563 10 Tamil Paper 12 Study Material TM

VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE 2015 -16
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ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh; ;

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10th kw;Wk; 12th nghJj;Njh;T tpdh tpil
rpwg;G topfhl;b 2015 -16
njhFg;G
,uh.rutzd;.M.Com, B.A,
jpk;kehaf;fd;;gl;b.(po) uhrpuGk;. (tk) ehkf;fy(dt)
cell: 97 86 36 48 48 73 73 96 48 48
VETRI TUITION & TUTORIAL THIMMANAICKEN PATTY(PO) RASIPURAM(TK) NAMAKKAL(Dt) pin 636202
Prepard by R.SARAVANAN.M,COM,BA(ENGLISH)B,Ed)cell 9786364848 7373964848
rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. -tpdh vz;. 1 Kjy; 6 tiu

1.ifjhd; nefpotpNld;| - ,jpy; nefpo vd;gJ ----------- vd;Dk; nghUspy; te;Js;sJ.jsu
2. jpUf;Fwisg;Nghw;wpg; ghLk; E}y ------------------------- tpil: jpUts;Stkhiy Page
3. jpUf;Fws; ------------------------- ntz;ghf;fshy; Md E}yhFk;. tpil: Fws; |2
4. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj vdg;ghbatu ------------------------- tpil: ghujpjhrd;

5. ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk| vdg; ghbatu; ------------- ghujpjhrd;.
6. irt rkaf; Futu ------------------------- Ngu;. tpil: ehd;F
7. irtj; jpUKiwfs ------------------------- tpil: gd;dpuz;L
8. Vyhjp ------------------------- E}y;fSs; xd;W. tpil: gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F
9. fzpNkjhtpahupd; fhyk ------------------------- tpil: filr;rq;ffhyk;
10. kUe;Jg; nghUs;fshy; mikag;ngw;w ,UEhy;fs ----------------- tpil: jpupfLfk;> Vyhjp.
11. ,sq;Nfhtbfs ------------------------- ehl;ilr; Nru;e;jth;. tpil: Nru
12. neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbath ------------------------- tpil:. ghujpahu;
13. ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; vd;gJ ------------------------- tpil: rpyg;gjpfhuk;
14. fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;gpy; cs;s guy;fs; ------------------------- tpil: khzpf;fk;
15. FLk;g tpsf;F ------------------------- gilj;j FWq;fhtpaq;fspy; xd;W. tpil: ghujpjhrd;
16. ghujpjhrdhu; ------------------------- vd miof;fg;gLfpwhu; tpil: Gul;rpf;ftpQh;
17. MW fhz;lq;fisf; nfhz;lE}y ------------------------- tpil: fk;guhkhazk;
18;. ruRtjp me;jhjp -------------------------,aw;wpa E}y;fspy; xd;W. tpil: fk;gu;
19. fk;giug; Gue;jtu -------------------------; tpil: rilag;g ts;sy;
20. jkpOf;Ff; fjp vdg;gLtJ------------------------tpil: fk;guhkhazk;> jpUf;Fws;
21.ey; vd;Dk; milnkhop ngw;w Ehy------------------------ tpil: ew;wpiz.
22. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jth_;------------------------. tpil: gd;dhLje;j khwd;tOjp
23. ew;wpiz------------------------ E}y;fisr; rhu;e;jJ. tpil: vl;Lj;njhif
24. Nrf;fpohh; ngUkhd; mUspaJ------------------------; tpil: ngupaGuhzk;
25.jk; t{l;bYs;s midj;Jg;nghUs;fSf;Fk; jpUehTf;furu; vdg;ngah; itj;jth_; -----------
mg;G+jpabfshh;
26. NjrKa;a te;jtiuj; jpUtKJ nra;tpf;Fk; NerKw tpz;zg;gk; nramtUk;
mJNeu;e;jhu; - ,g;ghly; mbfspy; mike;j njhil tpil: vJif
27.gf;jpr; Ritedp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ftptyt vdg;ghbatu; ----------kfhtpj;Jthd;
kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;
28. cyfk;> capu;> flTs; Mfpa %d;iwAk; xUq;Nf fhl;Lk; fhtpak; -------- ngupaGuhzk;
29. jpwdwpe;J Njh;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;batu------------------------tpil: %j;j mwpTilahu;
Page
30. mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mupJ------------------------Ngzpj; jkuhf;nfhsy;; tpil: ngupahu; |3
31. Kjypyhu;f;F ------------------------,y;iy. tpil: Cjpak;
32. jpUehTf;furh; fhyk_; ------------------------Mk; Ehw;whz;L. . tpil: fp.gp.7.
33. ehkhu;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; vd;Dk; ghly; ------------------------ mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy
vdg; ghlj; J}z;baJ. tpil: ghujpahiu
34. rPwhg;Guhzk; ------------------------fhz;lq;fisAilaJ. tpil : %d;W
35. Nfoy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ------------------------ tpil : gd;wp
36. fypj;njhif ------------------------ E}y;fspy; xd;W.tpil : vl;Lj;njhif
37. nea;jy; fypiag; ghbatu; ------------------------; tpil : ey;ye;Jtdhu;
38. Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy; vd;gJ ------------------------ vdg;gLk;.tpil : nghiw
39. ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ------------------------ tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspy; xd;W.tpil : 96
40. giz vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ------------------------tpil : %q;fpy;
41. ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapy; ------------------------- ghRuq;fs; cs;sd. tpil : E}w;iwe;J
42. FyNrfuho;thu; ghly; ----------------------------njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ. tpil : Kjyhapuk;
ciueil rhpahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.
1.gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vdf; $wpatu; -------------ghthzu;

2) ,d;iwa kJiuapy; ---------------------jkpo;r;rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ.; tpil:%d;whk;
3) murpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk; NghJ ek; rKjhaj;jpy; jiyfPo;
Gul;rp Vw;gLk; vd;wtu; ; tpil:ngupahu;
4) ngz; mbik Mdjw;F cupa fhuzq;fSs; xd;W----------------,y;yhik.tpil:nrhj;Jupik
5. Kk;igapy; mk;Ngj;fh; rpwpJ fhyk;----------- Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh; nghUspay;
6. mk;Ngj;fUf;F ,e;jpa muR toq;fpa tpUJ ---------------------tpil: ghujuj;dh
7. Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;Nf mike;j mupafiy ---------------------tpil : Ngr;Rf;fiy
8. Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;jth; ---------------------tpil: NguwpQh; mz;zh
9. gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha; vdj;njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y;-------tpil : Njthuk;
10. cyfk; vd;w jkpo;r;nrhy; -----------------vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ. cyT
11. jkpoh;fs; epyj;ij -----------------tifahfg; gpupj;Jf;fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;fs;tpil : Ie;J
12. cWkplj; Jjth ctu;epyk;| vd;Dk; tupfs; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; tpil: GwehD}W
13. Gy;yhfpg; G+lha;| vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y;tpil: jpUthrfk;
14. fhe;jpabfs; ---------------------ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j;J cz;ikNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp Page
G+z;lhh; tpil: mhpr;re;jpud; |4
15. giftdplKk; md;Gfhl;L vdf; $wpa E}y; ---------------------tpil : iggps;

16. mwnewpahfg; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;bait ---------------------;tpil : vspik> rpf;fdk;
17. cynfyhk; czh;e;J Xjw;fhpatd; vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; --------
-------------tpil : nghpaGuhzk;
18. ts;syhhpd; ,aw;ngah; ---------------------tpil : ,uhkypq;fh;
19. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp -----------------tpil : gd;dpnuz;lhk; tFg;G
20. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; vd;Dk; ghlypd; Mrpupah; -------------tpil : jhuhghujp
Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf - tpdh vz;. 7 Kjy; 12 tiu - nra;As;
1. khzpf;f thrfh; gpwe;j Ch; ----------------tpil :jpUthjT+h;

2. khzpf;fthrfh; ghly;fs----------------jpUKiwapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. tpil : vl;lhk;
3. khzpf;f thrfh; fl;ba Nfhapy; ----------------cs;sJ. tpil : jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy;
4. khzpf;f thrfh; ----------------kd;dhplk; jiyikaikr;ruhfg; gzpahw;wpath;
tpil : mhpkh;j;jd ghz;ba
5. Ip.A. Nghg; jpUthrfj;ij----------------nkhopapy; nkhopngah;j;jhh;. tpil :Mq;fpy
6. jpUthrfjj; pwF; cUfhh_; ----------------cUfhh;. tpil : xU thrfj;jpw;Fk;
7. mOJ mbailej; md;gh; vdg;gLgth;----------------tpil : khzpf;fthrfh;
8. jpUf;Fwspy_;------------mjpfhuq;fSk; ----------- Fwl;ghf;fSk; cs;sd. tpil : (133, 1330)
9. jpUf;Fws; ----------------Kjyhd cyf nkhopfspy; nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tpil : Mq;fpyk;>fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;
10. xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; ----------,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jth; --------------gop.tpil : Nkd;ik, va;jhg;
11.jpUf;Fws; ----------------E}y;fSs; xd;W tpil : gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F
12. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;gd rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ----------------MFk;. tpil: kzpNkfiyAk;
13. rpyg;gjpfhuk;, kzpNkfiy----------------tisahgjp> ----------------vd;gd
Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;. tpil : rPtfrpe;jhkzp, Fz;lyNfrp
14. Njuh kd;dd; ---------------- tpil : ghz;bad;
15. Gs;SW Gd;fz; jhPj;Njhd_;----------------tpil : rpgpr;rf;futh;j;jp
16. mUk; ngwy; Gjy;tid Mopap;d; kbj;Njhd---------------- tpil : kDePjpr;Nrhod;
17. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; fhz;lk; ---------------->fhij---------------- tpil : 3>30; Page
18. fk;gh; gpwe;j Ch; ---------------- tpil : NjuOe;J}h; |5
19. fk;giu Mjhpj;j ts;sy; ---------------- tpil : rilag;gts;sy;

20. fk;gh; jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ----------------_vdg;ngahpl;lhh;. tpil : ,uhktjhuk;
21. ed;wpiz xd;gjbr; rpw;nwy;iyAk; ----------------Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;l E}y;.
tpil : gd;dpuz;L mbg;
22. mhp vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ---------------- tpil : new;fjph;
23. Nrf;fpohhpd; ,aw;ngah----------------tpil : mUz;nkhopj;Njth;
24. cj;jk Nrhog; gy;yth; vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; ---------------- tpil : Nrf;fpohh;
25. jdpabahh; ----------------njhifabahh; ---------------- Mth;. tpil : 63 Ngh;, 9 Ngh;
26. Nghypg; Gyth;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; ---------------- tpil: gps;isg; ghz;bad;
27. Nghypg; Gyth;fspd; jiyia ntl;Lgth; ----------------tpil : Xl;lf;$j;jd;
28. Nghypg; Gyth;fspd; fhjpy; JwL khl;b mWg;gth; ---------------- tpil : tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;
29. kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> ---------------- vd;gd ehw;fuzq;fs;. tpil: mfq;fhuk;
30. ,bg;ghiu ,y;yhj ----------------kd;dd; nfLg;ghu; ,yhDq; nfLk;. tpil: Vkuh
31. ,y;yhiu ---------------- vs;Sth; tpil : vy;yhUk;
32. mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; ----------------jPjpd;wp te;jnghUs; tpil : jpwdwpe;J
33. jpUehTf;furhpd; jkf;ifahh; ----------------Mthh; tpil : jpyftjpahh;
34. jpUehTf;furh; mUspa ghly;fs; ---------------- vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. tpil : Njthuk;
35. jpUehTf;furupd; ,aw;ngah_; ---------------- tpil : kUzPf;fpahh;
36. rPwhg;Guhzj;ij ,aw;wpah; ---------------- tpil : ckWg; Gyth;
37. ckWg ; Gytiu Mjhpjj; tss;y;----------------tpil : rPjf;fhjp
38. jhh; Nte;jd; Nfhy; Nehf;fp thOk; ----------------Nghd;wpUe;NjNd. tpil : Fb
39. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy----------------FyNrfuh; ghbajhFk; .tpil :jpUtha; nkhop
ciueil Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:
1. jkpou; kdpj tho;it------------------ --------------vdg;gpupj;jdu; tpil: mfk;>Gwk;

2. Fkupf; fz;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; Ngrpa nkhop----------------tpil: jkpo;
3. 2004Mk; Mz;L ----------------jpq;fspy; jkpo; nkhopiar; nrk;nkhopahf eLtzuR
mwptpj;jJ. tpil: mf;Nlhgu;
4. jkpo; kpfTk; gz;gl;l nkhopnadf; $wpa nkhopapay; mwpQu_; ----------------Mthu;
tpil: khf;RKy;yu;.
Page
5. jkpou;fsplk; ,d;W gutpAs;s ----------------xd;W cz;L. tpil: ngUNeha; |6
6. ngupahu; r%f ----------vjpu;j;jtu;.%lf; fUj;Jf;fis--------tpil: Kuz;fis> Kl;lWj;jtu;
7. ntWk; Ngr;Rf;Fk; ----------------Ngr;Rf;Fk; NtWghL cz;L. tpil: Nkilg;
8. Ngr;R Kbtpy; ----------------$wpf; fUj;ij epiyehl;b Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpil:RUf;fj;ijf;
9. ebg;ghw;wy; kpf;ftiuAk; ebg;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiuAk; -------vd miog;gu;,af;Feu;
10. glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpia----------------nghUj;JtJk; cz;L. tpil: efu;j;Jk; tz;bapy;.
11. fUj;Jg;glk; mikf;fj; njhlq;fpatu; ---------------- tpil: thy;l; b];dp
12. ,aq;FUg; glq;fs; ghu;g;gjw;F ----------------,Uf;Fk;. tpil: Ntbf;ifahf
13. ,ny%upahit ----------------vd;gu;. tpil: kdpj ehfupfj;njhl;by;
14. jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU----------------jkpo;,dk;. tpil: jdp,dk;
15. midj;ijAk; ,og;gpDk; cz;ikia ,of;fpNyd; vdf; $wpatu; ----------mupr;re;jpud;.
16. jpUf;Fwis nkhop ngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu---------------- tpil: jhy;Rjha;
17. ,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkrhiyia epWtpa ,lk_; ----------------tpil: tlY}u;
18. ,uhkypq;fu;>jkpo;nkhopNa---------------- jUk; vd;W fUjpdhh; tpil: ,wthj epiy
19. rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; ----------------fle;J nry;yf;$lhJ. tpil: fly;
20. ehs;NjhWk;fy;tpapy_;----------------cz;lhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. tpil: GJg;GJj;Jiwfs;
21.fhtyu;>,uhZtk; Nghd;w gzpfSf;F clw;$W Nju;Tk;-------Nju;Tk; cz;L. vOj;J
VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

