Platzhalter fr Bild, Bild auf Titelfolie hinter das Logo einsetzen

The future role of broadcast in a world of wireless

broadband
Ulrich Reimers, 18 June 2015
Structure of my presentation

1. (Terrestrial) Broadcast and wireless broadband today

some observations
2. Our approaches to bridging solutions
3. Redundancy on Demand (RoD)
4. Dynamic Broadcast
5. Tower Overlay over LTE-A+ (TOoL+)
6. Conclusion

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 2/27
This is the world of terrestrial (TV) broadcast today it is
colourful (Source: www.dvb.org)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 3/27
In 2019 mobile video will be responsible for 72% of all mobile
data traffic?

Source: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/
visual-networking-index-vni/white_paper_c11-520862.html
18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 4/27
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are spectrum hungry and
will try to push terrestrial broadcast out of the UHF band?

In Germany, a spectrum
auction is currently under
way. It includes the 700
MHz band

On 12 June, after 134

rounds of auction the
three MNOs allowed to
participate have shown no
particular interest in the
700 MHz band

The amount of money

they offer is exactly the
minimum sum that the
regulator had defined
before the auction started

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 5/27
The crystal ball: Video coding in 2016
Using HEVC, in 2016 the following data rates should be realistic (aggressively defined, but
the numbers are supported by colleagues at Fraunhofer HHI)

For HDTV receivers of the living room type 5 Mbit/s video plus 0.8 Mbit/s for audio etc.
are required
=> 222 min. TV viewing per day leads to: 9.6 GByte/day, 290 GByte/month

For Tablet PCs with a retina display, 1 Mbit/s video plus 0.4 Mbit/s for audio etc. are
required
It is unclear how long people will watch video on tablets in the future
=> 1 hour requires 630 MByte
=> 1 hour per day every day requires 18.9 GByte/month

With a view to the fact that true flat rate tariffs are a dying species: What will be cost
implications for the user if (wireless) broadband will have to deliver these amounts of data?

Another question arises: Will people really watch Live video on portable devices? If
classical terrestrial broadcast should no longer be available, the answer is: Yes
18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 6/27
If Live video on Tablet PCs and other portable devices is
required, then:
One or more of the following network technologies will have to do the job:
WiFi for all of us, this is an extremely important delivery network technology based on a
fixed Internet connection. WiFi experiences congestion in many built-up areas
Long Term Evolution (LTE) in unicast mode
LTE with eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service)
A bridging solution combining the best of the (terrestrial) broadcast and the wireless
broadband worlds

Is the following scenario completely unrealistic?

Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo
In Germany, eight parallel Live video streams @ 1.4 Mbit/s each are requested by
viewers in 2/3 of the 30.000 network cells of each of the 3 mobile network operators

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 7/27
My team and I in Braunschweig
continue doing research on traditional broadcast systems such as DVB-T2 (specializing
on the reception in high speed environments such as cars and trains) and ATSC 3.0
But our main focus is on bridging solutions bridging the gap between wireless
broadband and broadcast systems
Our first proposal is Dynamic Broadcast
Our second proposal is the Tower Overlay over LTE-A+ (TOoL+)
Our third proposal is Redundancy on Demand (RoD)

Why bridging solutions? We are aware of:

The rather dramatic increase of video consumption in mobile data networks
The increasing pressure on terrestrial broadcast spectrum (really?)
The growing popularity of mobile devices such as Tablet PCs
The loss of importance of classical terrestrial broadcast (at least in Germany)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 8/27
We are able to realise our systems via Software Defined Radio
and meanwhile we are able to achieve live quality

Example: An in-car receiver for DVB-T2

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 9/27
Approach No. 1: Dynamic Broadcast
Dynamic Broadcast assumes that classical terrestrial broadcast is maintained and that the
viewers continue to enjoy the traditional viewing comfort
Dynamic Broadcast retains the dominant role of broadcasters in defining their program
schedules
Despite accepting these two boundary conditions, Dynamic Broadcast makes spectrum
availabe for wireless broadband
The fundamental concept behind Dynamic Broadcast is the time-multiplexed allocation of
spectrum

