Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ngu Phap Thuong Dung
Ngu Phap Thuong Dung
Denn
6/ a c th ng trc Mr/Mrs/Miss + h
V d:
- a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith
- a Mr Smith ngha l "mt ngi n ng mang tn Smith" v ngi ni khng
bit ng ny, trong khi Mr Smith (khng c a) ngha l "ng Smith" m ngi
ni c bit.
KHONG DUNG MAO TU NHAT DINH
Ni ring vOne
One (tnh t/i t) dng vi another/others.
V d:
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
- One day they drink wine, another day they drink beer.
(C ngy h ung ru, c ngy h ung bia).
- One (student) wanted to watch TV, another/others wanted to play chess
(C ngi (sinh vin) mun xem TV, ngi khc li mun nh c)
c bit l trong The rent is 400 a month (tin thu nh l 400 bng mt thng),
khng th thay a bng one.
HINH THUC CUA MAO TU XAC DINH
2/ Khi danh t khng m c hoc danh t s nhiu dng theo ngha chung nht,
ch khng ch ring trng hp no.
V d:
- I don't like French beer (Ti chng thch bia ca Php)
- I don't like Mondays (Ti chng thch ngy th hai)
5/ Trc tn gi cc ba n.
V d:
-They invited some friends to dinner.
(H mi vi ngi bn n n ti)
Nhng:
- The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden
(Ba tic ci c t chc trong mt khu vn xinh p)
6/ Trc cc tc hiu.
V d:
- President Roosevelt (Tng thng Roosevelt)
- King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV ca Php)
Lu
Nature mang ngha "T nhin , thin nhin " th khng dng the.
V d:
- According to the laws of nature (Theo quy lut t nhin)
- They couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature (H khng
chu ni i sng thnh th na v tr v vi thin nhin)
He listened to the radio (Anh ta nghe rai), nhng He watched television (Anh ta
xem TV) ; hoc He heard it on the radio (Anh ta nghe c vic trn rai), nh-
ng He saw it on TV (Anh ta thy vic trn TV).
Artist (ngh s), cook (u bp), driver (ti x), guide (hng dn vin), catholic
(tn Thin cha), scientist (nh khoa hc), tourist (du khch), passenger (hnh
khch)...
3.2
Duke (cng tc), duchess (n cng tc)
Prince (hong t), princess (cng cha)
Actor, actress (nam, n din vin)
Host, hostess (nam, n ch nhn)
Conductor, conductress (nam, n sot v)
Hero, heroine (anh hng/anh th)
Steward, stewardess (nam, n tip vin)
Waiter, waitress (nam, n phc v)
Heir, heiress (nam, n tha k)
Manager, manageress (nam, n gim c)
King (vua), queen (hong hu)
Earl (b tc), countess (n b tc)
Lord (lnh cha), lady (n lnh cha) ...
4/ Trng hp c bit
Bull,cow (b c, b ci)
Duck, drake (vt trng, vt mi)
Cock, hen (g trng, g mi)
Gander, goose (ngng c, ngng ci)
Stag, doe (hu c, hu ci)
Tiger, tigress (cp c, cp ci)
Lion, lioness (s t c, s t ci)
Dog, bitch (ch c, ch ci)
SO NHIEU CUA DT
A S nhiu ca danh t
1/ Ch ring danh t m c mi c s nhiu.
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
- S nhiu ca hoof (mng guc), scarf (khn qung) v wharf (bn tu)
hnh thnh bng c hai cch (thm s hoc ves).
- Ngoi ra, cc danh t khc tn cng l f hay fe ch thm s nh bnh thng. Chng
hn, Cliff - cliffs (vch ), Handkerchief - handkerchiefs (khn tay), Safe, safes (kt
st), Still life (Bc tranh tnh vt) - still lifes ...
dominoes (min), the United States (Hip chng quc Hoa K). Chng hn, The
news is bad (Tin tc chng lnh) hoc The United States is a very big country
(Hip chng quc Hoa K l mt nc rt ln).
11/ Cc danh t tp hp nh Group (nhm), team (i), gang (bng ng), band (ton,
tp), pack (by), staff (tp th nhn vin), community (cng ng), committee (y
ban), crowd (m ng), crew (thy th on), family (gia nh) .... c th dng
ng t s t hay s nhiu. Chng hn, The government has made up its mind /
have made up their minds (Chnh ph quyt nh dt khot), hoc Do / does
your family still live there? (Gia nh bn vn sng ch?)
B S nhiu ca danh t kp
1/ Cu to ca danh t kp
Danh t + danh t
V d: Balance sheet (Bng quyt ton)
Business card (Danh thip)
Street market (Ch tri)
Winter clothes (qun o ma ng)
Police station (n cng an)
Notice board (Bng thng bo)
Football ground (sn bng)
Danh ng t + danh t
V d: Living-room (Phng khch)
Waiting-woman (Ngi hu gi)
Diving-rod (Que d mch nc)
Landing craft (Xung b)
Driving-test (cuc thi ly bng li xe)
Swimming-match (cuc bi thi)
Phn bit
A coffee cup (Tch dng ng c ph) v a cup of coffee (tch c ph, tch
ang ng c ph)
1/ c im ca danh t m c:
Ch nhng g m c, chng hn nh a sandwich (mt ci bnh xng- uych),
two sandwiches (hai ci bnh xng-uych), a dog (mt con ch), three dogs (ba
con ch), a friend (mt ngi bn), ten friends (mi ngi bn), a cup of tea (mt
tch tr), four cups of tea (bn tch tr).
C th s nhiu, chng hn nh a day, many days.
C th theo sau mt s m, a/an hoc some (mt vi).
2/ c im ca danh t khng m c:
Ch nhng g khng m c hoc nhng g c tnh cch tru tng, chng
hn nh Money (tin bc), weather (thi tit), nature (thin nhin)......
Khng th s nhiu.
C th theo sau some (no ), ch khng th theo sau a/an hoc mt s
m.
4/ Danh t khng m c thng theo sau some, any, no, a little .. .., hoc theo
sau bit, piece, slice, gallon...
V d: A bit of news (mt mu tin), a grain of sand (mt ht ct), a pot of jam
(mt h mt), a slice of bread (mt lt bnh m), a bowl of soup (mt bt sp), a
cake of soap (mt bnh x bng), a gallon of petrol (mt galon xng), a pane of
glass (mt knh), a sheet of paper (mt t giy), a glass of beer (mt ly bia), a
drop of oil (mt git du), a group of people (mt nhm ngi), a piece of advice
(mt li khuyn)...
5/ Mt vi danh t tru tng cng theo sau a/an, nhng vi ngha c bit v s t
m thi.
- To have a wide knowledge of literature, we need read much( c mt kin thc
rng ri v vn hc, chng ta phi c sch nhiu).
- This micro-computer is a great help to our study (Ci my vi tnh ny rt c ch
cho vic hc ca chng ti)
- Do you think these prisoners have a love of music/a hatred of dishonesty? (Bn c
ngh rng cc t nhn ny yu m nhc/cm ght s bt lng hay khng?)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
He raises chickens in his garden (Anh ta nui g trong vn nh mnh), nhng I
like to eat chicken (Ti thch n tht g).
My house has six rooms (Nh ti c su phng), nhng There's no room in the
car for the dog (Xe t khng c ch no cho ch ngi).
We've been to France five times (Chng ti sang Php nm ln), nhngTime
is a great healer 1(thi gian l thuc cha lnh mi vt thng).
SO HUU CACH
S hu cch
's dng cho danh t s t, danh t s nhiu khng tn cng bng 's, t sau
cng trong danh t kp, hoc sau t vit tt:
V d:
The chemist's (shop) (ca hng dc phm)
Children's toys ( chi ca tr em)
My sister's friend (bn ca ch ti)
Peter's suitcase (va li ca Peter)
Her father-in-law's house (nh ca b chng c ta)
The PM's bodyguards (v s ca th tng)
The VIP's briefcase (cp ti liu ca yu nhn)
Lu
Khi s dng s hu cch, phi b mo t ng trc ngi hoc vt s hu.
V d:
- The villa of the senator = The senator's villa (Bit th ca thng ngh s)
- The wife of the shoemaker = The shoemaker's wife (V ca ngi th giy)
- The toys of Jack = Jack's toys
Sau cc ng t Be, Become, Seem, Appear, Feel, Get/Grow, Keep, Look, Make,
Smell, Sound, Taste, Turn.
V d:
- He looks world-weary (Anh ta c v chn i)
- This event made them more optimistic
(S kin ny khin h lc quan hn)
- After a persistent rain, everyone felt cold
(Sau mt cn ma dai dng, mi ngi u cm thy lnh)
- That music sounds beautiful (Khc nhc y nghe tht hay)
- The weather will keep fine (Thi tit s vn c p)
- This milk smells sour (Sa ny c mi chua)
Phn bit
- This waiter looks very curious (Ngi hu bn ny trng rt t m) v He looks
curiously at his boss (Anh ta nhn ch mnh vi v t m)
V d:
- The handicapped deserve our help
(Nhng k tt nguyn rt ng cho chng ta gip )
- Special recreational programs for the elderly
(Cc chng trnh gii tr c bit dnh cho ngi cao tui)
Cc tnh t ch quc gia cng do cch ny m tr thnh danh t. Chng hn, The
Scotch (Ngi Xct-len), the Dutch (Ngi H Lan), the French (Ngi Php), the
British (Ngi Anh), the Swiss (Ngi Thy S), the Taiwanese (Ngi i Loan), the
Vietnamese (Ngi Vit Nam)...
- A touching story (Mt cu chuyn khin ngi nghe xc ng) & I was very
touched to hear from my bosom friends (Ti rt xc ng khi nhn c tin
nhng ngi bn ch ct ca ti).
Lu
- I find that it is impossible to tame this bear = I find it impossible to tame this
bear (Ti thy l khng th thun ho con gu ny)
- It is very kind of you to help him
(Bn tht l t t mi gip hn)
- It is ungracious of him not to acknowledge your help
(Hn tht l khim nh mi khng cm n s gip ca bn)
- It is boring to tell lies all day long
(Tht l chn ngt khi phi ni di sut ngy)
- It is necessary to seize this golden opportunity
(iu cn thit l nm ly c hi ngn vng ny)
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Cp nguyn So snh hn Cc cp
2/ Quy tc
C hai cch to hnh thc so snh hn v cc cp cho tnh t.
a) Thm er (so snh hn) v est (cc cp) sau:
Mi tnh t mt vn. Chng hn, Fast (nhanh) - Faster (nhanh hn) - Fastest
(nhanh nht); Strong (mnh) - Stronger (mnh hn) - Strongest (mnh nht).
Mt vi tnh t hai vn (ch yu l tn cng bng y, le v ow). Chng hn,
Quiet (yn tnh) - Quieter (yn tnh hn) - Quietest (yn tnh nht); Dirty (bn)
- Dirtier (bn hn) - Dirtiest (bn nht); Simple (n gin) - Simpler (n gin
hn) - Simplest (n gin nht); Narrow (hp) - Narrower (hp hn) -
Narrowest (hp nht).
Tnh t bt u bng Un v theo sau l hai vn. Chng hn, Unhappy (khn
kh) - Unhappier (khn kh hn) - Unhappiest (khn kh nht).
Lu
- Big (ln) - Bigger (ln hn) - Biggest (ln nht); Fat (bo) - Fatter (bo hn) -
Fattest (bo nht).
- Silly (di dt) - Sillier (di dt hn) - Silliest (di dt nht);
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
C nhng tnh t hai vn p dng c hai cch ni trn. Chng hn, Common
(ph bin) - Commoner/More common( ph bin hn) - Commonest/Most
common (ph bin nht); Clever (khn ngoan) - Cleverer/More clever (khn
ngoan hn) - Cleverest/Most clever (khn ngoan nht).
Nu nghi ng th nn dng More v Most.
3/ So snh bt quy tc
Good (tt), better , best
Bad (xu), worse , worst
Far (xa), farther / further , furthest / farthest
Little (t), less , least
Few (t), fewer / less , fewest / least
Many, Much (nhiu), more , most
Old (gi, c), elder / older , eldest / oldest
4/ Cu trc
4/1 So snh hn
C th dng Much, Far, A little, A bit trc tnh t cp so snh hn.
V d:
- Tom is much stronger than his rival
(Tom kho hn i th ca mnh nhiu)
- Are you feeling a little (a bit) better today?