Managing Director R.SARAVANAN M,com,. BA(B.Ed) 9786364848 7373964848
nghUj;Jf. - tpdh vz; 13 Kjy; 16 tiu
01) nrhy; - nghUs; 05 1. nrW - m. gidNahiyg;ngl;b
1. tpiu - m. cly; 2. tpj;J - M. GJtUtha;
2 foy; - M. ngUfp 3. ahzu; - ,. tpij
3. jJk;gp - ,. kzk; 4. tl;b - <. tay;
4. nka; - <. mzpfyd; tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m>
tpil:1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m> 06 1. Nkjp - m. rptd; Page
gphpT mjpfhuq;fs; 2. re;jk; - M. vUik
|7
02 1. mwj;Jg;ghy; - m. 25 mjpfhuq;fs; 3. Nfhjpy; - ,. moF
2. nghUl;ghy; - M. 38 mjpfhuq;fs; 4. mq;fdu; - <. Fw;wkpy;yhj
3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - ,. 70 mjpfhuq;fs; tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-<> 4.m>
- < 50 mjpfhuq;fs; 07
tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-m> 1. fhd; - m. fub
03 fhz;lk; fhijfs; 2. cOit - M. rpq;fk;
1. Gfhu;f; fhz;lk; - m. 13 fhijfs; 3. klq;fy; - ,. Gyp
2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; - M. 7 fhijfs; 4. vz;F - <. fhL
3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; - ,. 10 fhijfs; tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m>
tpil:1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 08
04. nrhy; nghUs; 1. gz;G - m. $wpaJ kwh mik
1. ,lu; - m. epyT 2. md;G - M. Ngijahu; nrhy; Nehd;wy;
2. ehtha; - M. Jd;gk; 3. mwpT - ,. jd;fpis nrwh mik
3. ,iw - ,. glF 4. nrwpT - <. ghlwpe;J xOfy;
4. ,e;J - <. jiytd; tpil:1-<> 2-,> 3-M> 4.m>
tpil:1-M> 2-,> 3-<> 4.m>
tpilfSf;F Vw;w tpdh vOJf - tpdh vz;. 17 Kjy; 20 tiu

1.ngz;fs; cupik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpatu; ngupahu;.
ngz;fs; cupik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpatu; ahu;?
2. ngz;Zupikf;F CW tpistpf;Fk; gioa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhu;.
ngupahu; vij Vw;f kWj;jhu;?
3. nra;jpg;glq;fs; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;L fspf;fyhk;.
vtw;wpd; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;L fspf;fyhk;?
4. jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp xypg; glf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ.
jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l vf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ?
5. jkpou;fs; muG ehl;LlDk;, atd ehl;LlDk; thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;
jkpou;fs; ve;nje;j ehLfSld; thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu;?
6.fhe;jpabfs;, gyNfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk; fjh; vd;W fUjpdhh;
gyNfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk; fju; vd;W fUjpatu; ahu;?
7. ,isQu;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;> nkhopg;gw;Wk;> nja;tg;gw;Wk; tsUk;
tifapy; fy;tp mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. fy;tp vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?
8. ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs;> ,sq;fiyf; fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;wpUe;jhy;
gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Nruyhk;. gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Nruj; jFjp vd;d?
9. njhopy;El;gg; gapyfj;jpy; gapy;Nthh;f;F epiwa Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd
vj;Jiwapy; gapy;Nthh;f;F epiwa Ntiytha;g;Gfs; cs;sd? Page
10. vy;yh kdpju;fisAk; xNu khjpup elj;JtNj rkj;JtkhFk;. vJ rkj;JtkhFk;? |8
11. fhe;jpabfs; gftj;fPijiag; gbj;jjd; %yk; kdTWjpiag; ngw;whu;

fhe;jpabfs; vijg; gbj;jjd; %yk; kdTWjpiag; ngw;whu;?
12. vy;yh capu;fisAk; jk;Kapuha;f; fUjp njhz;L nra;gtu; cs;sj;jpy; jhd;
,iwtd; elk; Gupthd;. ahUila cs;sj;jpy; ,iwtd; elk; Ghpthd;?
13. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp Nky;epiyf; fy;tpapy; Nju;r;rp MFk;.
ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp vJ?
14. ekf;Ff; fpilj;j ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfTk; goikahdJ njhy;fhg;gpak;.
ekf;Ff; fpilj;j ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfTk; goikahdJ vJ?
15. Mrpupau; vd;gtu; mwpTf;flyhf kl;Lkpd;wp mwj;jpd; MopahfTk; tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.
Mrpupau; vd;gtu; vt;thW tpsq;fNtz;Lk;?
16. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; $Wfs; vd;git kUe;jpd; Nkypl;l ,dpg;Gg; Nghd;wit.
,yf;fpaj;jpd; $Wfs; vd;git vtw;iwg; Nghd;wit.
17. jpUf;Fwis nkhopngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu; jhy;Rjha;.
jpUf;Fwis nkhopngau;j;j cUrpa mwpQu; ahu;?
18. ,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; tlY}u;.
,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; vJ?
19. vy;yh capu;fisAk; xNu khjpup elj;JtNj rkj;Jtk; MFk;. vJ rkj;Jk; MFk;?
20. ts;syhu; mUspa topKiwfisf; filgpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
ahu; mUspa topKiwfisf; filgpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;?
21.mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;whu; ts;Stu;.mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;wtu; ahu;?
22. jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtpl nra;jpg;glk; vLg;gJ fbdkhd gzpahFk;.
jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtpl fbdkhd gzp vJ?
23. vLj;jy;> njhLj;jy;> Kbj;jy; Mfpad Ngr;rpd; Kf;$Wfs; MFk;.
Ngr;rpd; Kf;$Wfs; ahit?
24. ,uhkypq;fu; jkpo; nkhopNa ,uthj epiy jUk; vd;W $wpdhu;.
,uhkypq;fu; vJ ,uthj epiy jUk; vd;W $wpdhu;?
nra;As; FW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 21 Kjy; 27 tiu
1. capupDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ vJ? Vd;? Page

|9
capupDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ xOf;fk;.
Vnddpy; mJ xUtUf;F vy;yhr; rpwg;GfisAk; jUfpwJ.
2. ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ vJ?
ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ ey;nyhOf;fNk MFk;.
3 .vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUtJ vJ?
jPa xOf;fk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; xUtDf;Fj; Jd;gj;ijNa (,Lk;ig) jUk;.
4. gy fw;Wk; fy;yhu; mwptpyhu;>ahu;?
cau;e;j rhd;Nwhupd; mwTiufisg; gpd;gw;wp elthjtu;.
E}y; gy fw;wpUe;jhYk; mtu; mwptw;wtu; Mtu;.
5. .$ifiaAk; fhf;ifiaAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b ts;Stu; tpsf;FtJ ahJ?
jd;idtpl typikahd Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if gfypy; nty;Yk;
mijg; Nghyg; giftiu nty;yf; fUJk; muru;f;F mjw;Nfw;w fhyk;
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
6. Qhyk; nty;yf; fUJgtu; ahJ nra;tu;?
XUtd; jhd; nra;Ak; nraiyf; fhyk; mwpe;J> ,lj;NjhL nghUe;JkhW nra;jhy;>
mtd; ,t;Tyfk; KOtijAk; Msf; fUjpdhYk; mJ mtDf;F KbAk;.
7. Cf;fKilahd; xLf;fk; vjidg; Nghd;wJ?
Cf;fKilatd; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
Nghu; nra;fpd;w Ml;Lf;flh gifiaj; jhf;ff; fUjpg; gpd; thq;Ftijg; Nghd;wjhFk;.
8. nfhf;ifr; rhd;whff; fhl;b ts;Stu; tpsf;Fk; fUj;J ahJ?
nraiy Nkw;nfhs;shj fhyj;jpy; nfhf;fpidg; Nghy mlq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
nray; tha;f;Fkplj;Jf; nfhf;fpidg; Nghy; tpiue;J nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
9. jpUts;StUf;F toq;Fk; NtWngau;fs; ahit?
1)Kjw;ghtyu;> 2)ngha;apy; Gytu;> 3)nja;tg;Gytu;> 4)nre;ehg; Nghjhu;> 5) ngUehtyu;>
6)Njtu;.
10. ghujpjhrd; jpUts;Stiu vt;thW Gfo;e;Js;shu;?
jpUts;Stiug; ghujpjhrd;>ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNkvd;W
Gfo;e;Js;shu;.
11. xOf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ vJ? ,Of;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ?
xOf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ cah;T.
,Of;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ ngUk;gop.
Page
12. nra;jw;fhpa nray; nra;tJ vg;NghJ? | 10
mhpa tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; NghJ nra;jw;fupa nray;fis nra;J Kbj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

