Ju. LURIE Handbook of Analytical Chemistry Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov MIR PUBLISHERS MOSCOW300 Table 40 Standard Oxidizing Potentials (Z°) Relative to the Potential of a Standard Hydrogen Electrode* at 25 °C ¢ saturated solution in the presence of a solid or liquid substance; lution saturated with gas under a pressure of 1 atm) Symbol - ofele-| Upeeacts® | tne | Tovstatifese of my Es 15% é . Fe | el + pre +o:or te | set + Bro; 10:88 te | At a $9.84 Fe | ATE Se x35 te | Agy + 3c) To'51 t8. | RE OO 0.44 at t +0:46 £203" +0472 agi ny 0. at ot Set ‘For the use of the table, eee p. 478.304 Table 40 (continued) Isymbol nee cot degre Ba) ipmerraoree | ane | Tomsziaterss® of | , ¥ Ast + sH* +e | AsHs —0.60 + 31,0 i3e | AsHs t+ pou- 1137 aso, + B+ Be | As} + 2H,0 +0:247 As | HaAsO,-+2H+ | +2e | HAsO, + 3,0 Alog taro | £3e | As 40H — Aso} + 2H,0 | +26 z+ AOH- Aus+ +2e | Aut +3e | Au fe’ | Au te uy + 2Br- “f2e | Aubry + 2Br- 4+3e | Au} + 4Br- +e | Au} + 26n- Au +e + 2a1- +2e z+ 2CI- $3e | Au} + 4cl- {3e | Au} + 40H- +e. | aul + 2scn- ¢ +2e | Au(SCN)z -+ 28CN- Au(SCN)z $3e | Au} + 48cN- HyBO,+ 3H* | +3e | BY + 34,0 —0.87 B HjBOs + H,O | +3e | BY + 408- —1179 +3e | BY + 4F- 1104 Ba | Bat +2e | Bay | —2.90 Be | Be +2 | Bot 1.85 Be,O} + 3H,O | +4e | 2Be} + 6OH- 2762 BiO* + 2H+ +3 | Big 4, HAO -+0.32 Bi} -+ 3Ht +3 <—0:8 NaBiOs} + 4H* | +2 Biot, Nat + 2H,0] >+1.8 Bicly +3e | Biy + 4cl- 0:16 Bi | BizOy}+4H* | +2 2B10* + 2H,0 +488 Bio + Ho, | +2: | Bude | 20H- 0.56 ao | +8e | 2B bon 0:48 Beary +3e | Bi}'+ HO + Cl- +0116 Bre +2e | 2Br- +4087 Bi +2e | 3Br- 44.05 r | Bro + ane | 2: | Bre + ony +116 2BrO--+ 3H,O__| +2e | Br, + 40f- +0145,302 Table 40 (continued) [Symbol 7 oe a GE] wear [a | sume | my HBrO+H+ — | +2e | Br-+ HO +1.34 Br BrO- + H,O ++2e | Br--+ 20H- $0.76 BrOx + 5H* -+4e | HBrO + 2H,0 $4.45 BrOg + 2H,0 | +4e | Bro-+ 4oH- +0:54 2Brds + 12H+ | +40e Bry + 6H,O 44°52 2Br0; + 6H,O | +40e Bry + 120H- +£0.50 Bros} 6H* | +6e | Br* + 3H,0 4.45 Bro; + 3H,0 | +6e | Br- + 60h- 0.61 HOH + 2H cay 11H +0. Gilt wi +9. oH : fiydfoquindne shoe? +0. 30+ (CN), t +0. HCN + H,O +0.; CN- + 20H- =o: c CoH +0. HcHo ° 0: HCHO + 30H- CO, t+ 2H* +2e | CO ++ HO cot N+ ¥6e | coi NHi)e + H,0 CO, ++ 2H* +20 HcooH 206, t+ 2H | +2e | H.C,0, ca | cat $2. Ca(OH), } +2e | Ca} + 20H- cat ca +3 Cot, ce te | Ged + ocloz , te | Go + 6NOs +e _| Got + 3s0f- cl Qe | 2Cl- ou | ait Pea t+ H,0303 Table 40 (continued) Symbol! arigheat degree