Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bucing Khantohna Le Picing Ki-Ukna
Bucing Khantohna Le Picing Ki-Ukna
BUCING KHANTOHNA
LE
PICING KI-UKNA
Kyaukthada Township
Yangon, Myanmar.
Thumasa
Khen nihna ahih leh picing ki-ukna (good governance) lam hipha
diak hi. Zomite sungah makaihna (leadership) lam tawh kisai laibu
hoih om khin a, ahi zongin Kawl gam-ah democracy ki-ukna zat kipat
teh mi tampi-in dan thak tawh kituak-in ki-uk theih nading, thu
vaihawmna picing semsem theih nading veina tawh hanciam in ka
gelh ahi hi.
Lungdampihna
pen a kiteel ahih manin a awh a dal om het lo-in a hun a cin ciangin
zawhna lukhu neel kai (Ph.D) hong ngah ding a, i Zomi nam sung
bek hilo, i Kawlgam bup ah hong palhkhia ding i makai nuam pen
khat hong hi ding hi.
Manlahna tampi kawmkal ah a mipihte hong vei luat manin hi
bang laibu hoih hong gelhkhia Sia Lianpi tungah i minam bup in
lungdamna lei tampi i ba hi. Tua i leibatte i lohzawhna ding lampi
khat om a, tua in hih laibu innkim ah nei-in A Bucing Khantohna
deih ing a ci peuhmah in i sim tek ding ahi hi. Tua hileh laigelh pa
lungtup i khawng ngah pen ding hi.
I biak Tung Pasian in a minam-te vei-in laibu hoih mahmah khat
hong gelhkhiatsak laigelhpa Sia Pau Sian Lian (Lianpi) leh a gelhkhiat
laibu thupha hong piaksakin Zomite Bucing Khantohna le Picing Ki-
ukna mun hong tunpih takpi tahen! ci-in thupha paihin hih ka
lungdamkohna (Thumasa) ka hial bawl hi.
Lungdam takin
Lungdam kohna
Ka laite hong endik sak bek tham lo, thu hong ngetsak-in
hong panpih den ka pianna ka nu-le-pa, Rev Dr Kham Khen Mang
le Nu Man Lun Niangte a kipan vai khempeuh ah hong gimpih den
pianpih sanggam teng le innkuanpihte tungah zong ka lung a dam
mahmah hi.
Lianpi
12/8/2015
Behlapna
Hih laibu online pan hawm ma-in laimal te hong sitpih, laigual
dan hong puahsak le pdf version tawh a simnuam pen thei dingin
hong leptuahsak Dr Nem Khan Dim (Research fellow at Tokyo
University) tungah zong ka lungdam mahmah hi.
Lianpi
13/1/2017
Zon-olna
Thumasa ...................................................................... 3
Lungdampihna ............................................................. 4
Lungdam kohna ............................................................ 6
KHEN KHAT NA ( BUCING KHANTOHNA) .................... 10
Khantoh Nadingin a Khangto Lungsim........................ 11
A Hoihzaw Ngaihsutna ............................................... 14
Myanmar, Zogam le Zomite Zawnna .......................... 17
Gam Haute A Hauh Semsemna Uh . . . ........................ 22
Hawmsiam Nungta Nebum Puksi................................ 26
Gamdang ah Sumzonna le Khantohna ........................ 31
Kibatlohna, Kikupkhopna le Khantohna ...................... 35
Kilemlohna le Khantohna ........................................... 39
Tangpi Khantohnading ............................................... 44
Khanna, Khantohna le Kiginna ................................... 48
Gammite Nopsakna Tehna ......................................... 51
Zogam Khuapi Suahsakna .......................................... 55
Zawnna Khiapna Geelna(ZKG) .................................... 58
Hunthak Numei le Khantohna ..................................... 64
KHEN NIHNA (PICING KI-UKNA) ................................ 77
Makai Hoih le Ki-ukna Hoih ........................................ 78
A Ithuai Thu Lamdang Muhthakna.............................. 84
Leitung ah Khialhna Nam 7 ........................................ 87
Sumtawh Kileitheilo ................................................... 89
Leitung ah Thumanna Om nading ............................... 93
Kuate in Politic ah Kihelthei? ..................................... 966
Khan Kumsawt Democracy ......................................... 99
KHEN KHATNA
BUCING KHANTOHNA
A Hoihzaw Ngaihsutna
Kumpi-in 2015 teh zawnna 16% ahih dong khiap zawh nang
hanciam ding cih gen hi. 1987 kum-in UNten leitung bupah
gamzawng pen (least developed country) sazian ah Kawlgam hong
helna uh pan 2015 teh paikhia ding. Tu laitak mikhat ngah khasum
a zah (3) khangsak zo ding cih a tum uh hingeu hi.
ding, Asiate Aksipi (Asia Star) a ci tawh, Sen (China) gam bangin
khangto mahmah thei ding hi, cih bang liangin hong kilamen na hi
mawk hi.
Paul Collier Kumpi mei mahmah a hoih nading kin masak huai
hi. Africa gamlamte khantohnate pan zong sintheih ding tam
mahmah hi.
1) Kumpi mei mah hong hoih limlim photleh tua-in vai haksatna
tampi hong zawhpih ding hi.
2) Education care le health care kinang lua hi. Khuata lamah
zato neih sunsunte na ngawnah siavuan kinei zolo hi.
Sumlut tam gamte sungah set tawh nasem phadiak gamte kihel
hi. Hih gamte pen setvan tawh kilumletna tuihualpi (industrial
revolution) ah limtak a peek man gamte ahi uh hi. Hih gamte-in
leitung maitang i 25% ah teeng uhin, leitung bup mipi 15% pha uh
hi. A bupun vanzuak vanleina ultungsak gamte (market driven) ahih
manun, sum bawlpih zawl neitek uh hi. Hih khen khatna sungah gam
mipihte khak sum phazah tawh kikim linlian summalte kumpi in zong
lam tawhna, sang lamna-ah zatkhiat dingin kamciam pia pah ekek
uh hi.
Mipi makai Daw Aung San Suu Kyi mahmah zong kum (20) val
khitteh gamdang ah a zin masak pen penna Thai gamah, Kawlgam
mi sum thalawhte kiang va hawhin, thapiakna le vai lianpi honkhat
va vaansak hi. President Thein Sein zat mipil Winston Set Aung
(economic advisor president) in zong Kawlgam tawh kisai reasearch
tampi a bawlna tung tawnin gamdangah sum thalawhna pen hoih hi
ci-in thukim mahmah hi. Kumpite lampan gamdang ah sum thalawh
nuamte a huh zawh pah zuahzuah kei zongin passport vai a kipan
vai tuamtuam ah a manlang theipen vai hawmsakin nawng kaisak
loh ding thupi hi.
Ama genzah tak bilbel in Kawlgam pen pau le ham, meel le sa,
tun le tong, dan le zia, upna le biakna tuamtuam tampi tak kigawm
nianua, kihel zau, om khawm ziazua mah hi. Tuma kum (5) vallai-
in Dr Simon Pau Khan En in a thugenna, lai-in ka simkik khak khat-
ah kumzalom 21 ah Pasian nasemte phutkhak ding tonapi
(challenge) nih in- (1) globalization hi a, a (2) na-in biakna
tuamtuam kam kikup khopna hi, cihdan khat ka sim khangei hi. A
laimal tiktek ka mangngilh a, a thu pen tuadan khat ahi hi.
Kilemlohna le Khantohna
(Conflict and Development)
Hih gamten bang kibatna nei-uh hiam? A sawt lua nailo-hun lai-
in, hih gamte in gamsung buaina, tualgal, kilemlohna, ki galbawlna,
gam vai-in gamlum gawpnate hangin lamet omlohna gamte ahihkeh
a kitambaih (fragile) gamte uh a hihi. A nungkik, a nungleh ding
gamte-in kiciamteh hi. Tun a hihleh, tua gamte vekpi phial-in
kilemlohnate nawkkhia zo-in, a dai hithiat mahmah gamte cih
dinmun tungto zo uhhi.