13. Vyhjp-E}w; Fwpg;G vOJf.
Vyk;+Mjp=Vyhjp. Vyf;fha;> ,ytq;fk;> Rf;F> rpWehtw;G+> kpsF> jpg;gpyp
Mfpa MW nghUs;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l kUe;J clypd; Nehiag; Nghf;Fk;.
mJNghy> ,e;E}ypy; xt;nthU ghl;bYk; cs;s MW fUj;Jfs; kf;fspd;
mwpahikiag; Nghf;Fk;.
14. gopapyh kd;ddha; tho;gtdpd; gz;Gfshff; fzpNkjhtpahu; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?
gpwuplk; gzpTilatdha; ,Uj;jy;> xOf;fnewpapy; elj;jy;> rhd;Nwhu;
mwpTiuiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;.
El;gkhd E}y;fis Muha;jy;> mit $Wk; newpapy; tho;jy;.
15. fk;gh; Fwpg;G tiuf.
Ch; : NjuOe;J}h;
Mjhpj;jth; : rilag;g ts;sy;
fhyk; : fp.gp.12-k; E}w;whz;L
E}y;fs; : fk;guhkhazk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp
16. ifAiwg; nghUs;fshff; Ffd; nfhz;L nrd;wd vit?ahUf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;?
Ffd; NjidAk;> kPidAk; ifAiwg; nghUs;fshff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;
,uhkDf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;.
17. Ffd; ,uhkidf; fz;L vt;thW gzpe;J tzq;fpdhd;?
Ffd;> jd; ePz;l Kbia cila jiy> kz;zpy; gbaf; fPNo tpOe;J
,uhkid tzq;fpdhd;.
18. Ffdpd; Ntz;LNfhs; ahJ?
,e;jj; Jd;gj;NjhL cd;idg; gpupe;J vdJ ,Ug;gplk; nry;ykhl;Nld;
IaNd ! ,q;fpUe;J vd;dhyhd mbikj; njhopiy cdf;Fr; nra;Ntd;|
vd Ffd; ,uhkdplk; Ntz;bdhd;.
19. md;Gs ,dp ehk; Xh; Ith;fs; csuhNdhk; - ahh; , ahhplk; $wpaJ ?
,uhkd; , Ffdplj;jpy; $wpajhFk;.
20. jpUehTf;furh; mg;G+jpabfsplk; tpdtpanjd;d?
jz;zPhg
; ; ge;jypd; Kfg;gpy; jdJ ngaiu vOjhky; NtnwhU ngaiu vOjp
itj;jikf;F fhuzk; vd;d vd jpUehTf;furh; mg;G+jpabfsplk; tpdtpdhu;. Page
| 11
21. mg;G+jpabfs; vj;jifa gz;ghsh; ?
mg;G+jpabfs; fsT , ngha; , fhkk; , rpdk; Kjypa Fw;wq;fs; ePq;fpath;.
tskhd ,y;yw tho;tpdu;.
22. mg;G+jpabfs; vtw;Wf;nfy;yhk; jpUehTf;fuR vdg; ngah;itj;jhh; ?
msTf;fUtpfs; epiwNfhy; 1) kf;fs; 2) gRf;fs; 3) vUikfs;
Nghd;wtw;wpw;F jpUehTf;furh; vdg; ngah; itj;jhu;.
23. te;jth; thfPrh; vd mwpe;jJk; mg;G+jpabfs; vd;d nra;jhh; ?
1)jk; jiyNky; ifFtpj;J tzq;fpdhh;. jk; fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPh; ngUfpl epd;whh;
2)nrhw;fs; jLkhwpd , kaph;rpyph;f;fg; G+kpapy; tPo;e;J mth; ghjq;fspy; jk; jiygba
tzq;fpdhh;
24. Ek;Ngh; vOjhNj NtnwhUNgh; Kd;ndOj Ntz;ba fhuzk; vd;nfhy; ?
ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ ?
jpUehTf;furh; , mg;G+jpabfsplk; $wpaJ.
25 .,g;NghJ ,q;F mtd; cjthd; ahh; , ahhplk; $wpaJ ?
mg;G+jpabfs; , jpUehTf;furhplk; $wpaJ
26. jpUehTf;furh; %j;j jpUehTf;furiu vq;qdk; caph;j;njor; nra;jhu;?
xd;Wnfhyhk;| vdj;njhlq;Fk; gjpfk; ghb caph;j;njor; nra;jhu;.
27. taypd; tug;Gfshff; $wg;gLgit ahit ?
1 ntz;gh 2)Mrpupag;gh 3)fypg;gh 4)tQ;rpg;gh.
28. tay; jUk; tpisTfs; ahit ? 1) mwk; 2)nghUs; 3),d;gk; 4)tPL
29. Nghypg; Gyth;fisj; jz;bg;Nghh; ahh; ?
1. gps;isg; ghz;bad; 2. tpy;ypGj;J}h; Mo;thh;. 3. xl;lf; $j;jh;
30. td;idAs; vy;yhk; jiyahaJ vJ ?
jk;iktpl mwptpy; rpwe;j ngupNahiu cwtpdhuha; Vw;W elj;jy;. ;
31. nfLg;ghh; ,yhDq; nfL;gth; ahh; ?
fbe;J mwpTiu$Wk; nghpNahiuj; jkf;Fj; Jizaha;f; nfhs;shjth;,; gifth;
,d;wpf; nfLth;
32. ey;yhh; njhlh;G iftpLjy; - vj;jd;ikj;J ?
ed;ik nghUe;jpa rhd;Nwhhpd; el;igf; iftpLtJ , jhd; jdpj;J epd;W
gyNuhL gif nfhs;tijtplg; gj;J klq;F jPik jUk;. Page
| 12
33. Nte;jw;Fupa nghUs;fs; ahit ?
muR cupikahy; tUk; nghUs;.
kf;fs; tupahfj; jUk; nghUs;.
gifthplkpUe;J jpiwaha;f; nfhs;Sk; nghUs;.
34. Njthuk; - nghUs; vOJf.
Nj + thuk; - nja;tj;ijg; gw;wpa ,d;dpirg; ghly;fs;.
Nj + Muk; - nja;tj;jpw;F mzpAk; G+khiy Nghd;w ghkhiy.
35. rptngUkhd; vj;jd;ikad; ?
rptngUkhd; vtUf;Fk; mbikahfhj jd;ikad;.
xU fhjpdpy; ey;y rq;fpdhyhd ntz;ikahd Fz;lyj;ij mzpe;jtd;.
36. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ ?
Mw;Wjy; ( ,y;tho;jy;) vd;gJ tUe;jp te;Njhh;f;F cjTjy; .
37. gz;G vdg;gLtJ ahJ ?
gz;G vdg;gLtJ rhd;Nwhu;top mwpe;J elj;jyhFk;.
38. mwpT vdg;gLtJ ahJ?.
mwpT vdg;gLtJ mwptw;wtu; $Wk; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;SjyhFk;.
39. fyk;gf E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y; vJ?
ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;.
40. ee;jpf;fyk;gf cWg;Gfs; ehd;fpid vOJf.
mk;khid> Cry;> kwk;> jtk;.
41. ee;jpf;fyk;gfk; ahu; kPJ ghlg;ngw;wJ?
gy;yt kd;dd; %d;whk; ee;jp tu;kd; kPJ ghlg;ngw;wJ.
42. ee;jptu;kd; tPuk; vj;jifaJ?.
mwptpy;yhj gifauru; ee;jpapd; jhkiu Nghd;w jpUtbfis tzq;fhtpby;>
mtu; nfhy;yg;gl;L; Njtu; cyfk; nry;tu;.
43. Mo;thu;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;gpd; ngau; vd;d?.
ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;.
44. FyNrfuu; vt;ntk; nkhopfspy; ty;ytu;?
tlnkhop (rkw;fpUjk;)
njd;nkhop (jkpo;)
45. rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?
Page
1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk; | 13
2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth;
3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk;.
45. Gyp trdpj;j glyj;jpd; %yk; ePawpAk; mwk; ahJ?
1. cyfpYs;s caphpdq;fs; midj;Jk; xd;nwdf; fUJfpd;w mUshsh;fs; Kd;
nfhba caphpdq;fSk; gzpe;J elf;Fk;
ciueil FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 28 Kjy; 34 tiu
1. cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; vj;jid?

cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; %thapuk; MFk;.
2. njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpj;J Kidth; vkpNdh $WtJ ahJ?
,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeh;fs; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
$Wfpd;wJ vd lhf;lh; vkpNdh $Wfpwhh;.
3. nkhopf;Fhpa nrt;tpay; jd;ikfs; ahit?
njhd;ik> Kd;ik> Ez;ik> jpz;ik> vz;ik> xz;ik> ,dpik> jdpik> ,sik>
tsik> jha;ik> J}a;ik> Kk;ik> nrk;ik> ,ad;ik> tpad;ik.
4. xU nkhop epiyg;ngw;W epw;gjw;Fhpa jFjpg;ghLfs; ahit?
Ngr;R nkhopahf> vOj;J nkhopahf> Ml;rp nkhopahf> ePjpkd;w nkhopahf gapw;W
nkhopahf epiyngw;wply; Ntz;Lk;.
3. jkpo;nkhopapd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vOJf.
,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kg;ngUk; gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ.
jkpoh; mfk;>Gwk; vd;W tho;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdh;.
jpUf;Fws;> khe;jh; ,dj;jpw;Nf tho;tpay; newpKiwfis tFj;jspj;jJ.
5. nkhop khw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?
xU nkhopg; glj;ij kw;w nkhopfspy; khw;wp mikf;Fk; Kiwf;F nkhopkhw;wk;
vd;Wngah;.
6. fy;tpg; glq;fspd; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?
gy;tif tpyq;Ffspd; tho;f;if
gd;dhl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;if
Neupy; fhz Kbahj ,lq;fs; Kjypatw;iw ehk; fy;tpg;glq;fspd; thapyhf mwpayhk;.
7. nra;jpg; glq;fs; %ykhf ehk; mwptd ahit? Page

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cyfpy; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; elf;Fk; epfo;r;rpfisr; nra;jpg; glq;fs; %ykhf ehk; mwpayhk;.
8. jpiug;glr;RUs; gw;wp ePtPh; mwptd ahit?

jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.
glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; RUs;> vjpu;r;RUs; vdg;gLk;.
9. nfhLq;flyhy; nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs; ahit?
1) Fkhp kiy 2) Fkhp MW 3) g/Wsp MW
10. Vw;Wkjp> ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; E}y;fs; ahit?
1) gl;bdg; ghiy 2) kJiuf;fhQ;rp
11. Qhyk; - ngah;f; fhuzk; $Wf.
Qhyk; vd;Dk; jkpo;r;nrhy; Qhy; vd;Dk; nrhy;ybahfj; Njhd;wpaJ.
Qhy; vd;gjw;F njhq;Fjy; vd;W nghUs;.
cyfk; mz;l ntspapy; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,/J czh;j;JfpwJ.
12. kUe;jpy;yh kUj;Jtk; gw;wp jpUts;Sth; $WtJ vd;d?
clypy; thjk;> gpj;jk;> rPjk;> Mfpa %d;Wk; rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mr;rkepiy jtWk;NghJ Neha; Vw;gLk; vd jpUts;Stu; $Wfpwhu;
3. mnkhpf;f ,johrphpauplk; fhe;jpabfs; gw;wpg; ngz;kzp $wpaJ ahJ?
cyfpy; ,d;W fhe;jpabfs; ,y;iy.
Mdhy; mth; tpl;Lr;nrd;w fhe;jpaf; nfhs;iffs; ,d;Wk; cyif topelj;jpr;
nry;fpd;wd| vd;W mnkhpf;f ,johrphpauplk; fhe;jpabfs; gw;wpg; ngz;kzp $wpdhh;.
14. fhe;jpabfis ftu;e;j F[uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J ahJ?
jhfj;jpw;F ePu; jUtjpy; xd;Wk; ,y;iy. jPik nra;jtw;Fk; ed;ikNa nra;.
cz;ikg; nghUz;ik cz;L.
15. ,NaRtpd; kiyg; nghopT E}iyg; gbj;J fhe;jpabfs; czh;e;jJ vd;d?
jPatid vjph;f;fhNj mtdplKs;s jPikia vjph;j;J epy;
giftdplKk; md;G ghuhl;L
vd;Dk; fUj;Jf;fs; fhe;jpabfsplk; nefpo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpd.
16. fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk;gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;ghf mike;j cah; gz;Gfs; ahit?
md;G 2) cz;ik 3) cWjp 4) ,d;dh nra;ahik
Mfpa cah;gz;Gfs; fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk;gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;ghf mike;jd.
17. fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; ahit?
1) fjh; ,af;fk; 2) kJ tpyf;F 3) jPz;lhik xopg;G Page
| 15
- Mfpad fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; MFk;.
18. fhe;jpabfs; vjidg; ghtk; vd;fpwhh;?
,e;jpahtpy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; cz;z czTk;> cLf;f cilAk;
,d;wp tho;fpd;wdh;.
me;epiyapy; kd;dh;fSk;> nry;te;jh;fSk; tpiy kjpg;Gs;s mzpfyd;fis
mzpe;Jf; nfhz;L gfl;lhf tho;tJ ghtk; vd;fpwhh; fhe;jpabfs;.
19. ,e;jpahtpd; tho;T Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpabfs; $WtJ ahJ?
,e;jpahtpd; tho;T vd;gJ ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd fpuhkq;fspd; tho;Tjhd;.
me;j fpuhkq;fspd; tho;T> me;j ehl;bd; coth;fs;> ,isQh;fs; MfpNahh;
iffspy;jhd; cs;sJ> vd;fpwhh; fhe;jpabfs;.
20. ,uhkypq;fh; vq;F? vg;NghJ gpwe;jhu;?
flY}h; khtl;lk; rpjk;guk; tl;lj;jpy; cs;s kUJ}hpy; gpwe;jhu;.
gpwe;j Njjp 5.10.1823
21. ,uhkypq;fu; GJnewpf; fz;l Gyth; vdg; Nghw;wg;glf; fhuzk; vd;d?
kf;fs; mwpahik ePq;fp mwpT xsp ngw Nrhjp jhprdg; GJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;.
22. ts;syhhpd; Kof;fk; ahJ?
mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp jdpg;ngUq; fUiz vd;gNj ts;syhhpd; Kof;fk; MFk;.
23. rj;jpa jUk rhiyapy; ts;syhh; nra;j njhz;L ahJ?
tlY}hpy; rj;jpa jUk rhiyia epWtpdhu;.
rhjp> kj NtWghbd;wpg; grpj;Njhh;f;nfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;.
24. xt;nthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ vf;fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;?
xt;nthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ Nky;epiyf; fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
25. jw;NghJ tsh;eJ
; tUk; ,uz;L njhopy;El;gj; Jiwfs; ahit?
caphp njhopy;El;gk;
Ez;zpay; njhopy;El;gk;
26. gl;lg; gbg;Gfspy; vitNaDk; ehd;fpid vOJf.
1. gp.ypl; jkpo; 2. gp.V. Mq;fpyk; 3. gp;.v];.rp. fzpjk;
4. gp.fhk;. tzpftpay; Mfpad ehd;Fk; gl;lg; gbg;Gfs; MFk;
nra;As; gFjp rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 35 Kjy; 39 tiu Page

| 16
1. khzpf;f thrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW Ntz;Lfpwhh;?

vy;yhk; cila ngUkhNd
1. ehd; cd;ghy; Ngud;G nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf cly; rpyph;j;Njd; cs;sk; eLq;fpNdd;
2.eWkzk; fkOk; cd; jpUtbfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> jiyNky; ifFtpj;J tzq;fpNdd;.
3. fz;fspy; ePh; ngUFkhW cs;sk; tUe;j cUfpNdd;
4. ngha;gn
; ghUis tpyf;fp> nka;gn
; ghUshfpa cd;id epidj;J Jjpj;Njd;.
5. nty;f nty;f vd cd; mUk;ngUk; nray;fisAk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Njd;
6. ,j;jifa xOf;fj;jpidf; iftpNld;.
7. vdNt cd; mbath;fSs; xUtdhf vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;thahfvd;W Ntz;Lfpwhh;
2. fhykwpjy; Njitgw;wp vOJf.
1. Nfhl;lhd;> fhf;ifiaf; fhl;bYk; typikAilaJ.
2. MapDk; Nfhl;lhDf;Fg; gfypy; fz; njhpahJ.
3. mf;fhykwpe;J fhf;if mjid nty;Yk;.
4.mijg;Nghy jk;kpYk; typik kpf;f giftiuf; fhykwpe;J Nghhpl;lhy; vspjpy; nty;yyhk;.
3 nghpahuJ ,yf;fzk; ahJ?
mwnewpia mwpe;J mwptpy; njspe;j Kjph;r;rpAilNahh; el;gpid Muha;e;jwpe;J
Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.
M. jkf;F te;Js;s Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> NkYk; Jd;gk; tuhjthW
Kd;djhfNt fhf;Fk; jd;ik cilahiug; Nghw;wp el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.
4 thapw;fhtyd; ghz;ba kd;did vt;thW tho;j;jpdhd;?