Lowest degree of oxidation one of oxidation tne Ev 2C10-+ 2H,0 | +2e | Cl, ++ 40H- 0.40 HClO + H+” toe | ae tte +8 +2e | cl- + 26H- +0:33 +2e | HClO + H,0 +1264 +6e | Cle+ + 4Hj0 +1763 +4e | G+ 2H,6 +4156 +2e | Glo“ + 20H- +066 +4e | Cl + 40H- +0:77 a +f2e | Hc10, + H,0 F4v24 +2e | clos + 208- 0:33 te | ClO; t+ H,0 44545, fe by 41127 +6e | cl- +'38,0 +4145 +40e} Cly ++ 6Hy F447 +6e | Cl* + 60H- +0:63 fee | a+ a0 +4150 e | Clo = (+0:85,, +2e + Hea 49 HES ae | ae | : +8e | C+ 41,6 +438 +8e | cl- + 80k 10756 Co3+ Co Go CoCO,} - Co Contin Coon ee at H, Coron, | se Co(OH)s + OH- CoS & CoS at crs+ Gin: Cr SHOMo} + 30H- Cr(OH); rs F280. Aon Gi + Gro3" + 4H,O | +3e | Cr(OH), | + SOH-304 Table 40 (continued) Symbol cat degre 5 ae] arena | ve | tomrutace | Cs | Cs* | be | Cs} | cut+ +2e | cu Cut +e | Gu Cute +e | Cut Cut + Br- +e | Cupry Gut + Cl- +e | Guay Cutt + Ie +e | Gul} CuBr +e | Cult+ Br- cu | GuGN)z te | Gu} + 2cn-_ uC | +e + a- ul ¢ |eult Cu(NHs)3* +e | Cu(NH,)t a 2NHgs Gu(NHs); +e eal NH, Gu(NHy)3* +2e | Cu 2Cu(OH)s + +2e | Cujo d+ Aa + Cu,0 } + H,0 +2e | 2 9, 20H- ROH at Ze if + 20H- +2e | Cul + S2- Sy +2e | 2Cu} + S2- ease! t +e | Cuf + SCN- Fo Fit tee | 2F- Fes+ te | Fe +0.774- Fes+ +3e | Fe - +0:036 Fe KEN) * te Fe(cnyg +0:880. e | Fe(CNy$ 2 Fe Foto. +2¢ | Fe} + CoR- —-0:756 FAGHE Nn] +* | Feats) 88 Recor )s +e | Fe(OH), bit OH- —0.56 Pet On +2e | Fe} +3 —0:877 Poop fens — | 3e | ret 4 an +119 Fe,0,}-+ 8H+ | +8e BFet + 4 sO —Q:085 eB +2e —0:95 Ga | Ga +3e | Ga —0.56 Hicaos + 4,0 | 13: | at + son- 1122 Ge} + 4H* +4e | GeHy t <—0:3 Ger +2e | Ge : 0:0 Ge | Geo} + 2H* $22] Sot am, —0'29oss 305 Table 40 (continued) 2H+ 2H+ (10-71) symbol ofeie-| Wyfnaston” | tne gree Go0,}-+4H+ | +4e | Got + 2H,0 co | HaGed, + 4H* | +4e | Gol + 3x30 Go0,4't 2H* | +2¢ | Ged} Growm+ HO HGebs + 2H,0 | +4e | Ge} + 50H- Hg | Hg,Cl Hi Hg} + 8! Hey+ Hey ‘ ° +2 # 20H: Hy, an | h30 | attoe HOe+ HO | F2e | 30hi~ HiO* + 2H+ HE | HfO,4 + 4H+ HIO(OH), 4 + +H,0 82- sof"306 Table 40 (continued) |sympoi| of ele~ ‘ment Lowest degree of tne ‘oxidation BV 0 +0.49 +4114 10; + 2,0 +0144 aids + 1+ +4119 1 | 205 + 61.0 0.24 +108 $0.26 Hey: +H ~+H16 ~+0.7 He10, ++ TH A444 H,lOf- + 3H,0 ~+0:37 Int +3e | In} —0.33 In | In Ze | In* =0:40 In(OH)s} +3e | In} + 30H- =1.0 Int +3 ~ HAAS: iroye- +3e | Ir} + 6cl- $0.77 irclj- +e sci +4202 ir | irc +4e | Ir} + 6Cl- +0:83 Oajt ae, | He | ir] + ziti +0'93 Tr0,} + 2H,O | +4e 40h- +04 11,03} + 3H,0 | +6e a ‘60H- +011 kK | K+ +e | KY La | bat +e | La La(OH)s} +3e | La} + 30n- Li | Lit te [Lit Mg?