Hih dotna tawh kisai a kan dingin World Bankten July kha 2009
kum-in mipil honkhat Africa, Europe, Latin America, Asia nisuahna
saklam a om gamte, Pacific gamte, Afaghanistan gam le Nepal gamte
ah kumnih sung bang khahkhia in kilemlohna, patauh venna le
khantohna thu va kansak uhhi. A muhna uh thu kicing takin a thei
nuamten World Bankte hawm World Development Report (2011) ah
kisim theih hi.
Tua laibu sungah World Bankte thupit sak diakin, Mipite patauh
venna (security) nei sakin, thuman lohnate (injustice) puahpha-in,
nasep (jobs) te zonsak theih na dingin hanciam huai masa pen hi.
Ki-uksiamna le ki-ukna innpite tak suah sak-in (institution
legitimate)a khauhpai ding kul dinghi. Hih mipite kisap nate kinbawl
kha kei le hang gamsung buaina, kilemlohnate om tawntung dinghi,
cihhi.
Kilem kei le hang Pasian longal midang, gam dang a dah lua
taktak om khollo hi. Gam tuamtuamten ih kilem lohna pan meetna
a ngahna dingun hong encik simden uh a hihi. A tunga kigelh
suplawhnate pen supna tam pi lakpan tawmkhatbek ahih lam ih
theihkim teksa a hihi. Muhtheihloh supna-ah ki-itna, kimuan na,
kithutuahna, lungnopnate kisum hi. A sih lawhte, a khate-uh
pammaih danbel gen theihloh hi.
Tua ahih manin, Topa aw, ka gam uh hong cidam sakin (Lord
heal our land) ci-in, Pasian tokhom mai-ah ih thumthum ding a hihi.
Tangpi Khantohnading
(Towards Social development)
bawlna vai-in ka zin zeelna pan ka theihkhak thute kong sung nuam
hi.
Vaimim ciang nangawn zong tudong mah sum mah tawh a kisusu
hi lai hi. Tua mun ah mihing thatang bei lo-in mihing tha tawh nibup
a kisemte settha tawh minute 10 in a kizo thei lua ta hi. Set tawh
nasem theile hang kum 70, 80 a phasa pitek putekte nangawn in
olno takin na tampi a sem thei lai uh suak hi. Mi khempeuh mannei,
kizang thei ding hihang. Zogam ah a kigen thei zeel mahmah thu
khat in, i gamah vaimin bek tuh thapai lo-in gam-le-lei tawh a kilem,
a kisuan thei, sumsuak thei ding adang khaici hoih nono bangteng
om hiam cih gam tuamtuam a om mipihten hong zonsak zo leh cih
pen hong thupi simsim hi.
Thu nihna ah, van zuakna phual (market) zong i zon kul hi. Zong
ding i hiam ahih keh bawltawm in mi kizuan sak ding i hiam cih khat
hi ding hi. Ih Zogam ah tu laitak lenggah, zawngtah, elephant food
yam (kawllai - wahuh) cihte mun dang pan broker (pwesar) ten hong
tan zeel uh hi. Hi theileh ei-ngiat in pwesarte kullo in van zuakna
phual ngiat ah direct in vazuak theile hang sum meet tampi kingah
beh ding hi.
Tua ahih leh market i cih vanzuakna phual dong i vante a tun
theihna dingin bangteng kisam hiam?
1. Sang pilna (school) kisam hi. Laisim theilo, ganan tuat theilo
khat in van manpha tampi a nei zongin zatsiam theilo ding hi.
Tua ahih manin sum le pai i deih mahmah ta zongin pilna a
hiciang khatmah i zonkul ding hi (ahihkeh) pilna zontheih nading
i panpih kul hi.
4. Sumbul leitawi theih (credit) zatpak theih ding zong i neih huai
hi. Vai tampi ah nasep i kipat nop hangin sumbul nei kei lehang
kitang thei mahmah lo hi. A meet tamlua lak loh (zong lalo phial),
sumbul zattheih nang vaihawm huai mahmah hi. Yangon
khuasung lamgei ah Rakhine an zuak numei khat a sai kipat dan
ka dot leh amah zong a tungin sum neilo pimah, sai hon zawh
nadng Rakhine Associationte kiang sum na kileitawi theidan hi.
Kawlgam sum 150, 000 ks leitawi khitteh sai neu khat a kipat
leh kha 2 sungin loh kikzo-in amah le amah sai nei nu suakziau
mawk hi. Ei kiangah zong a dan hoihtak in hihsiam lehang hih
Tua bang khat mahin ei Zomite phadiak bang gam le vai huihnun
dan hong kikhel mahmahin, gamvai (politics) ah zong suak tatakin
kihel theih hun hong tung ahihmanin midangte ukna nuai,
zawhthawhna nuai, nopnehna nuaiah i ki pekpek nop kei a leh
Political Science pilnate zong sang kician mah-ah limtakin sinhuai
mahmah ta hi. Tua hi keileh tu mahmah zongin hong kinopnehna
tam mahmah ta hi. Tuhun pen thatang tawh kidemna, thatang
vangneihna hard power hun hi nawnlo-in, pil kiukiauna, ciim
khinkhian na, khuak taina smart power hun hita hi.
Hih GNH thu sakhi tuinek pan pan hile hang, Bhutan gam
kumpi King Jigme Singye Wangchuch in 1972 in a patkhiat
ngaihsutna ahi hi. Ama` deihna bulpi, GNH omna a hang bulpi in
gammite nuntak nopsakna taktak (quality of life) et nang hi-in, sum-
le-pai bek tawh kiteh tha- paihna kicing salo hi. Sum-le-pai
khantohna le lungsim cidamna a tonkhop keileh khantohna taktak
hilo hi. Mihingte nuntakna-ah thupi pen-in hauhna hi masa lo zaw-
in cidam nopsakna hi zaw hi, cih ahi hi.
Adang deihna khat-ah hih GNH pen biakna (Kha mitna) tawh
zong na ki zom hi. Bhutan gam phadiak pen Buddhist gamah a
khauhpai pawl hi-in, biakna mi lehang lungnopna om hi, cih zong a
lahnop man ahi hi. Zogam, Zomite zong a nungta Pasian um
Chrisitan i hih man-in sum-le-pai lam-ah a zawng pente i hihhang,
Pasian i -upna hangin nopsak lungnopna lam i khangto cih lunglut
huai kasa mahmah hi. Lem leh bang Zogam ngiatah hih thu kantelna
(research) sephuai kasa hi.
GNH tehna piciang sungah a thupi pen a ki-en thu 9 om hi. Tua
teng zangin gam tuamtuam kiteh thei hi. GNH a piangsak tua khuam
(9) te en dih ni.
5. Cidamna (Health)
Cidamna a ki-et teh, gammi bup cidamna dinmun, cidam
kikepna zia cihte a kipan, mi bangzah khut cinglo khe cinglo,
pumpi cinglo om-in, mipite a pumpi thaulua (obesity) cih bang
om hiam cihte nangawn zong ki-en hi. Tua bek thamlo, HIV a
kipan natna lauhuai tuamtuam tawh kisai mipite` thutheihna
zong ki-en in, cina kibawlna zato phazahte zong ki-en hi.
Tua ahih leh bang hangin hih zahta-in kithehthang ziazua i hiam
cih ka dot leh, khanglui i pu-le-pate kilem lo, kitawng, kinuak, kido,
gal lau, galtai, cih thute hang hi pipen hi. Hih kilemlohna thu gen ta
dih ding bel hikei-in, Zogam khantoh nading lam tampi tak sung pan
ka ngaihsutteh hih ki thehthang ziazua khua neuneute limtak
geelsiam-in gawmkhawm theileng cih hi mai hi. Tua hih zole hang
phatuamna, hamphatna tampitak hong om kha dingin ka lamen hi.
hong khang semsem ding hi. Sumbuk zong hong tam thei ding
hi. Tua lo sumbawl theih nading lampi tampi om lai-in teh.