(Hm nay bn thy trong ngi kho hn khng?)
Sau than c th l mt danh t, i t hoc mnh .
V d:
- London is bigger than Paris
(Lun n to hn Pari).
- Peter appeared more confused than his friends.
(Peter c v lng tng hn cc bn anh ta)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
It's getting colder and colder (Tri cng lc cng lnh hn)
He became more and more anxious with every passing minute (Mi pht tri
qua, anh ta cng thm lo lng)
The more I miss my family, the more I miss my children (Cng nh gia nh,
ti cng nh cc con ti)
The more he thought about it, the worse the situation seemed (Anh ta cng
ngh n iu , tnh hnh cng c v t hn)
The more interesting it is, the more attention they pay (iu cng l th,
h cng thm ch )
You are taller than I (am) , nhng ngi ta thng ni You are taller than me .
He makes fewer spelling mistakes than you (do) , nhng ngi ta thng ni He
makes fewer spelling mistakes than you .
I have a faster car than he (does) , nhng ngi ta thng ni I have a faster car
than him.
4/2 Cc cp
V d:
- Henry is the best child in his family
(Henry l a con tt nht trong gia nh)
- It was the happiest day of my life
( l ngy vui nht i ti)
- Her worst subject is chemistry
(Mn m c ta d nht l ho hc)
- My parents have two sons. I am the eldest
(B m ti c hai ngi con trai. Ti l con trai trng)
- All the boys are noisy, but Long is the noisiest
(Tt c cc b trai u lm n, nhng Long lm n nhiu nht)
- It is the strongest coffee (that) I have ever drunk
(y l c ph c nht m ti tng ung)
- It was the unhappiest month (that) we had ever spent
( l thng xui nht m chng ti tng tri qua)
- The least worry we have is about the weather (iu chng ti t lo lng nht
l thi tit)
- His speech is less lengthy than I expected (Bi din vn ca ng ta t di
dng hn ti mong)
- This is the least interesting part of the dictionary (y l phn t hp dn
nht trong quyn t in)
- One of the least performed of Shakespeare's plays (mt trong nhng v kch
t c trnh din nht ca Shakespeare)
- She chose the least expensive of the hotels (B ta chn khch sn t t
tin nht = B ta chn khch sn r tin nht)
- She found the job less and less attractive
(C ta thy cng vic ngy cng bt hp dn)
- They are less and less interested in sport (H ngy cng bt quan tm n
th thao)
- Less coffee than tea (t c ph hn tr)
- You should smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer (Anh nn ht t thuc l
hn v ung t bia hn)
- I received less money than the others did (Ti lnh t tin hn nhng ngi
khc)
- It rains less in London than in Manchester ( Lun n ma t hn l
Manchester)
PHO TU
TONG QUAT VE PHO TU
Ph t l t b sung thng tin v thi gian, ni chn, mc , cch thc...
cho mt ng t, mt tnh t, mt cm t hoc mt ph t khc .
Ph t ch cch thc (Adverbs of manner): Slowly (chm chp), quickly
(mt cch nhanh nhn), joyfully (mt cch vui v), sadly (mt cch bun b), well
(tt, gii), badly (ti, d) ...
Ph t ch mc (Adverbs of degree): Enough (), absolutely (tuyt
i), strictly (trit ), fairly (kh, hon ton), completely (hon ton), entirely
(hon ton), quite (hon ton), just (va), nearly (gn nh), almost (gn nh), only
(ch ring), too (qu), very (rt), extremely (cc ), really (thc s)...
Ph t ch ni chn (Adverbs of place): Here (y), there (), near
(gn), everywhere (mi ni), nowhere (khng ni no), northwards (v pha
bc), forwards (v pha trc), backwards (v pha sau), clockwise (theo chiu
kim ng h) ...
Ph t ch thi gian (Adverbs of time): Now (by gi), today (hm nay),
tomorrow (ngy mai), yesterday (hm qua), soon (ngay), still (vn cn), then
(sau ), yet (cn, cn na), afterwards (sau ny), before (trc ), at once (lp
tc), lately (gn y), recently (gn y) ...
Ph t ch s thng xuyn (Adverbs of frequency): Frequently (thng
xuyn), always (lun lun), never (khng bao gi), occasionally (thnh thong),
usually (thng), often (thng), regularly (u n), seldom (t khi, him khi),
rarely (t khi, him khi)...
Ph t nghi vn (Interrogative adverbs): When? (lc no), where?( u),
why? (ti sao), how (nh th no? bng cch no?). Chng hn, When did he die?
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Ngoi l
True (tht, ng), truly
Due (ng, ng), duly
Whole (ton b), wholly
Good (tt, gii), well
Other (khc), otherwise
Cng c trng hp tnh t v ph t ging nhau v hnh thc . Chng hn, Back
seat (Gh sau) - It takes me an hour to walk there and back (Ti phi mt mt
ting ng h i t y n ri quay v), A pretty girl (Mt c gi xinh
xn) - The situation seems pretty hopeless (Tnh th c v kh tuyt vng), In
the near future (Trong tng lai gn y) - Sit near enough to see the screen (Hy
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
ngi gn nhn thy mn nh), Still water (Nc phng lng) - She is still
unconscious (C ta vn cn bt tnh), A little garden (Mt khu vn nh) - I slept
very little last night (m qua ti ng rt t), A late marriage (Mt cuc hn nhn
mun mn) - She married late (C ta ly chng mun), A nation-wide advertising
campaign (Mt chin dch qung co trn ton quc) - Police are looking for him
nation-wide (Cnh st ang truy lng hn trn ton quc), Bodily organs (Cc b
phn ca c th) - The audience rose bodily to salute the colours (Ton th c to
ng dy cho c)...
Nhng tnh t tn cng bng ly, chng hn nh Friendly (thn thin), Likely (c
th, chc), Lonely (c n)..., khng c dng nh ph t. din t chng di
dng ph t, ta phi lp nhng cm t nh In a friendly manner/way (mt cch
thn thin) chng hn.
c bit
2/ V d minh ho
- He eats more quickly than I do/than me (Anh ta n nhanh hn ti)
- He eats as quickly as I do/as me (Anh ta n nhanh bng ti)
- He doesn't eat as quickly as I do/as me hoc He doesn't eat so quickly as I
do/as me (Anh ta khng n nhanh bng ti).
- They arrived earlier than I expected
(H n sm hn ti tng)
- The sooner you begin, the sooner you'll finish
(Bn bt u cng sm, bn cng sm xong vic)
- The sooner the better (Cng sm cng tt)
- heir child screamed loudest of all
(Con ca h ht to nht trong bn)
- Who arrived the earliest?
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
(Ai n sm nht?)
VI TRI PHO TU
1/ Ph t ch cch thc (Adverbs of manner)
ng sau ng t. Chng hn, This old man drinks heavily (ng lo ny nghin ru
nng), She walked sluggishly (C ta i mt cch u oi).
ng sau tc t nu cu c mt tc t. Chng hn, He rendered me a service
voluntarily (Anh ta t nguyn gip ti), They speak French well (H ni ting
Php gii).
ng trc gii t hoc sau tc t khi ng t + gii t + tc t (nhng phi ng
trc gii t nu tc t di). Chng hn, She glances shyly at him hoc She
glances at him shyly (C ta e thn lic nhn anh ta), nhng She glances shyly at
everyone who attends her wedding ceremony (C ta e thn nhn nhng ngi n
d l ci ca c ta).
ng trc ng t nu tc t di. Chng hn, The teacher carefully marked all
the incorrect sentences on the blackboard (Thy gio cn thn nh du mi cu
sai trn bng en), He furiously declares that any latecomer will be blacklisted
(Anh ta in tit tuyn b rng ai n tr s b ghi vo s en).
2/ Ph t ch mc (Adverbs of degree)
ng trc mt ph t hoc mt tnh t b ngha cho ph t hoc tnh t y.
Chng hn, It is absolutely impossible (iu hon ton khng th c), She sings
very well (C ta ca rt hay).
c bit
- They have only two children
(H c vn vn hai a con)
- Only five people were hurt in the accident
(Ch c nm ngi b thng trong v tai nn)
- For external use only
(Dng ngoi da m thi)
- I only waited a few minutes, but it seemed like hours
(Ti ch i vi pht thi, m c nh my gi ng h)
- I hardly know this telephone number
(Ti va mi bit s in thoi ny m thi)
- I can hardly lift this bag
(Ti kh m nhc ni ci bao ny)
- Hardly anybody came
(Hu nh chng ai n)
-There's hardly any milk left
(Hu nh chng cn cht sa no)
-He has hardly any money
(Anh ta hu nh chng c tin)
- They hardly ever go to bed before midnight
(Hu nh h chng bao gi i ng trc na m)
- He can scarcely have said so
(Chc l anh y khng ni nh th)
- There were scarcely fifty strikers there
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Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
( ch c vn vn nm mi ngi nh cng)
- This river isn't deep enough for swimming
(Dng sng ny cha su bi li)
- Write clearly enough for us to read it
(Hy vit r cho chng ti c c)
V d minh ho
a) Who
- Who told him the news? (Ai bo tin cho anh ta?)
- Do you know who damaged my car?
(Bn c bit ai lm hng xe ti hay khng?)
- I wonder who phoned this morning
b) Whom
- Thay v Whom did they invite? (H mi nhng ai?), ngi ta thng ni Who did
they invite?
- Thay v Whom did you see at church? (Bn gp ai nh th?), ngi ta thng
ni Who did you see at church?
- Thay v With whom did you go? (Bn i vi ai?), ngi ta thng ni Who did
you go with?
- Thay v To whom are you speaking? (Bn ang ni chuyn vi ai?), ngi ta th-
ng ni Who are you speaking to?
c) Whose
Whose l tnh t.
- Whose house was broken into? (Nh ca ai b bn trm vo?)
- Whose book are they reading? (H ang c sch ca ai?)
Whose l i t.
- Whose are these newspapers ? (Nhng t bo ny l ca ai?)
- Whose is that house? (Nh l ca ai?)
d) Which
Which l tnh t.
- Which hat is hers? (M no l ca c ta?)
- Which way is quicker - by taxi or by pedicab?
(ng no th nhanh hn - bng taxi hay bng xe xch l?)
- Which languages did you study at school?
(Anh hc nhng th ting g trng?)
- Which journalist (of all journalists) do you admire most?
(Nh bo no bn ngng m nht?)
- Thay v To which address will you send this letter? (Bn s gi th ny n
a ch no), ngi ta thng ni Which address will
you send this letter to?. Tng t, thay v In which region do you work? (Bn
lm vic vng no?), ngi ta thng ni Which region do you work in?
Which l i t.
- Which is her hat? (M ca c ta l m no?)
- Which of them is the tallest? (Ngi no trong s h l cao nht?)
- Which of these two photos do you like best?
(Bn thch bc no nht trong hai bc nh ny?)
e) What
What l i t.
- What happens? (C chuyn g xy ra vy?)
- What made him so furious? (iu g khin hn in tit ln vy?)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
- Thay v What age are you?/What is your age?, ngi ta thng ni How old are
you? (Bn bao nhiu tui?)
- Thay v What height is he?/ What is his height?, ngi ta thng ni How tall is
he? (Anh ta cao bao nhiu?)
DAI TU NHAN XUNG
1/ Hnh thc
Ch t Tc t
S t Ngi th nht I Me
Ngi th hai You You
Ngi th ba He/She/It Him/Her/It
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S nhiu Ngi th nht We Us
Ngi th hai You You
Ngi th ba They Them
2/ V d minh ho
- This is my grandmother. She is old. Do you know her?
(y l b ti. B y th gi. Bn c bit b y hay khng?)
- Did you see the elephant? - Yes, I saw it and it saw me
(Bn thy voi cha? - Vng, ti thy n v n thy ti)
- My sister and I attend the same school
(Ch ti v ti hc cng mt trng)
- Where's Ba? - That's him over there (Ba u ri? - Anh ta kia ka)
- They gave you dinner. Did you thank them for it?
(H i bn n ti. Bn cm n h v vic cha?)
- She will stay with us (C y s li vi chng ta)
- You need to speak to someone like him
(Bn cn phi ni chuyn vi nhng ngi nh anh ta)
Lu
- Thay v It is I (ti y), ngi ta thng ni It's me.