One positive effect of Dynamic Broadcast is the fact, that TV White Spaces now are
managed actively

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 10/27
Approach No. 2: Tower Overlay over LTE-A+ (TOoL+)
TOoL+ enables a joint and and co-timed use of spectrum by both classical terrestrial
broadcast and wireless broadband networks without being tied to the existence of
classical terrestrial broadcast since that may disappear over time
At the same time we assume that mobile devices with high-quality displays (e.g. Tablet
PCs) will be able to present live-HQ-video. We are convinced that cellular technologies
will not be able to offer these services in an economically acceptable way where
acceptable relates to both the cost for network operators and for the end customers.
And we assume that broadcast tuners will not be implemented in Smartphones and
Tablets in a large scale. One reason? The plurality of broadcast standards (Sorry! DVB-H,
DVB-SH, DVB-NGH, and MediaFLO told us a lesson)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 11/27
Approach No. 3: Redundancy on Demand
With this approach we support classical terrestrial broadcast networks in times of ever
tighter spectrum ressources and of increasing interference
The coverage area of a classical terrestrial broadcast network is extended (for instance for
deep indoor reception). If the signal quality of the terrestrial broadcast signal is insufficient,
the receiver pulls some redundancy information via (wireles or fixed) broadband network.
This approach was jointly developed by Sony and TUBS

By the way: Our systems have been introduced in the DVB-Project

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 12/27
Structure of my presentation

1. (Terrestrial) Broadcast and wireless broadband today some observations

2. Our approaches to bridging solutions
3. Redundancy on Demand (RoD)
4. Dynamic Broadcast
5. Tower Overlay over LTE-A+ (TOoL+)
6. Conclusion

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 13/27
Redundancy on Demand (RoD)
State of the art TV receivers are equiped with both broadcast (terrestrial, cable, satellite)
frontends AND broadband network interfaces (Ethernet, WiFi )
So far, the media content is either received via the broadcast OR via the broadband interface
RoD extends the coverage of terrestrial TV broadcast by use of the broadband network
The RoD receiver requests redundancy via the broadband network if the transinformation on
the broadcast network is insufficient. Redundancy may be single FEC packets
A primary target of RoD is optimizing indoor reception in metropolitan areas
Convergence of broadcast and broadband happens on the physical layer

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 14/27
The RoD system
A RoD server generates the required redundancy data
A RoD receiver requests redundancy if required and decodes the broadcast signal with
support by the RoD data
As shown in the diagram, RoD is backwards compatible
Yes, buffering is required in the RoD receiver in order to compensate for the request cycle
(for typically 200 ms)
Since DVB-T2 uses Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) only the redundancy for the PLP actually
watched needs to be delivered

Sync. &
de-fram.
De-
modulation
Channel
de-coding
De-
MUX
Off the shelf
Empfnger 1 TV receiver
Channel
MUX Modulation Framing
coding

Modulator
Sync. & De- Channel De-
de-fram. modulation de-coding MUX
RoD server
Re
qu
es
t
Re
du
n
da dan
ta t
RoD
RoD client
TV receiver
Empfnger 2

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 15/27
 The RoD system already field tested in the DVB-T2 network
in Berlin in 2015

RoD server GUI RoD receiver GUI

Display SDR-Frontend
RoD server + DVB-T2 DVB-T2 of the RoD
DVB-T2 gateway modulator receiver receiver
(off the shelf) RoD receiver
18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 16/27
The graphical user interface of the RoD receiver tells the
whole story

By the way: in the field trial in Berlin we used LTE for delivering RoD data to an in-car RoD receiver

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 17/27
Now let us create a more radical approach: Broadcast and
broadband networks cooperate above the physical layer
Why does all content have to be broadcasted even if only few people watch it? Let us
deliver the long tail over broadband and save cost on the broadcast network

With a view to the storage capacity available in the receivers, not all content needs to be
transmitted in real time since some of it can be pre-transmitted and (securely) stored for
presentation at the on-air time decided by the broadcaster. And: content that will be
repeated will not have be transmitted again