Tua bangmah-in hih pen a thu-in gen a baih hang sepna taktak
lam-ah baihngial lo ding hi. Kumpi lamte mahmah zong hih
urbanization lam a kiva tawm kha ding hi. Tua ahih man-in kha 1
sung in kikhin hamtang ding cihdan, sun khatthu zan khat thu-in
hih biangbuang lopthop hih theih hilo-in, hih khuapi lamzia a sin
taktak, a siamte tawh kum 3,5,7 planning kigin masak huai hi. A
kinusia khua a om leitang zatdan vai zong buaipi khat hong om
ding hi. Kumpi-in mihau, sum nei khatpeuh zuak ziau cih bang,
thautawi kipawlna khatpeuh buk tomsak cihbang, mipite upna
tawh kituak lo biakna dangte sang le innmun ding peuh in a zatsim
loh ding hong thupi mahmah ding hi.
Hih ZKG ah kikhial mun khat leuleu in, huam gen lehang
mizawng cihziauh na sungah hamphatna khatpeuh lunggulh man-
in mi tampi kiguang kha theihi. Mizawng cih tehna piciang hoih ih
neih khitteh tua pen mah siksan den-in, deih bawl, deihlak, cih
bangin kuamah ki pumdeihsak huai lohi. Adiakdiak in a zawng
gamte ah gamtatsiatna (corruption) tam-in, tua corruption tamna
ah hihbang kipum deihsak nate uang sehi. Tuahih manin mizawng
cihte siangtak-in teh, muhkhiat ding thupi mah bang-in, tuate a
sitding, a mun a phual taktak-ah a teelkhia ding kua, cih zong ong
thupi kan dinghi.
Zawnna pen a zung pan longkhia-in ih bot loh phamawh hi. Tua
zungpi te-in sum lut neihlohna, sum suakthei van neihlohnate a
hihi. Tua hihman in ZKG nasep in sum-le-pai ngahna nasepna a hih
hamtang kulhi. Tangpi khantohna (community development) nasep
na-ah cidam kikepna, pil sinna, dawn tui lakna, lampi sialna cihte
thupi mahhi. Ahi zongin, huanding neilo meikhu paisuak innte,
mipite ading hih nasep te-in kiallap lohi. Tua ahih manin sum
ngiatmah a lut nasep ih geelsak ding kulhi.
2000 kum lai pek in US innkuan lai (Census) ah a ki-et teh nupa
thum sung pan khat in a zi khasum tawh a pasal le inn kuanpih vak
hi. Papi in innah a tate kem uh a, a zite uh zumkah zaw hi. 1924
kum in US nupi 87% in innah a tawmpen nai (4) hun la-in inn na
sem uh hi. 1977 kumin 43% kiamsuk han in, 1999 kum teh 14%
hisuk lai hi. Pilna siamna khanna le sum le pai zatna hamsat semsem
man hangin innkuan le tate vak nadingin numeiten a pualam
nasepkhiatna a neih uh kilim nial ngam nawnlo hi. Gammite ngiat in
zong nupi sa a pualam nasep neihna a khan hanhanna pen siatmuh
nawnlo-in, phal mahmah ta-uh hi.
1995 laipek in Virginia Slims poll ah a ki-et teh numei guk pan
khat, pasal nga pan khat in numeiten a tate kepkawm-in a pualam
ah na a sep uh phallo uh hi. Thum pan khat in phal mahmah uh a, a
dangten bel numeite thuthu hiziau cilel uh hi. 1997 kum teh nasep
nei ta neisa nupa sawm pan kua in ka lung uh kim mahmah lel cita
uh hi. Nupi khat-in ko buaipih pen numeiten a pualam na sem ding
maw, semlo ding cih hi tadih peuhmah kei-in, a pualam nasep
kawmmah in tate koi cih leng hoih takin kikhansuah thei ding hiam?,
cih hizaw na ci hi.
Tua hang mahin mipite nuntakna zong a hoihlo lamin susia veve
hi. Ta pasal khat bek nei uh ahih man in, a ta khatbek neih sutte uh
it-in thupit bawllua-uh ahi manin, a ta pasal uh pen lungtang khauh,
kiphasak-in, kumpi neu (little emperor) ci-in kisam phialmawk hi.
A mo ding uh zong omlo ahih manin gam veng Kawlgam a kipan gam
tuamtuam ah a honhon-in zi zong, mo zongin buai mahmah in,
buaina tam piangsak mahmah hi.
Numeite gou le gamh kiluah sak lo hi. Numeite kima thei hi. A
diakdiak-in tudong mah Zomi tampitakte-in numei lellel cih
kammal tawh numeite tung lungsim ngongtatna (mental violence)
kilimzat mahmah lai hi. Numeiten bang sem nuam?, bang uk?, bang
deih? Bang sin nuam? , cihte a kipan kua ngai?, kua tawh kiteeng
ding? cihte ah nu le pa ten a teelsakna uh khauh pai lai mahmah
hi.
Kipawlna tampi-ah khuanu khuapa (myo mi, myo pha) kici napi-
in pasalte bek kihel den mai hi. Beh le phung tutkhopna khat
Patauh huaithu
Zomiten numeite tawh kisai-in hih gou le gamh luahna, khang
kisimna cihte i buai pihpih laitak, amau tawh khang kisim kei, numei
sum mu theite kiphasak lua i cihcih laitak-in minam dang gamdang
numeiten Hlutdaw sung khawngah na kihel ziahziah ta, vuanzi
khawng na sem, kumpite ngaihsutpia khawngin na kihel ziahziah ta
uh hi. Mikang, mivom sungah Kawlpau, Mikangpau-in thu gen-in, na
kipei ziahziah ta uh hi. Kawllak, mikang lakah zong sum bawl-in na
leng ziahziah ta uh hi. Tua laitak ei Zomi numeite pen inn sungah
anhuan, innphiat ciangbek in i koih khak ding ka patau simsim hi.
Ngeina cih pen tangthu sung, khang laibu sung, ngeina la
sungbek-ah om hilo-in, nisim i ngaihsutna pen ngeina hong suak lel
hi. I ngaihsut dan, zia ahi ngeina sungah mihing a khangto saklo, a
khaktan, a nengniam, a hen, ngaihsutna limlim laih kul hi. Mihing
mah ahi numeite mailam khantoh nading a khaktan ngaihsutna,
ngeina te zong phiathuai hi.
Thukhupna
Zogam pen Kawlgam ah a zawngpen gam hi-in, mipi bup pan 73.3%
pen zawnna piciang nuai-ah kiom lai hi. Khasim i ngah zah sum
khempeuh lak pan 75% pen an le meh lian-in a kizang hi-in, a
diakdiakin buh leina-in kizang hi. Tua nangawn zong a lim a al, cidam
nading hi peuhmah lo-in, sihkham na ciangbek ahi hi. Tua ahih
manin Zomi, Zosuan taten a bucing khantohna taktak i ngah
nadingin numeite kihelna lo tawh kitangtung theilo ding hi. Kinusia
theilo hi. Zomi numeite zong hih gam ki-ukna hunthak ah meidawi,
lungneu den keei nawnlo-in, Pasian ading, gam le minam nopsak
theih nadingin hangsan tak-in paungam, phungam, sepngam kul hi.