- Thay v She is taller than I am (c ta cao hn ti), ngi ta thng ni She is
taller than me.
-Thay v He doesn't know as much as she does (anh ta khng bit nhiu bng
c ta), ngi ta thng ni He doesn't know as much as her .
- Khng ni It was him who told me the news (chnh anh ta bo tin cho ti), m
phi ni It was he who told me the news .
- C th ni Turn off the fan hoc Turn the fan off (Hy tt qut !), nhng nu
dng i t nhn xng th phi ni Turn it off.
- Vi vai tr ch t, You v One c th c dng nh nhau. Chng hn, You
cannot live on water (Bn khng th sng bng nc l) hoc One cannot live on
water (Ngi ta khng th sng bng nc l) . Tuy nhin, You vn thn mt v
thng dng hn One.
- They cng c ngha l Ngi ta . Chng hn, They say (that) he behaves very
badly towards his mother (Ngi ta ni rng hn i x vi m hn rt t).
3/ Ni ring v It
It thng dng cho mt vt, mt em b, hoc mt con vt m ta khng bit thuc
ging g.
V d:
- Where's your gun? - It is in the drawer.
(Khu sng ca bn u? - N trong ngn ko)
- Do you see that bird? It is singing very happily.
(Bn c thy con chim kia khng? N ang ht rt vui)
- Her new baby is very chubby. It weighs more than four kilos.
(a con mi sinh ca c ta rt mm mm. N nng hn bn k)
It dng trong cc thnh ng ch thi gian, khong cch, thi tit, nhit , thy
triu
V d:
- What time is it? - It is six (My gi ri? - Su gi ri)
- How far is it to London? - It is about 100 miles.
(n Lun n bao xa? - Khong 100 dm)
- It is raining/snowing (Tri ang ma/ang tuyt ri)
- It's a fine night (Tri m p)
- It is hot/cold/cool in this grotto
(Tht l nng/lnh/mt trong hang ny)
Thay v She finds (that) it is boring to stay at home (C ta thy ngi nh tht l
chn), ta c th ni She finds it boring to stay at home .
Ch t Tc t
S t Ngi th nht I Me
Ngi th hai You You
Ngi th ba He/She/It Him/Her/It
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S nhiu Ngi th nht We Us
Ngi th hai You You
Ngi th ba They Them
2/ V d minh ho
- This is my grandmother. She is old. Do you know her?
(y l b ti. B y th gi. Bn c bit b y hay khng?)
- Did you see the elephant? - Yes, I saw it and it saw me
(Bn thy voi cha? - Vng, ti thy n v n thy ti)
- My sister and I attend the same school
(Ch ti v ti hc cng mt trng)
- Where's Ba? - That's him over there (Ba u ri? - Anh ta kia ka)
- They gave you dinner. Did you thank them for it?
(H i bn n ti. Bn cm n h v vic cha?)
- She will stay with us (C y s li vi chng ta)
- You need to speak to someone like him
(Bn cn phi ni chuyn vi nhng ngi nh anh ta)
Lu
- Thay v It is I (ti y), ngi ta thng ni It's me.
- Thay v She is taller than I am (c ta cao hn ti), ngi ta thng ni She is
taller than me.
-Thay v He doesn't know as much as she does (anh ta khng bit nhiu bng
c ta), ngi ta thng ni He doesn't know as much as her .
- Khng ni It was him who told me the news (chnh anh ta bo tin cho ti), m
phi ni It was he who told me the news .
- C th ni Turn off the fan hoc Turn the fan off (Hy tt qut !), nhng nu
dng i t nhn xng th phi ni Turn it off.
- Vi vai tr ch t, You v One c th c dng nh nhau. Chng hn, You
cannot live on water (Bn khng th sng bng nc l) hoc One cannot live on
water (Ngi ta khng th sng bng nc l) . Tuy nhin, You vn thn mt v
thng dng hn One.
- They cng c ngha l Ngi ta . Chng hn, They say (that) he behaves very
badly towards his mother (Ngi ta ni rng hn i x vi m hn rt t).
3/ Ni ring v It
It thng dng cho mt vt, mt em b, hoc mt con vt m ta khng bit thuc
ging g.
V d:
- Where's your gun? - It is in the drawer.
(Khu sng ca bn u? - N trong ngn ko)
- Do you see that bird? It is singing very happily.
(Bn c thy con chim kia khng? N ang ht rt vui)
- Her new baby is very chubby. It weighs more than four kilos.
(a con mi sinh ca c ta rt mm mm. N nng hn bn k)
It dng trong cc thnh ng ch thi gian, khong cch, thi tit, nhit , thy
triu
V d:
- What time is it? - It is six (My gi ri? - Su gi ri)
- How far is it to London? - It is about 100 miles.
(n Lun n bao xa? - Khong 100 dm)
- It is raining/snowing (Tri ang ma/ang tuyt ri)
- It's a fine night (Tri m p)
- It is hot/cold/cool in this grotto
(Tht l nng/lnh/mt trong hang ny)
Thay v She finds (that) it is boring to stay at home (C ta thy ngi nh tht l
chn), ta c th ni She finds it boring to stay at home .
V d:
- It appears that there has been a mistake
(Dng nh c s nhm ln)
- It seems that he's resigned (Dng nh ng ta t chc)
V d:
- This is his handkerchief. Where is ours?
(y l khn tay ca anh ta. Ci ca chng ti u?)
- Your do your work and I do mine
(Bn lm vic ca bn, ti lm vic ca ti)
Lu : ng nhm tnh t s hu Its v cm t It's (vit tt ca It is)
1/ c im
Tnh t s hu ty thuc s hu ch, ch khng ty thuc vt s hu. Do
vy, nh ca anh ta l His house, nh ca c ta l Her house. M ca anh ta l His
mother, m ca c ta l Her mother.
Tnh t s hu khng ty thuc s ca vt s hu. Chng hn, my friend (bn
ca ti), my friends (cc bn cu ti), their room (phng ca h), their rooms (cc
phng ca h).
... ca con vt hoc s vt th dng Its. Chng hn, The dog wags its tail (con ch
vy ui), Depraved culture and its evils (vn ho i try v nhng tc hi ca
n), The table and its legs (ci bn v cc chn ca n).
Own cng c thm vo nhn mnh s s hu. Chng hn, Does that car
belong to the company, or is it your own? (chic xe t y ca cng ty, hay ca
ring anh?), Their own garden (mnh vn ring ca h).
Tnh t s hu cng c dng trc cc b phn c th. Chng hn, My legs hurt
(ti au chn), Her head is aching (c ta ang nhc u).
i t bt nh
- This problem is one of great difficulty (Vn ny l vn rt kh khn)
- We both want to go hunting (C hai chng ti u mun i sn)
- He gave the boys five dollars each (ng ta cho mi a b 5 la)
- I've bought two cakes - you can have either
(Ti mua hai ci bnh - anh c th ly mt trong hai ci )
- I chose neither of them (Ti khng chn ci no trong hai ci c)
- Several of us decided to walk (Nhiu ngi trong chng ti quyt nh i b)
- We had several loaves left - All (of them) were crisp
(Chng ti cn nhiu bnh m - Tt c (cc bnh m ) u gin)
- Everybody goes to church (Mi ngi u i nh th)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
Much (tnh t) ng trc danh t khng m c , Much (i t) thay
chodanh t khng m c . Much cng c th l ph t, chng hn nh I
didn't enjoy that comedy (very) much (Ti khng thch v hi ny lm) hoc
She's much better today (Hm nay c ta kh hn nhiu).
Much phn ngha vi Little.
Many (tnh t) ng trc danh t m c , Many (i t) thay cho danh t
m c . Many phn ngha vi Few.
Little cng c th l ph t v tnh t ch phm cht. Chng hn, I slept very
little last night
(m qua, ti ng rt t) [Ph t] vLittle holes to let air in (Nhng l nh
khng kh vo) (Tnh t ch phm cht).
A little cng c th l ph t, chng hn nh They are a little worried about
the next entrance examination (H hi lo v k thi tuyn sinh sp ti).
DAI TU QUAN HE
Ch t Tc t S hu
Trong ting Anh chnh thc, Whom thay cho Who khi Who khng phi l ch t
ca mnh quan h. Chng hn, Are you the witness whom/that the police
are looking for? (Anh c phi l nhn chng m cnh st ang tm hay
khng?)
Trong vn ni, ngi ta thng lc b i t quan h khi i t ny l tc t. Chng
hn, Isn't that the shirt (which/that) you wore? ( khng phi ci o s mi m
bn mc ch?), That's the stone (that) he broke the window with ( chnh
l hn m nh hn p v ca s). Tuy nhin, khng th lc b i t
quan h nu i t ny l ch t ca mnh quan h. Chng hn, The
mason who stands with arms akimbo is closely related to my driver (Ngi th n
ng chng nnh c quan h h hng gn vi ti x ca ti), She's the girl
who/that broke my heart (C ta chnh l c gi lm ti au kh), That's the
stone which/that broke the window ( chnh l hn lm v ca s).
Whose l s hu cch ca Who v i khi ca c Which.
V d:
- This is the girl. Her father is a policeman (y l c gi. Cha c ta l cnh
st vin) --> This
is the girl whose father is a policeman (y l c gi m cha l cnh st
vin).
- This is the steel tube. Its inner walls are rusty (y l ng thp. Cc vch
bn trong n b r)
--> This is the steel tube whose inner walls are rusty (y l ng thp m
cc vch bn trong b r).
c bit
Thay v The first scientist who discovers/discovered this principle (Nh
khoa hc u tin tm ra nguyn l ny), ta c th ni The first scientist
to discover this principle.
Thay v The only one who understands/understood this equation (Ngi
duy nht hiu c phng trnh ny), ta c th ni The only one to
understand this equation .
hay v Employees who work overtime will be entitled to extra pay (Nhn
vin lm thm ngoi gi s c hng tin ph tri), ta c th ni Employees
working overtime will be entitled to extra pay .
Thay v A decision which enables investors to expand their business
(Mt quyt nh
cho php gii u t khuch trng vic lm n ca h), ta c th ni A
decision enabling
investors to expand their business.
- This letter is from my father-in-law, whom you met last week at the airport
(Bc th ny
l ca b v ti, ngi m anh gp tun ri sn bay).
- Mrs Hoa, to whom we are speaking , owns a well-known supermarket in this
city (B
Hoa, ngi m chng ti ang ni chuyn, l ch mt siu th ni ting
thnh ph ny)
- My sister gave me this shirt, which she had sewed herself
(Ch ti cho ti ci o s mi ny, ci o m ch t tay may)
- That house, which I bought ten years ago , is still solid.
(Cn nh y, cn nh m ti mua cch y 10 nm, vn cn
vng chc)
- Their hotel, whose staff are very helpful, is an example to all other hotels
(Khch sn
ca h, ni nhn vin phc v rt c lc, l mt tm gng cho tt c cc
khch sn khc
noi theo)
2/ i t ch nh (demonstrative pronouns)
V d:
- This is my room. That's hers.
(y l phng ca ti. Kia l ca c ta)
- These are the bright colours. Those are the dark ones.
(y l nhng mu ti. Kia l nhng mu sm)
- This is cng c th dng gii thiu.
V d:
-Ba (to An): This is my sister Hoa.
(Ba ni vi An: y l Hoa, em gi ti)
- Ba (to Hoa): Hoa, this is An.
(Ba ni vi Hoa: Hoa, y l An)
The former = Ngi th nht, vt th nht (trong hai ngi, trong hai vt)
The latter = Ngi th hai, vt th hai (trong hai ngi, trong hai vt)
V d:
- I have two French friends, the former is an engineer and the latter is a lawyer
(Ti c hai ngi bn Php, ngi th nht l k s v ngi th hai l lut s)
- If I had to choose between wealth and peacefulness, I'd prefer the latter
(Nu phi chn gia s giu sang v s thanh nhn, ti thch ci th hai hn)
GIOI TU
TONG QUAT
Gii t l mt t (At, Between, In, On, Under...) hoc nhm t (Apart from, In
front of, Instead of, On account of...) ng trc danh t hoc i t ch v
tr, thi gian, cch thc... Cng c trng hp hin ti phn t c dng lm gii t
(Considering, Following, Regarding, Concerning...).
