yevowOe ", (H 99)
"e" yatTjq nana "al elq yijv nana t'eAwt'a ". (B 27)
326

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Jt<lV'tU 116
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UU'tOIlU't'l1 JtOMOV 'tE XUL u<p8ovov..
~EU'tEQOV U1)'tE YEVOr; JtOA:U XELQO'tEQOV

!J.E'tomo8Ev 127
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ZEUr; M Jtu'tT]Q 'tQi.'tov UAAO YEVOr; IlEQOJtOOV

av8QwJtoov 143
XU).)Wto'Y Jtoi.'I1o' oux aQY'UQEq;l oUfJev 0IlOLov,
EX IlEALUV.
Au't<lQ EJtd xuL 'tou'to YEVOr; xu't<l YULu

XUA'lJ'lPEV, 156
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ZEUr; KQovi.6'11r; Jtoi.'I10E, 6LXaLO'tEQOV XUL UQELOV,
av6Qoov 1)Qroonr 8etov YEVOr;, ot XUAEOV'taL
tllli.8EOL..
KUL 'tOL IlEV vUi.O'lJOL, aX'I1Mu 8'lJIlOV exoV'tEr;,
EV IlUXUQOOV V~OOLOL JtuQ' 'QXEUVOV pu8'lJ6l.V'l')v,
OAPLOL i\QOOEr; ..
M'I1XE'tL eJtEL,;' OO<pEMOV EYch JtEIlJt'tOLOL IlE'tELVaL 174

av6QuOLv, aAA'il JtQ008E 8uvELv il eJtEL'tu
YEVE08aL,
Nil'Y yaQ ~it yivo; Emt (Jt~itQO'Y.
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA6HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAOHH~
I "Mrpdn e:n:el'Ca wcpellov eyw :n:ift:n:r:OWl fter:e'iVal aVOQaOLV

i I
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:rto'U~ 'tou :rtEJ,t:rt'tO'U YEVO'U~, aUa ~ va E1xCl :rtESO:VEL mo :rtgtv ~ va YEV-
VLOJ,tO'UV'XCl'tomv.
ilLO'tL 'tcOga 'to YEVO~ ElvaL OL(')~gEoV -OXA.T]Qo-. IIo't, Oii'tE J,tLa J,tga
Mv so, :rtO:ljJO'UV va xomato'Uv xat va ~'UO't'Uxouv, oii'tE 't~v vVX'tCl so,
~O'Uxato'Uv, atpou ot SEOt so, 'tou~ Mvo'Uv f3agEI~ tpgOV'tL~E~.
'0 ZEiJ~ so, atpaVLO'I'J 'Xat 'tou'to 'to YEVO~ 'toov SV'I']'toov aVSgcO:rtwv1
'to'tE :rtou so, YEVVLOUV'taL -'to, :rta~L(l- J,tE yxgLta J,taULa o'tou~ 'Xgo'ta-
tpo'U~ xat Mv so, J,toL<itll 0 :rta'tEga~ ma :rtaL~La 'to'U oii'tE 'to, :rta~w so,
1"
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CI " I
Kat ~EV So, dVaL 0 ~EVO~, tpLA.O~ 0' alJ'tov :rtou 'tov tpLA.O~EVEt, oii'tE 0
ovv'tgotpo~ o'tov ovV'tgotpo, OU'tE 0 a()EA.tpo~ So, ElvaL tpLAO~ o'tov
MEAtpO o:rtw~ :rtaAlla.
Kat 'tOu~ yovEt~, J,tOAL~ YEgvUVE, So, 'tou~ xa'tatpgovouv So, 'tou~
Uf3gLtO'UV J,tE f3agLa A.6yLa ot USALOL, ayvocOV'ta~ 't~v 'tLJ,tWgLa 'toov SEWV-
'XaL Mv So, ~E:rtAllgcOvo'UV o'tOu~ YEgaoJ,tvo'U~ ma yovEt~ 'to, ooa 'tga-
f311~av YLa va 'tOu~ avaSgEtjJo'UV.
XELgO~L'XLE~ ... 0 Eva~ 'to'ij UAAO'U so, AEllAa'tfj 't~v :rtOAL. KaJ,tJ,tLa
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'to ayaSov. IILO :rtOAU so, ex'tLJ,touV 'tov uvSgw:rto :rtou so, ~La:rtga't'tf(
Uf3gLV so, E:rtLxga't~O'I'J 'to ~LxaLOv 'tou ~'Uva'tou xat ~ atM)~ 80, e~atpa
VLOSfj xat so, f3M:rt'tll 0 xa'Xo~ 'tov 'XaAo 'tov uvSgw:rto, J,tLA.cOV'ta~ !Jk
YAooooa ~LtpogoVJ,tEVll, ()LEo'tgaJ,tJ,tvll, 'Xat sa :rtaLgvll 'Xat og'Xo a:rto
:rtavw, O'tL 'to, MEL owma....
Kat 'to'tE ma, ~ At()w~ xat ~ NEJ,tEO~, a1C 't~v :rtAa'tv~goJ,tll 't~v yfj
S' avaxwg~oo'Uv xat So, :rtE'ta~o'Uv :rtgo~ 'tov "OA'UJ,t:rtO, atpou xaA.'lltjJo'Uv
't' oJ,togtpo :rtgoow:rto 'to'U~ J,tE 'to, A.E'U'Xa 'to'U~ :rtE:rtAa, 'Xat So, eyxa'taA.EL-
tjJo'Uv 'tou~ avSgcO:rto'U~ xat o'tOu~ SVll'tOU~ So, a:rtoJ,tELvo'Uv tpOf3EgOt
:rtOVOL xat ~'Uo't'UXLE~. Kat YL' aino 'to 'Xaxo, ()EV So, u:rtag~l1 YLa'tgELa ..2
1. "ZeiJ~~' oAiaEL xat 'toil'to Yf:vo~ J-tEgo:n;rov uv8gc.O:n;rov".

2. (~:n;O~OOL~ EX 'toil :n;gro'to'tu:n;ou 1\vva Euma8lou)
328
MA8HMA28ov
Kat -rou M lteO~ "OAVft1tOV alto x()ovo~ evevooei'fJ~,

Aevxo'law cpaeWaL xaAV1pafleva xeoa xaAov, a()ava-rwv fledl
CPVAOV t-rov lteOAmovr:' av()eWltOV~ Alow~ xat NefleaL~. TO. Of: Aet-
1jJewL aAyea Avyea ()v'fJ'rO'l~ av()eWltOLaL. Kaxov oe ovx eaaewL
aAx~ ...
('Ev O'UvEXELa 3tgOEL()03tOIL 'tou ftYEfJ.OVU):

'l'Q ~UOL":i'jE .
TgL yag fJ.UQLOL ELOW E3tL X90VL 3to'U":lJ~O'tELQn 253
U9UVU'tOL Z'l1vo <puAmtE 9v..,'toov uv9goo3toov
ot QU <p'UAaOOO'UOLV 'tE ()bw XUL OXE'tALU EgyU
TtEgU eOOUfJ.EVOL, 3tuV'tn <pOL'tOOV'tE bt' uIav.
'H ()E 'tE 3tUg9EVO EO'tL ~LX'I1, ~LO EXYEyU'ULU 256
x'U()QiJ 't' UL()OL'I1 'tE 9EOL ot "OA'UfJ.3tOV EXO'UOL
XUL rl 03to't' av 'tL fJ.w ~Aa3t'tn OXOALOO ovo'tutoov,
UiJ'tLXU 3tag ~LL 3tU'tgL XU9EtO!tEv.., KgOVLOOVL
Y'l1gUE't' uv9gomoov U()LXOOV voov, o<pg' U3tO'tELOn
()fjfJ.O U'tU09UALa ~uOLMoov ot, A'UygU VOEUV'tE,
aAAn 3tUgXALVOOOL ()LXU OXOALOO EVE3tOV'tE.
Tuu'tu <p'UAUOOOfJ.EVOL, ~UOtA.fjE, L9uVE'tE fJ.u9o'U
()OOgO<pUyOL...
...ft ()e xuxi) ~O'UAi) 't<P ~O'UAEUOUV'tL xuxio't'l1 265

3tuV'tu L()rov ~LO O<p9UAfJ.O XUL 3tuV'tu voiJou
XUL V'U 'tU()E...
-nAPOIMIAKAI EK(JIPAEEII AnO TO EnOI
O't. 320 XgTtfJ.um ()' OUX ag3tUx'tu, 9Eoo()om 3tOMOV UfJ.ELVOO.1

O't. 342 Tov <ptAEov't' E3tL ()UL'tU XUAELV, 'tov ()' EX9gov EdOat.
Tov ()e fJ.UALO'tU xuA.ci:v o 'tL oE9EV EyyU9L VULEL.
YEi'toVE atooo'tOL EXLOV, tooouV'to ()e 3t'l10L.
IlfjfJ.u xuxo YEi'tOOV..
1. IIQ[3I... "EU1;EO~ fJ' 0 nl..oii'to~ c'ifJLx6~ 't~ oov." (EvQlJt. 'EMVI] 999)
329
Q
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAO~~H~
O''t. 361 Ei yaQ 'XEV 'Xal. O'JlL'XQOV Eltl. O'JlL'XQtl> 'Xam8Eio

'Xal. 8aJlu 'toui' BQ()OL~, 'taxa 'XEV JlEya 'Xal. 'to yEVOL'tO...
O''t. 370 ML0'80~ ()' aV()Ql. <po...cp EiQ'T]JlEVO~ dQ'XLO~ EO''tW

'XaL 'tE 'Xamyv~'tcp YEMO'a~ Eltl. JlaQ't'UQa 8E0'8m.
-ANArNIlIMA
***
Ii.
'Ex 'tow NOJirov 'toii XaQrovl)a

(Xa(!wvoa~: Kawva'io~ vo#o()b;'YJ~ -6o~ at. n.X.)
(Llwo. ~lXeAufJT:rJ~ IB' 11-12): " ...ELAOV'tO ()E 'Xal. VOJl08E't'T]V 'tOV
dQLO''tOV 'tWV Ev ltm()d{l 8a'UJlatOJlEVWV ltOAL'tWV XaQciw()av.
oii'tO~ ()E EltLO''XE'ljJaJlEVO~ 'tU~ altaV'twv VOJlo8EO'La~ E;EA.E;a'tO 'tU
'XQa'tLO"ta 'Xal. 'Xa'tE'ta;EV E~ 'tOU~ VOJlO'U~, ltOMU ()E 'Xal. WLa EnLVO'T]-
O'aJlEVo~ E;EUQE... IIQw'tov J.tEv YUQ 'to~ Jl'T]'tQ'ULUV EnayoJ.tEvo~ 'Xa'tu
'tWV i()twv 'tE'XVWV B8'T]'XE ltQoO"tLJlOV 'to Jl~ YLvE0'8m O"UJl~OUAO"U~ 'tOu-
'to'U~ 'tfi lta'tQ(()L ...'tou~ ()E &:n;O't'UxoV'ta~ 'ttl> yaJlcp 'Xal. ltaA.LV Ev 'tOL~
a,ho~ aJlaQ'tavoV'ta~, d<pQova~ ()ELV UltOAaJl~avE0'8m. Tou~ ()' Enl.
O"U'Xo<paV'tL{l 'Xa'tayvw0'8EV't~, ltQoO'E'ta;E ltEQL:Jta'tELv EO"tE<pavwJ.tE-
VO'U~ Jl'UQL'XU, OltW~ EV lta.m 'tOL~ ltoAhm~ <paLvwV'tm 'to ltQW'tELOV
! ' 'tfj~ ltOV'TJQLa~ ltEQL:JtOL'T]J.tivOL.... BYQa'ljJEV 'Xal. ltEQI. 'Xa'XoJlLALa~ VOJlov
E~MayJ.tEvov... 'Xal. ()L'Xa~ EnOL'T]O'E 'Xa'XOJlLALa~... 'EvOJl08E't'T]O'E YUQ
'tWV ltOAL'tWV 'tou~ 'UiEL~ CbtaV'ta~ JlaV8aVELv YQaJlJla'ta, XOQ'T]youO"TJ~
'tfj~ ltOAEW~ JlL0'8ou~ 'tOL~ ()WaO''XaAOL~ ...'Xal. 'tOO'OU'tOV UltEQE~aAE'tO
'tou~ ltQO'tEQOV VOJl08E't~O'aV'ta~, ()'T]JlOO'LCP JlL0'8tl> 'tou~ voO'ouV'ta~
'tWV i()LW'tWV UltO La'tQwv 8EQa:JtEuE0'8m ..'Xa'XELvwv J.tEv 'tWV La'tQwv
EUXOJlE8a Jl'T]MltO'tE XQdav BXELV ... "EYQa'ljJE 'tov ltEQI. 'tfj~ 'tWV
oQ<pavwv <p'UAa'Xfj~.. 'tWV JlEV oQ<pavL'Xwv XQ'T]Jla'twv EltL'tQOltEUELV
'tou~ aYXLO''tEi~ 'tou~ alto lta'tQo~, 'tQE<pEO'8m M 'tou~ oQ<pavou~
ltaQu 'to~ O''UYYEvEm 'tfj~ Jl'T]'tQo~...
"E'tEQOV M E8'T]'XE VOJlOV 'Xa'tu 'tWV AL:JtOV'tWV 't~v EV ltOAEJ.,LCP
'ta;LV, ~ 'to O'UVOAOV Jl~ avaAa~ov'twv 'tu OltAa UltEQ lta'tQL()O~ ...
ltQoO'E'ta;E 'tou~ 'tOLOU'tO'U~ EV 'tfi ayoQQ. E<p' ~JlEQa~ 'tQEi~ 'Xa8fj0'8m
330
MAE>HMA 280v
f:V Eo8fjOL yuvm'X.ELml!;. '0 6e VOllol!; oiitol!; a.lla llev cpv..av8Qoon6te-