References:
KHEN NIHNA
PICING KI-UKNA
Makai Hoih
Makai hoih tawh kisai-in
tehna piciang nam tampi mah
om hi. Tua lak-ah Sen thuthuk
ngaihsun mipil Lao-tzu in a
muhkhiat makai nam (4)te
thu i en dinghi. Lao-tzu
genna-ah, Makai hoih
penpente pen a om lamuh
zong mipiten phawk kha
pakpak meello hi. Makai hoih
cih ciangte bel mipiten phat-in pahtawi uh hi. Adang pawlkhatte
mipiten kihta-in, a suksia pente bel mipiten hua uh hi. Makai hoih
penten nasep a gualzawh uhteh, mipiten i nasep khop ngeingai zo
ngawngaw hang-ei ci hi. cih bangin makai hoih le hoihlote dan na
khen dimdiam hi.
Ki-ukna hoih cih kammal pen a diakdiakin khantohna tawh kisai
lai tuamtuamte ah kilim muh phadiak hi. Bang hang hiam cihleh ki-
uk khialhna, ki-ukna hoihlote in mite sungah siatna a piangsak
ngitngetna, na hoihlote zungpi ahi hi. Gam tuamtuam a om, kipawlna
tuamtuam, huhna pia kawikawi kipawlnaten huhna apiak dingte,
huhna a ngah dingte ki-ukna a hoih le a hoihlo et masakin nei
pelmawh den uh hi.
Ki-ukna
Ki-ukna in thu khensat sepna lampi (process of decision-
making) le tua thu khensatte taksuah sakna (a hihkeh tak suahsak
lohna) ahi hi. Veng hausa sepna, beh makai sepna, khua makaihna,
gambup kumpi sepna cih bangin ki-ukna pen mun tuamtuam ah
kizang thei hi.
Ki-ukna Hoih
Ki-ukna hoih khat ngah theih nadingin a kihel kim hamtang
ding thudik pi nam (8) om hi. Tuate in, kihel theihna (participatory),
ipsim tuam neihlohna (transparency), tavuan lakna (responsive),
mabutna le vaitam zawhna (effective and efficient), kikimna le mikim
huamna (equitable and inclusive) leh thukhunte ukna (rule of law)
cihte ahi hi.
Hih thu (8) te a om nakleh kua makai peuhmah ut bangin
pheng gamtat thei lo-in, golhguk nekna zong kiamtuam mahmah ding
hi. Mi citawmte zong kipampaih thei nawnlo dingin, mi namneute
thugente zong thu khensat nasep sepna-ah limtak-in kingaihsak ding
hi. Tangpite zingvai kisapna le mailam ah a pelmawh ding thute
tavuan kilaksak ding hi.
Tua bek thamlo-in hih thute tangpi tangta theihsak teh thu
vuicing takin theihsak ding leh tua thute mipi a kua maciatte tel baih
theih pen dingin sut siam ding kisam hi.
Atamzaw
Asia apha
santheih
puakngamna
Mabutna le Kikimna le
ultunsakna Huamkimna
Thu khupna
A tunga kikupnate hangin ki-ukna hoih taktak neih ding a hamsa
veve, kicing takin sepzawh ding pen sunmang bek dan tawh hong
kibang hi. Ahi zongin khang tampi a kip a kho khantohna ngah theih
nadingin bangzah ta-in haksa tase mahleh hih ki-ukna hoihte
zangkhia-in taksuah sak tawntung zawh nading hanciam huai hi.
Sumtawh Kileitheilo
Ahi zongin sum tawh kisai ngaihsut huai mahmah thu phawl khat
om hi. Harvard University a professor sem, thumanna, diktatna
(justice, morality) cih thute a hilhcian Michael Sandel in sum tawh
kisai khenkakna khat nei hi. Tuate nih-in market economy le market
society cih ahi hi. Summet bawlna le mihon kithuahna-ah metbawlna
cih dan ahi hi. Market economy cih summet bawlna ahih leh gam khat
peuhpeuh khantohna, hauhna, cihtheih nopsakna a ngah nadingin zat
loh phamawh vanzat (tool) khat ahi hi. Vanlei vanzuakna leh gam
khat-in sum-le-pai a hauh nop leh adang gam tuamtuamte tawh
kizom kikawm-in summet a bawl kul hi.
Bang hang hiam cihleh sum tawh a kilei theilo, sum tawh man a
kiciangtan theilo pawlkhat na om hi. Summet bawlna (market
economy) lam ah bel demand and supply, incentive cih theory
tuamtuam te thupi mah hi. Ahi zongin mipi kithuahna ah tuate lem
den lo hi. Kikhial thei hi. Hih vai tawh kisai thu piang taktak pawlkhat
en ni. Switzerland gamah meitha lakna nuclear power a neihna
hangun buaina khat tuak uh a, nuclear setzung pan a paikhia ninte a
paih nading uh mun mulo-in buai mahmah uh hi. Mihingte cidamna
susia thei ahih manin kua mah-in amau huangah paih ding phallo hi.
A tawpna ah kumpiten tua ninte paih nading a tamzawte ading
patauh tawm pen leh mun lem pen ding a zon uh teh mualtung khat
a om khua neu khat mu khia-uh hi.
Tua ahih manin khua mite` phalna a nget uh leh tua khua miten
altruism (midangte ading khualna) lungsim tawh amau ading patauh
huai mah taleh khua mibup lak pan 51% in phal uh hi. Tua laitak-in
thuneiten khuamite thukimna a ngah beh nading cih ngimna tawh
ninbuak man liauna sum mihing khat-in kumkhat in EU dollar 6000 ta
kipia ding ci-in, sum tawh na zol (money incentive) uh hi.
A tungin khuami 51% in a phalsa pen 25% ah kiamsuk zaw
mawk a, summet bawlna pilna tawh a ki-et teh lamdang kisa mahmah
hi. Ahang a kidot leh khuamite`n, ko pen gam-le-minam ka it man
uh hi-in, sum deihna hi masa lo hi. Tua sum tawh nong zolna uh in
ka gam itna lungsim-uh golh guknekna (bribe) bang hi, ci-in na
dawngkik uh hi. Israel gam-ah mi gentheite huhna (charity) kipawlna
khat omin, khangno sang naupang tampi kihel uh hi. Khatvei
sumbawlna lam siam mipilten mihingte zia theih nop man-in tua
sang naupangnote khen thum suah uh hi. Khen masate kiang mi
gentheite huhna a thupitna ciantak-in a gen khitteh khuasung inn
lusi-ah huhna va dong un ci-in sawlkhia uh hi. Khen nihna te zong tua
bang mah lian-in thu a hilh khitteh sawlkhia uh a, ahih hangin sum
na ngah zahzah lak uh pan 1% no hong kipia kik ding hi, ci-uh hi.
Philippines gam a uk ngei kumpi gilo khat ahi Marcos uk hun lai-
in, amah kumpi hihna pan a sawnkhia nuam, gam ading avei honkhat
training a pia ngei Philippines te sia khat tawh ka kiho kha ngei hi.
Ama hong genna ah Marcos kumpi hihna pan lakkhiat zawh nading in
minam it a kipia khia nuam mi 100 val, gammang tulak a om mual
khat ah kha khat val training ka pia uh a, lungsim lam kipattahna hita
leh siamna tuamtuam ka hilh uh hi. A tungin mi 100 bang hong kihel
napi sum nei zawdeuh, nasep hoihnei cihte pawl patauh lungkiatna
tawh khat khit khat ciah uh a, a tawpna-ah mizawng daipam pawlkhat
bek cian lai-in tuate tawh ma ka zom uha, gam ading ka kiphiakhia
uh cih hong gen hi. Gam hoih khat lam nading hih mi zawngte
kipiakhiatna zong neu lo hi, si-ngam ngiat uh hi.