V d:
- The murderer is to be shot at dawn (K git ngi s b x bn lc bnh minh)
- B comes between A and C in the English alphabet
(B ng gia A v C trong bng ch ci ting Anh)
- A country in Europe (Mt nc chu u)
- Dirty marks on the ceiling (Vt bn trn trn nh)
- The water fows under the bridge (Nc chy di cu)
- We sometimes drink lemonade instead of coffee
(i khi chng ti ung nc chanh thay cho c ph)
- Apart from her nose, this actress looks very glamorous
(Ngoi ci mi ra, n din vin ny trng rt quyn r)
- Decision concerning the export of timber (Quyt nh v vic xut khu g)
VI TRI CUA GIOI TU
a) Trc danh t. Chng hn, Our boat was rocked by the waves (Thuyn ca chng
ti b sng nh lc l), The earth moves round the sun (Tri t chuyn ng
quanh mt tri).
b) Trc i t. Chng hn, An obese man stood in front of her (Mt g bo ph
ng trc mt c ta), Your name comes after mine on the list (Tn bn ng sau
tn ti trn danh sch), The policeman to whom she was speaking (Vin cnh st m
c ta ang ni chuyn), About whom are you thinking? (Bn ang ngh n ai
vy?) .
c) Trc danh ng t. Chng hn, Why don't you help me instead of just standing
there? (Ti sao bn khng gip ti thay v ng ngy ra ?), He is always
forward in helping others (Anh ta lun st sng gip ngi khc).
d) Sau ng t. Chng hn, The boy asked for more money (Cu b xin thm
tin), I have thought about this very carefully (Ti suy ngh rt k v vic
ny).
e) Sau tnh t. Chng hn, He was very good to me when I was ill (Anh ta rt tt vi
ti khi ti bnh), New York is famous for its skyscrapers (New York ni ting nh
nhng to nh chc tri).
f) Sau danh t. Chng hn, They attached very great importance to the program
(H rt coi trng chng trnh ny), My teacher is known for excellence in all forms
of sport (Thy ti ni ting v ti ngh iu luyn trong mi loi hnh th thao).
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
g) Cui cu hi. Chng hn, Who are you thinking about? (Bn ang ngh n ai
vy?), What are they talking about? (H ang ni v iu g vy?).
h) Cui mnh quan h. Chng hn, The friend (who ) I went with (Ngi bn m
ti i chung), The photographs (that ) you are looking at were taken by my father
(Nhng bc nh m bn ang xem l do cha ti chp).
i) Cui mt cu dng th ng. Chng hn, The matter has not yet been dealt
with (S vic cha c gii quyt), Why is your daughter crying? - She has just
been shouted at (Ti sao con gi anh khc? - N va mi b mng).
j) Cui nhng cu nh What a terrible state she was in! (C ta trong mt tnh
trng kinh khng tht!), We have no merit to speak of (Chng ti chng c cng
trng g ng ni n c), An article hard to get rid of (Mn hng kh bn).
Lu
I relied on her being efficient (Ti tin vo vic c y c nng lc), ch khng
ni I relied on that she was efficient .
He left early to catch the last bus (Hn ra i sm kp chuyn xe byt
cui cng), ch khng ni He left early for to catch the last bus .
He moved towards me, ch khng ni He moved towards I .
a) Please do not write below this line (Xin ng vit di dng ny) (gii t)
The passengers who felt seasick stayed below
(Hnh khch say sng th bn di) (trng t)
b) We left school after that event
(Chng ti ri gh nh trng sau bin c y) (gii t)
The day after, he apologized (Ngy hm sau, anh ta xin li) (trng t)
c) They knelt before the throne (H qu trc ngai vng) (gii t)
You should have told me so before
(L ra bn phi cho ti bit trc chuyn y) (trng t)
d) Gold fish swimming round the bowl
(C vng bi quanh chu) (gii t)
Stop turning your head round to look at the girls
(ng quay li nhn cc c gi na) (trng t)
DONG TU
TONG QUAT
ng t l t ch mt hnh ng, mt s kin hoc mt trng thi . Cm ng
t (Phrasal verb) l ng t c gii t hoc ph t km theo mang mt ngha
khc vi ngha thng thng .
V d :
- He translates a contract from Vietnamese into English
(Anh ta dch mt hp ng t ting Vit sang ting Anh)
- Many memorable events happened last year
(Nm ngoi xy ra nhiu s kin ng nh)
- The situation became unfavourable to them
(Tnh th tr nn bt li cho h)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Cch (Mood) cho bit rng hnh ng do ng t din t l chc chn, c tnh
cch mnh lnh, phi ph thuc mt iu kin no , cha chc chn hoc
ch mi l mong c m thi. Chng hn, Trc thuyt cch (Indicative Mood) din
t mt hnh ng , ang hoc s din ra trong hin thc. iu kin cch
(Conditional Mood) din t mt tng m vic thc hin cn phi ty thuc mt
iu kin no . Gi nh cch (Subjunctive Mood) din t hoc mt mong c
hoc mt tnh trng gi tng. Mnh lnh cch (Imperative Mood) din t mt
mnh lnh hoc mt li khuyn co.
V d :
- President Ho Chi Minh died in 1969 (Ch tch H Ch Minh t trn nm
1969)
- We are preparing for the university entrance examination (Chng ti ang
chun b cho k thi
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
vo i hc)
- Tomorrow morning, he will not preside at the monthly meeting (Sng mai,
ng ta s khng ch
tr cuc hp hng thng)
- Try hard to succeed and stop thinking about frivolities ! (Hy c gng ht
mnh thnh cng
v ng ngh n nhng chuyn lng bng na !)
- She can stay at home if she likes (C ta c th nh nu c ta thch)
- If we had been there yesterday morning, he would have invited us to
breakfast ( Nu sng
hm qua chng ti c mt , ng ta mi chng ti n im tm)
- Long live the king ! (c vua vn tu !)
- Heaven help us ! (Ly tri ph h chng con !)
- He staggers as though he were dead drunk (Hn bc long chong nh l
say mm)
Hnh thc
- Hnh thc khng nh (Affirmative Form) : Hoa is a programmer (Hoa l
lp trnh vin), They go shopping (H i mua sm), She smiled happily (C ta
mm ci sung sng).
- Hnh thc ph nh (Negative Form) : Hoa is not / isn't a programmer
(Hoa khng phi l lp trnh vin), They do not / don't go shopping (H khng i
mua sm), She did not / didn't smile happily (C ta khng mm ci sung sng).
- Hnh thc nghi vn (Interrogative Form) : Is Hoa a programmer ? (Hoa c
phi l lp trnh vin hay khng?), Do they go shopping ? (H c i mua sm hay
khng?), Did she smile happily ? (C ta c mm ci sung sng hay khng?).
- Hnh thc nghi vn ph nh (Negative Interrogative Form) : Thay v Is
Hoa not a programmer ? (Hoa khng phi l lp trnh vin hay sao?), Do they not
go shopping ? (H khng i mua sm ch?) v Did she not smile happily ? (C ta
khng mm ci sung sng sao?), ngi ta thng vit Isn't Hoa a programmer ?,
Don't they go shopping ? v Didn't she smile happily ?
THI VA CACH CUA DONG TU
THI
THI HIEN TAI
Hnh thc
V d : TO WORK
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn Nghi vn ph nh
I work I don't work Do I work? Don't I work?
You work You don't work Do you work Don't you work?
He/she/it works He/she/it doesn't work Does he/she/it work? Doesn't he/she/it work?
We work We don't work Do we work? Don't we work?
You work You don't work Do you work? Don't you work?
They work They don't work Do they work? Don't they work?
Don't v Doesn't chnh l Do not v Does not. Chng hn, I do not work tnh
lc thnh I don't work, hoc Do you not work? tnh lc thnh Don't you work?
Th hin ti n gin c hnh thc ging nh nguyn mu, ch khc mt iu l
thm S ngi th ba s t (He/She/It). Chng hn, To play --> She plays, To stand
--> He stands, To smile --> She smiles.
Tuy nhin, phi thm ES nu ng t tn cng bng SS, CH, SH, X v O. Chng
hn, To miss --> She misses, To push --> He pushes, To clutch --> He clutches, To
fix --> He fixes, To do --> She does, To go --> It goes.
Cng ngi th ba s t, Y i thnh IES nu ng t tn cng bng ph m +
Y. Chng hn, To bury --> It buries, To identify --> He identifies, To deny --> She
denies. Tuy nhin, nu ng t tn cng bng nguyn m + Y th thm S nh
bnh thng. Chng hn, To stay --> She stays, To pay --> He pays, To obey --> He
obeys.
Cng dng
Din t thi quen hoc n np.
V d:
- I bath every night (Ti no ti cng tm)
- How often do the buses run? (Cch bao lu li c xe byt?)
- He always brushes his teeth after meals (Anh ta lun chi rng sau khi n)
- You never get up early (Chng bao gi cc anh dy sm c)
- We go to church twice a week (Chng ti i l hai ln mi tun)
- They often advise me to attend evening classes (H thng khuyn ti hc lp
m)
Din t mt iu kin.
V d:
- If he sees you, he'll give you a good talking-to
(Nu gp anh, hn s mng anh mt trn ra tr)
- We'll starve unless we find any barracks at the foot of the mountain
(Chng ta s cht i nu khng tm c doanh tri no chn ni)
V d : TO WORK
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn Nghi vn ph nh
I am working I am not working Am I working? Am I not working?
You are working You are not working Are you working? Are you not
working?
He/she/it is working He/she/it is not working Is he/she/it working? Is he/she/it not
working?
We are working We are not working Are we working? Are we not
working?
You are working You are not working Are you working? Are you not
working?
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
They are working They are not working Are they working? Are they not
working
I am working , He is working , They are working ... thng tnh lc thnh I'm
working , He's working, They're working ...
I am not working , You are not working , He is not working ...thng tnh lc thnh
I'm not working , You're not working / You aren't working , He's not
working / He isn't working ...
Am I not working? , Are you not working? , Is he not working? ... thng tnh lc
thnh Aren't I working? , Aren't you working? , Isn't he working? ...
Cng dng
Din t mt tng lai tht gn. Chng hn, I am taking an oral examination
tomorrow morning (Sng mai, ti thi vn p), Are you doing anything this
afternoon? (Anh c lm g chiu nay hay khng?)
Din t mt hnh ng lp i lp li theo thi quen. Chng hn, She is always
wearing her jumper the wrong way round (C ta lun mc o len nhm ng trc
ra ng sau), You are always getting the wrong number (Cc anh lun quay
nhm s in thoi).
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn
I have worked I have not worked Have I worked?
You have worked You have not worked Have you worked?
He/she/it has worked He/she/it has not worked Has he/she/it worked?
We have worked We have not worked Have we worked?
You have worked You have not worked Have you worked?
They have worked They have not worked Have they worked?
I have worked , He has worked , They have worked ... thng tnh lc thnh I've
worked, He's worked, They've worked.
I have not worked , He has not worked , They have not worked ... thng tnh lc
thnh I haven't worked/I've not worked, He hasn't worked/He's not worked,
They haven't worked/They've not worked ...
Have I not worked? , Has he not worked? , Have they not worked? (Nghi vn ph
nh)... thng tnh lc thnh Haven't I worked?, Hasn't he worked?, Haven't
they worked?
Cng dng
c bit
- I have never heard such nonsense (Ti cha bao gi nghe mt chuyn phi l
nh vy)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Hin ti hon thnh lin tin = Hin ti hon thnh ca TO BE + Hin ti phn
t.
Xc nh: I have been working , He has been working ...
Ph nh: I have not / haven't been working, He has not / hasn't been working ...
Nghi vn: Have I been working? Has he been working? ...
Nghi vn ph nh: Have I not / Haven't I been working?, Has he not / Hasn't he
been working?...
Cng dng
Cng dng
- They lived there for two years and had to disguise themselves as stevedores
to evade capture by the Gestapo (H sng hai nm v phi ci trang lm
phu bc vc trnh s lng bt ca Gestapo)
- I once saw a drunk drive recklessly at top speed in the rush-hour traffic. As a
result, his car skidded, rushed onto the pavement, ran over two pedestrians
and killed them (C ln ti thy mt g say ru liu lnh phng xe ht tc lc
gia dng xe c ngc xui trong gi cao im. Kt qu l xe hn trt bnh, lao
ln va h v cn cht hai ngi i b)
Trong cu iu kin loi 2.