QOI!; EOtL a.lla M, tcp lleYE8eL tfjl!; atLllLal!;, anotQEneL tOVI!; 0IlOW'll1!;
tOVtOLI!; tfjl!; avaV6QLal!;..
I1QOOEta~e tOY ~O'llAOllevOv 6LOQ8woaL tLVa VOllov, otav

nOLfjtm tilv neQL 6LOQ8woeool!; O'llll~O'llALav, tOY Ea'lltoil tQcl'X'IlAOV
e~ /3QO'XOV EvtL8EVm 'X.aL llEveLV a'XQL av otO'll tilv 'X.QLOLV 0 6fillol!;
neQL toil 6LOQ80'llllEVO'll VOllO'll noul0'lltm' 'X.av llev 'tl E'X.'X.A'IlOLa
nQoo6E;'Iltm tOY uoteQov YQacpollevov, anoAVeo8m ... ea.v 6e
a'X.'llQov nOLftO'l'jtm tilV 6wQ8oo0LV, naQa'XQfjlla 8vt\o'X.eLV uno toil
/3QO'XO'll O'lJ0CPLyyollevov..
Tovl!; /30'llAe'llOllEVO'll1!; 'X.aL nQclttovtcll!; tL, ana 8ewv aQ'Xeo8m
'XQft. Ov6evol!; a6L'X.0'll 8eov 'X.OLvoovetv .. IIoALtTI M a6L'X.0'llllEvCP
/30'1'j8etv 'X.aL OL'X.OL 'X.aL rnL ;EV'l'jI!;..
'Ev all!; nOAEOLV nQEO~'lltEQOOV aVmOX'llVtLm, cpvovtm mu6el!;
avtwv 'X.aL naL600v nat6el!; aVaLOX'llvtoL. 'A'X.oAO'll8et M aVmOXUvtLQ.
'X.aL avm6eLQ" U/3QLI!; 'X.aL a6L'X.La, tOVtOLI!; 6e Enetm oAe8Qol!; ...
OMeLI!; 'X.a'X.ol!; 8eocpv..ftl!; ..
M'Il6eLI!; nAattE0800 YAWOOTI 'X.aM. EQya, nQcl;eool!; 'X.aL 6LaVOLal!;
oteQolleVol!; aya8fjl!; . tLOeL 6L'X.'IlV 'X.a'X.fjl!; ~O'llAfjl!; 6aLllOOLV EOtLOV-
'XoLl!;... "Eotoo 6e llEYLOta ML'X.ftllata, 8ewv 'X.atacpQoV'l'joLI!; 'X.aL YOVE-
oov 'X.cl'X.OOOLI!; ..
'Yne na'tei.l)o~ Wt09'V'itCJ'X.tV CJ,..vo'teov CJ'tro 11 'Yl.t'Xo,..vov
'toil tilv E'Y'X.a'tal.t3tav a"'tfav
M'Il6EV EOtOO t6LOOtL'X.OV lleyaAonQenEoteQov 'X.aL oellvoteQov
twv 6'1l1100Loov. '0 nAovtcp 'X.aL 'XQftllaOL 60'llAeVOOV 'X.atacpQoveLo800
WI!; llL'X.Qo't\J'll'XOI!; rov 'X.aL aveA.ev8eQol!; .. "
-rPAMMATIKH *
1. ~vwllaAa tQLto'X.ALta
(nuQuYQ. 101, 104 IQu"""". 'YSUQ'ttuvo'U).
2. L'llVTIQ'IlllEVa elI!; -flO) -w (nuQuYQuqJo 231).
331
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EMHNIKH ArnrH MA0HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rAnHH~
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'tOL~ an:O~aOLV E~ MaQa8wva 'twv ~aQ~uQrov, an:aV'tfjOaL ll~vLlla
EX 8BOU 'tau't1J~' xa'tacPQov~oav'tB~ YUQ, 1l1J()EV mplmv EIln:O()chv
BlvaL 'ta~ 'A8~va~ EABLV, AL80v IIuQLov QV ro~ br:' ESBLQyaoIlEvOL~
~yov, E~ 'tQon:aLo'U n:OL1JOLV. Tou'tov BL()La~ 'tOV AL80v BLQyuoa'to,
ayaAlla !!EV BlvaL NBIlEOBro~".
IIavaavlov ':4 7:1:tXa A -33
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beo~or; yeywr;,
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Tg NEllEOL, %A:111;w OE, SEa ~UOiAELU llEYLO'trl,

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u(6L'I1, JtoMoEllVE, IlOV'I'J XULQO'lJOU 6L%ULOL~,
oo\' yaQ ad yvwll'l1 Jt<lV'twv llEA.EL, oMe oe A.'r\SEL,
Jtuvi' EOOQ~~ %U\, Jtuvi' EJtU%OUE~...
OUQUVOSEV %uSoQroou ~LOV SV'I'J'trov JtOA.'lJCPUA.WV,
'tOL~ a6L%OL~ 'tLllWQO~, EJtL~QteO'lJOU 6L%UL'I1.
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Ma91J"UX 290v
OP~IKOI: YMNOI: ElI: EP9TA
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'to~uAxfl, rt'tEQOEV'tU, JtuQLbQo!1ov, E'lJbQo!1ov oQ!1U,
OU!1JtuU;,oV'tu 8EOL~ tlbE 8'V1l'toL~ &V8QWJtOL~
E1mclAU!10V, bLqJufl, JtclV'tWV xA'I1tbu~ exoV'tu,
ut8eQo~ OVQUVLOU, JtoV'tou, X8ovo~...
'Avxb01:0v'Anocm:aCJlla (,OQq>.)
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bu:rrvo{a~ aVfl{3a{vet y{vea()at".
335
'0 ~LaxoogLO!-"O; E'VVOLWV avu!-"wa oe Mo Ae~EL; CPaLVO!-"EVLXa

:rtago!-"OLE;, O:rtoo; ElvaL OL Ae~EL; ArAIIH xat EPQL, eLVaL :rtgovo-
!-"LO 'tfj; 'E1..1..'llVLXfj; yl..wooa;. 'H Ae~L; aya:rt1'] lm:ugXEL !-"ovov O'ta
EI..I..'llVLXa xat 'to axgL~E; 't'll; VO'll!-"a ~ev a:rtO~L~E'taL oe xa!-"!-"La
aM'll yl..wooa. 'H Ae~L; eew~ (~ o:rtoLa xaxw; 9EoogEL'taL O'tL EXcpgU-
SEL d~Lxw'tEga 'to oagxLxo :rtu90;, 'ti)v Em9u!-"La), 'to "0 Ega 'tL(;",
, i
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aMa XU'tL :rtEgLOOO'tEgO. KgU~EL XU'tL acpa'tO, agg'll'to, aVExcpgaO'to,
XU'tL :rtou 9U!-"LSEL 'ti)v !-"ova~Lxo't'll'ta 'tOU EI..I..'llVLXOU "Aoyou" :rtou
atwVE(; 'twga !-"u'taLa :rtgoo:rta90uv va !-"E'tacpguoouv, va !-"E'tayl..oo't-
, i
'tLOOUV, va !-"E'taYYLoouV o'tt(; aME(; yI..WOOE(;. '0 "EI..I..'llv Aoyo(;
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!-"E'tacpgUOEoo(; eXEL EXcpgUOEL ~ ral..l..L~a EI..I..'llVLo'tgLa Zaxl..tv v'te
PO!-"LyU YLa 'ti)v navE!-"ogcp'll Ae~L e goo (;:
" ... ~-CT]V raAA.ia OAO xat :rteewao'Ceeo Xe1']OIlw:rtowiJv -CT]V eAA1']-
VlXT] U!;1'] "eew~" afle-caq.;eam1'], "EROS", own elval aovva-cov va
flemq.;eaa-coiJv flOVOAexnxa oAa oaa aV-CT] a1']fla{vet. .. "

'Af...M. 'tL O'll!-"aLVEL Bgoo(;; MLa :rtgw't'll, a:rtAa E'tU!-"OI..0YLXlJ :rtgo-
OEYYLOL, !-"a; ~LVEL 0 IIAa'toov O'tOV ~LUI..OyO KPATYAOL (420b).
" ... eew~ M, on eaee'l e!;w()ev xat ovx olxeia ea-ctv ij eOT] av-c1']
np exovn, ciAA' e:rtei(Jax-co~ Ota -cwv Oflfla-cwv,l Ota miJm ci:rto -coiJ
eaee'lv "eaeo~" -co ye :rtaAawv eXaAe'l'CO, viJv de eew~ X8XA1']mt. .. "
To 9E!-"a o!-"oo(; ~Ev E~aV'tI..eL'taL !-"e !-"La a:rtl..fj E'tU!-"OI..0YLXlJ Eg!-,,'ll-

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ouoLa 'tou Egoo'tO;, oe OXEOL !-"e 'ti)v 9EWg'llOL 'tfj; OUOLa(; 'tfj(; 'lj)'Uxfj(;,
acpou ~ '\j1uxi) EXEL aV'tLxguoEL 'to xa9ago XU1..1..0; O'tov U:rtEgOUgU-
336
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VLO 't'0:n0 a:no 't'OV o:notov E'K.:nOQEUE't'UL. "EQoo 'K.aL qrux~, ava:no-
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alJ't'a; ToJ.tOL OM'K.AT]QOL EXOUV YQaqJfj, YQaqJoV't'aL 'K.aL so. YQaqJOlV-
't'aL E aEi.. To SEJ.ta, aVE~aV't'AT]1:'O, a:naL't'eL E~EL~L'K.EUJ.tEVE J.tovoYQa-
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:naQwv 't'axumEQo SEO,EL't'E 00 'K.a't" E~oxiIv aqJT]QT]J.tEvTJ tbEa EL't'E
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~qJQo~i.1:'T], ~EV AeL:rtEL oihE a:no 't'L J.tEyaAo:nQE:7tEt KooJ.toyoVLe
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~T]J.tLO'llQyLa.
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EV a()avar:owl ()eolat , Avat!le).fj;, navr:mv c'3e ()ewv navr:mv r:'
aV()Qwnmv c'3a!lVar:al ev ar:fj()eaat voov "a en{cpQova /3ovAfjV... II
(8Eoy.116)
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ev eQmn
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(n H mti~"{n81~ 5Q.ochltD~)
" ibU(fJDOOU 1VU/,XrX ib~o~ril )q ,~ 50or'
(''9 Acto g fJ10 'OO1A~'1 fJ1
50ri3A~ (} 13~'90'O1 Q-Olt AfJO ''9'X1A.0''{ fJ1 3D1A'9m'9 ,ri 5(1)o~ (})
(~ ,S: Ml}"{3W 5Q.ochltD~)
" tt(f)~luril tt1D9-o~ 500fl ,/LV'X 5ori3ttJ? 5p (5Dtt~och
. ?Ori ~~DttJ~l,~ 50o!/"" i
I
"'59A103riu9'O'X 1'O'X 50A1ltq>09A'9
'59'X10X '50A11fA. 1'013A1A. '01'Oriq>'1 'O10~91'O fJ1 5'01A02CJ3"{'01'O'XA.~ 5(1)o~
(} '5'Omlt'9.th- 5Q,omlt'O~ 5\.!.1 51301fA.0"{orio~~ 5139'Olt103lt 511 10X~ri
'50A~ri'X"{Y. 0.01 "D~(f)O~ tto;"opri" A'1 'ctOX9"{1XOV. 0.01 ,,50~lt~9Y1ch
D~(f)O~" A'1 'ltV, "'UOV;, 0.01 1'O'X 5U1J'1oomv, 5\.!.1 ,1ct ''X11UriO(}
A'1 30UArig, A~'1 5910lt 1'O'X '3c\t'OOA.~03lt A~'1 5910lt 1'O}I '9'X11'X"{39
1'O'X ,11000lt AO~"{lt 1'01'010J9'O'X 'Ori~9 '1 '10u10lt I.t'X10ctV AI.t1~
IHIIUVJ IH>lINHVV3 IVIVXdV V1V~Hev~ HJUJV H>lINHW3
~.,.I.I
e
MA6HMA290v
};u xat bLxaLWV, aMxo'U~

qJQeva~, ltaQaoltd~ Eltt A.OO~~...
':AlA-axo~ yaQ El-tltaLtEL 9EO~ 'AqJQobb:a ...
};e bLaqJOQE'tLXT] bLa'tt)JtWOL, 'to. tbLa aXQL~6>~ UltOO't'llQLtEL 0

ltEQLlta9T]~ EUQLltLb'll~ O'tov 1ltltoA.'U'tO (1268):
"Iv rciv (Jewv a'XaJlnrov qJ(}eva 'XaL {3(}orwv

ayel~, KVn(}l, avvoe 0 nOl'Xllonre(}o~, aJlqJl{3alwv
w'Xvranp nreetjJ.
IIoriiwloe yalav, evaxrJrov (J' (j),JlV(}OV enL novrov... "
};e Eva altooltaolA-a alto 'tT]V xalA-ev'll 'to'U 'tQaycpMa "AuY'll"

xa'taA.~YELO'tT]v bLaltLO'twOL Cl'tL:
""Oart~ oe rov "E(}Q)w ov 'X(}{vel (Jeov Jleyav