nfhw;if vd;Dk; JiwKfj;ij cila ghz;ba kd;dNd tho;thahf!
njw;Fg; gFjpapy; cs;s nghjpakiyf;F jiytNd tho;f! nropaNd tho;f!
jkpo;ehl;bd; njd;gFjpj; jiytNd tho;f!
gopr;nrhw;fs; Nruhj gQ;rtNd tho;f!|
vd thapw;fhtyd; ghz;ba kd;did tho;j;jpdhd;.
5 .fz;zfp Fwpj;J thapw;fhtyd; $wpatw;iw vOJf?
ntw;wpjUk; Ntypid ifapy; Ve;jp> gplu;jiy gPlj;jpy; Vwpa nfhw;witAk; my;ys;;
,iwtid eldkhlr; nra;j gj;ufhspAk; my;ys;;
fhl;il ,lkhff; nfhz;l fhspAk; my;ys;;
jhUfd; khh;ig gpse;j Jh;ifAk; my;ys;; Page
nghw;rpyk;G xd;iw ifapy; Ve;jpatsha; rpdk; nfhz;l ngz; xUj;jp ek; | 17
thapypd; Kd;Nd epw;fpwhs;| vd;W thapw; fhtyd; fz;zfpapd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;J
ghz;ba kd;ddplk; $Wfpwhd;.
6.rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; Nrhoehl;L kd;du;fspd; rpwg;Gfs; ahit?
rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; Nrhoehl;L kd;du;fspd; rpwg;G
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; rpgp kd;dd; kw;Wk; kDePjpr;Nrhodpd; rpwg;Gfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rpgp kd;dd;
NtldplkpUe;J Gwhitf; fhg;gjw;fhf jd; jiria mWj;Jf; nfhLj;Jk; vilf;F
vil rkkhfhjjhy; jhNd Jshf;Nfhypy; Vwpatd; rpgp kd;dd;.
kDePjpr;Nrhod;
jd; muz;kid kzp xypj;jijf; Nfl;Lg; gRtpd; Jaiu mwpe;J> jd; xg;gw;w
kfidNa Nju;r;rf;fuj;jpypl;Lf; nfhd;wtd; kDePjpr;Nrhod;.
7. fz;zfpf;Fg; ghz;bad; neQ;nropad; $wpa kWnkhop ahJ?
fz;zfpapd; mwpKfk;
tho;tjw;fhf epd; kJiu efuj;Jf;F te;J> vd; fhw;rpyk;gpid tpw;f Kad;w NghJ>
cd;dhy; nfhiynra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp| vd;W fz;zfp jd;id mwpKfk;
nra;J nfhs;fpwhs;.
ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; $wpa kWnkhop
fs;tid nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W; mJNt mur ePjp vd;W ghz;bad;
neLQ;nropad; fz;zfpaplk; $wpdhd;.
8. jkpo; nkhop tsu;r;rpaila ghujpjhrd; $Wk; top tiffs; ahit?
gy;NtW Jiw E}y;fs; jkpopy; ntspapl Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo;nkhopia kjq;fSf;Fs; mlf;fhik Ntz;Lk;.
Ch;NjhWk; ,ytr E}y; epiyaq;fs; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
jkpopd; ngUikfisf; $Wtij tpLj;J Fiwfis ePf;fp GJikg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,itNa jkpo; tsh;r;rpaila ghujpjhrd; $Wk; topKiwfshFk;.
9. nre;jkpior; nrOe;jkpoha;r; nra;tjw;Fg; ghujpjhrd; $Wk; topfs; ahit?
jkpo; E}y;fis vspa eilapy; vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yf;fz E}y;fis Gjpjhfg; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cyfpd; Gjpa Ma;T rpe;jidfis jkpo;gg ; Lj;j Ntz;Lk;.
mtw;iw tpsf;fg; glq;fSld; E}y;fshf;fp nre;jkpio nrOe;jkpoha; nra;jpl Ntz;Lk;.
10. fk;guhkhazk; - rpW Fwpg;G vOJf. Page
E}y; tuyhW | 18
,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; ,uhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ. thd;kf

P p Kdpth; tlnkhopapy;
vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijj; jOtpf; fk;gu; mjidj; jkpopy; ,aw;wpdhu;. fk;gu; ,e;E}Yf;F
,uhkhtjhuk;| vdg; ngahpl;lhu;.
gphpTfs;
fk;guhkhzk; ghyfhz;lk;> mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> Muz;a fhz;lk;> fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;>
Re;ju fhz;lk;> Aj;j fhz;lk; vd MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ.
rpwg;G
jpUf;FwisAk; fk;guhkhazj;ijAk; jkpOf;Ff; ~fjp| vd;gu; ngupNahu;.
11. rPij> ,yf;Ftd;> MfpNahuplk; Ffidg;gw;wp ,uhkd; $wpanjd;d?
Ffd; ek;kplk; ePq;fhj md;G cilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
vy;yhtw;wpDk; ,dpatdhd ,td; ek;Kld; ,Uf;fl;Lk;|
vd;W rPij> ,yf;Ftd; MfpNahuplk; Ffidg; gw;wp ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.
12. tpUj;jkhjtiu Nehf;fp ,uhkd; $wpait ahit?
md;Gs;sj;Jld; Ffd; nfhz;L te;j ,g;nghUs;fs; fpilg;gjw;F mhpad.
mKjj;ijtplr; rpwe;jd.
,it vj;jifadtha; ,Ug;gpDk; md;G fye;jjhy; J}a;ikahditNa!
Mifahy; ,dpikahd ,it> ehq;fs; tpUk;gp cz;ljw;Fr; rkk;|
vd;W tpUj;jkhjtiu Nehf;fp ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.
13. rhd;Nwhu; el;Gf;F ctikahff; $wg;gLtd ahit?
rhd;Nwhu; el;G
rhd;Nwhu; vd;Wk; rhd;NwhUlNd el;G nfhs;tu;.
rhd;Nwhu; el;Gf;F ctik
nghd;Dk; gtsKk; Kj;Jk; ngUkiyapy; gpwf;Fk; khzpf;fKk;> ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy;
Njhd;Wfpd;wd. MapDk; khiyahff; Nfhj;J kjpg;Gkpf;f mzpfydhf mikf;Fk;NghJ>
jk;Ks; xUq;F NrUk;.
14. jiytDf;Fj; Njhop $Wk; nra;jpapid ew;wpizg; ghly;topj; njhFj;J vOJf.
Kd;tpidg; gad;
murhy; rpwg;Gr; nra;ag; ngWjYk;> ahid> Nju;> Fjpiu Kjypa Ch;jpfspy;
mt;turh; Kd;dpiyapy; tpiue;J nry;YjYk; nry;tr; rpwg;gd;W. m/J mtutu; jk;
Kd;tpidg; gaNd. Page
| 19
cz;ikahd nry;tk;
jd;ghy; Gfyplk; Njbte;j vspNahiuf; iftplhky; fhf;Fk; nkd;ikahd gz;Ng
nry;tnkd rhd;Nwhu; $Wth;| vd;W jiytDf;Fj; Njhop $Wfpwhs;.
15. rPwhg;Guhzk; Fwpg;G vOJf.
ngah;fhuzk;
rPwh - tho;f;if> Guhzk; - tuyhW. egpfs; ehafj;jpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw
vLj;jpak;Gk; E}y; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.
E}y; mikg;G
,e;E}y; tpyhjj;J fhz;lk;> EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk;> `p;[u; j;Jf; fhz;lk; vd;Dk;
Kg;gphpTfis nfhz;lJ. 5027 tpUj;jg;ghf;fshy; MdJ.
16. Gypapd; nfhLQ;nray;fs; gw;wp ckWg;Gyth; $Wtd ahit?
rpq;fj;ijj; jtpu kw;w tpyq;Ffspd; ,iwr;rpia cz;Zk;.
nghpa ahidfspd; khu;gpidf; fPwpf; FUjpapidf; Fbf;Fk;.
nghpa kiyfSk; mjpUk;gb ,biaf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf Koq;Fk;.
Gyp Koq;Fk; xirapidf; Nfl;L fhl;nlUikfSk; gd;wpfSk; fubfSk;
fiykhd;fSk; fhy; jLkhwp epyj;jpy; tpOe;J eLf;fkilAk;.
17.egpfs; ehafj;ijf; fz;l Gypapd; epiyia vOJf.
KfkJ egp kfpo;r;rpAld; ghijapy; ele;J tUtij fz;l Gyp>
jdJ thiy tisj;J nfhz;lJ.
cly; eLf;fKw;W nky;y nky;y ele;J te;jJ.
Fspu;r;rp jq;fpa jsph;NghYk; jpUtbf; fhl;rp fpilj;jnjd;W> gzpe;J tzq;fpaJ.
18. rhjidg;G+f;fs; vd;W vtw;iwr; rhiyahu; Rl;Lfpwhu;?
tho;f;ifahfpa topj; jlq;fs; Fg;igf; $sq;fshy; milgLKd; tpiue;J nrd;W>
fz;fisAk; fhJfisAk; Jizahff; nfhz;L kd cWjpAld; tpz;izAk; fle;J
ntw;wpf; nfhs;gth;fis rhjidg; G+f;fs; vd;W rhiyahu; Rl;Lfpwhu;
ciueilg; gFjp-rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;.40 Kjy; 44 tiu
1. ngz;fy;tp Fwpj;Jg; nghpahh; $Wk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?
ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; rhu;e;j jiyfPohd xU Gul;rp Vw;gl;lhnyhopa> nghpa
khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L tutpayhJ.
ngz;fs; kdpjg; gpwtpfsha; elkhl Ntz;Lkhdhy; mLg;gq;fiuia tpl;L Page
ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;. | 20
ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;whnyhopa r%fj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhJ.
Mz;fs; ngz;fis gbf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Muha;r;rpg; gbg;Gk; jhuhskha;f; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ngz;fy;tp gw;wp
nghpahu; vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.
2. ngz;Zhpikia tpsf;Ff?
MZf;Fg; ngz; ,isg;gpy;iy| vd;gij czu Ntz;Lk;.
ngz;fs; jj;jk; fztDf;F kl;Lk; ciof;Fk; mbikfshf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; njhz;lhw;Wk; Gfo; ngw;w ngz;kzpfshf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.
ngz;fSf;F nrhj;Jhpik toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
3. kzf;nfhil Fwpj;Jg; nghpahh; $Wtd ahit?
ngw;Nwhu;fspd; kdg;Nghf;F
jkpoh;fspilNa ,d;W gutpAs;s xU ngUNeha; kzf;nfhil. jd; kfDf;fhf
nrytopj;jg; gzj;ij njhopypy; Nghl;l KjyPlhf fUjp> mtw;iw tug;NghFk;
kidtpaplk; ngw;Wtpl Ntz;Lnkd;W Jbf;fpd;wdu;.
,d;iwa ,isQh;fspilNa Vw;gl Ntz;ba khw;wk;:
md;Gk; jpahf czh;r;rpAk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; ,k;khjpupahd nfhLikfis xopf;f
,aYk;. jkpo;ehl;L ,isQh;fs; nrf;F khLfshf ,y;yhky;> ge;jaf;Fjpiufshf
khwNtz;Lk;. jhNk Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; cau;e;j vz;zk; ek; ,isQh;fspilNa tsuNtz;Lk;.
4. mk;Ngj;fh; ngw;w fy;tpj; jFjpfs; ahit?
1908,y; vy;gpd;];ld; gs;spapy; cah;epiyg; gs;spg; gbg;G.
1912,y; gk;gha; vygp;d;];ld; fy;Y}hpapy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk;.
1915,y; KJfiyg; gl;lk;.
1916,y; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kidth; gl;lk;. Mfpait mk;Ngj;fhu; ngw;w fy;tpj; jFjpfshFk;.
5. fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F mk;Ngj;fh; Mw;wpa gzp ahJ?