V d :
- If you were expert in English and French, you would easily find a job as a
translator in my company
(Nu anh thng tho ting Anh v ting Php, anh s d kim c mt chn
phin dch trong cng ty ti)
- If someone volunteered to lend me money, I would try my best to become a
billionaire
(Nu ai tnh nguyn cho ti mn tin, ti s lm ht sc mnh tr thnh t
ph)
Xc nh Phu nh Nghi vn
I was working I was not working Was I working?
You were working You were notworking Were you working?
He/she/it was working He/she/it was not working Was he/she/it working?
We were working We were not working Were we working?
You were working You were not working Were you working?
They were working They were not working Were they working?
I was not working , You were not working , He was not working ... thng tnh lc
thnh I wasn't working, You weren't working, He wasn't working ...
Was I not working ?Were you not working ? Was he not working ? (Nghi vn ph
nh)... thng tnh lc thnh Wasn't I working? Weren't you working? Wasn't
he working? ...
Lu
- Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love, Believe , Trust , Want ,
Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive, Notice , Understand , Forget , Remember ,
Recollect , Consist , Contain , Concern , Belong , Possess , Own , Owe , Concern ,
Matter , Appear (c v), Look (c v), Seem (dng nh), Smell (c mi), Taste (c
v), Sound (c v), Mean (c ngha l), Signify (c ngha l),See (hiu),
Realize (hiu), Recognize (nhn thc), Hold (cha ng), Keep (tip tc),
Admire (khm phc)... l nhng ng t khng dng Qu kh lin tin.
Cng dng
Cng dng
Khi hai hnh ng cng xy ra trong qu kh, ta dng Qu kh hon thnh cho
hnh ng no xy ra trc v Qu kh n gin cho hnh ng no xy ra sau.
V d :
- I met them after they had divorced each other (Ti gp h sau khi h ly d
nhau)
- Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two years before
(Lan ni rng trc hai nm, c ta tng c chn lm hoa hu)
- I was anxious about these children's plight, because their mother had been
consumptive for three months (Ti i ngi cho hon cnh ng thng ca nhng
a tr ny, v m chng mc bnh lao phi ba thng ri)
- An idea occured to him that she herself had helped him very much in the
everyday life
(Hn cht ngh ra rng chnh c ta gip hn rt nhiu trong cuc sng
hng ngy)
- She wondered why you had referred to her unhappy childhood
(C ta khng hiu ti sao anh li nhc n thi th u bt hnh ca c ta)
- When I entered the dining-room, she had just finished washing the dishes
(Khi ti bc vo phng n, c ta va mi ra bt a xong)
- When the police reached the scene of the crime, the murderer had just killed
himself with his own high-powered rife
(Khi cnh st n hin trng, hung th va mi t st bng khu sng trng cc
mnh ca chnh hn)
- No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he was ordered to pack
his bags
(Anh ta mi i xa v th li c lnh cun gi ra i)
Thay choHin ti hon thnh v Qu kh n gin khi chuynLi ni trc tip
sangLi ni gin tip.
V d :
- He said, "I have worked in this company for years" (ng ta ni : "Ti lm vic
cng ty ny nhiu nm ri") ---> He said that he had worked in that
company for years (ng ta ni rng ng ta lm vic cng ty y nhiu nm
ri)
- She said, "I left France five years ago" (C ta ni : "Ti ri nc Php cch y
nm nm") ---> She said that she had left France five years before (C ta ni
rng c ta ri nc Php trc nm nm)
Trong cu iu kin loi 3. Chng hn, If I had met them early this morning, I
would have given them a lift to the town (Nu sng sm nay ti gp h, ti cho
h i nh xe ra th trn)
Sau If only (th hin s hi tic) Chng hn, If only I had met them early this
morning ! (Phi chi sng sm nay ti gp h!).
Hnh thc
Cng dng
Quan h gia Qu kh hon thnh lin tin v Qu kh hon thnh cng ging
nh quan h gia Hin ti hon thnh lin tin vHin ti hon thnh .
V d :
- She was sluggish because she had been sitting up all night to watch the
Olympics on TV
(C ta u oi v thc sut m xem i hi limpich th gii trn ti-vi)
- I had been trying hard not to laugh
(Ti c gng ht sc khng ci to)
i khi ngi ta vn dng ng t Want v Wish Qu kh hon thnh lin tin.
Chng hn, I lent her an encyclopedia of music. She had been wanting it for
ages (Ti cho c ta mn mt quyn t in bch khoa v m nhc. C ta cn
quyn y lu lm ri)
TUONG LAI
TUONG LAI DON GIAN
Hnh thc
Xc nh Ph nh
I will/I'll work I will not/I won't work
You will/You'll work You will not/You won't work
He will/He'll work He will not/He won't work
We will/We'll work We will not/We won't work
You will/You'll work You will not/You won't work
They will/They'll work They will not/They won't work
Nghi vn Nghi vn ph nh
Shall I work? Shall I not work?/Shan't I work?
Will you work? Will you not work?/Won't you work?
Will he work? Will he not work?/Won't he work?
Shall we work? Shall we not work?/Shan't we work?
Will you work? Will you not work?/Won't you work?
Will they work? Will they not work?/Won't they work?
Will thng dng hnShall , nhng khng trang trng bngShall . Chng hn, I
ensure that customers shall receive a warm welcome from my company (Ti bo
m khch hng s c cng ty ti tip n nng nhit), The coastal defences
shall be personally inspected by Fleet Admiral (Cc tuyn phng th b bin s do
ch thn thy s c kim tra),The private enterprises shall maintain their
operations until further notice (Cc doanh nghip t nhn s duy tr hot ng ca
mnh n khi c thng bo mi).
Shall I v Shall we dng m u li gi . Chng hn, Shall I come in? (Ti
vo c ch?), Shall we go home? (Chng ta v nh nh?).
Cng dng
Lu
Be going to ngha l "Sp sa" (tng lai gn), "D nh".
V d :
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
TL LIEN TIEP
Hnh thc
Cng dng
TL HOAN THANH
Hnh thc
Cng dng
Tng lai hon thnh lin tin = Shall/Will have been + Hin ti phn t (i vi
ngi 1) hoc Will have been + Hin ti phn t (i vi ngi 2 v 3)
Cng dng
Quan h gia Tng lai hon thnh lin tin vTng lai hon thnh cng ging nh
quan h gia Hin ti hon thnh lin tin vHin ti hon thnh . Tng lai hon
thnh lin tin cng i km vi t ng ch thi gian nh By then , By that time , By the
end of the year ... chng hn.
V d :
- By the end of this century, United Nations Organization will have been
existing for 55 years (n cui th k ny, T chc Lin hip quc tn ti
c 55 nm)
- They will move to Ho Chi Minh City next year. By that time, you will have
been living in Ho Chi Minh City for twenty-four years (Nm ti, h s dn v
thnh ph H Ch Minh. n lc , anh sng thnh ph H Ch Minh c
24 nm)
Xc nh : I would/I'd work (hoc I should work), You would work/You'd work ...
Cng dng
Trong cu iu kin loi 2. Chng hn, If she turned up now, we would be very
surprised (Nu by gi c y xut hin, chng ti s rt ngc nhin).
Thay choTng lai n gin , khi ng t ca mnh chnh th qu kh.
V d :
- They assume that I shall/will applaud their audacious plan (H cho rng ti s
tn thnh k hoch to bo ca h) ---> They assumed that I should/would
applaud their audacious plan.
- I expect that your business will get better results (Ti mong rng cng chuyn
lm n ca anh s t kt qu kh quan hn) ---> I expected that your business
would get better results.
Trong cc cng dng c bit ca Should v Would .
V d :
- We should say our prayers before going to bed (Chng ta nn cu nguyn trc
khi i ng)
- Children shouldn't imitate the adults' vices (Tr em khng nn bt chc thi h
tt xu ca ngi ln)
- You should have rised early to attend morning service (L ra anh phi dy sm
d l sng)
- I should like to ask a favour of you (Ti mun nh anh mt vic)
- Why should he have the audacity to do it? (Sao n li c gan lm nh vy
nh?)
- Hoa was anxious that exam results should be announced as soon as possible
(Hoa nng lng mong cho kt qu thi c cng b cng sm cng tt)
- He grown a beard in order that everyone should believe him to be old (ng ta
ru mi ngi tng ng ta gi)
- Should you change your mind, please let us know at once (Nu c thay i
kin, xin ng vui lng bo cho chng ti bit ngay)
- Would you give this report a look-over to make suggestions? (Anh vui lng
xem qua bn bo co ny gp )
- Would you like some white coffee? (Anh dng t c ph sa nh?)
- That's just what he would say ( chnh l iu m c l anh ta s ni ra)
- He changed his password so that nobody would be able to access data on his
computer (Anh ta i mt khu khng ai truy cp c d liu trn my ca
anh ta)
Cng dng
1/ V d v cu iu kin loi 1
c bit
- If he is poor, why does he own two adjacent houses?
(Nu anh ta ngho th ti sao anh ta c hai cn nh k nhau?)
- If it stops raining, I can drive faster
(Nu tri tnh ma, ti c th li xe nhanh hn)
- If this staircase is slippery, she may take a false step
(Nu cu thang ny trn, c th b y s b trt chn)
- If you want to lose weight, eat less fat and take more exercise (Nu mun st
cn, ch hy bt n cht bo v tp th dc nhiu hn)
- If they are sleeping, I'll turn off the radio
(Nu h ang ng, ti s tt rai)
- If you have finished eating, I'll have the domestic clear the table (Nu anh n
xong, ti s bo ngi gip vic dn bn)
2/ V d v cu iu kin loi 2
3/ V d v cu iu kin loi 3
- If you had followed my advice, you would be singing joyfully with your family now
(Nu nghe theo li khuyn ca ti th by gi anh ang ca ht vui v vi gia
nh anh)
- If I hadn't followed your advice, I would be behind bars now/I would have been
behind bars
(Nu khng nghe theo li khuyn ca anh th by gi ti ngi t)
- Thay v If they had obeyed traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have
happened
(Nu h i ng lut, tai nn ny u c xy ra), ta c th ni Had they obeyed
traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have happened .
- Thay v If we had met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house
(Nu gp anh ta ngoi ph, chng ti mi anh ta v nh chi ri), ta c th ni
Had we met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house .
V hnh thc, mnh lnh cch ca ngi th hai ging nh Nguyn mu khng c To.
V d :
- Hurry ! (Nhanh ln!)
- Shut up ! (Im i !)
- Wait for them ! (Hy i h!)
- Always clean your teeth before going to bed ! (Hy lun lun nh rng trc khi
i ng)
- Never repeat it ! (ng bao gi nhc li iu !)
- Never tell lies (ng bao gi ni di)
- Don't hurry ! (ng vi !)
- Don't wait for them ! (ng i h!)
- Don't be rude ! (ng hn lo!)
ngi th nht, mnh lnh cch = Let us/Let's + Nguyn mu khng c To .
V d :
- Let's hand in our examination papers ! (Chng ta hy np bi thi !)
- Let's stand up ! (Chng ta hy ng dy!)
- Let's not make so much noise ! (Chng ta ng lm n nh vy!)
- Let's not talk with them ! (Chng ta ng ni chuyn vi h!)
ngi th ba, mnh lnh cch = Let him / her / it / them + Nguyn mu khng c
To . Tuy nhin, ph nh, ta dng Is not / Are not to hoc Must not .
V d :
- Let him wait ! (Hy anh ta i y!)
- Let them come in ! (Hy h vo!)
- They must not come in / They are not to come in (H khng c vo)
Do lm cho mnh lnh hoc li yu cu dt khot hn.
V d :
- Do shut up ! (Cm mm ngay!)
- Do stand aside ! (ng sang mt bn xem no!)