'XaL vne(}rarov navrQ)v oalJlOVLOV,
a'Xato~ earL r; anel(}O~,
Jlnnore yvw~ (Jewv vne(}wrov... "
no. 'tOY EUQLltLb'll, 0 OltOLO~ EltLt'll'tEL va ltEQLYQUqJ'll aXQaLE~

'ljJ'UXLxe~ xa'taO'tuoE~, 'to. EQW'tLXa ltu9'll dVaL 'to ayalt'lllA-evo 'to'U
gelA-a.
'AxQaLov ltu90~ 0 EQW'ta~. 'OM9QLO~ o'tT]v UltEQ~OA.~ 'to'U.
MHAEIA O"t. 267
""E(}Q)re~ vnee JleV ayav el(Jovre~,
oV'X evoo~{av ova' a(}erciv
na(}eoQ)'Xav avo(}aaw... "
'OM9QLO~ 0 "EQw~ xat xa'ta 'tOY 'AltOMOOVLOV 'tOv PObLOV:

"IxerAle e(}Q)~, Jleya nfjJla, Jleya arvyo~ av(J(}QmOlaw'
e'X ae(Jev ovloJleva{ r' eeloe~ arovaxa{ re yoo~ alyea re
all' enL rolaw anel(}ova... "
CAQyovau'tLxa ~-445)
339
OK
uTio'Xn 530n:Ln'X
,. ,
5p, 1n'X '5SJdmo}.103lt 511 '5o.OATig, 5Q-Ol 130~"(ooltOAOTi 13Xj;I '50003:"
(} '0.01 5<,)(h,,(3q"9 50ASJTiUenTio'Xn'X O. nA3Ti13'X ~'X1AX310}.0"( ~O ~Onlt
'A0013}.}.n AoomXOn 5130nl0nOnlt 30 003100D103lt 3Tio.OOU1AnAo.o
I " I C; I \ I I
M?l ~9 ." o.0031lt9"(1'X10lt" 0.01 5~lJ.nO 511 Ao.OAOocb103lt Aoo02 Aoo,,(2
o.OOooTi11-o.03e o.Ol1DU10ltooOOOlt A~l uTi9'X"9 13~1"(09Tin.o 5oo0SJ1AY.
O. 0.01 o.Ocb"(3q"9 o.OASJTion~oq 1n'X o.01DooM10nlt o.O'X0191oo0lt 0.01
1~o.llt~A"9 1n'X 10U~g,n A~ U"(~9Tio.O ~A 'lto~eU09 ~A ~1}. u11qoocby'
~3e I,t 30UAASJ}.~ A010lt(} A<?l '5010003:" 0.01 59cb"(3q"9 5003190'X1Ti ,",I'II:
I 'II i
(} '5oooSJuy. (}In'X 13XO~ltc} 112 <?1DooM n031c,t0Q.3 13A1}. 13Xj;I A~V
': ,I
"I"
i
ilJ
nunltl,> A3~3TiSJArt~
50003:,. A10lt Aool~Ane"9 50ASJ}. A~ 'XQ.0 ~q A003190II j ii/JII
I :'1
5<,!lcb 5)3 A3}.n}.~"9 A01<,!lOlt 1n'X 'A0031SJTiI,t 50ASJ}. A30o.31193A~ ,
AQ-0Q.3 Aoonl0~~ ~ln'X 501Xc,tA 513}.1Ti 1U39031lt 13~X ~q 501,}O
,,
"
,
5mA1q 103'Xq:lTi3A"9 5C!l'X)3 'Alnoo.oX A10}.c,t031lt A01<,!lA A009"(110 , I
! '
'59A13eOlt (} 50003:,. A310n,,(9j;1 '5m0<J.,> 5mASJTIo,,(,,(31103lt '}O ~~
A<?<!> '50031lt9An"(3Ti I,t ~c,tN 'A01TiSJAUltC} A01D11q:lOlt 131'X11
510lt"(9'X 100013lt"9 A~ .q 5o.09SJ03:.
'III
A~ 5<?An0Q.0 .qQ.o '0~"9 .qQ.o ~q !J,.l ':1
5c,t0Q.3 500nl0~~ 1n'X
'A01<,!lOlt An,,(SJTi 31 599303:" ~c,tN 1n'X A~ 50~X I i il ~
I'
:5l>1AO}.039 5~AU'X0 5nTi
5~uo~1Tio.e '~'X1unltTin.o A~l '10n1D~q 0.01 UTI'!.> A~1D nloo03:,. A<?l
13~~OU"(lt 'm13')-3131D"9 A~q An12 '5UA~cb01D10y' 5n}.SJTi (} <,!lA3:.
"It051"(2C 13f}XJ)11t~~f)O SO:L(1)og" " :50A1ltq:lOeA"9
1n'X 5~1Dl1nTi}.nOlt 0031900103lt m131ltc,t,,(n'XOlt"9 500qAnA~W
(} 5n1qroTioo)l5n~N 5!J,150ltoo090lt'X~ (} '5nTi 5c,t0'X1Tioo'X 5Q-Ol <?lty.
3:H3:3:0VJ 3:H>IINHW3 3:VIVXdV VIVV\lH9VV\I HJOJV H>lINHW3

MA9HMA290v
"ot yag K{JJtgLV cpuyOvt~ av9gomoov, ayav VOOOVOL.. "

(Ev(}t3'lw'YJr;)
"oux EOtL :rtaLbayooyo~ av9gomOL~, EgOO'tO~ oM~ aMO~

E:rtLflMotQo~... " ("AAe~tr;)
""EQoo~ bE 'tOOV 9oov toxuv EXOOV :rtAeI.O"t'I'JV bLXVU'taL.. "

(Mevav(}(}or;)
" oii'to~ yaQ aQXLV xaL 9oov 9EA.eL... " (~oq;ox).:fjr;)
"LU be, if> XUXLO't 9oov t xav9Qoo:rtoov EQOO~,

~ !-L~bLbaox to. xaxa cpaLvo9aL xaAu,
~ 'tOL~ EQOOO'LV U!-L~~ :rtaQLo'taoo. "
""EQoo~, ro~!-LE EO'L6ci:lV YEVLOV V:rtO:rtOALOV,

XQ'UoocpaEvvoov :rttQuyoov Ml't'I'J~, :rtaQa:rtEt'taL" .
(A vax(}ewv)
""EQoo~ b' EOtLV aAoYLO'to'U tLVO~ E:rtL9'U!-LLa~ V:rtQ(3oA~,

taXLav !-LEv Exo'Uoa 't~v :rtQooobov,
(3QabLav M 't~v a:rtOA.'UO'Lv" ...

341
----.--------------------------------~ ..
~
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAL EI\I\HNIKHL rl\OHHL
IK{j)flO~": 15 Nuv EyvWV 'tOY "EQw'tu' ~uQv~ 8EO~.
I' UAAAE'taL 6 oqJ8uAllo~ llEU 6 6E~LO~'

(lQu Y' t6T}aw uV't<lv;
'A3tollrovi.otJ 'toil Pobi.otJ l'A~yovutJ'ttxa" -~L~ALOV r'

('to~EuaL~ MT}6du~)
I
!
a't. 275 TOqJQu 6' EQW~ 3tOALOLO 6L' TtEQO~ t~EV uqJuV'to~ ..
dmu 6' 1mo qJAL-rlV, 3tQoMll<!? EVL, 'to~u 'tuvuaau~,
toMxT}~ a~Afj'tu 3toMa'tOvov E~EAE't' tov ...
t8v~ 6' allqJo'tEQUOL (1)LuaxollEvo~ 3tUAcllluaLv
~x' E3tL MT}6ELU' 't~v 6' allqJuaLT) AU~E 8Ullov' aV'tLu 6' ULEL
~UAAEV En;' AtaovL6T}v alluQuYllU'tU'
'tOLO~ 1mo XQU6LU EtAullEv6~ ULeE'tO Acl8QU,
OiiAO~ EQW~, a3tuM~ bE llE'tE'tQW3tCl'tO 3tUQELU~
E~ XA6ov, UAAO't' EQEU8o~...
'I ir
NovvotJ 420v
II AWVtJO'tUXcl II -~L~A.LOV
"ALyaivw Baxxov ue:n:vov lfewra"
a't. 2 eEQllo~ "EQw~, aXLXT}'to~, U3tT}VEllLOV 3t06u 3tUAAWV

U'ljJLVEqJ-rl~, 3t'tEQOEV'tL XU'tEYQUqJEV TtEQU 'tuQal{),
'to~u qJEQWV qJAOyOEV'tU...
3tUAAOllEVWV 3t'tEQUYWV aVEllw6Eu ~OIl~oV tUMwv,
TtEQ08EV QoL~T}aE ...
O't. 13 EIl3tUQU 6Laau ~EAEllVU llL'fj ~uvwau'to VEUQ'fj ...
342

MA8HMA290v
0''t.100 WVXQov il6wQ, ~LoV'\JO'e, f,Lu'tllV jdec;'

ou Mvu'taL YUQ O'~EO'O'aL 6L'l\JUv EQW'tOC;,
OAOC; QOoC; 'QX.WVOLO.
('0 JtOL'l]'tfJC; BUVIl<l'CEL):
O''t. 142 ... d: f,LEYU 8uuf,Lu,

n:UQ8EVOV E'tQef,Le Bux.xoC;, OV E'tQef,Le qJUAU nyuV'twv.
-AESIAorION
"EQwC;, ayun:ll, qJLAo'tllC;, aQn:vc;, EQomov, EQW'tUQLOV,

'EQw'tL6euc;, '''EQw'tL6LU'', ayun:w, qJLAW, EQU!.1aL, EQW,
EQu'tLsw, O''tEQYW, EQW'tU EXW, EQW'tOf,LUvw, EQw'teUO!.1aL,
EQW'tLUW, EQW'tOAlln:'tW, EQW'tOn:AOEW, 8v!.1uQ~C;,
"EQwc;, 'AV'tEQWC;, MUVEQWC;, 6VO'EQWC;, avux.uf,L'l\JeQwc;.
***
I
343
-
(
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnnH!
(
EQOO~ EQOO'tEUOf,taL EQOOf,tEVrJ
a.Q~'U~ EQOO'tLCtOO EQOO'tl.~
aQf,tU EQOO'tO~AOEOO EQOO'tO/3ArJ'tO~
&:Qf,t~ EQOO'tOArJ~OO EQOO'tOf,tUV~~
&:YCt~rJ EQOO'tO~OLEOf,taL EQOO'tOYQCt<pO~
'tCtALS EQUO"t~~, EQa<J'tO~ EQoo'to6EOf,trJ
<pLAO'trJ ~ EQCtO"tQLU EQOO'tO~L~CtOXUAO~
EQOO'tLOV, EQOO'tCtQLOV EQOO'tOEL~ EQOO'tO~LXrJ
EQOO'tL~Ei)~ EQU'tO~ EQOO'tO~'UVUO"tELU
EQUVO~ EQU'tELVO~ EQOO'tOXCtf,tLVO~
"EQOO'tL~LU: EQUVVO~ EQOO'tOXQCt'tOOQ
~oQ'tat "EQffi'tO~ EQCtOf,tLO~ EQOO'tOXQCt'trJ~
&:YU~OO, <pLAOO EQUOf,tO~ EQOO'tOArJ~'tO~
O'tEQYOO &:SLEQUO'tO~ EQOO'tOArJ'ljJLU
EQUf,taL E~EQUO'tO~ EQOO'tO~ULYVLOV
EQOO, EQCtOO EQOOf,tUVLU EQOO'tOmXQLaL
EQU'tU;;OO EQOO~VLOV EQOO'tO'tOXO~
EQOO'tOf,tUVEOO EQOO'tLXO~ EQOO'tO'tQO<pO~
EQOOf,tUVEOO EQOO'tL<l~ EQOO'tUAO~
EQOO'tO~A.aVO~ EQOO'tOXQCt'trJAO~ ~OA'UEQUO"tO~
I II"
:r",
I'li ,
'I'
, '
KrJQuoooo 'tov EQOO'tU
EO'tL ~. 6 ~UL~ YA'UXU~UXQ'U~,
&:ELAUAO~, roxu~, &:eUf,t/3~~,
OLf,t<l1 YEAOOV,
~'tEQOEL~ voo'tu,
<PUQE'tQO<POQo~
(MEMaYQo~ 177)
344
MA8HMA30ov
"'Am'> Mouaoo'V l'li; KU'toKOlXtl 'te Kut IlU'VLU,