This is where Dynamic Broadcast comes into the picture

Dynamic Broadcast frees capacity on the broadcast channels and thus gives broadcasters
the chance to distribute additional virtual channels

Dynamic Broadcast enables a dynamic use of TV spectrum and thereby supports the use
of White Space devices in spectrum managed by the broadcaster

At least in certain countries broadcast network operators can make dual use of the TV
spectrum by operating wireless broadband networks inside their own spectrum
18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 18/27
Popularity distribution of TV events an example
The example used here are two DVB-T multiplexes in operation in Germany: Each carries
four TV channels (programmes)

TV channel Viewer number

8

7
Broadcast
Mux No. 2 6
5

3
Broadcast
Mux No. 1 2
1
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Time in one day (hour)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 19/27
Overview of the Dynamic Broadcast system

Important: The
viewers will not
notice any
difference in
comparison to
traditional TV
broadcast

Broadcast media content

RF transmission
Control channel

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 20/27
Dynamic Broadcast requires/offers new degrees of freedom
In order to make broadcast network structures dynamic some or all of the following
degrees of freedom will be exploited dynamically over time:

Choice of live broadcast or of content pre-download or of local replay of repeat content

Choice of delivery network (broadcast or broadband)
Multiplex configurations of the broadcast network
Channel allocations in the broadcast network
Transmission parameters of the broadcast network

We first demonstrated the system live at IFA Berlin 2012

(May be, this approach is a bit too radical?)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 21/27
Tower Overlay over LTE-A+ (TOoL+): The concept
Both LTE and LTE eMBMS are based on a more or less dense cellular infrastructure
which we believe is too costly for the delivery of popular media content
In our system, popular video services
are provided on a dedicated carrier
via a Tower Overlay over the
cellular network
The overlay becomes
part of the LTE-A+ network
by means of LTE-A+ carrier
aggregation to ensure simultaneous
provision of unicast, eMBMS, and
broadcast services

The LTE-A+ Smartphone or Tablet does

not have to be equipped with a broadcast
frontend to receive the signal

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 22/27
The LTE-A+ signals are embedded in Future
Extension Frames provided by DVB-T2 (and by ATSC 3.0)

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 23/27
LTE-A+ signals? Look at this spectrum

8 MHz (DVB-T2)

5 MHz (LTE-A+)

554 MHz

This is LTE-A+ at 5 MHz. We can also show LTE-A+ at 8 MHz

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 24/27
 TOoL+ has already been field-tested in Paris in 2015 and is on
air in the Aosta Valley in Italy (and in Braunschweig)
Two independent DVB-T2 and LTE-A+ network components, sharing a broadcast
frequency

DVB-T2
modulator
TV

DVB-T2 HDTV
Linear/non linear content

Tablet
LTE-A+ LTE-A+
VoD modulator receiver
WiFi
Transmitter

This diagram was designed by Pierre Bretillon, TDF

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 25/27
In-car reception of TOoL+ in the Aosta Valley

Our RAI colleagues receiving the LTE-A+ component in a car moving through Aosta

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 26/27
Conclusion
With the availability of DVB-T2, terrestrial broadcast networks have reached a fabulous
efficiency and performance. ATSC 3.0 promises to provide similar quality

Despite such excellence, terrestrial broadcast is challenged by a variety of alternative

ways to deliver media content and by the ever-growing importance of media-capable
portable devices such as Smartphones and Tablet PCs

More than ever before operators of terrestrial broadcast networks need to define long-
term strategies in a fast developing media world in which even their right to use spectrum
eclusively may no longer be guranteed

At the same time Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are facing a video avalanche which
may jeopardize their current business models

This is why my team and I are determined to offer new approaches for terrestrial media
distribution come and join us

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 27/27
Thank you
for your attention!

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Reimers

u.reimers@tu-bs.de

18 June 2015 | U. Reimers | Broadcast and broadband BMSB 2015 Ghent | 28/27