GIA DINH CACH
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Hnh thc
Cng dng
1) She says that she is a film star (C ta ni rng c ta l ngi sao in nh)
2) She says that she has been ill for three days (C ta ni rng c ta m ba
hm nay)
3) She says that she lived there from 1990 to 1995
(C ta ni rng c ta sng t 1990 n 1995)
4) She says that she has just seen a horror film
(C ta ni rng c ta va mi xem mt phim kinh d)
5) She says that she is breast-feeding her baby (C ta ni rng c ta ang cho
con b)
6) She says that she will teach us Japanese every day
(C ta ni rng ngy no c ta cng s dy ting Nht cho chng ti)
B/ ng t ca mnh chnh Th qu kh
1) She said that she was a film star (C ta ni rng c ta l ngi sao in nh)
2) She said that she had been ill for three days (C ta ni rng c ta m ba
hm ri)
3) She said that she had lived there from 1990 to 1995
(C ta ni rng c ta sng t 1990 n 1995)
4) She said that she had just seen a horror film
(C ta ni rng c ta va mi xem mt phim kinh d)
5) She said that she was breast-feeding her baby (C ta ni rng c ta ang cho
con b)
6) She said that she would teach us Japanese every day
(C ta ni rng ngy no c ta cng s dy ting Nht cho chng ti)
TRO DONG TU
TRO DONG TU CHINH
Tr ng t chnh (Principal Auxiliaries) ---> Have , Be , Do
BE
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn
I am / I'm I am not / I'm not Am I?
You are / You're You are not / You're not Are you?
He is / He's He is not / He's not Is he?
She is / She's She is not / She's not Is she?
It is / It's It is not / It's not Is it?
We are / We're We are not / We're not Are we?
You are / You're You are not / You're not Are you?
They are / They're They are not / They're not Are they?
- Thay v You're not , We're not , He's not , They're not , ta c th vit You aren't,
We aren't, He isn't, They aren't
- Nghi vn ph nh l Am I not / Aren't I? Are you not / Aren't you? Is he
not / Isn't he? ...
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Th qu kh (Past Tense)
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn
I was I was not/wasn't Was I?
You were You were not/weren't Were you?
He/She/It was He/She/It was not/wasn't Was he/she/it ?
We were We were not/weren't Were we?
You were You were not/weren't Were you?
They were They were not/weren't Were they?
Cng dng
HAVE
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn
I have/I've I have not/haven't Have I?
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
- Thay v I haven't, You haven't, He hasn't, ta c th vit I've not, You've not,
He's not ...
- Nghi vn ph nh l Have I not / Haven't I? Have you not / Haven't you?
Has he not/Hasn't he? ...
- i vi th qu kh, Had / 'd l hnh thc khng nh cho tt c cc ngi &
Had not / Hadn't l hnh thc ph nh cho tt c cc ngi. Hnh thc nghi vn
ph nh l Had I not / Hadn't I?, Had you not / Hadn't you? ...
Cng dng
DO
Xc nh Ph nh Nghi vn
I do I do not/don't Do I?
You do You do not/don't Do you?
He does He does not/doesn't Does he?
She does She does not/doesn't Does she?
It does It does not/doesn't Does it?
We do We do not/don't Do we?
You do You do not/don't Do you?
They do They do not/don't Do they?
Cng dng
ng t khim khuyt (Modal Auxiliaries) ---> Can &Could , May &Might , Must ,
Ought ,Shall &Should , Will &Would , Need , Dare , Used
1/ c im :
- Khng c s ngi th ba s t. Chng hn, He must (Anh ta phi), She can (C
ta c th).
- Khng c nguyn mu v phn t, nn cng khng dng th lin tin.
- Theo sau ng t khim khuyt l Nguyn mu khng c To (ngoi tr Ought ).
Chng hn, We should / must try our best (Chng ta nn/phi c gng ht sc
mnh), nhng We ought to try our best (Chng ta phi c gng ht sc mnh).
- Could, Might, Should v Would l cc hnh thc qu kh, nhng dng rt hn
ch.
2/ V d minh ho :
- Can you speak Vietnamese ?
(Anh ni ting Vit Nam c khng?)
- She cannot / can't swim faster
(C ta khng th bi nhanh hn)
- Can I smoke here?
(Ti ht thuc y c khng ?)
- You can come with me, if you like
(Anh c th i vi ti, nu anh thch)
- We cannot / can't make a lot of noise at work
(Chng ta khng c to ting ni lm vic)
- Can you help me with this door ?
(Anh c th gip ti m ca ny hay khng?)
- Hanoi can be rainy
( H Ni c th ma nhiu)
- Couldn't we stand here for a moment ?
(Chng ta khng ng y chc lt c sao?)
- Could I ask you a question?
(Ti hi anh mt cu c khng ?)
- Don't worry - she could have just told you a joke
(ng lo - c l c y ch ni a vi anh thi)
- On arrival in France, I shall be in touch with your family
(Khi n Php, ti s lin lc vi gia nh anh)
- Shall we be there in time for the press conference?
(Chng ta s n kp bui hp bo hay khng?)
- Our company shall not / shan't be responsible for any damage caused by
customers
(Cng ty chng ti s khng chu trch nhim v bt c thit hi no do khch
hng gy ra)
- Tomorrow will be her birthday
(Ngy mai s l sinh nht ca c ta)
- She will never forget the horrific scenes after that food
(C ta s khng bao gi qun c nhng cnh tng hi hng sau trn lt y)
- Will you please come in ?
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
1/ c im :
- Khng c s ngi th ba s t. Chng hn, He must (Anh ta phi), She can (C
ta c th).
- Khng c nguyn mu v phn t, nn cng khng dng th lin tin.
- Theo sau ng t khim khuyt l Nguyn mu khng c To (ngoi tr Ought ).
Chng hn, We should / must try our best (Chng ta nn/phi c gng ht sc
mnh), nhng We ought to try our best (Chng ta phi c gng ht sc mnh).
- Could, Might, Should v Would l cc hnh thc qu kh, nhng dng rt hn
ch.
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
2/ V d minh ho :
- Can you speak Vietnamese ?
(Anh ni ting Vit Nam c khng?)
- She cannot / can't swim faster
(C ta khng th bi nhanh hn)
- Can I smoke here?
(Ti ht thuc y c khng ?)
- You can come with me, if you like
(Anh c th i vi ti, nu anh thch)
- We cannot / can't make a lot of noise at work
(Chng ta khng c to ting ni lm vic)
- Can you help me with this door ?
(Anh c th gip ti m ca ny hay khng?)
- Hanoi can be rainy
( H Ni c th ma nhiu)
- Couldn't we stand here for a moment ?
(Chng ta khng ng y chc lt c sao?)
- Could I ask you a question?
(Ti hi anh mt cu c khng ?)
- Don't worry - she could have just told you a joke
(ng lo - c l c y ch ni a vi anh thi)
- On arrival in France, I shall be in touch with your family
(Khi n Php, ti s lin lc vi gia nh anh)
- Shall we be there in time for the press conference?
(Chng ta s n kp bui hp bo hay khng?)
- Our company shall not / shan't be responsible for any damage caused by
customers
(Cng ty chng ti s khng chu trch nhim v bt c thit hi no do khch
hng gy ra)
- Tomorrow will be her birthday
(Ngy mai s l sinh nht ca c ta)
- She will never forget the horrific scenes after that food
(C ta s khng bao gi qun c nhng cnh tng hi hng sau trn lt y)
- Will you please come in ?
(Mi anh vo)
- Will you have a drink?
(Anh ung th g nh?)
- May I turn on the air-conditioner?
(Ti bt my lnh c khng ?)
- You may turn on the air-conditioner if you wish
(Anh c th bt my lnh nu anh thch)
- Hoa may not cook today
(C th hm nay Hoa khng nu n)
- She may be cooking in the kitchen
(C th c y ang nu n trong bp)
- She may have forgotten to cook me my lunch
(C th c y qun nu cm tra cho ti)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
DT NGUEYN MAU
Hnh thc
Cng dng
- They stayed at home because they couldn't afford to get tickets for the Cup
Final
(H nh v khng tin mua v xem trn chung kt Cp v ch)
- They have made up their mind to join their family in Vietnam
(H quyt nh i on t vi gia nh ti Vit Nam)
- It never occurred to him to help anyone (Hn chng bao gi ny ra ngh
gip ai)
- The director-general turned out to be one of my fellow countrymen
(Ho ra ng tng gim c l ngi ng hng vi ti)
f) Sau Advise, allow , ask , beg , command , compel , enable, encourage , expect ,
forbid , force , implore , induce , instruct , invite , oblige , order , permit , persuade ,
remind , request , show , teach , tell , train , urge , want , warn .
V d :
- I want you to go there with me (Ti mun anh i vi ti n )
- They asked Bill to finish his work as soon as possible
(H yu cu Bill hon thnh cng vic cng sm cng tt)
- She always expects his husband to earn more and more money
(C ta lun mong chng mnh ngy cng kim c nhiu tin hn)
- My parents taught me never to tell lies (B m ti dy ti khng bao gi c
ni di)
- Show us how to operate this machine-gun (Hy ch chng ti cch s dng
khu sng my ny)
- Tell her to take medicine before bedtime (Hy bo b y ung thuc trc khi i
ng)
g) Sau The first , the second , the last , the only hoc sau hnh thc so snh cc cp
thay cho mnh quan h.
V d :
- They are the first to leave all their money to charity
(H l nhng ngi u tin li ton b tin bc cho cng cuc t thin)
- She was the only person in her village to study abroad
(C ta l ngi duy nht trong lng i hc nc ngoi)
- It is one of the best comedies to be performed last year
( l mt trong nhng hi kch hay nht c din trong nm qua)
h) Sau cc tnh t Sorry, Anxious , Happy , Glad , Pleased , Ready , Proud , Ashamed ,
Afraid , Surprised , Sure , Reluctant , Unwilling ...
V d :
- The young soldier was reluctant to give us a lift to the provincial polyclinic
(Ngi lnh tr min cng cho chng ti i nh xe n bnh vin a khoa tnh)
- We are very surprised to see such scoundrels in a so-called institution
(Chng ti rt ngc nhin khi thy nhng k cn nh vy mt ni gi l c
s t thin)
- He was proud to be a nobleman (Hn t ho l mnh thuc dng di qu tc)
- I am ashamed to criticize my colleagues (Ti ngi ph bnh bn ng nghip)
i) Sau Too + tnh t / ph t , Too + tnh t + a + danh t, Tnh t / Ph t + enough.
V d :
- He is too short to become a pilot (Hn qu thp, nn khng th lm phi cng)
- You speak too quickly for me to understand thoroughly
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
c bit
- Why did you take so much milk? - I had to [take so much milk]. I underwent an
operation for appendicitis five days ago (Sao anh ung sa nhiu vy? - Ti phi
ung nhiu nh vy. Ti m rut tha cch y nm ngy).
- Would you like to join us for dinner? - Yes, I'd love to (join you for dinner) but I
must go to school right now (Ti rt mun, nhng ti phi i hc ngay by gi).
- She wished to become a teacher but she wasn't able to (become a teacher)
(C y mun lm c gio, nhng khng thnh).
- I feel lonely and want someone to talk to (Ti cm thy c n v mun c ai
ni chuyn)
- They need a cabinet to keep job applications in (H cn mt ci t ng
h s xin vic)
- There wasn't a thing to eat (Chng c ci g n c)
- The main thing to remember is .... (iu ch yu cn nh l...)
- To be perfectly frank/ To be honest/ To tell the truth, you are no match
for her in tae kwon do (Thc tnh m ni, anh khng phi l i th ca c ta
v Thi cc o)
- Thay v He intends to go to supermarket and to buy a dishwasher (Anh ta
nh i siu th v nh mua mt my ra bt a), ta vit He intends to go
to supermarket and buy a dishwasher .
Nguyn mu khng c To
a) Sau Do & Do not , Did & Did not , Can & Cannot , Could & Could not , May & May
not , Might & Might not , Must & Must not, Shall &Shall not, Should & Should not ,
Will &Will not, Would & Would not , Need & Need not , Dare & Dare not .
V d :
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
c bit
- The joiner helped me to unlock the bicycle (Bc th mc gip ti m kho chic
xe p) = The joiner helped me unlock the bicycle.
DANH DONG TU
Hnh thc
Cng dng
- Thay v "It is easier to speak Chinese than to write Chinese" (Ni ting Hoa
d hn vit ting Hoa), ta c th ni "Speaking Chinese is easier
thanwriting Chinese".
- Seeing is believing (Thy mi tin).
- My father's hobby was reading (Th tiu khin ca cha ti l c sch).
- I am fond of cooking (Ti thch nu nng).
- She likesswimming (C ta thch bi li).
2/Din t s cm on.
V d :
- No smoking (Cm ht thuc)
- No loitering (Cm lng vng)
- No spitting (Cm khc nh)
- No parking (Cm xe)
4/Sau Protest at , Care for, Give up, Leave off, Look forward to, Put off, Take to , Be
used to, Be accustomed to.