Nang zong kua misi gal na hiam cih na ngawn theilo pi mahin tua
hun bawlna a maipen ah na tu pahhi. Sihvui hungeelna-ah thugen ding
mi (4) na om uhhi. A masa thugen ding pen a si pen tawh a ki-it
mahmah a lawm khat hi. A nihna pa pen, a si pen pawlpi sia pa hi-in
pawlpi mite nuntak zia a tel mahmah khat cini. A thumna pen a si pen
lampan inntek thu pulak ding hi-in, a tawpna pa pen a si pen zum
nasep pih khat na hihi. Tua thugen dingteng pen misi pa/nu thu ip
Tua teng na muh khit ciangin, nang zong a misi zong theilo-in
sigal cih haivai ci-in, a hankuang na va-en a, a misi pen nang pumpi,
nang a si na hi seisai mawk hi. Nang ong kivui ni na hihi. Tua ahih leh
sihvuina-ah nang thu a gen ding mi 4 ten nangthu bangteng genleh
na deih hiam? Tangthu hoih gending na deihleh tu mahmah in
nuntakna tawh na lahkhiat kul dinghi, cih nopna hi. Nuntak na-ah
huntawpna ding lungsim ah ngaihsun khol densa-in gamtat ding thu a
gennopna a hihi.
Hih numei tegeel pen khat biakna makai zi hi-in a dang khat pen
sangsia sem khat a hihi. Amau tegeel politic ah kihel na hangpi pen-in
veina, lai natna hipi pen pahhi. NLD makai U Nyan Win-in, gamkhat
makaih na dingin capacity cihte thupi mah a, a diak-in deihsakna takpi
le khuakzattheihna thupi pen hi, ci-in interviewna khatah gen hi. Politic
thu ih ngaihsut teh, a diakdiak-in Myanmar gamah politic vai ih geelteh
eitawh kisai lo, papi pawl khat bek, ahih keh mi tuamdang ngiat
pawlkhatte vai dingdan in ih sehsak pongmawk theihi. Ahih naciang
khat om na pin hikhin samlohi.
Ahi zongin ngaihsut huai pawlkhat ong om leuleu hi. Politic pen
veina nei peuhpeuh kihel theih ih cihteh, mi khempeuh MP ding kidem
ngeingai-in kituh bawl ding cihna hi denlo hi. MP suak-in Hlutdaw tutna
bek politic hi zenzen lohi. Pawlkhatte hlutdaw ah ong om kul-a, pawl
khatte cimawh huhna, pilna lapsangna, media nasepna, Pasian
nasepna-ah hunbit-in kihelna cihte zong politic sepna nam mah ahih
lam phawkhuai hi. Koi panmun ah omleng lempen ding? kizang thei
pending? Mipihte ading mazang pen dinghiam? cihte lungngaih masak
huaiphot hi.
Sen gam leuleu democracy gam ahih nai lian loh hang sum-le-pai
lamah hauh ding a ki- gin litlit pian lai, 1970 lam ma pekin, a gam uh
ah pilna le cidamna lam, tangpi kikepna nasiat tuak mahmah khin
mawk hi. A mite uh ngiat na pilsuah dikdek khol khin ahih manun,
leitung bup tawh sumbawl khopna (marketization) ahih uhteh a
mipilteng uh zang thei pahlian uh hi. Mipil misiam lawhsam lualo hi.
Hih tangpi kikepna tawh kisai-in namnih kikhen thei hi. Nam
masate-in sum-le-pai khantoh ma pek-in neih zahzah tawh pilna,
cidamna lam mah ultung sak masak hamtang ding (support led) cih
hi-in, Asia gam sungte lakah, Japan, Sen, Korea gamte hi phadiak uh
hi. Nam nihna-in sum-le-pai i neih zah dandan-in kikep kikhoi ding hilo
Kua teelding?:
MP ding teel-in Hlutdaw ong tung tak uhteh bang ngen ding,
cihtawh kisai-in 2008 Constitution sungah state huam a tu hlutdaw le
gambup huam a tu mipi palaite`n bangteng sem, van, khensat theih
cihte ciantak in kikhen sitset hi. Hun la-in kan/sin huaihi, constitution
kipuah lezong kanpah huaihi. State huam hlutdaw ah MP ut khat-in
meetang ngah nop man-in gambup huam hlutdaw te bek khensat
theih nakhat peuh kamciam ong piakkhak leh uppah loh ding thupi
dinghi. A tutna mun uhtawh kiciangtan septheih na om-in, utut a ki
ngen ziauziau thei hilo hi. Tua lo, MP te-in mipihte ading muibun a
suah nop uh leh mipih te` dinmun, kitangsap taktak tel masak huaihi.
Tua ahih man-in zum-le-hlutdaw huang sungbek ah nitum thapai lo-
in, hun ngah nakleh mipihte kiang va zin, kimu, kan, thu dot zeel
kulhi.
Credit:timvandevall.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Maslows-
Hierarchy-of-Needs.jpg. Maslow theory limtawh etna
Modecai dan ih kisam hi. Modecai pen tuhun kammal tawh advocacy
sempa kici theihi.
Mipi
Sumbawlte
Kipawlna
Kumpi
lam bang GZA ong omkei lai zen leh mipi sungah kitapna, kitotna,
kilangpannate le kipawlnale mimalaituam hamphat nading mipite
zatna hih sang ong sukzaw khatam ka cihi. Beh-le-phung,pau-le-aw
kaih tuamtuam tawh ih kigawm zawhloh laitak biakna le pawlpi
tawhkikhen suak laizen lehang khasiat huai mahmah dinghi. Tun a
hih leh a thupi-ah ihmakai pipa Pa Enno ong hanthot det mah bangin
ei mipite-in thu tawh nungta-in, picinglungsim neihna tawh itna
huang (scope) khan-in, mikim huai theihna (inclusiveapproach) lam
hanciam toh suakding kisam kasa hi.
2011 pan2015 kikal sung in mipi kipawlna lamten a hiciangkhat
mun le septheihna ngahta hi. Political party kiphuan, kipuah,party
zum hon ziahziah theihna, NGO tuamtuamten zong ih gamah nasep
theihnahun kingah kha tahi. Tu laitak mipih te makaih dingin pilna,
siamna tuamtuam neite (Gtn, lawyer, academician, scholars,
thinktank) ei panmun tekpan ih kizen,hanciam, kipiakkhiat kul
mahmah hi. A bucing khantohna ih ngah nadingin akibanglo panmun
tekpan tha ih san keileh biakna makaite bektawh ki lang baithei dinghi.
Tukum 2015bei lamteh kiteelna thak ih gamah ong om leuleu dinghi.
Democratic kikhelna lampan gam kician lamna (state building) lamah
manawt ding kipan pianta hi. Kikhelnapan kilamna lam-ah ih manawh
teh mipi makaihna vai ah zong zia thakkhat ongkisam to leuleu ta hi.
Hih bang hun-ah biakna makaiten ong koicih makaih dinguhhiam cih
ih gending hi.
Biaknamakaiten a sep dinguh thei lua mahmah khin uhhi. A
hawmthawh ih hi kei a, minam vai-ah sepding kuppihna hizaw hi.
Zomite makai pipa Rev Dr Pau Khan En gen, kamsang dinmun
(prophetic role) cih lungngaih huai mahmah hi. Hih kamsang dinmun
pen GZA makaite bek hinawn lo-in biakna makai limlim lakding
panmun suakta hi.Prophetic role ih cihteh na khempeuh Pasian
thuman le thutak tawh lampi man-ahthuhilhna a hihi. Party khawng
makaih gawpding, kumpi ukna zumte tuhgawp dingcihna hi zenzen
lohi. Politic makaite thuman lohteh, sumbawlte ong duhhophuaiham
luat uhteh, mipi sungah kizawhthawhna, thuman lohna te-ah Pasian
kammalthuman thutak tawh thuhilhna, taina, lamlahna ahihi. Tua
ahihmanin kiteelna-ong nai kuanta a, biakna makaiten party
le-minam ong makaih kullua hi. Tua bek thamloh mipihte Jesu hong
puak a kidim, bucing gupna ngah theih nading in thasan in ong
makaih suak uh ih kun to suaknuamhi.