Aupoiiau anuA~'V Kut apu'to'V 'ljJUXtl'V,
EYeLQouau Kut EKpuKxeuouau KU'ta. 'te 'ta~ cpl'la~
KUt KU'ta 't~'V aAAT)'V nOLT)OL'V,
IlUQLU 'tOO'V nUAaLoo'V EQYOl'V Koalloiiau,
'tou~ EmYLyvolle'Vou~ nml'leueL. "
[[laT:. fPa'{tJ(!or; 245 A
Ma81]pa 300v
NEOEAAHNIKH IIO~~
(a' EV6-tr]~)
'E()Vluoi IIolrj1:ai
KAABO~-~OAQMO~-IIAAAMAI
'*
IIEQi. I,.tQOlV" ti'is NEOEll1JVLXf)s IIoL110EOlS
Tu O'r]lleQLvu IlE'tQa 'tfj~ IIOL~O'e(J)~, O'E av'tL~haO''toAf) IlE 'tu
aQxma 3tQomp6Laxu, ovollutoV'taL 'tOVLXU'
(L1wvvaw~ 0 e(!a~: 't6vo~ emiv am7xrJGl~ tpwvfj~ eVa(!flOviov).
"Exouv 6La'tr]Q~O'eL 'tt~ ovollaO'Le~ xat 'tf)V 60Ilf) 'twv aQXaLOeA-
Ar]VLXWV, IlE 'tf)v 6LatpoQu <)'tL't0 O'rJlleLOV 3tOll xa8wQLte'tf)V llaxQu
O'uAAa~f) xa80QLteL O'~lleQa 'tf)V 'tOVLO'IlEVr], 'to M O'r]lleLOV 3tOll
xa8wQLte 'tf)v ~Qaxeia, ~lleQa 3tQ00'6LoQLteL 'tf)V u'tovr] O'uAAa~~.
"E'tO'L Exoulle:
-lJ - 'tQoxaLO~ (maae tPonrJ fl' 'to v'tOvtpeul)

lJ- - Lall~o~ (ua'ta {3a(!{3a(!WV 1T:(}6aw~ev
nflo'i(}a nov 'EAA1]VWV)
lJlJ - 6UX'tUAO~ (~vnva fle &.3t6{3(!aoo vaxrJ yaA1]vrJ)
lJlJ- - avu3taLO"to~ (E ayanw, d flno(!W aU(!l{3e va aof)
nw mo {3a()v mo MAO mo fleyciA.o;)
345
-
f
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOnHL I
v-v- -aj.tqJt~QuX'US; (To xa(Japta 1Cij(Ja .of) fjALOV .0 6(Jopto,
"'(Jeptwvras .i]v AV(Ja .i]v M"'at'Y} a.ov dJpto)
*"
'HWj.tOAOYL'XWS; ~ AeSLS; "j.tE'tQOV" OTjj.tUtVEL j.tu'XQoS;, j.tEYE90S;,
XQOVL'X~ 6LUQ'XELU, 'Xul DXL "eV'tuoL".
'0 rEQUOLj.tOS; I:JtU'taAaS; eXEL uJtoO'tTjQtSEL <hL E'X'tOS; aJto 't~v
JtQOOq>6LU'X~, )eat ~ 'tOVL'X~ O'tLX0'UQytU ELVaL aQxutu EAATjVL'X~. '0
AEyOj.tEVOS; EV'tU'tL'XOS; 'tOVOS; 'tfjs; VEUS; EAATjVL'XfjS; YAWOOUS; 6Ev eXEL
j.tquATj 6LaqJoQa aJto 'tov avuqJEQ6j.tE~0 WS; j.to'U<JL'Xo 'tovo 'tfjs;
aQxutus; EAATjVL'XfjS;. ME 't~v OTjj.tEQLV~ 'tOVL'XO'tTj'tU aJtuYYEAAE'taL
EVu JtOAU j.tquAo JtAfj90s; 'tOVL'XWV O'tLXO'UQYL'XWV Q'U9j.twv 'tfjs;
aQxutUS; j.tUS; JtOL~OEOOS;. 'H avuAoytU ElvaL 'tooo j.tEyUATj Jtov 6Ev
j.tJtOQEL va 9EOOQTj9fj 't'UXUtu. ~Jto 'ta eJtTj j.tUS; 'XUL aJto 't~v I:uJtqJw,
, 1 j.tEXQL 'tOVS; 'tQUYL'XOVS; 'XuL 'tLS; VEW'tEQES; EJtLYQUqJES;.
Jt.X.: ''OJ.tTjQoS;:
",at ptlV cpwvfwus e1Cea 1C1:e(Joev.a 1C(Joa'Y}v6a...
1
'I ()UX'tVALXQV e1;uflE'tQOV)

!
I
Ii I
Atox. IIEQoaL 155:
"g {3a()v~wvwv avaaOU, IIe(Jat6wv v1Ce(JrCl.'Y}
ptij1:e(J f} Ee(J!;ov ye(Jata, xal(Je LJa(Jeiov yVVat...
('tQoxu'CXQV 'tE'tQuflE'tQOV)
IIuQu'tTjQouj.tEV O'tL 'ta Mo WS; avoo JtuQu6dyj.tu'tu, 'tOVL'XWS;,

j.taS; 6t60'Uv tUj.t~L'XO 6E'XUJtEV'tUOUAAU~0, XUQU'X'tTjQLO'tL'XO j.tE'tQO
'X'UQtOOS; 'tWV 6Tjj.t0'tL'XWV j.tUS; 'tQUYO'U6LWV...
Xfwas VYlOs eyevyero ae ptu(Jpta(JevLa .a{3Aa

X(]Vaa ~1:aV .0. 1C'Y}(JovVLa rov, "'l OAOx(]vaa .0. mara
"'l f} "'O(]'Y} 1COV .ove ",e(Jv(i aa'Y}pto"'v",Awptev'Y}.
Kl f} ptava rov a.i] ptla pte(]la cp.aveL !;ay(]Leptev'Y}.
revyeaat yd ptov yevyeaat "'l o[ cp(Jay",ol e1CAa",waav.
346
MA9HMA30ov
II(!oAafie p,ava p,ov va loe'i~ noae~ XLALaoe~ elva!,

UL av elvaL OVo va xai(!Op,aL, UL av elva! i(!e'i~ va nivw
UL av elva! ne(!LaaOie(!OL aeAware i' aAoyo p,ov.
'Efiyf/ua yti p,ov UL eloa iOV~ p,a p,ei(!Yjp,o oev exovv.
-Mav(!e p,ov YO(!yoyovare UL avep,ouvuAonooYj
nOAU~ qJo(!e~ p,e YAviwae~ ano i(!aVe~ qJoV(!iOVVe~
UL av p,e YAviwaYj~ UL an aViiJ Oa ae p,aAap,aiwaw.
1:io ep,na XiALOV~ eU01jJe, aiO efiya ovo XLALaoe~

uai ai' aHo ai(!LqJoYV(!Wp,a oev fi(!f/ue YLa va uo1jJeL.
KL 0 ov(!avo~ eaeLaiYjUe, UL r/ OaAaaaa p,ovyuiaiYj!
***
T(!e'i~ TOV(!UOL i(!e'i~ TeviWa(!OL UL ot i(!e'i~
iOV navvo OiAOVV
uai oev p,no(!ovv va iove fi(!ovv p,ov' fi(!iauovv
iiJv uaA~ iOV.
MLU(!~, nov elv' 1 aVi(!a~ aov 1 ~auovap,ivo~
Ttavvo~;
FLa nOLOV aVi(!a p,ov Uyere
nov eyro oev enaVi(!eViYjUa uai anmuo oev exw;
Tov AOYO oev anoawae iOV AOYO oev anoeLne
vaio~ 0 navvo~ aiiJv aVAiJ va p,naivYj
uafiaHa(!Yj~.1
1:mOofioAoVV ia niraAa UL 0 p,av(!o~ XALp,LVi(!aeL
uai ia aiYjOaUta if/~ uaAf/~ aav iO novAi neiovve.
TeLa uai xa(!a aa~ p,niYjoe~, yeLa uai xa(!a aa~
TOV(!UOL
aav ii ayanare, nire p,ov, qJay~ mOio, i(!ayovoL;
C/Jayi, mOio oev OiAovp,e UL a~ AeLnYj iO i(!ayovoL
1. IIQ~A. 'tov OIlTlQL%O mLXo:

"015 lU mlV eerrro E1ro~, or:' ae' 1]).v(Jov ulnaE. n
347

"'Eva cpEQ/iaVL amXOV/iE, aOVA:WvL'XO cpEQflavL,

If a'Xor:w/ievo If ~wvr:avo ar:~v J"tOA'f/ va ae mi/iE
'Xat va ae J"taQaowaov/iE ar:tr:; m)AE~ r:ov aovAr:avov.
l;'av r:{ 'Xa'Xo r:OV E'Xa/ia /iJ"tQe TOVQ'XOL
r:ov l;'oVAl'aVOV;
Ma J"tw~ oev r:m'Xa/iE~ 'Xa'Xo J"tov oev
r:ov J"tQoa'XvvaEL~...
Ovr:e r:ov eJ"tQoa'Xvv'f/aa ovr:e r:ov J"tQoa'Xvvaw
IIavr:a r:ovr:; TovQ'Xov~ eacpa~a, J"tavr:a
r:ov~ TovQ'Xov~ acpa~w.
TQa{3dr:aL ovo J"ta7:11/iar:a r:ov~ J"ta{QvEL
r:a 'XEcpaAta ...
(Kat Eva vavovQLO!la):

*
KOLflljaov, yd /iov, 'XaAoyti, O/iOQCPE, OLW/iar:aQ'f/,
YLa va YA'f/yOQO'XOL/i'f/()fi~ 'Xat YLa vaQyo~vJ"tvljan~,
va /iEyaAwan~ va YEvii~ /iEyaAo J"taAA'f/'XaQL,
va 'Xr:evLar:ii~, va otaQ/iLar:ii~, va ar:oAwr:fi~,
v' aAAa~n~,
va 'XaAAL'Xe1jJn~ nlAoyo, J"tov J"tE~J"tar:e'l 'Xat oQe/iEL
fie r:a aEAAoxaA{vaQa r:a XQvao'XEvr:'f//ieVa,
fie r:aa'f//ievta J"ter:aAa 'Xat fie r:a cpr:aQ/iwr:ljQta,
J"tov ad'XEL 'Xat XLAL/iwr:Qa ar:o J"teQYEQo oEflevo,
va J"tayn~ el~ r:ov J"tOAE/iO va AOVr:OJ"toAE/iljan~
Ii' OVAOV~ aov r:ov~ a'XQaV'f/OE~, Ii' OVAOV~ r:ov~
ar:Qar:oAar:er:;.
KL elr:; oJ"toO J"tOAE/iO {3QE()fj~, va {3yfir:; 'XEcpaALwflevo~,
va J"taQn~ xaQE~ 'Xat xaQe~, XWQE~, XWQLa 'Xat 'Xaar:Qa.
(Kat Eva bf]!lO'tLX6, oe lawpL~Qaxu"):
'R avyovAa J"tov VdVat; 'XOVr:eVEL r:o {3Qaov

'Xat /iavQo a'Xor:aoL J"tAa'XwvEL r:~ yfj...
348
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MA9HMA30ov
'Avbva; Kcl#..(JO;
("L1wauoe:n:war:e ave/1ot r:ovq dvaq)',,/1ovq A.6yovq...
dJ ... :n:ar:ee avdewv, f3ofJOrwov av r:.qv 'Ellada!")
"Q cpt)" r:arr] naret~

"Q ()aVfJ,aa{a vijao~
Zaxvv()e. 4V f-loiJ eoan-ea~
rqv nvoqv xat roiJ ~no)"),,mvo~
ra
xevad oroea.
"E'tOL hQuyou6T)OE 0 ~V6QEU~ Ko.A~O~ 't1Jv yij onou EYEVV118T),

'tov Mo.Q'tLO 'tou 1792, ano 'tov 'Imavvr] Ka),,{3o, KEQ'X.UQUto a;LOO-
flU'tL'X.O 'toov BEVE'tOo.VOOV 'X.UL 't1Jv ~VOetavq Povxavr], 'X.oQT) ;EnE-
OflEVOU l;u'X.uv8LVOU aQLO'tO'X.Qo.'tT). rI YEVVT)OL~ 'tou OUfl3tLn'tEL flE
't1JV nLo 'X.oOflOYOVL'X.1J nEQLo60 'tau 180u utoovo~. "H rUAAL'X.1J
'Enuvo.o'tuOL~ ex,EL 116T) ;EOno.oEL 'X.UL 'tu YUAAL'X.U o'tQu'tEUflu'tu,
6LUA.UOV'tU~ 't1JV E;OUOLU 'tOOV MY1l6oov, E'tOLflo.l;oV'taL vu 'X.U'tE~OUV
'X.UL mu "En'to.VT)ou. "0 flL'X.QO~ ~V6QEU~, m1Jv nLO 'tQU<PEQ1J lJAL'X.LU,
~LWVEL 't1Jv UnOmOA1J 'tfj~ ~EVE'tOLo.VL'X.T)~ O1'JflULU~ ano 'to Ko.o'tQo,
'to 'X.o.'l\lLflo 'tOU AIMIIPO NT OPO, 'tu 'tQUYOU6LU 'tOU nOLT)'tfj 'X.UL
6UO'X.o.AOU 'tou ~V'tWVT) MUQ'tEAo.OU:
"O()ev ela()e rrov 'E)"),,fJvmv xoxxa)"a oteanaef-leva

na)"ata Xt avreetmf-leva uvea )"a{3ere nvofJv...
at yovet~ 'tou x,ooQLl;ouv 'X.UL 0 nOLT)'t~~, 6E'X.o.x'Qovo~, a'X.oAou8et