+ +20 Me Mg(OH, | +e307 Table 40 (continued) Highest, a oxidation | tne | MMHagCs® of BV #} MnO}- + 4H+ +26 no, + aH 0 +2.26 tno + 2H,0- eM mod 2:5, ¢ : Mn] MnOg-+ 4H+ b3e Mao! + 24,0 +469 | Mnoz + 2H,0 . | +3e | Mnos} + 40H- 0:60 /] Mnog + 8H* ~ | +5e | M8". 4Ht,0 il5t Mos +3e ‘Mo(CN)j- +e Noone: Mo | Mobi rane. _| de =} '2H,0 MoO}* ~ = tok +62 Hie 4,0 MoO}-+ 4H,O | +6e | Mo} + 8off- Nat 44+ +8e | 3NH{ THO +6e | NyH,-+ NH, + 70H- at dae | toe 2aN (2NH,OH)H* 2NH,OH + 20H- HD Nit’ son- 2H! 2NH,OH + 60H- 2NHi 2NH,QH + 20H- NHi‘t 1,0 NH,OH + 20H- Bot + £20 N, 0 Nit + 20H- + 2H,0 | M 2NO t+ 2H,0 | +4e | Ne 4+ 40f- } Buse > ttttlttttltstee ++ SEOPesorrssssns rome 24,0 cae + TOH- =Table 40 (continued) dhele-| "UPuSastion | ime | M*NGatdatfon °* BY +2e | 2HNO, +4.07 2e | 2NOz 0.88 +8e | Ny ¢-+ 4H,0 +1.35, +8e | Nat + sol +0:53 +2e | HNO, + H,O $0.94 +$2e | Nox + 208- $0.01 +e | NOs++ H,0 +£0.80 N ¢ | NOs}+208- =0'86 +3e | NO++ 2H,0 +0.96 +3e | no}+ 4oh- =0.14 +10e|_N, tb 6H, +A.24 + BH Ge | (NH,OH)H* + 2H,0| +0.73 et ATHY | +14] (NgH)H* + 6Hy 40:84 NOx} 40H* ug ‘+ 3H, +0:87 NO§ + 7H,0 +8e | NH,OH + 30H- 0.12 Na | Nav +e | Na} —2.03 Nog} aon | 410 Nbt 5H,O =O Nb, + | $402 N 0; Nobel thane ae] Noa Wo =0:34 Nb | NbO(SO)s + + 2Ht SO NbOSOe + + 2H" Nie Ni(CN)i- NiCO,} Ni(OH),} Ni | Ni(NHAS# NiO, } “+ 4+ NiO,} + 2H,0 iO¢- + 8H* NiSa Nis y Ost + 4Ht “4e | 2H,0 “#4229 10, t + 4H*(10-7M)| +4e | 2H,0 +0.815 b: t+ 2H,0 the | 4o8- +0.401 Oo | Ott +2e | HO, +068: 03}+ HO +2e | HO;'+ OH- —0.076 1,0, 4+ 2H+ — | +2¢ | 24,0 C77. byt 30 te gol Ko 0-88 2e | 0, | ont t io fae | oft aon +4124309 Table 40 (continued) [Sympor| ee] turwentame | ane | tombe et |. v Os** +2e | Os _ +0.85 OsCl#- +e Oadis- o +0.85 oscit- +3e | Os} + 6cl- +0:74 Os OsCli~ - te Os** + 6Cl- +0.4 08044 6Cl- + | +4e | Oscig- + 4H, +110 Os0,} + 8H* +8e | Os} + 4H,0 +0.85 HOs0; ++ 4H,0 | +8¢ | 0s} + 90H- $0702 PY+ 3Ht +3e | PHs +0.06 P{ + 3H,O +3e | PH; }+ 30H- —0.89 HPO, +H +e | Pi*+ 2H,0 =0154 OF € Pi + 20H- —2.05 —0.50 —0.50 P —1.57 +0.38 —0.44 —0.39 94 HPO, “+ HO" 0.276 Hof + 30H- 1542 t xo Pb?* 1.8 Pb Fo'ss Pb} + 2Br- —0.274 Pb}+ COz- —0.506 Phy + 2 —0.266 Pb} + 2) —0.350 Pb) + 2! 