Democracy cih kammal pen Greekte laipan kila hi-in demos and
kratos cih kammal nih kigawm a hihi. Demos cih kammal khiatna-
in mipi cihna hi-in kratos khiatna-in thu neihna (power) a hihi.
Tua hih manin a kammal pan thakhat-in khiatna la lehang democracy
ih cihteh mipi thuneihna, mipi vang neihna cih ding a hihi.
galkap ki-ukna gamte pen democracy ki-ukna gamte sang a zah nihin
sum-le-pai lamah zawng zaw cih na mukhia uh hi.
RULE OF
STATE
LAW
ACCOUNTABILITY
Kum 30 kikal sungin Sen gam pen lokho a zawng pen gam hihna
pan thakhat thu-in leitung bupah a hau pen nihna gam suakta hi. A
gammi milip million 600 val (gammi bup gawm lakpan 80%) bang
zawnna pan lakhia zo ek uhhi. Tu dongmah nisim-in sum bawlna
thakthak kiphuan ngekngek a nunna laihawlte ong khang zuahzuah
maihi (Xli, 2011).
Tuma kum tul malai Han ukpite kumpi sep a kipan kumpi zum a
nasem, thunei ding ut peuhmah laivuan sak masa hamtang in tuapan
mat hoihin gualzote bek teel cih ngeina hoih mahmah khat neikkhin
uhhi. Ni tumna lam gamte`n mipi a tam zaw thu neihna (democracy)
zia khauhtak-in alet mah bangun Sen gamah mi tawmnnote
thuneihna (meritocracy) zia khauh takin pom uhhi. Tu dongmah a
ngeinate uh kizom paisuak lai-in tua mi tawmno ukna thunei nuam
peuhmah lah laivuan masa sak ngekngek uhhi. Sen gamah university
hoihte ih kahnop leh zong sum ih nei zongin ih pilna ong sit ma
dikdek phot uhhi. Sang kah nading, kumpi zum ah nasep ngah
nading, cihte ah zong tua bangmah ki sitsit dikdek masa ngiat uhhi.
Tua ahih manin Sen kumpi uliante pen kiva, siam in muanhuai
thei mahmah a, mipil misiam tengmah kigawm uh suakhi.
Tu dongmah Communist party sung hita le kumpi lam uliante
sung hita le kivakna khang semsem a, a diakdiakin panmun hoih
neisate zong kum beisim a sepna sate uh khauhtak-in sitkik,
lungngai kik, ngaihsun phakik den uhhi. Ki koihkhong ziau cih omlo
uhhi.
Sente political scientist khat ahi Eric Xli in TED talk ah a thugenna
ah Sen kumpi ki-ukna ziate kammal thum tawh suahkhia hi. Tua
kammal thum pen Sen kumpite tumdanna nam thum te hipah hi.
Ama genna tungtawn-in Sen Communist party in hihna thum nei a,
kituak takin uktheihna (adaptability), mi tawmno ukna (meritocracy)
le mipi thukim pih thu neihna (legitimacy).
Leitung ah a gol pen gam ahi Sen gam pen Communist party in
kum 64 val bang ukta hi. Tua kikal sung leitung thupai zia tuamtuam,
gam kikhelna tuamtuam Sen gamah ki tuakto ngelhngelh in Great
Leap Forward, privatization, market reform cih dan akipan ki
makaihna zia-le-tong a kikhel ngelhngelh hangin Communist party-
in tua kikhelnate tawh kituak, lemtang ding policy hoih nono zang
theiden hi. Deng Xiaoping' makaih market sumbawlna a kipan Jiang
Zemin uksung politic lam kipuahphatna tampi omin tuate khempeuh
enle hang atung Mao Zedong hun lai-in a piang dingin a ki-um ngam
hetloh kikhelnate a hihi.
2. Mi tawmnote-ukna (Meritocracy)
Larry Diamond inbel Sen gamah ki-ukna lam a kikhel ding a geel
kei uhleh sumbawlna-ah thanemin gam hauhna ong kiam zenzen leh
Sen kumpi-in politic lawhsapna le mipi thukim pihna lawhsapna
tuakin buai ngelngel veve ding hi, cih gen hi. Larry Diamond mahin,
Sen gamah tuzawh kum 10-15 teh democracy zang ngelngel
hamtang dinghi, cih thusuak neihi. Martin Jacques inbel Sente gam
khantohna kizom dinghi, amau ngeina tawh kituak takin democracy
ki-ukna lampan a hoihte la-in gawmtuah khathei dinghi. A diakdiak-
in Japan le Singapore lamte ki-ukna pan pilna lakbeh laiding uhhi,
cih lamet sak hi.
Eric Xli tuatna ah tuzawh kum 10 the Sen gam-in America sang
hauzaw ta dinghi. Gam haupen suakin mikhat sumlut pen a khangto
lai gamte sang tamzaw dinghi. Gamtatsiatna (corruption) bei siang
zolo ding a, a hih hang kiam mahmah in Transparency International
te tehna ah a 10 na pan 20 na kikal ah tungzo dinghi. Sumbawlna le
politic lamah kikhel toto lai-in party khat ukna ahihna zong kiptakin
kho suak dinghi, cih genhi.
7. Thukhupna (Conclusion)
Sen gamte ki-ukna zia pen a tumdang, a tuam ngiat hi-in gam
khempeuh zattang theihlah hituan lo hi. A diakdiak in sum bawlna
lamah ngaihsutna puahphat kulhi a, makai teelna-ah thugen
siampong, minthang pong hilo-in, makaite siamna le a vai zawhsate
enin teelkul dinghi. Larry Diamond genna-ah tu dong mah leitung
ah kicing taktak democracy ki-ukna om nailo hi a cih mah bangin,
picin zawk theitheih nading puah huaite kipuah mengmeng kulhi
(Diamond, 1999) tua hileh kiteelna democracy pan galkap ki-ukna
lam nungkik lo-in a picing democracy gam tamzaw semsem kha
dinghi. Democracy le kilemna pen kizop na khat nei-in democracy
zang gamte peuhmah khat-le-khat kido ngeilo uh ahih man-in,
democracy gam phazah in mailam gam kidona omdan dingzong ong
tuatsak thei dinghi. Tu khanghun ah eite` vaipuak-in democracy ki-
ukna in leitung ah daihna omin patauh venna ahih nading a hihi
(Zakaria, 1997).
Reference
2. Mission: Koi mun ah, kuate ading, bang deihsakna tawh bang
sepsak ding cih kipawlna ngimna a huamkim-in lahkhiatna hi.
1. Vision
2. Mission
Ngaihsuthuai thute.
3. Lamlak thugil
4. SWOT analysis
Kipawlna
Hamph Hamph
Pualam
atnate atnate
A. Thakhauhna:
B. Thanemnate:
C. Hamphattheihnate:
D. Patauh huaite:
5. Vailianpi Geelna
6. Sepkhiatna Geelna
- Kuan semding?
7. Sepkhiatnate Matpiakna
Mission
(what we do;
why we exist)
Values
(Whats important
to us)
Vision
(what we want to be; what we
want for the world)
Strategy
(our game plan; short- and long-term
objectives)
Action Plan
(strategic initiatives)
bang thusim nei ding ka hihiam? Mipiten party tampi lakpan kei
party banghang ong deihzaw tuan se ding hiam? Banghang ko
kipawlna ong ki muang diakding? Sum tawh ong kipanpih nuam
sediak ding? cih geel hamtang kulhi.Party dangte tawh kibat thapaih
leh vai lianpi geelna (strategic planning) kici theilo-in geelna
mawkmawk ong hillel dinghi.
pawl hi a, hih laibu ah ahih leh vai lianpi geelna pumpi (framework)
omdan mitkha ah bawltheih naciang ding, ettheih pak ciangding
ngimna bek hi-in kicing sitset tak nailo hi. A tung a theoryte ciantak
enin a hoihmahmah geelna lianpite kisuai theihi.