'tov nu'tEQu 'tou o'to AL~OQVO. 'Avo.flVT)OL~ u,hfj~ 'tfj~ Enox,fj~, lJ
Q~H En: 9ANATON onou yLit flLU flovu6L'X.1J <poQo., aVU<PEQE'taL
ouvaL08T)flu'tL'X.U OE YUVaL'X.eto nQoooono, 'X.L uu'to ELVaL 'to flT)'tQL'X.O.
("0 Ko.A~O~, onoo~ 0 AtOX,UAO~, ex,EL E;OQLOEL 'tov eQoo'tu ano 'to
eQYo 'tou).
"Q cpmvfJ, (!J f-lr]reea,
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m rmv nemrmv f-lov xeovmv
ara()eea naer]yoer]at~...
, ~ YR
... noar] aneteO~ apvaao~
f-ld~ sexme{~et...
349
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EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIAL EAAHNIKHL rAOHHL
ME 1'OV Jta1:EQa 'to'll r;fj ~LO JtA.av'r)'ta. 'H ()LalloviJ 'to'll o't~v
~allo, oJtO'll ~ %OLVWVL%~ 6LaJtaA.'r) EXEL A.a~EL 6Lao'taoEL~, 'toil
EIlJtVEEL IlLa aJto 'tL~ roQaLa'tEQE~ %aL yvw01'a1'EQE~ cbM~ 1'O'll:
Ei.; ~ci ... o"

"OaOl r:o X(U",WV xe(}l
fJa(}v r:oiJ cpofJov aia()avovr:al
?;vyov aovA.elar; ar; exwGL.
etAel a(}er:qv ",at r:OA.fl,'f}V
ft eA.ev () e(} ia ....
~'ta. 20 XQavLU 'to'll Ey%a9Lo'ta'taL Ilavo~ o't~v <l>A.wQEV'tLa,

%0V'ta. 01'OV O'll!lJta1'QLOO1''r) 'to'll o-oy%O <1>000%01..0. ~~Lr;EL va. O'r)IlELOO-
OO'llIlE O'tL E%ELV'r) 1'~V XQOVLa. Jtou 0 KaA.~o~ ElvaL 20 E1'WV, 0
<l>OOO%OA.O~ dVaL 34 XQovwv av6Qa~ %aL 0 ~LOVUOLO~ ~OA.WIlO~
6E%a'tE'tQaXQovo JtaL6L rEVV'r)IlEVOL %aL 01. 'tQEL~ o't~v Za%'llv90,
dxav YLa. JtQw'tO 1'O'll~ 6ao%aA.o 'tov ~V'tOOV'r) MaQ'tEAao.
I ~'t~V 'haA.La, EIlJtA.E%E'taL oE JtOA.L1'L%OU~ aywvE~ %aL 'tOil

'I
q, aqJaLQoilv 1'0 6La~a1'iJQLO. rQaqJEL 01'OV <1>000%01..0, 0 OJtOLO~ EXEL
I avaxwQiJoEL: (18-6-1814) "eyw :n:~oawm",a, av elxa :n:ar:(}iaa r:qv
FaA.A.ia ()a ijfl,OVV fl,f: r:o ",ofl,fl,a r:oiJ Povaaw. '}tUa eyw, exw
III IIar:(}iaa fl,la aA.A.'f}... ",at if ailr:q ()a ar:(}ecpwvr:aL :n:avr:a olle(}f:r;
evxer; fl,ov... .
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vcpor; ",at ala r:o 1J1/J'f}A.OV :n:a()or; :n:(}0r; r:qv :n:ar:(}iaa ... Elval
evr:(}o:n:q Ot' ftfl,dr; oinver; eyevvil()'f}fl,ev ",at efl,eyaA.waafl,ev ala
va fl,a()wfl,ev eir; 2 :n:e(}i:n:ov er:'f} r:qv yA.waaav r:oiJ 'Ofl,iI(}ov, r:oiJ
eov",vOiaov ",at r:oiJ IIA.ar:wvor;, va r:qv 'ljJdA.i?;ovfl,e fl,OA.lr;, or:av
aA.A.Ol, o:n:wr; ol Fe(}fl,avot fl,er:a;v r:wv o:n:oiwv ev(}ia"'Ofl,al, ",ar:a-
aa:n:avoiJv 8r:'f}, war:e e:n:t r:eA.OVr; r:qv Ofl,lA.OiJV ",at r:qv evvooiJv
",aA.A.ir:e(}ov a:n:o ftw1r;. 'E",r:or; Of; r:ijr; evr:(}o:n:ijr; elvaL ",at fl,eyaA.'f}
?;'f}fl,ia alon Of;v mar:evw on aA.A.aL alaVOlaL avvavr:aL :n:or:f: va
350
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MA9HMA30ov
xa'Wvo~aovv, Xat oa 'Cnv 1jJVxe0'C'Y/'W 'Cij~ q)1)aeW~ xat Ota r:rjV

'Ceaxv'C'Y/'W uilv lOWIUixwv, -crjV s,wnv xat 'Co. nVeV/ia'W 'Co. ono'ia
'Coaov eVXeew~ ovvape()a iJ/ie'i~ va avnA'Y/cp()W/ieV... "
TEALXa. 6 KUA~O 'tasLbEUEL oto AovbLVO O:ltO'll Ot Tuq.L toil
XUVO'llV :ltOAU EVVO(XE XQLtLXE xaL :ltaQO'llOLUOEL tOOV bLaAESE-
WV to'll. 'E:ltL :ltAEOV, aoxEL !.LEyUA'Il yO'lltELa OtL !.La8-rltQLE to'll
xaL OtL bLU<POQE X'llQLE tOOV X00!.LLXOOV XUXAWV. AEV EXEL bLa-
ow8il xa!.L!.LLa a:ltELXOVLOL to'll, yvwQLt0!.LE o!.LW a:lto :ltEQL-
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!.Luna, ~'Il!.LatLO!.LO ~aQu xaL :ltOAU EVYEVLXOU tQO:ltO'll.
TL 10 :ltQOOtE QAE~ tL t'll:ltWVEL !.LOAL e:ltLotQE<pEL OtiJv
'ItaALa. MEta<pQutovtm a!.LEOw Ota. raAALxa. xaL exMbovtm
OtO IIaQLOL O:ltO'll tov a:ltoxaAoilv VEO IILvbaQo. 'IbLmtEQw
Evt'll:ltWOLutEL 'tl QAH EI. tov IEPON AOXON :ltOU ava<pEQEtm
OtiJv 8'lloLa toil IEPOY AOXOY OtO AQayatOuvL. ~'llYXLVEL xat
XLV'IltO:ltOLEL tiJv o:lto'llbuto'lloa VEOAaLa, a<poil 6 IEPO~
AOXO~ a:ltaQtLtOtav a:lto vEa :ltmbLa. :ltOU ~oav x'llQLw <pOLt'll-
tatxat o:lto'llbaotaL.
:4.~ /in
f3ee~'Y/ no'Ce
'Co aVVVecpOV, xat 0 aVe/iO~
aXA'Y/eO~ a~ /in axoenia'Y/
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nov a{i~ axenas,et.
"Q yv~Oa 'Cij~ 'E).Aaoo~

dxva, 'ljIvxal nov eneaar:e
el~ 'Cov aywva avoeelw~,
'CaY/ia eXAeX'CWV 'Hemwv,
xavX'Y//ia veov...
AvtiJv aXQL~oo tiJv e:ltoxiJ 6 KUA~O a:lto<paoLtEL va. Y'llQLo'll

OtiJv 'EAMba YLa. va. :ltOAE!.L-rlO'll XL auto YLa. tiJv eAE'll8EQLa t'll.
351
4IIIij
EMHNIKH ArnrH MA8HMATA APXAIA~ EMHNIKH~ rJ\n~~H~
'Ynee yoviwv xat dxvwv

vnee yvvaLxwV
vnee na7:eioo~ neOXet'raL
Xat naa1]~ -rfj~ 'EAAaoo~
Dato~ aywva~...
~"t0 aJtOXaLQE"tL<J"ttlQLO YQafl!,I,U "to'll JtQo~ "tov o"tQa"t'l']Yo

AacpaYLE"t, JtQooJtaewv"ta~ va XLVtl0'l'] "to EvbLacpEQOV "tWV CPLAEA-
AtlV(J)V YLa "t~V EJtavaOWO'L, "tOVLtEL:
I-rea -r1]yi,
-r~v "'f-liea nov eXLVovvevau -r~v ~Qnl aa~ a-r~v "Af-leeLxq,
oev enOAef-lOVaau f-lovaxa yui -r~v ave~ae-r1]aia av-rfj~ -rfj~
xwea~. ot aexe~ -rfj~ oLxatoaVV1]~ xat -rfj~ ~(hxfj~ IJGav f-lneo-
adL adL f-lana aa~. I-rearl]yi, yui dw tOto axono XL ef-le'i~ nOAe-
f-lOVf-le ... IIoAv qnwXot yui va f-lnoeiaovf-le va avv-r1]eqaovf-le
-rov a-rea-ro xat -rov a-roAo f-la~, xwet~ xaf-lf-lia naioevaw YLa va
oxVewaovf-le -ra PeaxLa f-la~, naAevovw~ evavna a' evav ex()eo
nov DAO x-rvmiwL xat DAO ~ava~wvwveveL, -reLyvewf-livOL ano
nayioe~ nov a-rqvovv ot XeLanavLxe~ xvpeevqaeL~ nov eYLvav
o[ aVf-lf-laxOL -rwv ex()ewv -rov evaytyeA.{ov, exovw~ va avnf-le-rw-
niaovf-le -rk oOALe~ neoacpoee~ f-lul~ neoawaia~ nov 0 Aao~ f-la~
oev -r~v e~q-r1]ae, ()a vnoxv'ljJovf-le; "OXL a-rea-r1]yi... "Eva e()vo~
nov OAOXA1]eO avnXeV~eL mv~ ex()eov~ -rov f-le xawcpeOVta,
I
I -rov -racpo mv f-le aOtacpoeia, oev f-lnoee'i va VLX1]()fj... Me Avn1]
eyxawAemw -r~v FaUia. To xa()fjxov f-le xaAe'i a-r~v nmeioa
YLa va ex()iaw axof-la f-lLa XaeOLa a-ra nvea -rwv
MovaovAf-lavwv... "
***
9MI, m~v aQxaLa 'EAA.aba, ~oav uOflaw acpLEQ(J)flEva moiJ~
eeoiJ~ xat O'UVobEvov-rav aJto flo'UaLX~ uJtOXQO'UO'L. ~"t~v VEW"tEQ'I']
JtOL'I']O'L, (bb~ EIVaL eva A'UQLXO JtOL'I']fla flE "to OJtOLOV Es'Uflvouv"taL
flEyaAE~ JtQasEL~, tbavLxa, JtQoo(J)Jta .. To JtOL'I']"tLXO EQYO "tou
KAABOY, flLXQO OE oyxo aAM flEyaAo OE JtEQLEXOflEVO, aJtaQ"tLtE-
352
MA9HMA30ov
'taLano 20 OAE~ XL OAE~ (h6E~. Ta XUQLa 8Efla'tU 'to'll dVaL ~ 'AQE't~

xal ~ 'EAE'll8EQLa, ~ aQxaLa Msa, ~ Aa'tQda YLa 't~V 'EMU6a, 'tOv~
nQoyOVO'll~, xal 'to flLOO~ 'to'll xa'ta 'tmv 't'llQUVVOOV. K'llQLOO~ 0flOO~ ~
IIATPI~A, ~ IIATPI~A, ~ IIATPI~A. MOVOflEQELa flOva6LX~
LOOO~ O't~V LO'tOQLa 'tfj~ AOyO'tEXVLa~.
'rQ 'EAAa~, iJJ II a7:(}i~ flOV

eA1CiOWV YAV"V1'a1'wv
fl~1'1](}. Ie f3U1Cw a"ofl a
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"at ava/l,aflf3'avw ...
" 1
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nx xe(}ta aa~ a1CAwv8u,
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... llo1'e el~ 1'ijv yijv of dfJava1'ot

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anflW(}~1'oV~.
'H !l'tQLXTw xed 1) yl..m(J(J(J. 'toil Kcil..(Jo\l dVaL xa8aQm~ 6LXU'tO'll

Emvoi)fla'ta. '0 O'tLXO~ 'to'll flEyaAonQEni)~, Em~ArJ'tLxO~, qJEQVEL
av'tLAaAO'll~ ano 't~v aQxaLa EMrJVLX~ 'tQaycpbLa xal flLflEL'taL XOOQl~
va 'to XQU~rJ 'tOV IILv6aQo xal 'tov 'AAxaio. ~avdt;E'taL MSEL~ ano
'tov "OflrJQO xal EnrJQEUt;E'taL ano 'to ~rJflO'tLXO TQayou6L. 'H nOLrJ-
'tLxi) 'to'll nQoooonLxO'trJ~ EnAaOE 't~V t6LXi) 'to'll YAmooa, onoo~ 6
IIana6LafluV'trJ~ xal 6 Ka~u<prJ~. "Eva t6Lo't'llnO YAOOOOLXO avaxu-
'toofla aQxaLa~ xal vEa~ nov no'te 6ev flLAi)8rJXE:
'rQ ayyeAwv llau(} "at avo(}wv...
'rQ Aafl1C(}o1'a1'1] "O(}1] 1'oiJ L1to~, "oaflov flOV1]
1Ca(}1]yo(}ia...
353
......
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rJ\O!!H!
'Em't'Uxfl EX'tLIl'I'JOL 'tfl~ "KUAf3ELCt~ YAWOOU~" EXEL XUVEL 6