V d :
- She protested at sitting for a novice painter
(C ta phn i vic ngi lm mu cho mt ho s mi ra ngh)
- I don't care forworking as an unpaid servant (Ti chng mun lm y t
khng cng).
- Let's try to give up smoking (Chng ta hy c gng b ht thuc)
- I look forward towinning a scholarship to the university (Ti rt mong c cp
hc bng vo i hc)
- They are used tositting up for their drunken father (H quen thc khuya
i ng b nt ru)
Involve sb in doing sth (Li ko ai lm iu g), Forgive sb for doing sth (Tha th
cho ai lm iu g), Pardon sb for doing sth (Tha th cho ai lm iu g),
Reproach sb for doing sth (Trch ai lm iu g), Congratulate sb on doing sth
(Khen ai lm iu g), Praise sb for doing sth (Khen ai lm iu g), Reward
sb for doing sth (Thng cho ai lm iu g),Thank sb for doing sth (Cm n ai
lm iu g) ...
V d :
- They accused me of inciting prisoners against the jailer (H kt ti ti l xi
gic cc t nhn chng li cai ngc).
- Who can dissuade him fromsmoking ? (Ai c th khuyn anh ta ng ht
thuc?)
- The teacher reproaches some schoolgirls forneglecting their studies (Thy
gio trch mt vi n sinh l sao lng vic hc hnh).
- The police rewarded them fordiscovering the smugglers' shelter (Cnh st
thng cng h tm ra ni n nu ca bn bun lu).
- As everyone in the seminar spoke English, she resigned herself to speaking
English
(V mi ngi trong cuc hi tho u ni ting Anh, c ta nh ni ting Anh)
8/So snh hai cu "She insisted on opening the door " (C ta khng khng i m
ca) v "She insisted on me/my opening the door " (C ta khng khng i ti m
ca), ta thy cu 2 khc vi cu 1 do c s hin din ca i t nhn xng Me hoc
tnh t s hu My . Cc ng t Contemplate , Dislike , Dread , Fancy , Involve , Like
(ph nh), Mind , Object (to),Remember , Resent , Save , Stop , Tolerate ,
Understand , Approve (of), Disapprove (of) c th dng vi mt trong hai hoc c hai
cu trc nh vy.
V d :
- They dislikeme/my keeping late hours (H khng thch ti thc khuya)
- I didn't likethem/their behaving in this way (Ti khng thch hn c x nh
vy)
- The job involves him/his travelling backwards and forwards between
Hanoi and Paris (Cng vic y khin anh ta phi ti lui xui ngc gia H Ni
v Pari)
- We don't mind them/their knowing our address (Chng ti khng ngi h
bit a ch ca chng ti)
- I remember you/your writing an apologetic letter (Ti nh l anh c vit
th xin li)
- He objects to them/their being behindhand with tuition (ng ta phn i
vic h ng hc ph tr)
- Fancy his getting up so early ! (Anh ta dy qu sm, l tht!)
- Did they resent my being late for work ? (H c bc bi vic ti i lm
mun hay khng?)
- We didn't contemplate him refusing our invitation
(Chng ti khng d tnh vic ng ta khc t li mi ca chng ti)
- I don't allow them to drop litter in my study (Ti khng cho php h vt rc trong
phng lm vic ca ti), nhng I don't allow dropping litter in my study (Ti khng
cho php vt rc trong phng lm vic ca ti).
- This book advises us to be neighbourly (Quyn sch ny khuyn ta nn sng ho
thun vi nhau), nhng This book advises being neighbourly (Quyn sch ny
khuyn nn sng ho thun vi nhau).
- Remember to clean out the drawing-room (Nh dn dp phng khch nh!), nh-
ngI remember cleaning out the drawing-room (Ti nh l dn dp phng
khch).
- He often forgets to close the doors before bedtime (ng ta thng qun ng ca
trc khi i ng), nhng He will never forget contracting lung cancer (ng ta s
khng bao gi qun l mnh mc bnh ung th phi).
- We regret to tell the whole truth about him (Chng ti ly lm tic m ni ht
s tht v hn), nhng We regret telling the whole truth about him (Chng ti hi
tic l ni ht s tht v hn).
- She stopped to ask the way to the hospital (C ta dng li hi ng n
bnh vin), nhng She stopped asking the way to the hospital (C ta khng hi -
ng n bnh vin na).
- He tried to drive faster (Anh ta c gng li xe nhanh hn), nhng He tried
driving faster to know the power of his car (Anh ta th li xe nhanh hn
bit cng sut ca xe).
PHAN TU
HT PHAN TU
Hnh thc
V d :
Find + ing ---> Finding
Work + ing ---> Working
Read + ing ---> Reading
Cng dng
3. ng vai tr Gii t.
V d :
- I have just read a document concerning Chinese acupuncture
(Ti va mi c mt ti liu v thut chm cu ca Trung Hoa)
- There were three of us, not counting the driver
(Chng ta c ba ngi, khng k ngi li xe)
- A law which prohibits the export of raw materials = A law prohibiting the
export of raw materials
(Mt o lut cm xut khu nguyn liu)
- American scientists who visited Great Wall of China = American scientists
visiting Great Wall of China
(Cc nh khoa hc Hoa K n thm Vn L Trng Thnh ca Trung Hoa)
c bit
Khng nht thit mnh chnh v mnh ph ch nguyn nhn phi thuc
cng mt ch t. Chng hn, Since the weather is nice, we decide to go shopping
(Do thi tit tt, chng ti quyt nh i mua sm) = The weather being nice,
we decide to go shopping (Do thi tit tt, chng ti quyt nh i mua sm).
QUA KHU PHAN TU
Hnh thc
Cng dng
Lu
V d minh ho
1) You may / can / must / should / ought to / needn't park your car there (Anh
c php/c th /phi/nn/nn/chng cn xe ) ---> Your car may / can /
must / should / ought to / needn't be parked there (Xe ca anh c php/c
th/phi/nn/ nn/chng cn ).
2) She should have / needn't have parked her car in the car-park (L ra c ta
nn/chng cn xe trong bi xe) ---> Her car should have / needn't have
been parked in the car-park (L ra xe ca c ta nn/chng cn trong bi
xe)
3) Someone offered him a cigarettes (Ai mi hn mt iu thuc) ---> He
was offered a cigarette (Hn c mi mt iu thuc).
4) The boy gave the girl a bouquet of roses hoc The boy gave a bouquet of
roses to the girl (Ngi con trai tng ngi con gi mt b hoa hng) ---> The girl
was given a bouquet of roses by the boy (Ngi con gi c ngi con trai tng
mt b hoa hng) hoc The bouquet of roses was given to the girl by the boy
(B hoa hng c ngi con trai tng ngi con gi).
10) They told me that.... (Ngi ta ni vi ti rng ...) ---> I was told that ... (Ti
nghe ni rng ...).
11) His answer is acknowledged to be true (Cu tr li ca anh ta c tha
nhn l ng)
12) She is presumed to be innocent until she is proved guilty
(C ta c suy on l v ti n khi no ngi ta chng minh c rng c
ta c ti)
13) This fortune-teller was believed to be a swindler (G thy bi ny b cho l
la o)
14) His age is estimated to be about 50 (Tui ca ng ta c c tnh l khong
50)
15) This billionaire was thought to be one of the richest men in Africa (Nh t
ph ny c cho l mt trong nhng ngi giu nht chu Phi)
16) Visitors are kindly requested not to smoke in the pagoda ( ngh khch
tham quan khng ht thuc trong cha)
17) You're supposed to keep it carefully (Bn phi gi ci tht k 18) It was
widely supposed to have been lost during the tempest (Ci b mi ngi cho
l tht lc trong cn bo)
19) Their family is supposed to be living abroad (Gia nh h c cho l ang
sng nc ngoi)
20) It was said that he was crazy about football (Ngi ta ni rng hn si m
bng ) hoc He was said to be crazy about football (Hn b ni l si m bng
).
- She has just said : "They are waiting outside" (C ta va mi ni : "H ang i
bn ngoi") ---> She has just said that they are waiting outside (C ta va mi
ni rng h ang i bn ngoi).
- She will say : "They are waiting outside" (C ta s ni : "H ang i bn
ngoi") --->She will say that they are waiting outside (C ta s ni rng h
ang i bn ngoi).
c bit
i vi s tht hin nhin khng bao gi thay i, ng t trong li ni trc tip
Th no t ng t ca mnh ph Th ny. Chng hn, He said, "The
earth revolves round the sun" (Anh ta ni : "Qu t quay quanh mt tri") --->
He said that the earth revolves round the sun (Anh ta ni rng qu t quay
quanh mt tri).
V d :
- " Many Italian tourists will come here tomorrow ", said the hotel manager
(Gim c khch sn ni : "Ngy mai, nhiu du khch s n y") ---> The
hotel manager said that many Italian tourists would come there the following
day (Gim c khch sn ni rng hm sau, nhiu du khch s n ).
- "I finished reading this story-book the day before yesterday", he said (Anh ta
ni : "Hm kia, ti c xong quyn truyn ny ") ---> He said that he had
finished reading that story-book two days before (Anh ta ni rng anh ta c
xong quyn truyn y hai hm trc ).
c bit
- My vn l My v I vn l I , nu ngi ni t thut li ca mnh. Chng
hn, I said : "I lost my key yesterday" (Ti ni : "Hm qua ti mt cha kho")
---> I said that I had lost my key the day before (Ti ni rng hm trc ti
mt cha kho). Tng t, Our vn l Our v We vn l We , nu ngi ni
t thut li ca mnh. Chng hn, We said : "We shall meet our family at the
airport " (Chng ti ni : "Chng ti s n gia nh chng ti ti sn bay")
---> We said that we should meet our family at the airport (Chng ti ni rng
chng ti s n gia nh chng ti ti sn bay).
ng t tng thut l Say th phi i thnh Ask , Inquire , Wonder hoc Want to
know ...
V d :
- " What is the weather like?", she said to me (C ta bo ti : "Thi tit th
no?") ---> She asked
me what the weather was like (C ta hi ti thi tit th no)
- " What shall I do first, mother?", he said (Hn ni : "M i, con s lm g trc
tin?") ---> He asked his mother what he should do first (Hn hi m hn xem
s lm g trc tin).
- " When will they help me?", she said (C ta ni : "Khi no h s gip ti?") --->
She inquired
when they would help her (C ta hi khi no h s gip c ta).
Nu cu hi trc tip khng bt u bng Who , What , How , When , Where
hocWhy , cu hi gin tip s bt u bng If hoc Whether .
V d :
- " Are you Hoa?", I said to her (Ti bo c ta : "C l Hoa phi khng?") ---> I
asked her if she was Hoa (Ti hi c ta xem c ta c phi l Hoa hay khng).
- "Can you speak French?", she said to me (C ta bo ti : "Anh ni c ting
Php hay khng?") ---> She asked me if / whether I could speak French (C ta hi
ti ni c ting Php hay khng).
- "Did anybody see me?", he said to me (Hn bo ti : "C ai nhn thy ti hay
khng?") ---> He asked me if / whether anybody had seen him (Hn hi ti c ai
nhn thy hn hay khng).
- "Mary, are there many people in this room?", they said (H bo : "Mary, c
nhiu ngi trong phng ny hay khng?") ---> They asked Mary if / whether
there were many people in that room (H hi Mary xem c nhiu ngi trong
phng hay khng).
c bit
Tng t, ta cng i c cu cm thn trc tip thnh cu cm thn gin tip.
V d :
- "How well she sings!", they said (H ni : "C ta ht hay qu ! ") ---> They
exclaimed that she sang very well (H tht ln rng c ta ht hay qu).
- "What a picturesque garden! ", she said (C ta ni : "Khu vn tht th mng! ")
---> She exclaimed that it was a picturesque garden (C ta tht ln rng ng l
mt khu vn th mng).
Chuyn t cu mnh lnh trc tip sangcu mnh lnh gin tip
ng t tng thut thng dng l Tell (bo) , Ask (yu cu) , Advise (khuyn),
Warn (cn dn), Order (Ra lnh), Remind (Nhc) ...
V d :
- "Open the door! ", he said to the doorkeeper (ng ta bo ngi gc ca : "M ca
ra !") ---> He told / ordered the doorkeeper to open the door (ng ta bo/ra lnh
cho ngi gc ca m ca ra).