Vision
Mission
Lamlak Thugil
Kipawlna Thakhauhdiakna
SWOT
Huntom ai Geelna:
Hunsau ai Geelna:
Zomi le Power
Tu laitak politic lam ah kilo mun mahmah kammal khat-in power cih
a hihi. Politic lam mipil ten power cih kammal a khiat uhteh, i deih
(lungtup) khat ngahzawh na dingin midangte zattheihna, na ci-uhhi.
Makai khat, gam khat-in amau power zatna dingin a kisam pelmawh
vanzat (tool) pawlkhat neih masak kulhi. Tua vanzat te pen power
khauh, power nem leh smart power cihte ahihi.
Powerte Tonkhopna
Hih power tegel pen kisam khawmtuak uhhi. Khat veivei teh
power khat lam zawzaw kisapna lek thei zawhi. Gentehna-in
mipilte muhna-ah Arab Spring lai, Arab gam a om mipite ngiat
ki thutuak tak-in a lungpho man-un kikhelna piang hizaw-in
thauvui thautang tawh kipan masa uh hileh kikhelna pi pianglo
zaw dinghi, ci-uh hi. Ahi zongin galpi nihna lai-in America in
nuclear bomb hong zat ek tak uhteh, galpi veng pan suak leuleu
hi. Power te tonkhop dan le kizat theihdan ngaihsut huai thupawl
khat om laihi.
SMART POWER
Tua ahih man-in hih sepna pen bucing geelna khat zong kici
theihi. Hihdan smart power zatsiam makai tawm mahmah lai a,
Americate president semngei Theodore Roosevelt tepawl bek dan-in
kiciamteh hi. Smart power zatsiam nading hanciam na-in
sumbawlna lam, kipawlna lam, politic lam-ah gambup huam,
khuakhat huam, veengkhat huam makaite thukhensat ziate
kancianna, theihtelna ding sinna-in zong kizang theihi.
Power Thak
Power tawh kisai power nem, power khauh le smart power te i gen
zo a, mipi makai khangno minthang Jeremy Heimans muhkhiat
khangthak hun a power thak luanzia le power lui te kilamdanna
tehkakna tomno zong i en pak dinghi.
Power-te Phualsatna
Zomite le Power
Tua lungsim i pat kikkul hi. Koicih patding? Christian 99% omna
Zogam-ah golhguk a kipan, gamtatsiatna (corruption)cih peuhmah
omsak lo ding hihang.
in democracy ki-ukna zia hong hita hi. Mipi bup le mipi palaite kikal-
ah khauhtak sepkhop na (mechanism) khat i kisam hi. Tua sepna
lam-ah kiva mipi kipawlna zong pantah, thapiak zawh ding thupi
mahmah hi.
Thupatna
Tu laitak USA gam kumpi thak ding-in party nih (Democratic le
Republican) te-in amau party tek pan president dinmun dem khuan
ngah nading a kidem henhan laitak uh ahi hi. Tu a kidemna-ah a
tuamdang diak cihnop huai thu pawlkhat hong om-a, tuate lakpan
US president a sem ngei Clinton zi lah ahi, US gamdang thu vanpi a
sem ngei Hilary Clinton tawh a kidem Bernie Sanders in zong pilna
nei US khangnote sung-ah min hong ngah mahmah hi. Amah pen
capitalism cih sumbawl te suakta tak-in sumbawl sakna gam-ah
social democracy cih khat policy a deih mahmah khat hi a, sumhau
le ulian lamte huat nam khat hong suak hi. Tua ahih man-in social
democracy cih politic kammal hong ki lunglut san a, hih thului
sungah zong a tom thei pen leh telnop pen dingin i kikum ding hi.
pan kingah sumte kumpi-in mipi bup nop tuam nading lemtang thei
pen-in hawmkik hi. Mipite ading nuntakna panpihna khauhpai-in
ulian/uneu, zalian/nautang, numei/pasal, mizawng/mihau kideidan
lo-in kumpi-in panpih kik hi. Gambup cidam kikepna lam a
khawnkhong-in kibawl theihna cihte a kipan sum beilo sang pilna sin
theih nading in kumpi in mipite panpih kik uh hi.
1. Globalization
2. Tangpite Nunna kikhelzia (Social change)
3. Sumbawlna (Economic)
4. Gammi phazah (Demographic)
masa ni-a kipan ni 100 sung lian hong thupi mahmah diak dinghi.
Tua ni 100 sungin gam sungah a ki lamdang pahhan phialmawk, a
kitheitham gambup sum-le-pai khanna ngahthei pah nading policy
hoih na neih dinguh kisam hi. Sumbawlna khanna tawh kisai bang
geelna (economic program) kician na nei uhhiam? Banghang hiam
cihleh mipite in hauhna leh khantohna lunggulh mahmah uh a, a
lamet pipen uhzong tua khantohna mah a hihi.
maitang tuah lo ding hi-ung, ci-in kumpi lui a mimuan huai te kuppih
bawllo uh a, that nuam-in a sulzuih taktak uhteh Iraq gam omdan
zia thei tuanlo-in tuahsia zaw dipdep uhhi. Kiteelna (election)
neihzawh teisam hang kician tak-in gam lam kik zo nawnlo uhhi.
(America ten gal zo-in a gam uh a lam sakkik gamte lak-ah Iraq le
Afghanistante pen tudong gualzo taktak nailo hi. Ahi zongin galpi
nihna khit Germany le Japan gamte democracy gam kician-in lam
sakkikna-ah a gualzawh pih uh a, a hang pipen khatin, hih Germany
le Japan gamte-in galpi kido mapek-in ukna kician kumpi
(functioning state) na neikhin uhhi.* Interview dangkhat ah
Fukuyama thugen khat).
1. Vai kitukalhna
Japan gamah zong hihdan kikhel vatna tuakkha ngei uhhi. Liberal
Democratic party in kum 1950 lai pek a kipan Japan gam a uktoh
ngelhngelh phialuh-hi a, 2009 kum taktak the mipite-in kikhelna
kisam cihna tawh Democratic party of Japan (DPJ) panpih uhhi. DPJ
in ki-ukna lam sem kha ngeingiat lo ahih manun, panmun lakzawh
sawt lo-in a lum a let suak-in kum thum sungbek gam makaih kha
uh-a prime minister thum veitak kikhek liang uhhi. Ngeina kician
(system) khauhpai mahmah neisa Japan gam nangawn tuahsia thei
uhhi. Myanmar gam-ah bel a siatzawk beh nading om nawnlo bilbel
hi. NLD kumpi zong mipi deihna kiapah zatzat sam lo-in makaih na-
ah suksia gawp veva samlo dinghi. Ahi zongin mipi lampan lah lamet
khauh lua ahih man-in, omkhong lo-in na hanciam tak-in hong sem
ding uh-a, zong khialh nemnumna hong tam lai dinghi. Na ong sep
taktak uhleh Kawlte pauleng (pha-yu pha-ye) limlim kha thei ding
uhhi.
Tun a hih leh kumpi vaipuak lianpi ngahin semta uh ahih man-in
NLD mi panmun ngahte sungpan mi muanhuai, kiva a siam taktakte
hong ki langkhia toto lel dinghi. Siamna cihteh mipite ading veina
nei-in kiva tak-in vaihawm sak theih nalah hi-a makai Aung San Suu
Kyi maipha ngahzo-a NLD CECte tawh mapan khop theihna zong a
hihi. Makaihna tawh kisai, suahpih makai siamna (born leader) le
hanciam/sin tawm makai (made leader) cih kikhen phadiak hi. Aung
San Suu Kyi pen born leader nam hi-a, tu laitak NLD in made leader
honkhat neita uhhi. President U Htin Kyaw, Vice-president Pu Henry
Van Thio te a kipan parliament speakers U Win Myint, U Man Win
Than Khaing te pawlpen made leader cih theih hiphot hi a hlutdaw
ah zong dim metmat uhhi. NLD in term khat hong makaih khitteh
mailam a makai ding kimu khia thei tadingin ka lamen hi.