NLX'I'J(lJ6Qo~ BQE't'tUXO~:
<0 Ko.A{3o~ eyvw(Jll;e "C~v haAl'X~ 1Co{rwYj, "C~v {3vl;av"Clv~
'Xat "C~v a(Jxa{a, eyvw(Jll;e "Co OYjfl0"Cl'XO "C(Jayovol. ~V oev eyvw-
(Jll;e "C~v a(Jxa{a 1Co{YjaYj oev 00. eY(Jaq;e:
"T(Jesau, oevu of "((VV <EU1jvwv 1Caioe~ -nAO' 6 'Xal(Jo~ "Cfj~
06sYj~- "Cov~ eV'XAeei~ 1C(JOYovov~ fla~ - a~ fllflYjOWwv. "
~ v Mv eyvw(Jll;e "C~v {3vl;av"Clv~ oev 00. eY(Jaq;e:
"IIoAveAeo~ elaal 'Xat {3oYjOov ae 'X(J!ll;w ... "
Kat av Mv eyvw(Jll;e "Co OYjfl0"Cl'XO "C(Jayovol, e1C{aYj~ oev 00.
'Y(Jaq;e:
":E"Ca 1CAovata 1Ce(Jl{3oAla fla~ -{3aatAl'Xo~ 'Xat 'X(J{VOl... ".
"000 YLa 'tT)V IlE'tQLX~, 'to Kcil..lhov Mi't'Qov, JtUV't'O'tE 'Iullf3Lx6v,

ElvaL JtQO'tLIlW'tEQO va axouoo'UIlE 'tL MEL 6 L6LO~:
"Of adxol 7:OV~ 11Co{ov~ efle"Caxel(J{aOYjv el~ "C~v 'Xaw-

a'Xev~v "Cwv Q,,1QN flOV avv{a"Cav"Cat e'X avvll;1jaewv 'Xat "Covwv
'Xat Aeyovwl e1CwavAAa{3ol fle 1C(JoOeaw 1CevWavUo.{3ov, exov-
"CO~ "Cov "Covov el~ "C~v 1Ca(JaA11yovaav. 'J11C0 "C~v avva(Jfloy~v
"Cwv Otaq;o(Jwv 7aVAAo.{3WV, 0sv"Covwv, 1Ca(Josv"Covwv If 1C(Jo1Ca-
,Ii (Josv"Covwv, y{VOVWl 576 e'toYj q(JWl'XWV adxwv. MlflovfleOa
, I oV"Cw "Co. 'Xw1jflaw "Cfj~ 1/Jvxfj~... "
'I"
, "
I:: 0 KUAf3o~, yUAO'UX'I'JIlEVO~ Ile 'tT)V aQxuLa JtOL'l'JOL, JtEQL(lJQOVeL

, I I
I
'tT)v 61l0LOXU't'aA'I'J~LU. IILo'tEuEL O'tL ~ aJtuQV'I'}OL~ 't'I'J~ EJtU'U~UVEL 'tT)V
clQIlOVLU. MEQLxe~ (lJoQe~ 6ev UrtO(lJEUYEL va XQ'I'J(JLIlOJtOL~<J'I') XUJtOLU
EOO)'tEQLXT) "QLIlU". no. OAU uu'ta 6 KUAf3o~ 6ev E~UV'tAEL't'aL o'to
JtQw'to ~ O'to 6EU'tEQO 6Lu(3uoIlU. "OJtro~ ~ XAUO(JLXT) 1l0'UOLX~, 'to
XUSE UXO'UOIlU aJtoxuAUJt'tEL XUSE (lJoQa XU'tL XaLVOUQYLO.
354
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,
MA6HMA30ov
1\.:7tO riJv QLJHN E12 LJOEAN.

IIe(}icp'YjfJ,O 1/JvXal
7:(}taxoaiwv Aaxwvwv,
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7:CJV ~aw:rtov xal 7:' aAaOf;
7:oiJ Ma(}a()wvof;
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eU'Yjvtxa ()'Yj(}ia
af: xa7:a7:(}exovv ...
'rQ "'EAA'Yjvef;, (!J ()eiat 1/Jvxal

:rtov elf; 7:OVf; fJ,eyaA.Ovf; xwovvovf;
cpave(}wve7:e aXctav7:0v eve(}yetav
xat v1/J'YjAilv cpvatv...
xaL va xa'taQuhm 'tov~ EXSQOU~ 'to'll~:
2XA'Yj(}G., oeu..a ava()(}efJ,fJ,a7:a 7:iff; :rt07:a:rtiff; ~aiaf;

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"E(}yov 1](}WWV av :rtvi~e7:e 7:af; 7:(}vcpe(}af; yvvaixaf;
xat7:a ye(}ovna. ..
***
'0 1\.v6Qia~ KUA~O~ EcpSao on) NaU:7tALO "YLa va ExSio'r) 'tTJv
XUQ6LU 'to'll o'ta :7t'llQa 'tWV MO'llOO'llA!lUVO>V" 'to XUAOXULQL 'to'll
1826. ot 6LUCPOQ~ CPU'tQL~ :7tOV 6Lx6LXO'llOUV 'tTJV e~O'llOLU !lE'ta
355
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'II tf,ml.ptf,vop tf,wl. S01~ptf,p mtf,1'l 1l.f? mOf}3l.012t
l?tf, mrlof}3yo'Xoag ,130!fg13tf,aO !Jtf,W'X !Jl. tf,~ uOOJOmtf,1.,30V2t tf,m1.,9Y
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3A?,,( 10"("(Y" :?l.0:LC AD%UeI,tUDActO A?Q 1Dl.U1O:LC 10"(~J...3TI oc,t.Q 10 Jl.DU
:l>1J...9,,( ,?etQ ?W :Sog"(~)1 9 30U"(?e ,?l. A?Q SOO:LCl,tn H" :og"(~)1 A,?l.
?n ~roD:LC~ DJnnD% 3X13 A?Q 'DOet%O?)I A~l.O SOA13%~ 1% 30Q.0%10l.D%
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Toil acpliQoooE a'Ko/l'l1 'KaL 6E'KmtEvtaOuAAa~oll~:

~avav()o /3(Jaxo (broav(Jr6~, ara.i(JLamo~, ",ovaxo~
~wa",evo~ ",e rij~ A-v(Ja~ rov rov'Qx8a.VO Xl 0 Kw./3o~...
KaL O'tlJV nEQLcp'l1/l'l1 6LUAE;L 'tOll YLa 'tOV KUA~O O'tOV
IIaQvaooo, hOVLOE:
"'0 Ka;'/3o~ aV7JXel el~ ro
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xat na(JE(JxoVrat iva OlXatW()Wat ",era ()avarov ... "
*
ot EQEllVE~ YLa 'tlJv aVEuQEOL 'toil 'tUCPOll 'tOll 'KaL 'tlJV llE'tacpoQa
'tWV oO"twv 'tOll OCPELAOvtaL OE L6LOO'tL'KE~ nQoonu9w;~. eo KunQLO~
~vrwv1J~ 'Ivnavo~ UQXLOE 'tL\; EQEllVE~ 'to 1924 'KaL aVE'KUA1J'ljlE 'tOV
'tucpo 'to 1937 /lE 'tlJv ~oiJ9ELa 'toil LeQioo\; 'tfj~ 'EM'I1VL'Kfj~ E'K'KA'I10La~
'toil AOV6(,VOll. 'Ev 't<P /lE'ta;v E'K'I1QuX9'11 0 nOAE/lO~ 'KaL /lOAL~ 'to
1960 EnE'tEux9'11 " /lE'ta'Ko/lL6lJ 'tWV oo'twv 'tOll, /lE nQoo'to~ollALa
'tWV MV(Jl/37JA-Yj, BeVE~1J, IIh(Jov Xa(J1J 'KaL rew(Jyov ZW(Ja.
TO. oO"td 'toil KUA~Oll Ecp9aoav O"tlJv 'EAA.a6a O"tL\; 19 MaQ'tLoll
1960. l:'to aEQo6Qo/lLO 'toil eEM'I1VL'Koil, ayiJ/la'ta O"tQa'toil ani6oo-
oav 'tL/lE\;. ME'tECPEQ9'11oav /lE Em~A'I1'tL'KlJ nO/lnlJ o'tov Nao 'toil
'AYLoll 'EAEll9EQLOll M'I1'tQonoAEoo~, onoll EnL 'tQEL\; "/liQE~ onoll6a-
o'taL, /la9'11'ta.L, nAfj9o\; anAwv av9Qwnoov, nEQvoiloav 'KaL nQoO'Kll-
voiloav. l:'tL~ 5 'IollvLoll /lE 'to nOAE/lL'KO Xa'tt'l1'Koovo'ta.vtlJ\; /lE'tE-
cpEQ9'11oav o't~v YEVE'tELQU 'tOll.
eH "()av",aaia vijao~ Zaxvv()o~", O'l1/laLOO'tOALO"t'l1 'KaL unEQiJ-
cpaV'l'} uno6ix9'11'KE 'to 'tE'KVO 't'l1~. "ll'tav nQooL KllQLa'Kfj~. eH nAa'tELa
'tOil AL/lEvo~Qaxiovo~ 'Ka'tu/lEO''t'l1. MEoa o'to nAfj90~ 'tWV o'tEcpa-
VLWV ;EXWQLtE E'KELVO 'toil 6'11/l0OLOYQUCPOll KEcpaAA'I1Voil. "H'tav
Eva 'KAa6L ano 'to 6EvtQO 'Ku'too ano 'to OJt()LO 0 ~LOvUOLO~ l:oA.oo/lO\;
dXE YQU'\jJEL 'tov "Y/lvov nQo~ 't~v 'EAE1J9EQLav, O'tOALO/lEVO /lE
aYQLoAouAoll6a 'tfj~ Za'K1JV9LVfj~ y'ij\;. TO. oo'td 'toil nOL'I1'tfj E'tUCP'l1-
oav o'to nQoauALO 'toil ~1J rtW(JY1J rwv tl.lXWV, o'tov 'tono nov
Elxav oQ'KLo9fj 0 Ko;'oxor(Jwv1J~, 0 II;'anovra.~, 0 ~o;'w",6~...
357
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EMHNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIA~ EJ\J\HNIKH~ rJ\O~~H~
L4.~ flq fJ(}e~'Y/ n07:e

7:0 avvvecpov, xal 0 aveflo~
aXA'Y/(}O~ a~ flq axo(}nla'Y/
7:0 xmfla 7:0 flaXa(}LOV
nov ae axena~el...
*** '
AtovV(Jto; !:o),roP.U);
("M1jyaelq exw cLUo 07:0 voii llov
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I
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IOAWfloiJ xal 7:fj~ xv(}la~ ~yyeAlxfj~ NlxA'Y/, eyevv1j()'Y/ el~ 7:qv
Zaxvv()ov 7:qv 8'Y/v ~n(}lAtov 1798 ".
01, ltQOYOVOL 'tou ~OAWIlOU Elxav EASEL Cmo 'ti]v KQ~'t'r). "Hoav
E'i"YEVEL~ IlE xaAi] SEOL O'tO XQ'llOO BL~ALO 'tfj~ ZaxuvSo'll.
0 jtoL'r)'ti]~ EIlELVE EvvEa E'tOOV oQ<pavo~ alto lta'tEQa, XA'r)QOVO-
1l0~ Ila~l. IlE 'tov a6EA<po 'to'll ~'r)Il~'tQLO 'tfl~ IlEyaA'r)~ ltEQLO'llOLa~ 'toil
lta'tEQa 'to'll~. 0 x'r)6EIlWV 'to'll XOIl'r)~ MEoaAa~ 'tov EO'tEtAE alto 'ta
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IIafJla... Ta ltQoom 'to'll Y'lJIlVaOllam OE Aa'tLVLxou~ xal. haALxou~
O'tLXO'll~ E<paLvov'tO 'tooov avw'tEQa 'tfj~ ~ALxLa~ 'to'll WO'tE 0 haAO~
6aoxaA6~'to'll, 'toil EAEYE: GRECO, TU FARA! DIMENTICARE IL
NOSTRO MONTI ("EM'r)va, Sa Ila~ xaV'r)~ va ;E)CaoO'UJlE 'tov MoV'tL
JlU~).
'EyUQLOE O'ti]v Zax'llvSo 20 E'tOOV xal. 6EV aoxoA~S'r)XE IlE 'tL:rto't'
&Mo ltaQa IlE 'ti]v ltOL'r)OL. 0 ~. TQLxoult'r)~ 'tov EltELOE O'tL 0 ltQo-
OQLOIlO~ 'to'll ~'tav 0XL va Aa~'r) IlLa AallltQi] SEOL o'tov haALXo
I1aQvaooo, aAAa va SEJlEALWO'r) 'ti]v vEa <ptAOAOYLa o'ti]v EMa6a.
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OS'r)OL mh~ ~ altOO'tOA~ 'to'll ~'tav va YLV'r) 0 ltOL'r)'ti]~ 'tfj~ 'EAM6o~,
O'llVEXLOE va O'UVSE't'r) ltQooltaSwV'ta~ va 6LalloQ<PWO'r) Eva ~OLO
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'tl.~ ltm6LXE~ avallv~oEL~ alto 'ta axouolla'ta, o'ti]v Zax'llvSo, 'toil
KQ'r)'tLxoil eEa'tQO'll.
358
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*
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OIEAEY8EPOIllOAIOPKHMENOI
To xueu,uu brfjeu
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359
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'tiva"ovarot "etAai"OwfJ,ot "at AetJro()VfJ,wfJ,evot. ..
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X.ALE~ O:rtO'll()E~ 'to'll M:rtAa o'tov eEtO 'to'll ~T]fLTt'tQT] IIaAafLu, a<pou
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XQOVLU 'tfj~ toofj~ 'to'll, YLa 'to. o:rtdLu EXEL YQa'li'EL:
Ta newra fJ,ov xeOVta 7:' d~exaora di~'Y}oa