mk;Ngj;fh;> 1946Mk; Mz;L kf;fs; fy;tpf; fofj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;.
Kk;igapy;> mtuJ mhpa Kaw;rpahy; cUthd rpj;jhu;j;jh cau;fy;tp epiyaj;jpy;
,d;iwa mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F Ntz;ba midj;Jg; ghlq;fSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
6. Ngr;rpd; njhlf;fk; vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?
Nfl;Nghiu jd;tag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; Ngr;irj; njhlq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
mitapy; ,Ug;Nghiu tpspj;Jr; RUf;fkhd Kd;DiuAld; Ngrj; njhlq;FtNj rpwg;GilaJ.
Ngrj; njhlq;fpa XupU kzpj;Jspfspy; Ngrg;NghFk; nghUspy; GFe;JtpLtJ
ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.
,lj;jpw;Fk; #oYf;Fk; Vw;gj; njhlf;fTiu mikjy; ed;W. Page
| 21
7. Ngr;rpid Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; rpytw;iw vOJf.
Ngr;rpd; RUf;fj;ijf; $wp Kbj;jy;>
czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; Kiwapy; Kbj;jy;>
ghuhl;b Kbj;jy;>
nghUj;jkhd ftpijf; $wp Kbj;jy;
vd Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; gy cs;sd. rpwe;j Ngr;rhsu; vg;gb Kbj;jhYk; moFwNt mikAk;.
8. Ngr;Rf;fiyapy; nkhopAk; KiwAk; vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?
nkhop mikg;G
kpd;rhuk; gha fk;gp fUtpahf ,Ug;gJNghyf; fUj;ij tpsf;f nkhop fUtpahf
cs;sJ. Mjyhy; NgRk; nkhop moFilajhfTk; njspthfTk; rpf;fyw;wjhfTk; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
NgRk; Kiw
nrhy;iy Muha;e;J mwpe;J msthfg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. nrhw;fs; fpilf;fpwNj
vd;W nfhl;btpLjy; $lhJ. nra;jpia tpiuthf nrhy;Yjy; $lhJ. jpUk;g jpUk;g
nrhy;Yjy; jtW. kpifg;gl NgRjy; $lhJ.
9. fly; thzpfk; Fwpj;J vOJf.
jkpoh;fs; fly; thzpfj;jpy; jiyrpwe;jpUe;jdu;.
nghd;Dk;> Kj;Jk;> JfpYk; nfhz;L fly; thzpfk; nra;jdu;.
fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng fpNuf;fk;> cNuhkhGhp> vfpg;J Mfpa ehLfSld; mhprpAk;>
kapy; NjhifAk;> re;jdKk; jkpofj;jpypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;ld.
fp;.K. 10Mk; E}w;whz;by; murd; rhykDf;F ahidj; je;jKk;> kapy; NjhifAk;>
thridg; nghUl;fSlk; mDg;gg;gl;ld.
jkpou;fs; rhtf ehl;LlDk; thzpfj; njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
10. coTj;njhopy; Fwpj;J vOJf.
cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;tu;| vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;.
jkpoh;> cOJ gapu; nra;J cyiff; fhf;Fk; coTj;njhopiyg; ngupJk;Nghw;wpdu;.
cz;b nfhLj;Njhu; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu| vd;Dk; gonkhop ,d;Wk; jkpoh;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
coTf;Fr; rpwg;Gg; ngw;w kUjepyk; taYk; tay; rhu;e;j ,lkhf tifg;gLj;jdu;.
kUj epyj;jpd; ngUik fUjpNa Nte;jid Kjd;ikg; gLj;jpdu; jkpoh;.
11. fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; vJ? tpsf;Ff.
fhe;jpabfisf; ftu;e;j ehlfk; fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; mhpr;re;jpud; ehlfk;.
ftuf; fhuzk;
Page
mhpr;re;jpud; cz;ikia kl;LNk NgRk; murd;. mtid ngha; Ngritf;f Ntz;Lk; | 22
vd;gjw;fhf gy ,d;dy;fisj; jUfpwhu; tpRthkpj;jpuu;. mjdhy;> mhpr;re;jpud; ehl;ilAk;
kidtpiaAk; xNu kfidAk; ,oe;J RLfhl;by; gzpGhpfpwhd;.
fhe;jpabfspd; KbT
mtdJ tha;ikia ehlfk; thapyhf czh;e;j fhe;jpabfs;> jhk; xU rj;jpathdhf
,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W cWjpnfhz;lhu;.
12. kdpjNeak; Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpabfs; $wpaJ ahJ?
kdpjhgpkhdk;
vd;idg; nghUj;jtiuapy; NjrhgpkhdKk; kdpjhgpkhdKk; xd;Wjhd;. ehd; xU
Njrgf;jd;. mjw;F fhuzk; ehd; kdpjdhf ,Ug;gJk;> mjw;FNky; kdpjhgpkhdpahf
,Ug;gJk;jhd;|| vd;W fhe;jpabfs; $Wfpwhu;.
kdpjj;jd;ik
kdpju; nkhopahYk; ehl;lhYk; czh;j;jg;gLtjidf; fhl;bYk; kdjj;jd;ikahy;
czu;j;jg;gLtNj rpwg;G vd;fpwhu;. ehd; xU F[uhj;jpadhf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk;>
,e;jpadhf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk;> kdpjdhf ,Ug;gNj ngUikf;FhpaJ vd;W $Wfpwhu;
nra;Aisg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp - tpdh vz;. 45
1.mhpfhy; khwpa mq;fz; mfy;tay;

kWfhy; cOj <ur; nrWtpd;
tpj;njhL nrd;w tl;b gw;gy
kPndhL ngaUk; ahzh; Cu||
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? ew;wpiz
2. mhp - nghUs; $Wf. new;fjph;
3. mq;fz; - gphpj;J vOJf. mk; + fz;
4. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}ypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhu;
5. ,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mb vJiffis vOJf. mupfhy;> kWfhy;
2. mupah rdKdf;Nf ahdhy; cdf;Fr;
rupahUk; cz;Nlh jkpNo - tpupthu;
jpfo;gh xUehd;FQ; nra;As;tuk; ghfg;
Gfo;gh tpdq;fs;kilg; Nghf;fh - epfoNt Page
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ ? jkpo;tpL J}J | 23
2. ,g;ghlypy; cdf;F vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk;? jkpiof; Fwpf;Fk;.

3. ehd;F tifg; ghf;fs; ahit? ntz;gh> Mrpupag;gh fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh.
4. ,g;ghlypy; gapd;W te;Js;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.
mupahrdk; - rupahUk;> jpfo;gh - Gfo;gh
5. mupahrdk; nghUs; jUf. rpq;fhjdk;.
3. ey;Nyup dhy;nra;As; ehw;fuzj; Nju;G+l;br;
nrhy;Nyu; cotu; njhFj;jPz;b - ey;ynewp
ehNy tpijah edptpijj;J ehw;nghUSk;
NkNy gyd;ngwr;nra; tpf;fehs; - NkNyhupy;
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J
2. ,e;E}ypd; Mrpupau; ahu? mwpag;gltpy;iy.
3. ehw;fuzq;fs; ahit? kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> mfq;fhuk;.
4. nrhy;Nyu; cotu; ahu;? Gytu;fs;
5.,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mb vJiffis vLj;J vLJf.ey;Nyupdhy; - nrhy;Nyu;> ehNy - NkNy
4. ghj;jdjhf; nfhz;lgps;isg; ghz;bad; tpy;ypxl;lf;
$j;jdptu; fy;yhJ Nfhl;bnfhSk; - rPj;ijahiuf;
Fl;br; nrtpaWj;Jf; $l;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;
ntl;bf; fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}h; - fl;b
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J
2. ,g;ghlypy; tUk; Gytu;fs; ngau;fis vOJf.
mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;> tpy;ypGj;J}uhu; xl;lf;$j;ju;>
3. Nghypg; Gytu;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgtu; ahu;? mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;.
4. rPj;ijau; - nghUs; $Wf. fPohdtu;> Nghypg;Gytu;
5.,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.ghj;jdjhf; - $j;jdptu;> Fl;b> ntl;b.
5. jpj;jpf;Fk; njs;sKjha;j; njs;sKjpd; Nkyhd
Kj;jpf; fdpNavd; Kj;jkpNo - Gj;jpf;Fs;
cz;zg; gLe;NjNd cd;Ndh Lte;Jiuf;Fk;
tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf;Nfs;.
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ jkpo;tpL J}J Page
2. Kj;jkpo; tpupj;njOJf. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;. | 24
3. tpsk;gf;Nfs; nghUs; $Wf. nrhy;yf; Nfl;ghahf.

4. cd;NdhLte;Jiuf;Fk; gpupj;J vOJf. cd;NdhL + cte;J + ciuf;Fk;
5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf.
jpj;jpf;Fk; - Kj;jp> cz;zg;gLk; - tpz;zg;gk;
6. Fl;br; nrtpaWj;Jf; $l;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;
ntl;bf; fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}h; - fl;b
tsh;ej
; id ghy;Ke;jphpif thiof; fdpaha;f;
fpsh;e;jfUk; gha;ehsp Nfuj;J - ,sq;fdpaha;j;
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpL J}J
2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ngah; ahJ? mwpatpy;iy
3.,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mb vJiffis vOJf. Fl;b> ntl;b tsu;e;jid> fpsu;e;jfUk;
4. nrtpaWj;J - gphpj;J vOJf. nrtp + mWj;J

5. ehspNfuk; - nghUs; vOJf. njd;id
7. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ xd;W myh;ej
; th;f;F cjTjy;
Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ Gzh;e;jhiug; gphpahik
gz;ngdg; gLtJ ghLmwpe;J xOFjy;
md;ngdg; gLtJ jd;fpis nrwhmik
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? fypj;njhif
2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? ey;ye;Jtdhu;
3. fpis - nghUs; vOJf. Rw;wk;
4. md;ngdg;gLtJ - gphpj;J vOJf. md;G + vdg;gLtJ
5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vOJf. Mw;Wjy;> Nghw;Wjy;
gz;ngdg; gLtJ> md;ngdg; gLtJ
8. rhjidg; G+f;fis Ve;JKd;Nd - ,q;F
ey;y nrb ,isg;ghwpLNkh?
Ntjid ahTk; kwe;jJghh; - nrb
ntw;wp nfhz;Nle;jpa G+tpdpNy.
1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? G+j;jJ khDlk; Page
2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? rhiy ,se;jpiuad; | 25
3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffisvLj;J vOJf. rhjid> Ntjid

4. rhjidg; G+ vJ?
tplh Kaw;rpAk; kdTWjpAk; nfhz;L ntw;wp nfhs;tu;fis rhjidg; G+
vd;W Mrpupau; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;
5. nrb vg;NghJ ,isg;ghWfpwJ? rhjidg; G+f;fis kyu itj;jg;gpd;.
ciueilg; gFjpiag; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp (tpdh vz;. 46)
1. Ma fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F vd;gh;. mj;jifa fiyfSs; Ngr;Rf; fiyAk; xd;W.
,J> Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;Nf mikaj;jf;f mhpanjhU fiy. ,J> kf;fSf;F
mwpT Gfl;b mth;fis cah;e;j ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;
td;ikAilaJ.Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; ey;y jkpiof; nfhz;L kf;fis <h;j;Njhh; jkpo;j;njd;wy;
jpU.tp.f.NguwpQh; mz;zh> uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is> ehtyh; NrhkRe;ju ghujpahh;> Fd;wf;Fb
mbfshh; KjypNahh; Mth;.;:
1. Ma fiyfs; vj;jid? Ma fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F vd;gu;.
2. Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wth;f;F mikaj;jf;f fiy vJ? Ngr;Rf; fiy
3. Nkilg;Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;Njhh; ahth;?
jkpo;j;njd;wy; jpU.tp.f.> NguwpQu; mz;zh> uh.gp.NrJgps;is> ehtyu; NrhkRe;ju
ghujpahu;> Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu;.
4. Ngr;Rf; fiyapd; td;ik ahJ?
kf;fSf;F mwpT Gfl;b cau;e;j ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;
td;ikAilaJ.
5. ,g;gFjpf;F Vw;wj; jiyg;G xd;W jUf. Ngr;Rf;fiy
2. ,uhkypq;fh; mUspa ghly;fs; mUl;fUiz epiwe;jit. MW njhFjpfs; nfhz;l
,tuJ ghly;fisj; jpUtUl;gh vd kf;fs; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;. ,th; cUt topghl;il
ePf;fp> xsptopghl;il kf;fisg; gpd;gw;wr; nra;jhh;. mjw;fhfNt tlY}hpy; rj;jpa
Qhdrigia epWtpdhh;. NkYk; kf;fs; mwpahikia ePq;fp mwpT xspngw> mq;Nf
Nrhjpjhprdg; GJikiag; GFj;jpdhh;. ,jdhy;jhd; ghujpahh;. ,tiug; ~GJnewp fz;l
Gyth|; vd;W Nghw;wpdhh;.
1. ,uhkypq;fh; mUspa ghly;fs; vg;gb miof;fg;gl;ld?
,uhkypq;fu; mUspa ghly;fs; jpUtUl;gh vd miof;fg;gl;ld.
2. jpUtUl;gh vj;jidj; njhFjpAilaJ? jpUtUl;gh MW njhFjpfis cilaJ. Page
3. cUt topghl;Lf;Fg; gjpyhf ve;j topghl;ilg; gpd;gw;wpdhh;? | 26
cUt topghl;Lf;Fg; gjpyhf xsptopghl;il gpd;gw;wpdhu;.