- "Don't make any spelling mistake!", they said to the examinees (H bo cc th
sinh : "ng vit sai chnh t! ") ---> They asked / advised the examinees not to
make any spelling mistake (H yu cu/khuyn cc th sinh ng vit sai chnh
t).
- "Don't forget to feed the dogs! ", Ann said to the servant (Ann bo ngi gip
vic : "ng qun cho ch n nh!") ---> Ann reminded the servant to feed the
dogs (Ann nhc ngi gip vic cho ch n).
- "Lan, drive carefully! ", I said (Ti ni : "Lan, hy li xe cn thn!") ---> I told /
warned Lan to drive carefully (Ti bo/cn dn Lan li xe cn thn).
LIEN TU
TONG QUAN E LT
L mt loi t khng bin i, Lin t c cng dng :
a) Ni hai t cng mt chc nng trong mt mnh
b) Ni hai mnh cng mt chc nng trong mt cu, hoc hai cu ring bit
nhau
c) Ni mnh ph (Subordinate Clause) vi mnh chnh (Main Clause) trong
mt cu
Lin t trong trng hp a v b l Lin t kt hp (Co-ordinating Conjunction),
chng hn nh And , Or , But , Yet , Still , However , Therefore , Nevertheless ,
Neither ... nor , Not only... but also , Both ... and , So , Otherwise ... Lin t trong tr-
ng hpc l Lin t ph thuc (Subordinating Conjunction), chng hn nh That ,
Because , For , So that , If , When , After , Unless , Provided that , Though ...
VD VE LIEN TU KET HOP
1) I live with my brothers and sisters
(Ti sng vi anh ti v ch ti)
2) She came in and sat down
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
(C ta i vo v ngi xung)
3) This restaurant serves cheap but excellent food
(Nh hng ny phc v thc n r nhng ngon tuyt)
4) My father likes traditional music, but my mother doesn't
(Cha ti thch m nhc c truyn, nhng m ti th khng)
5) Is the baby a boy or a girl?
(a b l trai hay gi?)
6) You can walk up or take a bus
(Bn c th i b hoc i xe byt)
7) We have neither time nor money for concerts
(Ti chng c thi gi m cng chng c tin i nghe nhc)
8) Not only men but also women appear in that casino
(Khng nhng n ng m c n b cng xut hin trong sng bc y)
9) Both his brother and sister are unmarried
(C anh ln ch n u cn c thn)
10) He worked hard, yet he failed in his finals
(N hc hnh chm ch, vy m n vn trt k thi tt nghip)
11) They've behaved badly towards you; still, they are your intimate friends and you
should help them
(H i x t vi anh; tuy nhin, h vn l bn thn ca anh v anh nn gip h)
12) I shall invite Hoa to dinner. However, she may not accept my invitation
(Ti s mi Hoa i n ti. Tuy nhin, c th c ta khng nhn li mi ca ti)
13) There was no letter of introduction; nevertheless we came there
(Chng c giy gii thiu g c, song chng ti vn n )
14) They always get up late, so we cannot wait for them
(H lun dy mun, nn chng ti khng th i h)
15) Put on your raincoat; otherwise you'll catch cold
(Hy mc o ma vo; nu khng, bn s b cm lnh)
VD VE MENH DE PHU
1) Everyone thinks that it is going to rain
(Mi ngi u ngh rng tri sp ma)
2) They didn't acknowledge that they had been defeated by the revolutionary army
(H chng tha nhn rng h b qun i cch mng nh bi)
Lu
Lin t As v Since thng ng u cu ch nguyn nhn.
Lin t For khng ng u cu. Because thay cho For khi tr li cu hi v
khi theo sau Not, But hoc Just ...
22) Please bring it nearer that I may see it better
(Lm n a ci li gn ti thy r hn)
23) Light the lamp that he read the letter
(Hy thp n ln ng y c bc th)
24) The workers got up early in order that their boss wouldn't tell them off
(Cc cng nhn dy sm ng ch khi mng h)
25) The contract is written in English and Chinese so that foreign partners can
understand it
(Bn hp ng vit bng ting Anh v ting Hoa cc i tc nc ngoi c th
hiu c)
26) I speak slowly so that you would understand me through and through
(Ti ni chm anh hiu ht ti)
27) I have kept some cans of grapefruit juice in the fridge in case we get thirsty
(Ti tr sn vi lon nc nho trong t lnh phng khi kht)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
SO DEM
1 ---> One (mt)
2 ---> Two (hai)
3 ---> Three (ba)
4 ---> Four (bn)
5 ---> Five (nm)
6 ---> Six (su)
7 ---> Seven (by)
8 ---> Eight (tm)
9 ---> Nine (chn)
10 --> Ten (mi)
11 --> Eleven (mi mt)
12 --> Twelve (mi hai)
13 --> Thirteen (mi ba)
14 --> Fourteen (mi bn)
15 --> Fifteen (mi lm)
16 --> Sixteen (mi su)
17 --> Seventeen (mi by)
18 --> Eighteen (mi tm)
19 --> Nineteen (mi chn)
20 --> Twenty (hai mi)
21 --> Twenty-one (hai mi mt)
22 --> Twenty-two (hai mi hai)
23 --> Twenty-three (hai mi ba)
24 --> Twenty-four (hai mi bn)
25 --> Twenty-five (hai mi lm)
26 --> Twenty-six (hai mi su)
27 --> Twenty-seven (hai mi by)
28 --> Twenty-eight (hai mi tm)
29 --> Twenty-nine (hai mi chn)
30 --> Thirty (ba mi)
31 --> Thirty-one (ba mi mt)
40 --> Forty (bn mi)
50 --> Fifty (nm mi)
60 --> Sixty (su mi)
70 --> Seventy (by mi)
80 --> Eighty (tm mi)
90 --> Ninety (chn mi)
100 ---> A hundred (mt trm)
1000 ---> A thousand (mt nghn)
1,000,000 ---> A million (mt triu)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
- Five hundred men (nm trm ngi), nhng Hundreds of people (hng trm ngi)
- Eight thousand pounds (tm nghn bng), nhng Thousands of pounds (hng
nghn bng)
- Four dozen eggs (bn t trng), nhng Dozens of times (hng chc ln)
- 6.6 c l "Six point six" (su phy su)
- 14.65 c l "Fourteen point six five" (mi bn phy su mi lm)
- 0.5 c l "Nought point five" (khng phy nm)
- 9.09 c l "Nine point nought nine" (chn phy khng chn)
SO THU TU
First (th nht)
Second (th hai)
Third (th ba)
Fourth (th t)
Fifth (th nm)
Sixth (th su)
Seventh (th by)
Eighth (th tm)
Ninth (th chn)
Tenth (th mi)
Eleventh (th mi mt)
Twelfth (th mi hai)
Thirteenth (th mi ba)
Fourteenth (th mi bn)
Fifteenth (th mi lm)
Sixteenth (th mi su)
Seventeenth (th mi by)
Eighteenth (th mi tm)
Nineteenth (th mi chn)
Twentieth (th hai mi)
Twenty-first ( th hai mi mt)
Twenty-second (th hai mi hai)
Twenty-third (th hai mi ba)
Twenty-fourth (th hai mi bn)
Twenty-fifth (th hai mi lm)
Twenty-sixth (th hai mi su)
Twenty-seventh (th hai mi by)
Mi chi tit xin lin h: http://facebook.com/dennisnguyendinh
Ng Php Thng Dng trong Ting Anh Su tm: Mr. Denn
Lu
- 1/5 c l A /one fifth & 3/5 c l Three fifths &
- 1/8 c l A /one eighth & 5/10 c l Five tenths .
- 4 1/4 kilos c l Two and a quarter kilos .
- 1/2 giy c l Half a second , nhng 1/4 giy c l A quarter of a second .
- Five (s m) --> Fifth (s th t) & Eight (s m) --> Eighth (s th t) &
Nine (s m) --> Ninth (s th t) & Twelve (s m) --> Twelfth (s th
t).
- First = 1st & Second = 2 nd & Third = 3 rd & Fourth = 4 th. Chng hn,
Forty-first vit l 41st & Seventy-second vit l 72 nd & Ninety-third vit l 93
rd.
- Trc s th t thng c The. Chng hn, The hundredth anniversary of the
poet's death (l k nim ln th mt trm ngy mt ca thi s), The first three
weeks (ba tun u tin), The fifty-seventh passenger (hnh khch th 57)
NGAY THANG
By ngy trong tun
Lu
Ngy c vit bng nhiu cch. Chng hn, ngy 16/10 c l The sixteenth of
October & October the sixteenth v vit lOctober 16 & 16 October & 16th of
October &October 16th & 16th October & October the 16th .
Nm 1998 c l Nineteen hundred and ninety-eight hoc Nineteen ninety-eight .
BC (Before Christ) ngha l trc Cng nguyn , cn AD (Anno Domini) ngha l sau
Cng nguyn .
2) T tn cng bng e
Visible + ly = Visibly
Argue + ment = Argument
Due + ly = Duly
True + ly = Truly
Whole + ly = Wholly
Judge + ment = Judgement hoc Judgment
3) T tn cng bng y
Chng hn:
Dialogue ---> Dialog, Catalogue ---> Catalog,
Monologue ---> Monolog, Epilogue ---> Epilog.
c) Re tr thnh er.
Chng hn:
Theatre ---> Theater, Centre ---> Center.
Calibre ---> Caliber.
d) Vi trng hp ce tr thnh se.
Chng hn:
Defence ---> Defense, Offence ---> Offense,
Licence ---> License.
T y, suy ra nhng trng hp nh:
Tyre ---> Tire, Cheque ---> Check,
Aluminium ---> Aluminum, Aeroplane ---> Airplane.
e) i khi mt s vt c din t bng hai t khc nhau.
Anh M
Autumn Fall
Bonnet Hood
Current account Checking account
Flat Apartment
Full stop Period
Lift Elevator
Pavement Sidewalk
Saloon Sedan
Timetable Schedule
Toilet Bathroom, Rest-room
Underground/Tube Subway
5) Thn t (Interjection)
Thn t l t hoc cm t dng nh mt t cm thn. Chng hn, Oh ! (!), Hurray
! (Hoan h!), Alas ! (Than i !), For goodness sake ! (V Cha!), Cheers ! (Chc sc
kho ! & Tm bit nh !), Sorry ! (Xin li !), Please ... (Xin vui lng ...), Nonsense !
(By no!) ...
2) Cu hi (Interrogative Sentence). Chng hn, Who are you ? (Anh l ai?), Does
he like martial arts ? (Anh ta c thch v thut hay khng?), What time is it ? (My
gi ri?).
3) Cu mnh lnh (Imperative Sentence). Chng hn, Go away ! (Hy ct i !),
Don't forget to lock the door ! (ng qun kho ca nh !).
4) Cu cm thn (Exclamatory Sentence). Chng hn, What a good idea ! (Tht l
mt kin hay !), What beautiful flowers he has ! (Anh ta c nhng bng hoa p
bit bao !) How lovely she is ! (C y c duyn lm sao !), How he snores ! (N ngy
sao m to th !), How fast he runs ! (N chy nhanh tht !).
Theo hnh thc th c 3 loi cu :
1) Cu n (Simple Sentence) l cu c vn vn mt mnh . Chng hn, I tell
them to stand up (Ti bo h ng dy), He was late for school (N i hc tr), How
old are you ? (Anh bao nhiu tui?), Never go out in the rain ! (ng bao gi i ra
ngoi ma), How chubby the child is ! (a b sao m mm mm th !).
2) Cu kp (Compound Sentence) l cu gm hai hoc nhiu mnh c lp
ni vi nhau bng lin t And, Or, But ... Chng hn, He went to the movies, but his
younger sister didn't (N i xem chiu bng, nhng em gi n th khng); She
doesn't like John and neither do I (C ta khng thch John v ti cng vy).
3) Cu phc (Complex sentence) l cu c mt mnh chnh v mt hoc
nhiu mnh ph. Chng hn, I want to know with whom he comes here and why
he has no money (Ti mun bit hn n y vi ai v ti sao hn khng c tin).
y mnh chnh l I want to know , hai mnh ph l With whom he
comes here v Why he has no money (hai mnh ph ny ni vi nhau bng lin
t And).
Mnh (Clause)
Hin ti v Qu kh n Qu kh Ngha
nguyn mu phn t