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orij ()aAaooa "ei rij er]xij "at rijv ijfJ,ee'Y}
or:ij ()aAaooa "ei r:ijv nAana, rij fJ,eyaA'Y} ...
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361
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IIoui 7:axa CPov(!wvva CPOV(!WVVla~e fl,eoa fl,ov

xai nOla aVefl,O~aA'fj,
nov oev fl,oi] .r/v xO{fl,l~e~ xai oev .r/v avanave~
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nov n(!w7:wv fl,ac; X(!OVWV xov7:a 01:' -dX(!OYlaAl.
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'to'll, ALyo JtOAV yvroo'ta~, aJtaL'teL Exu'toV'tu6E~ OEAL6E~ YLa. va.
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OA'fj ~ <EAAaba " , oJtro~ aJt~YYELA.E 6l;lxeAlavo~.
0 Kwom~ l;mfl,a7:'fj~ eXEL JtEQLYQU'l!'EL f,lE 'tQaJto OVYXAOVLO'tLXO
'tilv 8QvALxiI Xl]6ELu 'toiJ Kroo'tfl IIuAuf,lu:
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fl,f: nv(!va Aoyta ana 7:Tjv <Q(!a{a IIvA'Yj. "Enelt'a (} nOl'fj7:Tj~
l;w7:fj(!'Yj~ l;xbr'Yj~ anfjyyelAe eva n(!OXA'fjnXO Yla wv~ xamx7:'Yj7:a~
nO{'fjfl,a wv. Kl 0 fl,eyaAo~ l;lxeAlavo~ {3(!oVt'ocpwv'Yjoe 7:0 {3a(!vofj-
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fl,a7:wv fl,la ~acpvlxTj a07:(!anTj cpw7:we 7:a nAfj()'Yj Xl aV7:fjX'fJoe fl,WOV-
(!ava navw ano 7:0 cpe(!e7:(!O wi] IIOl'fj7:fj 0 'E()VlXO~ fl,a~ "'Yfl,VO~.
l;7:a OXeAe7:Wfl,eVa ano 7:Tjv ne'lva xai xaxovx{e~ n(!OOwna, fl,f: 7:a
{3a()OVAWfl,eVa fl,ana, o7:(!acp7:aAwe ~ fl,eyaA'fj 'EAn{ba, xai 7:0 Mxw~
emo7:(!ocpTj m~{bl wi] IIol'fj7:fj aVOlye blanAaw 7:0V b(!ofl,O n(!o~
7:Tjv 'EAev()e(!{a... "
*
362
F
MA9HMA30ov
To EQYO 'tou IIUAUflu, oy%wMo'tu'to. KUAumeL 16 'toflO'll. 'H

~L~ALOYQUqJLU YLo. 'to EQYO 'to'll, 'teQuo'tLu. 'II O'tugeQ~ 'to'll JtQoo~
AWOL o't~v 'I6Eu 'tou 'EM1]VLOfloU %UL 'tOU "E9vo'll, 'to Jtu90 'to'll
YLo. 't~v IIu'tQL6u %UL 't~v 'tuX1] 't1], 'to. OQUflU'tU 'to'll YLo. 'tOY av9Qw-
Jto %UL 'tOY "EAA1]VU, EO't~QL~UV 't~v AUL%~ 'to'll aJt~X1]OL %UL 't~v
'teQao'tLu EJtL6QuOL 'to'll o'to IIuveAA~vLO...
'AJto 'to. t6Q'll'tL%o. o'teAEX1] 'tfj 'A%u61]flLU 'A91]vwv, 0
IIUAUflU E~eAE'(TJ 'tU%'tL%O flEAO 't1] 'to 1926, %ul, 'to 1930 6Le'tEAeoe
IIQoe6Qo 't1]. 'H JtOL1]'tL%~ 'to'll 6LU6Qofl~ E%aA'll'ljJe JteQLooo'teQo
aJto flLOO uLwvu. 'EfleAE't1]oe 'tOY BUAUWQL't1], JtQooEYYLOe 'tOY
}:oAWflo %UL aVU%aA'll'ljJe 'tOY KUA~O.
at aQxuLOL flu JtQOYOVOL EJtLO'te'llUV O'tL %u'to. 't01J M1]6L%01J
JtOAEflO'll, %UL o'lly%e%QLflEvW 't~v ~flEQU 'tfj NU'llflUXLU 'tfj
}:UAu!iLvo, 'to. OVOflU'tU 'tWV 'tQLWV fleyaAwv 'tQUYL%WV EJtAEX't1]%UV
flE 'tQoJto o1]flu6LU%o aJto 't~v flOLQU: '0 ALoxuAo EJtoAEfl1]oe, 0
}:OqJO%Afj E'ljJUAe o't<l EJtLVL%LU %UL 0 EUQLJtL61] yevv~91]%e. }:'t~v
veoneQ1] 'EAAU6u ~AEJtO'llfle O'tL ~ flOLQU ExeL %UL JtUAL JtAE~eL 'to.
ovoflU'ta 'tWV %OQ'llqJULWV E8vL%WV flu IIOL1]'twv flE V~flU'tU aqJuvfj,
6LU%QL'tL%<l %UL oflW a%u'tuA'll'tU...
.:.
'AJtOOJtaOflU'tU aJto 'tOY "A(j)~EXa;"OrO 'rov IVq;'rov II
(IIeocprrnxoq)
... Kut eirav of xaQot nov fJ flokY]

nOQv'fj as /leTl1.VOle~ sevvxrovae
XUt 7:0. XeQtu 7:'fj~ oe/levu 7:0. xQurovae
XUt xUQr:eQuy' evu /luXeAaQ'fj.
Kut sOAo(JQe/lO~ (} /luxeAaQ'fj~,
PovaOl, NOQ/luvvoi, BovAyaQOl, KU7:UAaVOl,
Xt (} XQwnuvof.lC1.xO~ (} 2uQux'fjvO~,
Xt (} OvyxuQet;o~ (} 7:eQaano~ xuf3uAAaQ'fj~.. .
... Kut xUQ7:eQuye 7:0V TovQxo va "CiJV naQ'fj .. .
363
a
EMHNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOHH!
Me oAa aov oa 'i;fl Ta xall'Y}Aa

Ile "eallllui aov De Oa 'i;ij w:yaAwavv'Y}
Ut otneogJijur; nov Oa neoauvvii,
VUVot Ut aeAeu{VOL.
Kat aOgJo{ TOV uat uetTu(jer;
TOV a(jewv AOYOV ot TeonawVxot
Kat (jtagJevu:vTu(jer; -uv{3eevijTer; TOV, ot eVVOVxoL.
... Kt av neaalle ae neatllo neWTUuovaTo

uat ae yueello uaTeauvAwalle
nov mo {3aOv uallllta gJVAq (jev el(je wr; nvea,
elvat YWTt Ile TWV uat(!wv TO nAljeWlla
Ollota {3aOv ev' ave{3aalla wir; lleAAeTat
neor; V'I/J'Y} oveavogJOea ...
..."Oao va ae Avn'Y}Oij
Tijr; ayUn'Y}r; 0 Oeor;,
uat va l;'Y}lleewa'Y} IltaV avylj,
uat va ae uaAea'Y} 0 AVTeWllor;,
JJ lJIvXq naea(jaellev'Y} Mo TO ue'ifla.
Kat fl auova'Y}r; Tq gJwvq TOV AVTewTij,
Oa y(jvOijr; Tijr; allaeT{ar; TO VTVIla,
uatl;ava uv{3eeVrJllev'Y} Ut dAagJeq
Oa aaAe'I/J'Y}r; aav Tq XAO'Y}, aav TO novA4
aav TOV UoegJo TOV yvvabeew, aav TO UVIla.
Kat Ilqv exovwr; nO UUTOV aJ..AO aUaAt
va uaTeauvAlja'Y}r; nO {3aOta
aTOV Kauov Tq auuAa,
yta r:' ave{3aalla l;ava nov ae uaAe~
Oa alawvOijr; va aov gJVTeWVOVV, JJ xaea,
Ta gJuea -Ta gJuea Ta neWTWU aov Ta lleyaAa!
364
MA8HMA30ov
'0 AtrWl),
""lap/Jot "at 'A.vWraw'tot"
Ku~aAu :ruleL 6 XaQov'tu~ 'tov L\.Lyevfj (}'tov'A6'1l

KL aAAO'll~ /lu~L KAuLeL MQve'taL 't' aVSQwmvo xmta6L.
Kul. 'to'lJ~ xQu'teL o't' aA.6yo'll 'to'll 6e/lEVO'll~ 'ta. Xa3tDUALU
'tfj~ Ae'll'teQLa~ 'tov ave/lo, 'tfj~ Ae~ev'tLa~ 'ti]v IIouALu.
Kul. oa.v va. /li]v 'tov aYYL;e 'tOU XaQo'll 'to 60;aQL
6 'AXQL'tU~ /lovo a'taQuxu X'll't'taeL 'tov xu~uAaQ'Il.
'0 'AXQL'ta~ eL/laL XaQov'tu, 6EV :7teQvoo /lE 'ta. XQOVLU.
M aYYL;e~ xul. Mv /l' evvoL(.ooe~ o'ta. /lUQ/lUQEVLU aAwvLu;
EI/laL yro ~ axu'taA'll't'll 'ljJ'llxi] 'toov l::UAU/lLVWV.
l::'ti]v CEql'taAoCP'llV ecpeQu 'to O:7tUSI. 'toov 'EAAi]vWV.
L\.EV xavo/laL o'ta. TaQ'tuQu /lovaxu ;U:7tOO'tULVW
l::'ti] ~wi] ;UVUCPULVO/laL xul, AUOV~ avuo'tuLVW...
*
Kul, XOQo 'tQLYUQW 00'll sa. o'ti]OO'llV
/lE ~LOALa. xul. /lE ~o'llQvabe~
YUCP'tOL, E~QULOL, aQa:7t'll6e~, :7tuoa6e~
xul. 'ta. yovu'tu OL 'tQUVOL 00'll Sa. A'llYLOO'llV
xul. Sa. YLVO'llV 'toov QUYLa6wv OL QUYLabe~.
***
:H ,,yaJ...ootJvt) o..t "EOvt)
bE ,,'tetE'tat "E 'to (J'teE""a.
ME 'tii; xaebtd; 'to ";iJem"a "netE'tat
)tat "E 'to aI"a. ("Bwftol")
365
-
EI\I\HNIKH ArOrH MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rl\OIIHI
i1.7fO To." "Y/lVO Tij~i19qvii~ (el~ A,oyov~ lA)

-OXOQJtLOL O'tLXOL-
A-Z
Sa 'tQayou~i]oro 't~ Sea 'toil %OOflOU 't~ fleyaA:ll,
't~V :rtaQSeVLa, 't~V :rtQO%O:rti], 't~ YVOOOt'], 't~ OO<pLa ...
'Eou 'to voil <paVEQrooe\; 'toil %OOflOU %upeQvi]'tt'] ..

IIaA.a'tL oou eLV' 0 "OA.Ufl:rtO\;, %L " 'EA.A.a~a elvaL vao\; oou,
%aL 'toil vaoil oou 0 mo A.afl:rtQO\; ProflO~ eLVaL " 'ASi]va!
'ASi]va! XQUOOO'tE<pavt'] %aL 'tLflt']flEVt'] xooQa!
ot fleyaA.6xaQOL SeOL e:rtavro oou aYQu:rtvoilve
%aL <peuyouv a:rt' 'tov "OA.Ufl:rtO YLa va ;e%ouQao'toilve
O't~ yfj OOU 't~ PQaxoo:rtaQ'tt']. na'tL e~oo :rtEQa PQLO%OUV
mb\; mo :rtOA.U flE 'tOU\; Seou\; 0 avSQro:rtO\; 'taLQLa<;;eL..
L't~V aYLaOflEvt'] 'A%Qo:rtOA.t'] O'tE%eL\;, Sea, %L aQa<;;eL\;.