4. rj;jpa Qhd rig vq;F epWtg;gl;lJ? rj;jpa Qhd rig tlY}upy; epWtg;gl;lJ.
5. ,uhkypq;fiu ghujpahh; vg;gbg; Nghw;wpdhh;? GJnewp fz;l Gytu; vd;W Nghw;wpdhu;.
nra;As; - neLtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 47
1 xOf;fKilikg;gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf?

xOf;fj;jpd; cah;T
xOf;fk; xUth;f;F midj;J rpwg;GfisAk; jUtjhy;> mJ capupDk; Nkyhff; fUjg;gLk;.
xOf;fNk rpwe;j JizahFk;. vdNt mij vg;ghLgl;lhtJ tpUk;gp fhf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
xOf;fj;jpd; FzKk;> xOf;fkpd;ikahy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wKk;.
xOf;fk; cs;sth; cau; Fbapdu;. xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtu; ,op Fbapdu;.
xUtd; jhd; fw;wf; fy;tpia kwe;jhy; kPz;Lk; fw;Wf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. Mdhy;
xOf;fk; Fiwe;jhy; Fbgpwg;gpd; rpwg;G nfLk;.
nghwhik cs;stdplk; nry;tk; ,Uf;fhJ. mJNghy> xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtdplk;
cau;T ,Uf;fhJ.
xOf;fk; jtWjyhy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fis czh;e;jtu;fs;> mt;nthOf;f
newpapypUe;J rpwpJk; tpyf khl;lhu;fs;.
xOf;fKilatu;fs; Nkd;ik miltu;. xOf;fkpy;yhjth;fs; milaf;$lhj
gopia miltu;.
xOf;fj;jpd; tpisT
ey;nyhOf;fk; ed;ik vd;Dk; tpisitj; jUk;. jPnahOf;fk; Jd;gj;ij
tpisthfj;jUk;.
nrhy;yhYk; nrayhYk; tUk; xOf;fk;
ey;nyhOf;fk; cilatu;fshy; jtwpAk; jPikjUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhy;y ,ayhJ.
cau;e;jhNuhL nghUe;j thOk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjtu;> vt;tsTjhd; fw;wpUe;jhYk;
fy;yhjtNu Mtu;.
2 fhykwpjiy ts;Sth; top epd;W tpsf;Ff.
fhykwpjypd; rpwg;G
gfw;nghOjpy; jd;idtpl typikahd Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if ntd;WtpLk;.
mJNghyg; gif nty;yf; fUJk; murd;> Vw;w fhyk; mwpe;J nray;glNtz;Lk;.
fhykwpjypd; gad;
fhyj;jpw;F nghUe;jpa nraiy nra;tNj nry;tj;ij ePq;fhky; fl;Lk; fapuhFk;.
jFe;j fUtpfNshL Vw;w fhyk; mwpe;J nray;gl;lhy;> nra;jw;fhpa nray;fs;
Page
vJTk;,y;iy. | 27
fhykwpe;J ,lj;NjhL nghUe;j nray;gl;lhy; cyfj;ijNa mila tpUk;gpDk; if$Lk;.
fhj;jpUj;jypd; rpwg;G
cyfk; KOtijAk; Msf; fUJgth;> mjw;Fupa fhyj;ij vjpu;ghu;j;Jf;
fhj;jpUg;gu;.
Cf;fKilatd; fhyj;ij vjph;ghu;j;J mlq;fpapUg;jhdJ> Ml;Lf;flh gifiaj;
jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;thq;Fk; jd;ikiag; Nghd;wJ.
giftiu vjph;nfhs;Sk; Kiw
mwpTilahu;> giftu; jPq;F nra;j clNd rpdj;ij ntspf;fhl;lhky;> fhyk;
tUk;tiufhj;jpUg;gu;.
giftiuf; fhZk; NghJ gzpthf ,Uj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. mg;giftUf;F KbTf;fhyk;
tUk;NghJ> mth;jk; epiyik jiyfPoha; khwptpLk;.
tpiue;J nray;Kbj;jy;
mhpa tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; NghJ> mij gad;gLj;jp nraw;fhpa nray;fs; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
fhj;jpUe;J nray;gLjy;
tha;g;gw;w fhyj;jpy; nfhf;ifg;Nghy mikjpahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tha;g;G
fpilf;Fk; NghJ tpiue;J nraiy Kbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
3 Njuh kd;dh vd tpspj;Jf; fz;zfp $wpad ahit?
Njuh kd;dh vd tpspj;J fz;zfp $wpait
ePnuhOFk; fz;fSld; vk;Kd; epw;Fk; ngz;Nz eP ahu;?||; vd kd;dd; fz;zfpaplk;
tpdtpdhd;. fz;zfp kd;did Nehf;fp ~~Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd
cd;dplk; $WtJ xd;W cz;L|| vd ciuf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;.
Gfhu; efhpd; rpwg;G
Gwhtpd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fpa rpgp kd;dDk;> jd; muz;kid kzp xypj;jijf;
Nfl;L gRtpd; Jd;gj;ij mwpe;J> jd; xg;gw;w kfidNa Njh;r;rf;fuj;jpypl;Lf; nfhd;w
kDePjp NrhoDk; tho;e;j> ngUk;GfOila Gfhu; efuk; ahd; gpwe;j Ch;|| vd;W jdJ
Chpd; ngUikapid fz;zfp $wpdhs;.
fz;zfpapd; mwpKfk;
rpwg;G nghUe;jpa Gfhu; efuj;jpy; gpwe;j khrhj;Jthdpd; kfid kzk; Ghpe;Njd;.
Co;tpidg; gadhy;> epd; kJiu efu; te;J> fhw;rpyk;ig tpw;f Kad;wNghJ> cd;dhy;
nfhiynra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp ehd;> fz;zfp vd;gJ vd; ngau;||; vd;W $wpdhs;.
ghz;badpd; kWnkhop
fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W; mJNt mur ePjp|| vd;W ghz;ba Page
| 28
kd;dd; fz;zfpf;F kWnkhop $wpdhd;.
fz;zfp fhw;rpyk;ig cilj;jy;
fz;zfp jd; fhw;rpyk;G khzpf;fg; guy;fisf; nfhz;lJ vd;whs;. mjw;F ghz;ba
kd;dd; vk;Kila fhw;rpyk;gpy; Kj;Jg; guy;fs; nfhz;lJ vdf; $wp NfhtydplkpUe;J
ifg;gw;wpa fhw;rpyk;ig nfhz;L tur; nra;jhd;. me;j fhw;rpyk;gpid fz;zfp vLj;J
Xq;fp cilj;jhs;. mjpypUe;J khzpf;fg; guy;fs; kd;ddpd; cjl;by; gl;Lj; njwpj;jJ.
kd;dd; cz;ik mwpjy;
khzpf;fg; guy;fz;l kd;dd;> ~~nghw;nfhy;yd; nrhy; Nfl;L ePjp jtwpa> ehNdh
murd!; ehNd fs;td;; mwe;jtwhJ Fbkf;fisf;fhf;Fk; njhd;ikahl;rp vd;Kjy;
jtwpaJ. vd; tho;ehs; mopal;Lk;||; vd;wthNw kaq;fp tPo;e;jhd;. Nfhg;ngUe;NjtpAk;
kd;ddpd; jpUtbfis tzq;fp epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J ,we;jhs;.
4 fz;zfpf;Fk; ghz;ba kd;dd; neLQ;nropaDf;Fk; ele;j nrhw;Nghupid
ciuahlyhf mikj;J vOJf?
kd;dd; : ,sikahd nfhbNghd;wtNs! ePnuhOFk; fz;fSld; vk;Kd; te;J
epw;Fk; eP ahu;?
fz;zfp : Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd! rpgp kd;dDk;> kDePjp NrhoDk;
gpwe;j Ch; Gfhu; efuk;. mg;Gfhu; efupy; gpwe;j khrhj;Jthdpd; kfid
kzk; Ghpe;Njd;. co;tpidg; gadhy; epd; kJiu efuj;jpw;F te;J> vd;
fhw;rpyk;ig tpw;f Kad;W> cd;dhy; nfhiy nra;ag;ll Nfhtyd;
kidtp ehd;. fz;zfp vd;gJ vd; ngau;.
kd;dd; : fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W> mJNt mur ePjp.
fz;zfp : mwnewpapy; nry;yhj murNd vd; fhw;rpyk;G khzpf;fg; guy;fisf;
nfhz;lJ.
kd;dd; : eP $wpaJ ey;yNj vk;Kilar; rpyk;gpd; guy;fs; Kj;Jf;fNs.
(Nfhtydplk; ifg;gw;wpa fhw;rpyk;G nfhz;Ltug;gLfpwJ.
fz;zfp :fhw;rpyk;gpid Xq;fp cilf;fpwhs;. mjpypUe;J khzpf;fg; guy;fs;
ntspg;gLfpd;wd)
kd;dd; : nghd;nra;Ak; nfhy;ydpd; ngha;Aiu Nfl;L mwnewp jtwpa> ehNdh
murd;! ehNd fs;td;. (kd;dd; kaq;fp tPo;e;jhd;. Nfhg;ngUe;NjtpAk; epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J ,we;jhs;.) Page
5 FfDf;Fk; ,uhkDf;Fk; eilngw;w ciuahliyj; njhFj;J vOJf? | 29
,uhkd; fq;ifapd; kWf;fiu miljy;

,uhkd; jd; kidtp rPijAlDk; jk;gp ,yf;FtDlDk; fhl;bw;F nrd;whd;. nry;Yk;
topapy; fq;iff; fiuia mile;jhd;.
Ffd; ,uhkidf; fhz tUjy;
rpUq;fpNguk; vd;Dk; efupy; thOk; Ffd; ,uhkidf; fhz tUfpwhd;. ,uhkDf;Ff;
nfhLg;gjw;fhf NjidAk; kPidAk; nfhz;L tUfpwhd;.
Ffidg; gw;wp ,uhkdplk; ,yf;Ftd; $wpaJ
~jhapDk; rpwe;j md;gpdd;@ fq;if Mw;wpy; nry;Yk; ehtha;f;Fj; jiytd;@ Ffd;
vd;gtd; jq;fisf; fhz te;Js;shd;| vd Ffidg; gw;wp ,yf;Ftd; ,uhkdplk; $Wfpwhd;.
NjidAk; kPidAk; ,uhkDf;Ff; nfhLj;jy;

Ffd; ,uhkidg; gzpTld; tzq;fp> ~NjidAk; kPidAk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;Lte;Js;Nsd;. jhq;fs; Vw;f Ntz;Lk;| vd Ntz;bdhd;. ,uhkDk; md;gpdhy;
nfhz;L te;jJ mkpo;jpDk; ,dpaJ vd mij cz;lhd;.
Ffd; Ntz;LNfhs;
~jq;fisg; gphpe;J nry;y vdf;F kdkpy;iy. jq;fSf;F Ntz;ba njhz;L nra;Ntd;.
jq;fSld; ,Uf;f mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;| vd;W Ntz;bdhd;. ,uhkDk; mjw;F ,ire;jhd;.
%tUk; glfpy; nry;Yjy;
Ffd; nfhz;L te;j glfpy; ,uhkd;> rPij> ,yf;Ftd; Mfpa %tUk; nrd;wdu;.
mtu;fs; gpupthy; me;jdu;fs; kdKUfp epd;wdu;.
,uhkdpd; rNfhjuj;Jtk;
cld; tUtjhff; $wpa Ffid Nehf;fp> ~vd; capu; Nghd;wtd; eP; ,yf;Ftd; cd;
jk;gp; rPij cd; nfhOe;jp; Jd;gk; cz;lhapd; ,d;gKk; cz;L; gpupT ,ilf;fhyj;jNj;
tUe;j Ntz;lhk;; ehq;fs; cld; gpwe;Njhu; ehy;tu;; ,dp cd;Dld; Nru;j;J ItuhNdhk;|
vd ,uhkd; $wpdhd;.
6. mg;G+jpabfshu; ,y;yj;jpy; epfo;e;jjid tptupj;J vOJf.
jpUehTf;furh; jz;zPu; ge;jy; fhzy;
jpUehTf;furh;> kf;fs; ele;J nry;Yk; ghijapy; mikf;fg;ngw;w Fspu;r;rp kpf;f
jz;zPu; ge;jiy fz;lhu;. mjpy; jpUehTf;furu; vd;Dk; ngau; vOjg;gl;bUe;jijf; Page
| 30
fz;L tpae;jhu;.
mg;G+jpabfsplk; ngau; itj;j fhuzk; Nfl;ly;
ePtpu; itj;j jz;zPu; ge;jypy; ck;ngau; vOjhky; NtW ngau; vOj fhuznkd;d?||
vd;W tpdtpdhu;.
jpUehTf;furhpd; ngUik ciuj;jy;
fy;NyhL fl;bf; flypy; vwpe;jNghJ> mf;fy;iyNa njg;gkhf nfhz;L fiuNawpatu;||;
vd mg;G+jpabfs;> jpUehTf;furhpd; ngUikapid ciuj;jhu;. clNd jpUehTf;furu;>
me;j rpwpatd; ehNd vdf; $wpdhu;.
jpUehTf;furiu tpUe;Jz;z mioj;jy;
mg;G+jpabfs; jpUehTf;furupd; jhkiug; Nghd;w jpUtbfis tzq;fp tpUe;Jz;z
mioj;jhu;. mtUk; mjw;F ,ire;jhu;.
%j;j jpUehTf;fuir ghk;G jPz;ly;
jpUehTf;furUf;F tpUe;J gilg;gjw;fhf %j;j jpUehTf;fuir thio ,iy mupe;J
tUk;gb $wpdhu;. thio ,iy mupAk; NghJ ghk;nghd;W cs;sq;ifapy; jPz;baJ.
kfd; ,we;jij kiwj;J jpUtKJ gilf;f mg;G+jpabfs; vz;zpdhu;.
%j;j jpUehTf;furu; ,we;jij mwpjy;
%j;j jpUehTf;fuir jpUePU mzptpf;f ehTf;furu; miof;fpwhu;. mjw;F mg;G+jpabfs;
mtd; ,q;F cjthd;| vd;whu;. gpd; ghk;G jPz;b mtd; ,we;jhd; vd;gij jpUehTf;furu;
mwpe;jhu;.
gjpfk; ghb capu;g;gpj;jy;
jpUehTf;furu; rptngUkhid Ntz;b> ~xd;Wnfhyhk;| vDk; gjpfk; ghb %j;j
jpUehTf;fuir capu;g;gpj;jhu;.
7. nghpahiuj; JizNfhly; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
nghpahuJ ,yf;fzk;
1. mwptpy; njspe;j nghpahuJ el;ig Muha;e;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.
2. jdf;F te;j Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> kPz;Lk; Jd;gk; tuhky; fhf;Fk; jd;ik
cilahuplk; el;G nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
nghpahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;tjd; rpwg;G
3. mwptwpe;j ngupNahiu el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;SjNy> NgWfSs; vy;yhk; mhpa NgwhFk;. Page
| 31
4. typikfSs; vy;yhk; rpwe;j typik> jk;ikf; fhl;bYk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtiu
cwtpduha; Vw;wy;;
5. jf;f topfis Muha;e;J $Wk; mwpQh;fisNa cyfk; fz;zhff; nfhz;L
elf;fpwJ. kd;dDk; mth;fisNa el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
nghpahiu JizNfhlypd; gad;
6. nghpNahiu rhu;e;J tho;gtUf;F giftuhy; jPq;F nra;a ,ayhJ.
7. ,bj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; nghpNahiu Jizahff; nfhz;L tho;gtiu nfLf;Fk;
typikAilatu; vtUk; ,y;iy.
nghpahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;shikahy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fs;
8. nghpNahiuj; Jizahff; nfhs;shj murd;> giftu; ,d;wp jhNd nfl;lopthd;.
9. KjyPL ,y;yhjtu;f;F Cjpak; ,y;iy. mJNghy nghpahu; Jiz ,y;yhjth;f;F
epiyj;j jd;ik ,y;iy.
10. ey;ytu; el;igf; iftpLtJ> gyiug; gifj;Jf; nfhs;tijtpl gd;klq;F jPik
cilajhFk;.
8. nghUs;nray;tif vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Sth; $Wk; tskhh;e;j fUj;Jfisj;
njhFj;J vOJf.
nghUspd; rpwg;G
1. xUnghUl;lhf kjpf;fhjtiuAk; gpwu; kjpf;FkhW nra;tJ nghUs;.
2. nry;tk; ,y;yhiu vy;yhUk; ,fo;tu;. nry;tiu vy;yhUk; rpwg;G nra;tu;.
3. nry;tk; vd;Dk; mizah tpsf;F> mjid cilaUf;F gifik vd;Dk; ,Uisg;
Nghf;Fk;.
nghUsPl;Lk; newp
4. gpwUf;Fj; jPq;fpd;wp ey;topapy; <l;banghUs;> mwj;jpidAk;> ,d;gj;ijAk; jUk;.
5. md;Gk; mUSkpd;wp gpw topapy; tUk; nghUis ePf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
6. muRhpikahy; te;j nghUSk;> kf;fs; thpahfj; je;j nghUSk;> giftiu
ntd;W nfhz;l jpiwg;nghUSk; murDf;FhpajhFk;.
nghUspd; gad;
7. md;G vd;Dk; jha; ngw;w mUs; vd;Dk; Foe;ij> nghUs; vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahy;
Ngzg;gLk;.
8. jd;ifg;nghUs; nfhz;L xUtd; nra;Ak; nrayhdJ> Fd;wpd;Nky; epd;W Page
ahidg;Nghiuf; fhz;gjw;F xg;ghFk;. | 32
9. nghUisg; Nghd;W gifthpd; nrUf;if mWf;Fk; $u;ikahd gilf;fyk; vJTk;
,y;iy.
10. rpwe;j nghUis ey;topapy; <l;batu;f;F mwDk; md;Gk; xUNruf; iff;$Lk;.
ciueil - neLtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 48
1. nrk;nkhopf;Fupa vitNaDk; Ie;J jFjpg;ghLfis tpsf;fp vOJf.