0.364 Pb} + 20H- 0.58 Pb Pb} + 30H- 0:54 PbO | + 20H- +0128, 'b3+ + 2H,O 1.455 PbS0,} + 2H,0 F168 PbO}- + 20H- +0.2 Pb} + Ss? —0.91 Pb} + soz- =0356 Fal + 4CL 10-835 P — . Pd Pdciz- + 2cl- #1:29 Pd{ + 6Ci- . Pd(OH), } +2e | Pad] + 20H: +£0.07310 Table 40 (continued) iSympor Highest, degree Lowest degree of fele-| “of oxidation tne ‘oxtdation BO, Vv Pa | Pa(OH)e} +2e | Pd(OH),4 + 20H- | ~+0.73 Pie +2e | Pe ~H4.2 Ptcly- 2c | Pt} + aci- +0:73 pt | pecii- +}2e | prc + 2ci- +0:720 BUCH | +2e | Pt} + 20H- +015 PUOH)s} + 2H+] +2e | Pe} + 24,0 +0:98 Pus F8e | Puy 2.03, Putt +e | Pus +0:970 Pu | Puoge +e | puog 0.916 Pudlt + 4H* | +e | Put? + 2H,0 4:04 Pulm t +3e | Puy + 30H- = 2142 Pu(OH), -fe | Pu(OH),} + OH- 0:95 Ra | Rat | +2e | Ra} Rb | Rbe te | Rb} +e | Re- Foe Re- “$3e a on.0 +40 | Re] + Re F2e | Redz} + 2,0 +fe | Rog 4 an, 6 +3e | Red,) + 28,0 +3e | ReO,} + 40H- Rh Sr one |e | Bil Geo Rh Babs Ane + te" | Rhcis- + 2it,0 e RhO**+2H+ | +e | Rho + H,0 RhO}- + 6H*+ | +2e | Rho# + 3H,0 Ru +20 Buy RuCl, +3e | Ru} + 3cl- Rule f2e | Rutt 4 SCl~ RuGOH* + H+] fe | Ruch +H,0 Rud; Rud it Rude} +e | Rudg341 Table 40 (continued) Lowest degree of tne oxidation +2¢ | S3- +2e | HAS +3 | set +2¢ | 28cn- s Sbos + H,O +2e | Sbox + 204 Se [ see +3e | Se} Sod 4 2H +2e | H,Se t H,Se0, + 4H+ | +4e | Se} + 3H,0 Se0}- + 3H,O | +4e | Se H- Se0f- + 4H*. | +e | 11,800, + H,0 Se0? + H,0 | +2e | Seog + 2081- Si}-+ 4H* +4e Si} + 44,0 Si342 Table 40 (continued) [Symbol] Highest degree Lowest degree of ofele=| AyemSRaa Ee | tne Sataatfon Be, v sn*+ +2e | Sn —0.440 Sn‘ +2e | sn¥ $0.45 sn Sn** +4e | Sn +0.01 HSn0; + H,0 | +2e | Sn] + 30H- =0:94 sn(OH Hae | Hong f son-+ | 0.98 sr_ | sr +2e | Sr} 2.89 Ta | Ta,0,}+ 10H*+ | +10e| 2Ta} + 5H,O —0.84 “+ 2H +20 t 0.72 Te tae | Te2- 414 +4H+ | +4e | Tey + 21,0 0:53 te | Teo Buy | +4e | Tol + 2110 +058 Teo} +'3H,0 | +4e | Te} + 6ohi- —0:57 HeTeOat bH+ | +2e | Ted,| + 4H,O +102 Teoy- + HAO | +2e | Teol* + 2081- >10:4 th | The +4e | Th —1.90 Th(OH),} -+4e | Thy ++ 40H- 2.48 Tite +2e TiO, | + 4H* +4e t 2H,0 +4e i: HO Ti | TIO’ + 2H+ Tiow + 2H+ [te | Tie Yo Tit+ te TIF Tie | TY 4 oF- Tl te TIBr} +e | TY + Br- nm | TG +e | mit + a- 10 +e | m1] + on- Tie 2e | The Thos} + 38,0 | 142 | 2h + 6on- us +$3e | U Ue +e Bop $3 | Ut + sox: u ‘sor0 +4e u + 40H- te 0, + 2H,O vol +$2e | UO,} ob + ane | $25 | Ue onosymbot] richest ofele-| “OP URaaion® | tne vie +26 Ve 1 VO%+ + 2hy +e v vos +e VOt + 2H+ te VO$ + 4H+ +26 VO¢ + 4H+ +3e VOj + 4H* +5e VOj- + 6H+ +26 H,VOz + 4H*+ | +e Lowest de of oxidation Yi v3+ + HO vor V{ + 2H,0 vor 38,0 vos 3H,0 343 Table 40 (continued) 2H,0 a (wurtzitey ZnS ZrO** + 2H+ Zr0,} + 4H* H,Z10,} + H,0 | +4¢