To:rto ooil %aVOUv ot SeoL, ~eLA.a :rtaQafleQL<;;oUV ...
YLa'tL ;avOLYOUV mb\; %Qu<pa, o<pLX'ta flLa A.afl'lJ1t'] bEveL
't~v eflOQ<pLa 'tfj\; yfj\; au'tfj\; flE 't~ ~L%i] OOU XaQt'].
KL" 'A%Qo:rtOA.t'] %aL aYVOOQLO't'r), YUflvi], :rtaQSEV' a%Ofla,
a%Ofl' aO'tOA.Lo'tt'] %L a:rtA.~ flE 'tOU\; <p'troXOU\; ProflOU\; 'tt']\;
<paLve't' aflE'tQt']'te\; <POQE~ 'lJ1t']A.6'teQt'] o'ta fla'tLa
a:rt' 't~ O'tLYfl~ :rtou :rtQopaA.e\; a:rtavou O't~V %OQ<Pi] 'tt']\;.
H'
('Ana rav H' A,oyo "'. eGo o!ltA,eiq Oea :A01]vd):
"XaQa if eOE xooQa A.eu%~ %aL xooQa eu'tuXLaflEvt']!
KaflflLa fleQLa if OA.t'] 't~ yfj, %aflflLa o't~v OL%OUflEVt']
~EV t']-DQe 'tE'tOLO <puA.ax'to oav 'to ~L%O floU fla'tL.
'A:rt' aA.A.e~ xooQe~ :rtEQaoa YOQya YOQya 'tQexa'tt'] ...
"Oflro~ if eOE 'to SQovo floU aLoovLa SefleA.Loovro,
%aL QL<;;rooe " aya:rtt'] floU o'ta xoofla'ta oou flOVO,
oav 'to paQu Au%apt']'to :rtou ;a<pvL%a flLa flEQa
%uA.Lae a:rto 'ta XEQLa floU %aL QL<;;roif e~oo :rtEQa ...
KaQ:rtoL oou ot 'ASt']vaLoL!
366
MA9HMA30ov
~a~ bLvEL ~ ~~Il'll'tQu YA:UXELa 'tou XUf,LJt01J 't~v ayu:J't'll,

x' eyffi aa~ bLvOJ 't~v ~USELaV ayu:J't'll 'tfj~ :J'tu'tQLbu~ ...
n' ulh~ YEWUEL aav XEQU1JVOV~ 'tOV~ a'tLxo1J~ 1:01J XL 0
Al,axUAO~,
YL' UU't~V :J'tESuLvEL YUA'IlVa a't~ tpUAUX~ 0 ~OJXQU't'll~,
XL a:J'tuvou XL w~ 'tOV "OAUIl:J'tO tp'tEQOOVE'taL 0 ELbLu~
XUL SUYVUV'tEUEL 'tOV~ SEOU~, XUL IlE 'to aXUALa't~QL
'tOV~ SUVU:J'tAUSEL sua'tEQOU~ XUL XQuaEAEtpUV'tEVLOU~.
n' UU't~V Sa XUIlOUV SUUIlU'ta XUL vLOL XUL YEQOL axallu.
n' ulJ't~v 01. VLOL Sa oQxL~OJV'taL :J'tUAA'IlXuQLaLOv oQxo,
XOV'tUQLU, aa:J'tLbE~ XUL a:J'tuSLa OQIl'll'tLxa XLVOOV'tU~:
ea 'ta xQu'too 'ta O:J'tA' ulha XUL Mv Sa 'ta V'tQo:J'tLuaOJ
XUL Ilavo~ XUL IlE aUV'tQOtpL<l XL eboo XL o:J'tOU XL <1 AO:XOJ
Sa :J'toAEIl~aOJ axouQua'tu XL atpQaV'tLO'tU Sa :J'tEaOJ
XUL 't~v :J'ta'tQLbu IlLa tpoQa IlEYUA'Il Sa 't~v XUIlOJ. 11
e'
"~OU bLvOJ axallu XUQLallu :J'tQOJ'tuxoua'to, IlEYUAO,

'to AEUXO:J'tQUaLVO bEV'tQL :J'tov aAAou Mv SEtp1J1:QOOVEL.
TEaauQu IlU'tLU a:J'tuvou 'tou axoLIl'll'ta aYQu:J'tvoUVE,
'ta IlU'tLU 'tOU :J'tOVE'tLXOU ~La~, xUL 'ta bLXU 1l0U.
KL <1v EQSOUV XQavLu bLaEX'tu, xU'tUQUIlEVU XQaVLU

XL aYUALU aYUALU aXUQLa'tO~ SEYEAuaIlEVO~ xaallo~
aE a~~an a:J'to 'to AU'tQEIlO XL a:J'to 't~ SUIlLa~ 1:OU,
Sa :J'tEan~, S' a:J'toxOLIl'llSfi~ ~USLU, M Sa :J'tESUV'Il~.
fiad Elv' of Oeot uOxva'toL xat XXQo b qJopoiiV'taL,
;exxvoV'tm, bv xxvoV'taL, TiIv :J'tl..X0't) :J'txv'ta oQi~o1JV,
XL liv 'to,,; uQvLOiiV'tm of livOQ(O:J'toL, It<<XV'ta
OlJ,.,oiivi' exavOl..
"O,.,OI.a Oa va eloaL uOxva'tt) XL eoil oav 'to,,; 90'''; OOlJ
***
367
-
EJ\J\HNIKH ArOrH MA9HMATA APXAIAL EJ\J\HNIKHL rJ\OLLHL
"eo Kwm;~~ IIaAa!la~ EIVaL ava!l<pLo~iJ1;rrta 6 !lEyaA{J'tEQo~ ouy-

btl 'to'u JtaQ6V'to~, 6 !lEya-
YQa<pEiJ~ 'ti'j~ mJYXQOV'f]~ eEAM.bo~ xaL,
AU'tEQO~ JtOL'f]'t~~ 'ti'j~ EUQwJt'f]~".
IIEQLob. "La Grande Revue" No.2

Paris, Fevrier 1931.
("Costis Palamas est, incontestablement, Ie plus grand ecrivain de la

Grece contemporaine, et, actuellement, Ie plus grand poete de I'
Europe!")
***
Ail' lzet~ "OAvp:;re (Jeov~, P1J~i kpivre~ q "Ouua.
Pa"luMe~ lzet~, Mavva "Iii, uxvq)'tov~ "luI ro zauarut
xovcptot Xt oXVOt xaracpuovoiJv rr, (Jeia ruazeta uov
I "I)'{fJuua,
rrov Evuw:;raiwv :;reui"leAa Xflt rrov auzaiwv :;raAtarUot.
'TU At"louroi xat iJ) ~taAezrOt

Xt auicpv1Jrot aVUto ruw~!
Elvat ptlx ~A1j(Jeta xarov i~ro
:;rov rr, zrv:;raet ro Miuo~..
(K. IIaAaJlat;)
368

'0 Kwm:iJc; IIw.a/11ic;
369
, 1:"1h';"
..,
tS",~ ....~ .
---
..:~.~~
.,. -',f,I
~+!,4~C""""
.......--,
- .. ~-
T.':U~~.
~~~~,*-:-.-"r;
tie..'f-;r .:.~.....
..:. ~ -: ~-u~
;.: 11\ '"'~
370
r nAPAPTHMA
llAPAPTHMA
MUQu9cbv 13- 9-490 3t.x.

E>EQ/103tUAaL .... 9-480 3t.x.
~UAU/lL~ 27-9-480 3t.x.
'I/lEQu )> (xu,ta'tQ6Jt(naL~ KUQXTJ{)OVL(()V)
IIAU1muL 28-8-479
Mvx.uA'f'J
ME'tU a3to 200 oMx.A'f'JQu XQOVLU ~UVU3tu't'f'J(Juv 'to 3t06L 't'Ov~

~UQ~UQOL (J't~v 'EAAu6u, 6'f'JA. ot ruAu't'aL. 'E~ov'tcbe'f'Jx.uv (J'toiJ~
LlEAqJoiJ~ (aQX'f'JYo~ 'tov~ 0 BQEVVO~) 'to 279 3t.x.
*
'0 IIAou'tuQXo~ CHe. IV (J't. 502) avuqJEQEL il't'L x.u'tu 'tov
'HQux.AEL6'f'Jv 'tov IIoV't'Lx.ov, 0 o3tAh'f'J~ 6QO/lEU~, 0 03tOLO~ avfJYYEL-
I.E (J'tOiJ~ 'Ae'f'JVULOV~ !LE'tu 't~V /lUX'f'J 'to'\} MUQuewvo~ 'to
NENIKHKAMEN, ~'to 0 0if]0'L3t3toSj 0 'EQOLEU~. '1\AAOL aVUqJE-
QOVV 'tOV Eilx.ua:
... Oeaf.lOV7:a avv 'W'i~ OTl).Ol~, ()eef.l0V Wro rij~ f.laxrJ~ Xal7:a'i~
()veat~ ef.lTleaovra nov Tlewrwv, 'WaoiJ'Wv f.l0VOV ebre'iv, "xafeere,
vlxWf.lev" elr: ev()v~ eXTlveiJaat...
***
3 Xcif]L'tESj 'Ay).ata
Evq;eoavv'Yj
6)ci).eta
371
6 TexvaL ~QXL'tEX'toVLX~ n. 'UJt'tLX~

Z(J)YQUqJLX~ MO'U(JLx~
rrOL'r](JL~ "OQX'r]OL~
3 'EQLvUE~
*
'AA'r]x'too, MeYaLQu, TLOLqJOV'r]
3 'mull,.;; OLP'r], AUflJtE'tLU, ue8o'Uou
3 KQL'ta" 'toii 1\.bot) Atuxo~, MLV(J)~, PU~el!luv8'U~
7 'EJt" 9itlla~ 'l\.~QUO'tO~ (0 !l6vo~ l)La(Jro8et~)

~!lqJLelQUO~
'IJtJto~el!l(J)v
KUJtUVEiJ~
rrUQ8EVOJtULO~
rrOA'UVeLX'r]~
T'U~EiJ~
(ME'ta 10 lh'r] eX~Lxtl8'r]xuv OL 'ULOL 'to'U~).
'Hy(J)VL~OV'tO:
~'ta 'O~:"Il'tLa YLa 'tov XO'tLVO (O'tEqJelVL aYQLEAL(l~)

~'ta "IaOJLLa YLa O'tEqJelVL aJto JtEUX'r]
~'ta NiJLEa yta O'tEqJelVL aJto oeALVo
~'ta II"O,a YLa O'tEqJelVL aJto ~elqJv'r]
~ vuf3iwau; 't'WVJrufJ,Jra),uw.w 'O)'vfJ,Jriwv, 't'o 776 Jr.X

(a l wJrtxq 'O),vfJ,ma~' a..r/v Jr(!uYfJ,unxonl't'u, 5YJ avaf3iw(J~).
TEUv'taim 'OJ,t)Il'tLaXOl.:
'H 293'r] 'OA'UflJtLa~ 'to 394 !l.x., e:nL uu'toxQel'toQo~ 8EO~OOLO'U,
o OJtOLO~ xu'ttlQY'r]OE !lE ~Lel'tUY!lU, PLUL(J)~, 'tOiJ~ 'OA'U!lJtLUxoiJ~
ayroVE~, ro~ "Et~(J)AOAU'tQLXOV lt8L!lOV" (!)
372
fLf
"s't3Au'10II 9 5'018:
s01o~"{rw 9 sln'Os
s01A9TImQ3'X.'OV 9 MT),,{PX
s018A](0)l 9 sOOQA'O]03II
s01Q9d 9 sO"{(tog9 3"{)1
sOl'OAU,"{U,(tW 9 sq'X.Dl,11II
sOl'OAU,8Y, 9 MT),,{9:r
50q~'ft':il. 5Drnloy, 5\!.1.l 0cbo:I ~1.:at':il. 10
*
D]:atTI(t,,{O, Ai!sq1V 0.01 'OTI"{'OA.~ A0A11A~ro3"{30(tOX q.L
Q,OOO'OAO'O'X.1,,{Y. s~1 A013,,{COO(t'OW q.L
sOAQ;>"{(tg'OH s~110:at~'X. 101D'OTI30)110
roO?rog, Ai! sOQ1TI?10Y, s~1 sq'O N O.
(t01U'tA.1Y s~1 s3Q]TI'OO(tii 1Y
(tOQ9d s~1 sqOOO"{O)l O.
s'OPOQA'O~3"{Y, s~1 sOO~ O.
CtoriD9)1 Ct0JDloy, !J,01. D1.Dri",DO ~1.:at':il. ~.L
*
ro1U'tA.1Y Ai! sq1V sOACOTITIV;, Q,O.L
sOACO,,{,,{9UY, (to]'OTI(tQ1V 0. 01 ro1~"{1W Ai! q.L
Q,omu',,{'X.oy, 0.01 roO't'OQ1Ug, A~ q.L
smo1~II A~ s001u'TI~V s~1 q.L
s91V 0.01 UA<PQCOV A~ q.L
sOACO,,{'{9UY, 0.01 s10ro,,{3V A~ q.L
:V13JAVW. v(b:u;J1iJa)J
(" uA10 Q;>gTI(tO rJA AC01A9,,{,,{3TI AQ;>1 A10U,19QOTIOu,ol A~1 rJ1Q
'A938 Aq1 ~TI 5'0138'.)-3 .ltV I\(1,OA<PA10'X.3U~ 51303110 '08 Ajl10U9.Lu)
50q~TI':iI. 5DJDloy, 5\!.1 D!31.ADW
VII\IHldVdVU
....
tL
~
S01roog" (1,01l?38 - HLIVOJtPV
rtoJA.UMt}I (1,0111)X SUA!f'{3:r S!J,1 l?38 - :IIW'ilLJV
(S91V (1,01 aU1~A.rte) S:OJcbo:r S!J,1l?38 - VNHfJV
S:OJA.Oro3J S!J,1 l?38 - JHLHWHV
rtorl~J (1,01 Sl.l~.lDOOli 'S91V (1,01 SoA.rt~l).:r - VJH
-S:013A3A.ox10 S!J,1 S11~.lD00li - VIL:I'il
:513,,(ge
-Aro1~rlrl:OOJ
A<.D1 1:OX rtoJom..cria. (1,01 SU1~.lD00li - A<.D 38 A<.D1 ~rtO!J,}I - :IHWJ'il
rtOrl~'{Oli (1,01 S938 - :IHJV
-S9 ortii (1,01S 9 38 - :IOL:IIVwH
-S!J,X1U:OW S!J,1 'S:OJAOrlOY, S!J,~ 'S91roCP (1,01 S938 - NlJVVOIIV
SUOO~'{D8 S!J,1S9 38 - NlJVI'il:IOll
-A<.D38 A<.D1S~3'{10:OS: 'S:O~d S!J,11:O X rtoA9 0}I (1,01S 91X. - :I;{'ilZ
:531t300v;.
.1:1'
nOlni,,"tO, (1, 01 103 9 DX3Vl?V 10 "
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