3. Ngeina Thak
4. Dek Siamna
deihkaihna tawh kisuai thukhun zong hong piangkha thei mai dinghi.
Bangbang ahi zongin, ciantak-in gen ngam khat-in, 2008
Constitution sang state/division kumpite-in thuneihna ngahbeh zaw
hamtang in, nuamtuam zaw veve sam dinghi.
State Councilor ahi Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Second Panglong
Conference cih sangin 21 Century Conference ci zawni, banghang
hiam cihleh Second (Nihna) ci lehang, Third, Fourth (thumna,
lina) cih ki nungthuah toto kha thei dinghi, cihi. Ama gendan a bat
leh kum zalom a huam hong hikik bilbel hi. Politic sem tampi-in bel
second a cihnop loh limlim zong Panglong Conference masa a
thukim sate nungzuih kik nuamlo-in amah le galkap makaite deih
dandan phuangnuam hikha dinghi, cih a muangmawh omhi. A diakin
Panglong Conferece masa-ah ki thukim sa Secession Right
Aung San Suu Kyi le NLD kumpi thak hong kahkhit teh gam
kilemna tawh kisai sepna honkhat hong khelhi. Union Peace
Conference zomto-in a min laih-a 21st Century Panglong Conference
cih minthak hong suakhi. Kilemna tawh kisai sepna te-ah tanu
semdiak Myanmar Peace Centre (MPC) min hong laihin National
Reconciliation and Peace Centre (NRPC) cihtawh hong laihhi.
Khawmpi a makaih ding le political framework bawlna makaih ahi
UPDJC zong a mite kilaih kik phahi.
Tua ahih manin Aung San Suu Kyi in hih conference pen mipi
teel taktak tengtawh gilsak/cipsak nuam hang a cihpen zong khiallua
tuan samlo hi. Party khat mintawh register bawl pongpong kihelsak
leng thu kikupnate pawngsuah mahmah lel theihi. Thu dangkhat
leuleu ah mi huam kimna (inclusive) lampan en lehang lah hehhuai
mahmah sim veve hi. UPDJC in political framework thak hong koicih
bawl ding cih-in thu tampi khensat dinghi, etcik huaihi.
Bangthu Sungding?
(A) Politics
(B)Security
hong ngahnawn lo-in a tamzaw tham hong ngawh zaw toto dinghi.
Ei lamte e? state thak khat sawm zo ding dingmaw?, Half-state cih
phuang dingmaw? District ciang maw? Self-administered zone
dinmun ciangmaw?, cih te le state sungah tu-a dinmun ciangmah
lungkim maw? cihte ngaihsut huai mahmah ta dinghi. State
thuneihna bel hong khang semsem hamtang dinghi.
Dimension
Hun Ciangtanna
Suahtakna Thumanna
Meetang Khiat ma - Suakta takin vak - A kilangtang,
kawikawi theihna kalsuanna tawh
kiteelna
- Suakta takin thu
gentheihna (media, - Party/mi honkhat a
meekuang luite, mee hamphat tuamlo
khia dingte) kiteelna thukhun leh
kiteel ziate
- Suakta takin
kikaihkhop theihna - Mee khia theilo
dingin kikhaktan cih
- Suakta takin om lo ding
kipawlna neih theihna
- A kician mee-bung hi
ding
- Meekhiate deidan lo-
in huh ding (a kisap
leh)
- Meetangte
kiciantakin simna &
ciaptehna
- A kisang theilo
meetangte ciantak a
ciaptehna
- Meetangte lamkal ah
thelthang sak loin
zumah puakna
- Deidan loin
meekhiatna munte
limtak kepcingna
Meetang Khiat khit Lungkim lohna a om - Kuangluite mee
leh zum ah suakta ngah zah thuneiten
takin pulak theihna manlang takin pulaak
ding
- Mee vai a lungkim lo
a om leh deidan lo-in
limtakin ngaihsut sak
ding
- Mediaten mee ngah
zah a manin pulaak
ding
- Mee kiteelna ngahna
bangin a kihel mite in
sang tek ding
Ref: What makes elections free and fair, Jergen Elklit and Palle Svensson
Web 2.0 khang cihzah khop ding mahin tangpi kizopna (social
network) zatna pen kinawh zaw, tangzai zaw, khang zaw, khauhpai
zaw le huzap zo zaw semsem ta hi. 2004 kumin a kiphuan khia
Facebook bangpen 2016 teh a zang bekbek mi 1.65 billion omta hi.
Tua na ngawn leitung bup-a mitam pen gam ahi China ah a kumpi-
zaw dingin kibawl online media hi gige mawkhi. Tua ahih manin
mihing te sungah khat-le-khat kihona sang midang-te khat-khit-
khat tungah thugenna hong khauhpai zawhi.
Hih a tunga thute pen Egypt gam a kumpi gilo mahmah khat a
hemkhia zo te lak-ah makai khatin kihel pa gen hi-a, ei Zomi te
ading zong pilna lakhuai kasa hi. Zomite sung-ah tangpi thu kizakna
lam hong hat mahmah ta-a email group (Zonet) cih a kipan
facebook group tampi ih phuang zuahzuah-a member bang tul tampi
pha venvan tahi. Tuate sung-ah bang thugilte gen, kikum ih hiam?
Lungsim khak/kihong sa in thu ihkum hiam?, Thu khatpeuh ih
kupma khatvei bek ih ngaihsun kik mah hiam? Thu-le-la khat peuh
ih gelhma tua tawh kisai in thu cingin ih kan mah hiam? Thu thang
khatpeuh thuzung kician takpi mahhiam(source, reference) cihte ih
encian masa hiam? Makai khatpeuh mimal vai hazat man-in a
kiphuahsak thu zuauthute man/manlo telcian lo-in midangte ih
hawmsawn kha hiam?, cihte ngaihsut huai mahmah hi.
mawk uhhi. Khawl pak hetlo ding uhhi. Amau pen online tungpan
mipi khem, toknawi gawpding, zuauthu tawh lungsim sosak gawp
theihna nading thukhel tampi phuak thei ding-a ki pantah(train)te
hi-a kipawlna tuamtuam ah a honhon in ki thehthang uhhi.
Photoshop tawh kibawl zuau lim (fake photo), bawltawm video tampi
te hawm thei uhhi. Tuate khemsa in ih omloh ding kidop huaihi.
Banghang hiam cihleh social media tawh zong gam khat ki-ukna
nawngkai sakin, gamkhat na ngawn suksiat theihhun, web 2.0 hun
ahihi.
Etkak:
Hih idea te koipan ngah in, idea hoih neite koi cih zon ding
ihhiam, cih zong hong lungngaih huaihi. Democracy ngeina ah ih
omteh mipite-in suahtakna kingah semsem in idea hoih neite kimuh
theihnading lampi tampi kihong ta-a tuate lakah lampi khat in
kiteelna hong hipah hi. Kiteelna ah mittaw sialkhau let bangin party
khat bek pum thapiak masak sawm lo-in ih mithak gige in party
tampite kidemna etphat huai mahmah hi. Party tampi te-in a idea te
uh hong sung ngeingai ding uh-a ei tawh a kilawm, kituak policy,
strategy, idea nei mimal le party te bekmah thapiak huai pahhi.
Democracy ngeina pan a kingah hamphat nate-ah a gil penpen khat-
in kidemna (competition) hi-in tua kidem na-ah party te in mipite
metang ngah nading in thuhoih lahoih tampi geelna leh sepnate
tawh hong kidem ngeingai dinguh a, mipite in ei paktat penpente
teel ding hong hiziau lelhi. Tua dan kidemna om theih nading zong
mipi lampan lamhon sak kul mahmah hi.
Laigelh pa Tangthu