jha;ikr; rpwg;G
jkpo;nkhop jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;F jhahf jpfo;fpwJ. Mapuj;njz;Z}W nkhopfSf;F
Ntu;r;nrhw;fisAk;> E}w;nwz;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg; ngau;fisAk; je;Js;sJ. vdNt
jkpo; cyf nkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.
gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik
Mq;fpy nkhopapYk;> tlnkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sijg; Nghy; jkpo;
nkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sd. gpwnkhop nrhw;fis ePf;fpdhy; gy
nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy;> jkpo;nkhop xd;Nw gpwnkhopnrhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk;
,aq;fty;yJ.
,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsk;
cyf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sit rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j
mbfs; 26>350. mf;fhyj;Nj ,t;tstpw;F tpupthf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyfpy;
NtW ve;j nkhopapYk; ,y;iy vd;gJ nrf; ehl;L nkhopapay; mwpQu; fgpy;Rtygpy;
KbG. jkpopy; ekf;F fpilj;j kpfTk; gioikahd ,yf;fzk; njhy;fhg;gpak;. ,jpy;
vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; Mfpa %d;wDf;Fk; ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpaupd;
Mrpupau; mfj;jpau; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisAk;
vOjpAs;shu;.
eLT epiyik
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,dk;> nkhop> kjk; fle;jit; ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;jit; cyfj;jhu;
Vw;Fk; nghJf; fUj;Jfs; cilait; kf;fs; rpwg;Gld; tho Vw;w fUj;Jfisnkhopgit.
nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL
njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; vOj;Jg; gpwg;G Kiwfs; nkhop E}yhiuNa tpag;gpy; Mo;j;Jtd.
,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeu;fSk; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
$WfpwJ vd;ghu; Kidtu; vkpNdh
2. ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfshfg; nghpahh; $wpAs;stw;iwj;
njhFj;J vOJf
ngz;fy;tp> ngz;Zhpik> nrhj;Jhpik> muRg;gzp Mfpad ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd Page
mbg;gil Njitfshf ngupahu; $Wfpwhu; | 33
ngz;fy;tp
ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; rhu;e;j jiyfPohd xU Gul;rp Vw;gl;lhnyhopa> nghpa
khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L tutpayhJ. ngz;fs; kdpjg; gpwtpfsha; elkhl Ntz;Lkhdhy;
mLg;gq;fiuia tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;whnyhopa r%fj;jpy;
khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhJ. Mz;fs; ngz;fis gbf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Muha;r;rpg; gbg;Gk;
jhuhskha;f; nfhLf;gg; l Ntz;Lk; vd;W ngz;fy;tp gw;wp nghpahu; vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.
ngz;Zhpik
MZf;Fg; ngz; ,isg;gpy;iy| vd;gij czh;e;J> ngz;fs; jj;jk; fztDf;F kl;Lk;
ciof;Fk; mbikfshf ,uhky;> kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; njhz;lhw;Wk; Gfo; ngw;w
ngz;kzpfshf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.
nrhj;Jhpik
ngz;zbikf;F Kjd;ikahd fhuzk; nrhj;Jhpik ,y;yhjNj vdyhk;. ngz;fSf;F
nrhj;Jhpik nfhLj;Jtpl;lhy;> mth;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; vy;yhtifahd mbikj;jisfSk;
xope;JNghFk;.
muRg;gzp
midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSk; muRg; gzpiag; ngw Ntz;Lk;.
murhq;fj;jpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ> ek; rKjhaj;jpy;
Gul;rp Vw;gLk;.
3. ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilahf cs;sdthfg; nghpahh; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.
Foe;ijj; jpUkzk;> kzf;nfhil> ifk;ik tho;T Mfpad ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F
jilahf cs;sdthf nghpahu; $Wfpwhu;.
Foe;ijj; jpUkzk;
nghpahu; ngz;Zhpikf;F CW tpistpf;Fk; gioa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhu;.
MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkh? ,J> rpw;wpy; rpijj;J
tpisahLk; gUtj;jpy; ngw;Nwhu; nra;j Ntjid tpisahl;L| vdf; $wp Foe;ijj;
jpUkzj;ij ePf;fg; ghLgl;lhu;.
kzf;nfhil
jkpoh;fspilNa ,d;W gutpAs;s ngUNeha; xd;W cz;L. mJNt kzf;nfhil.
ngw;Nwhu;fs; jdJ kfdpd; fy;tpf;fhf nrytopj;jg; gzj;ij> tPl;bw;F kidtpahf
tUgtsplk; ngw epidf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiy khw Ntz;Lk;. Mz;fs; nrf;F khLfshf
,y;yhky;> ge;ijaf;Fjpiufshf khw Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa ,isQu;fspilNa cioj;J Page
Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhu;. | 34
ifk;ik tho;T
fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs; kWkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;w fUj;jpid
nghpahu; kWj;jhu;. ~fztid ,oe;Njhu; kWkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy| vd;W
njhptpj;jhu;.
4. mk;Ngj;fhpd; mUk;gzpfs; Fwpj;Jj; njhFj;njOJf.
mk;Ngj;fu; ek; ehl;bw;fhf nra;j mUk;gzpfs; gy. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iw ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.
Kjy; chpikg; Nghu;
1924 Mk; Mz;L Nfushtpy; itf;fj;jpy; nghpahu; elj;jpa MyaEioT Kaw;rpAk;>
1927 Mk; Mz;L kfhj;Jf; Fsj;jpy; jz;zPu; vLf;Fk; Nghuhl;lKk; kdpj chpikf;fhf
elj;jg;gl;l Kjy; Nghuhl;lq;fs; MFk;.
tpLjiy czh;Tk; tl;lNkir khehLk;
,q;fpyhe;J nrhy;tjw;nfy;yhk; ,e;jpah jiyairf;Fk; vd;gJ jtW@ ,e;jpa kf;fspd;
vz;zq;fis ePq;fs; <Nlw;w Ntz;Lk;| vd;W Mq;fpNyauplk; mr;rkpd;wp $wpdhu;. 1930Mk;
Mz;L eilngw;w tl;lNkir khehl;by;> ~khw;whu; Mjpf;fj;ij ePf;fp> kf;fshy; Msg;gLk;
kf;fshl;rpiaNa ehq;fs; tpUk;GfpNwhk;. vq;fs; iffspy; murpay; mjpfhuk; te;jhnyhopa
vq;fs; Fiwfs; ePq;fh| vd nkhope;jhu;.
rl;lNkij
murpayikg;G rl;lk; tFf;f NeU mikj;j vOth; FOtpypUe;J gyUk; tpyfpdu;.
mk;Ngj;fu; xUtNu me;j xg;gw;w gzpia nra;J Kbj;jhu;.
fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; mk;Ngj;fu;
mk;Ngj;fh;> 1946Mk; Mz;L kf;fs; fy;tpf; fofj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. Kk;igapy;> mtuJ
mhpa Kaw;rpahy; cUthd rpj;jhu;j;jh cau;fy;tp epiyaj;jpy; ,d;iwa mwpT tsh;rr; pf;F
Ntz;ba midj;Jg; ghlq;fSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
5. mk;Ngj;fh; vj;jifa ,e;jpahit mikf;f tpUk;gpdhu;?
rhjp ,y;yh rKjhak;
rhjp vd;gJ vy;yhk; ty;y xUtd; fl;lisahy; Njhd;wpajd;W. Fwpg;gpl;l rpy
#o;epiyf;F Ml;gl;l kdpj r%ftho;tpy; jhdhfNt Nt&d;wptpl;l tsu;r;rpahFk;. rhjp
fisag;gl Ntz;ba fis vd;W mk;Ngj;fu; $wpdhu;. Page
| 35
mz;zyhupd; ,yl;rpa r%fk;
mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu; rpwe;j ,yl;rpathjp. mtu;> ~~Xu; ,yl;rpa r%fk; Rje;jpuk;>
rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilafhf; nfhz;lJ|| vd;whu;.
rdehafk;
rdehafj;jpd; kWngau;jhd; rNfhjuj;Jtk; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ RNal;irahf elkhLk;
chpik vy;yhUf;Fk; vy;yhk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; vy;yh kdpju;fisAk; xNu khjpupahf
elj;JtNj rkj;JtkhFk;|| vd;W rdehafj;jpw;F mupanjhU tpsf;fk; je;jhu;.
kdpjNeak; cs;s ,e;jpah
rkj;Jtj;jpd; kWngaNu kdpjNeak;. vq;Nf rkj;Jtk; kWf;fg;gLfpwNjh> mq;Nf
kdpjg; gz;G kiwe;JtpLtij mtu; midtUf;Fk; czu;j;jpdhu;. rKjhankd;Dk;Ntiur;
rhjpg; GOf;fs; mupj;Jtplhky; jLj;j er;Rf; nfhy;yp kUe;J mtu;.mwptpd;wp ehLKd;Ndw
KbahJ vd ciuj;jhu;.
6. Nkilg; Ngr;rpd; $Wfis tpsf;Ff.
vLj;jy;> njhLj;jy;> Kbj;jy; vd;gd Ngr;rpd; Kf;$WfshFk;.
vLj;jy;
Nfl;Nghiu tag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; Ngr;rpidj; njhlq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. mitapy;
,Ug;Nghiu tpspj;Jr; RUf;fkhd Kd;DiuAld; Ngrj; njhlq;FtNj rpwg;GilaJ. Ngrj;
njhlq;fpa XhpU kzpj;Jspfspy; Ngrg;NghFk; nghUspy; GFe;J tpLtJ ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.
njhLj;jy;
nghUis tphpj;Jg; NgRk;Kiw njhLj;jy; vdg;gLk;. md;wyu;e;j kyiu khiyahfj;
njhLj;jy; ,jw;Nfhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhk;. gytif kyu;fis ,ilapilNa mikj;J
khiyfs;njhLg;gJ ,ay;G. mJNghy Ritkpf;f nrhw;fSk; Fzkpf;f fUj;JfSk;
gpizj;Jg; NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Ngr;rpd; mzpfyd;fs;
vz;zq;fis nrhy;Yk; Kiwahy; moFg;gLj;JtNj mzp vdg;gLk;. ,ilapilNa
Nfl;Nghu; Ritf;fj;jf;f ctikfs;> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;> nrhy;yhl;rpfs;> gy;NtW tifahd
eilfs;> rpWrpW fijfs; Kjypad mikag; NgRtNj rpwe;j Ngr;rhFk;.
czu;j;Jk; jpwd;
nrhy;yf; fUJk; fUj;ij RitAlDk; epuy;glTk; nrhy;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. jpwk;glTk;
njspthfTk; nrhy;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. czu;r;rpAk; Cf;fKk; cilajha; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. Page
| 36
Kbj;jy;
Ngr;rpd; RUf;fj;ijf; $wp Kbj;jy;> czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; Kiwapy; Kbj;jy;> ghuhl;b
Kbj;jy;> nghUj;jkhd ftpijf; $wp Kbj;jy; vd Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; gy cs;sd.rpwe;j
Ngr;rhsu; vg;gb Kbj;jhYk; moFwNt mikAk;.
7. jpiug;glk; vLj;jYf;Fj; Njitahd Maj;jg;gzpfisj; njhFj;njOJf.
jpiug;glk;
jpiug;glk; Xu; mw;Gjkhd fiy. cyfpy; gy;NtW nkhopfs; ,Ug;gpDk;> kf;fs;
midtUk; vspjpy; Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; cyfnkhop jpiug;glk;.
fijkhe;ju;fs;
jpiug;glk; vLg;gjw;F Kd;G> fij> ciuahly;> ghly; Kjypad Maj;jk; nra;ag;gLk;.
fij khe;ju;fs; Njh;T nra;ag;gLtu;. gpd; mtu;fSf;F Vw;w cilfs; tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
Jiz ebfu;fs; Njh;T nra;ag;gLtu;.
,af;Feu;
ebg;ghw;wiy vLj;Jf;$wpr; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhNk ebj;Jk;> glj;ij KOikahf
tbtikg;gtiu ,af;Feu; vd;gu;.
jpiug;glr;RUs;
glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; RUs;> vjpu;r;RUs; vdg;gLk;. xyp>xspg;gjpTfisj; jdpj;jdpg;
glr;RUs;fspy; mikg;gu;.
glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtp
glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtp mire;jhy; glk; njspthf njhpahJ. vdNt cWjpahd caukhd
,lj;jpy; mf;fUtpiag; nghUj;jpLtu;. rpyu; efu;j;Jk; tz;bapy; nghUj;JtJk; cz;L.
xypg;gjpT
xyp miyfs; kpd; mjpu;Tfshf khw;wg;gl;L xUtif tpsf;fpDs; nrYj;jg;gLk;.
mk;kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;F jf;fthW tpsf;fpd xsp khWk;. ,t;nthsp> glr;RUs; tpspk;gpYs;s
gFjpapy; tpOe;J> mq;F m/J xypg;ghijiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.
jpiug;glf; fhl;rpg; gjpT
xspxypg;glf;fUtp vd;Dk; fUtp jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;lg; gad;gLfpwJ.
,ijg; gad;gLj;jp kpfTk; njspthf jpiug;glk; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Page
| 37
8. njhopw;fy;tp> njhopy;El;gf;fy;tp Fwpj;J tphpthf vOJf.
njhopw;fy;tp
kUj;Jtk;> nghwpapay;> Ntshz;ik> rl;lk; Kjypait njhopw;fy;tpj; Jiwfs;.
Nkepiyf;fy;tpapy; cau; kjpg;ngz; ngw;Nwhu; ,j;Jiwfspy; Nru;e;J gapy;tu;.
,g;ghlg;gphptpy; gbj;J Kbj;jtu;fSf;F mtutu; jFjpf;Nfw;g cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk;
gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gz;L.;jw;NghJ capupj;njhopy;El;gj;Jiw> Ez;zpay; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw
Mfpa ,uz;Lk; tsu;eJ ; tUk; njhopy;El;gj;JiwfshFk;. Rw;Wr;#oy;> Ntshz;ik>
kUj;Jtk; Kjypa JiwfSk; Ntiytha;g;Gj; Jiwfshf tpsq;fp tUfpd;wd.
njhopy; El;gf; fy;tp
gj;jhk; tFg;G Njh;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> jhk; ngw;w cau;kjpg;ngz;fSf;F Vw;g gy;njhopEl;gf;
fy;Y}upfspy; Nru;e;J gapyyhk;. nghwpapay; Jiwapy; cs;sJNghyg; gy;NtW Jiwfs;
,jpYk; cz;L. Nky;epiyf;fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> ,ilepiy Mrphpau; gapw;rp
ngw;W ,ilepiy Mrpupau;fshf gzpapy; Nruyhk;. NkYk; nrtpypau;> $l;LwTg; gapw;rp
ngw;W Ntiy tha;gG
; fisg; ngwyhk;.
9. fiy> mwptpay; fy;tp> rpWnjhopy;fy;tp Fwpj;J tpthpf;f.
fiy mwptpay; fy;tp
Nky;epiyf; fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;Nwhu; fiy> kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}upfspy; Nru;e;J
gapyyhk;.
gl;lq;fs;:
jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> Ntjpapay;> tpyq;fpay;> jhtutpay;> nghUspay;> tuyhW>
fzf;Fg;gjptpay;> fzpg;nghwpapay; Kjypag; ghlg;gphpTfspy; ,sq;fisg; gl;lKk;
mjd;gpd;du;> KJfiyg; gl;lKk; ngwyhk;.
gl;ljhup Mrpupau;gzp
gl;lk; ngw;Nwhu; fy;tpapay; fy;Y}upapy; Nru;e;J ,sk; fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;Wg;
gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gzpiag; ngwyhk;.
gpw Ntiytha;gG
; fs;
gl;lk; ngw;wtu;fs; jkpo;ehL muRj; Nju;tizak;> eLtzuRj; Nju;thizak;> tq;fpj;Jiw
MAs; fhg;glP ;Lj;Jiw> njhlu;tz;bj;Jiw Kjypaj;Jiwfs; elj;Jk; Nghl;bj;Nju;tpy;
ntw;wpg; ngw;W Ntiy tha;gG ; fisg; ngwyhk;. jkpo; topapy; gapy;NthUf;F
muRg;gzpapy; ,UgJ tpOf;fhL ,lxJf;fPL toq;fp jkpof muR Mizapl;Ls;sJ.
rpWnjhopy; fy;tp
gj;jhk; tFg;G Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs;> ngwhjtu;fs; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fspy; Nru;e;J Page
| 38
Xuhz;L my;yJ <uhz;L gapw;rp ngw;W gzpapy; Nruyhk;.
gbg;Gfs;
fk;kpau;> filry;gpbg;gtu;> fl;ll tiuthsu;> epy msitau;> jr;ru; Kjypa gbg;GfSk;>
,ae;jpuk;> thfdk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> Fsp&l;Lk; fUtp> nry;Ngrp> fzpdp Kjypatw;iwg;
gOJ ghu;f;Fk; gbg;GfSk; cs;sd.
Ra Ntiy tha;g;G
,g;gbg;Gfisg; gbj;jtu;fs; Ntiyf;fhf fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. Ranjhopy;njhlq;fp
Ntiy tha;gg
; pidg; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;s ,aYk;.
chpa tpil Njh;e;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.
tpdh vz; 1 Kjy; 10 tiu
1. tisay; ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk;--------------- khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ. tpil: xU
2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy--------------- MFk; tpil: jpz;iz
3. gy;+jPJ vd;gJ -------------- vdg; GzUk; tpil: g/wPJ
4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuFWf;fk;> --------------- Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ehy;
tifg;gLk; tpil: kfuf;FWf;fk;
5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs;. ,j;njhliur; nrag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;Wk;
NghJ> nghk;ik--------------- nra;ag; --------------- vd tUk; (G+q;Foypahy;> gl;lJ)
6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;>,j; njhlhpy; Xh; vOtha; --------------- nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;
--------------- njhlh; MFk; (XU gadpiyia> jdpepiy)
7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd; ,j;njhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk; NghJ> md;gurd;
jpUf;FwisvdtUk; (fw;gpj;jhd;)
8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ --------------- tpil: jdpnkhop
9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; --------------- tpil: tpidr;nrhy;
10. tpidKw;W --------------- > --------------- vd ,Utifg;gLk;
tpil: njhpepiy tpidKw;W>Fwpg;G tpidKw;W
11. Xh; vr;rtpid --------------- nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk; tpil: ngaiuf;
12. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J --------------- njhlh; tpil: ntspg;gil
13. khL vd;Dk; nrhy; --------------- MFk;. tpil: m/wpizg; nghJ;
14. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ --------------- Fwpf;Fk; tpil: gR Page
| 39
15. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fisNa-----vd;gh; tpil: xU nghUl; gd;nkhop
16 xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W --------------- tpil: cah;e;Njhq;fp
17. tpdh --------------- tifg;gLk;. tpil: MW
18. tpil--------------- tifg;gLk;. tpil: vl;L
19. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F e{NPa nra; vdf;$WtJ------------tpil tpil: Vty;
20. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F iftypf;Fk; vdf;$WtJ----------cWtJ $wy;
21. Mlj;njhpAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;njhpAk; vdf;$WtJ --------------,dnkhop
22. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ --------------- tpdh tpil: nfhsy;
23. khd; --------------- kUSk; ghh;it (chpa ctk cUig vOJf) tpil: Nghy
24. kyud;d Nrtb- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s ctk cUG --------------- tpil: md;d
25. njhif ctikfis tphpAtikahf khw;Wf
m.kjpKfk; M.gtstha; tpil: kjpNghd;w Kfk;> gtsk; Nghd;wtha;
26. tphpAtikfisj; njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf
m) fay;Nghd;w tpop> M) fpsp Nghd;w nkhop tpil: fay;tpop> fpspnkhop
27. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ ---------------------
m. epiynkhop <W ePq;Fk; M. epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;
,. tUnkhop Kjy;nfLk;. tpil: epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;
28. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ ---------------------vdr;NrUk; tpil: NkdhL
29. fUik+Fop vd;gJ ---------------------vDk; tpjpfspd;gb GzUk;. tpil: <WNghjy;>,dkpfy;
30. kuNtu; ---------------------Gzu;r;rpahFk;. tpil: kfu <w;Wg;
31. mfk;>Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ---------------------,yf;fzk; MFk; tpil: nghUs; ,yf;fzk;
32. FwpQ;rp>Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; ---------------------vdg;gLk; tpil: md;gpd; Ie;jpiz
33. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp --------------------- gFjpahFk; tpil: flYk; fly; rhh;e;j
34. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10.00 kzp Kjy; ---------------------tiu MFk; tpil: ,uT 2.00 kzp
35. kUjk;>nea;jy;>Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ---------------------ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk; tpil: MW
36. jpUkhy;----------epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; tpil: Ky;iy
37. kzKoh>ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk_; ------------ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs; tpil: kUj
38. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy; ---------------------MFk; tpil: kPd;gpbj;jy;>cg;G tpisj;jy;
39. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; --------------------- tifg;gLk; tpil: ,uz;L Page
40. mfj;jpizfs; ---------- tifg;gLk; tpil: VO | 40
41. khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; --------------------- fhyj;jpw;Fhpad tpil: Kd;gdp

42. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; --------------------- tpil: ,e;jpud;
43. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; ---------------------tpil: Gwh>gUe;J
44. Gwj;jpizfs; ---------------------tifg;gLk; tpil: gd;dpuz;L
45. epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ--------------------- tpil: ntl;rp
46. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ_--------------------- tpil: tQ;rpj;jpiz
47. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ ---------------------$WtJ tpil: Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs;
48. xU jiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ---------------------tpil: iff;fpis
49. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w> khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghupLtJ--------------MFk;tpil: fhQ;rp
50. cyF vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;g;ghL
---------------------MFk; tpil: gpwg;G
51. ey;yit - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; ---------------------vdg; gphpAk; tpil: Neh;epiu
52. Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb ---------------------tUk; tpil: Kr;rPuha;
53. Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; ---------------------KbtJ rpwg;G tpil: Vfhuj;jpy;
54. Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ---------------------tpfw;gj;jhDk------------
---tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk; tpil: xU> ,U
55. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ --------------------- MFk;
tpil: ,d;dpir ntz;gh
51. ntz;ghtpd; Xir --------------------- MFk; tpil: nrg;gNyhir
52. Mrphpag; ghtpd; NtW ngah; --------------------- MFk; tpil: mftw;gh
53. Mrphpag; ghtpd; Xir --------------------- MFk; tpil: mftNyhir
,yf;fz Fwpg;G nrhw;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;:
1. Ifhuf;FWf;fq;fs;:
Kjypy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. Ik;gJ> 2. Ig;grp> 3. Ie;J
,ilapy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. jiytp > 2. tisay;> 3. jiytd;
<; w;wpy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1 fliy 2. jpz;iz 3. Rig
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fq;fs;: 1.xsit 2.ntsthy; 3.nksdk; 4.nfsjhhp 5.xsljk; 6.nksty;
3. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;: 1. f/wPJ 2. K/BJ
4. kfuf; FWf;fk;: 1. Nghd;k; 2. kUz;k; 3. tUk; tz;b 4. jUk; tstd;
Page
5. %tif nkhopfs;: 1. jdpnkhop: 1. th 2. fz; 3. nra;jhd; | 41
2. njhlh;nkhop: 1. glk; ghh;j;jhd; 2. G+tpop te;jhs; 3. gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;e;jd
3. nghJ nkhop 1. gyif 2. itif 3. jhkiu 4. Ntq;if 5. me;jkhd; 6. vl;L
6.; XnuOj;njhUnkhop: 1. G+ 2. if 3. jh 4. th 5. jP 6.Nfh 7. I
7. njhpepiy tpidKw;W
1.,uhkd; te;jhd; 2.fz;zd; ele;jhd; 3.mUsuR te;jhd; 4.tstd; ele;jhd; 5.cOjhd;
8. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W:
1. nghd;dd; 2. tpOg;Guj;jhd; 3. rpj;jpiuahd; 4. fz;zd; 5. ey;yd; 6. cotd;.
9. njhpepiyg; nganur;rk;: 1. gbj;j fay;tpop 2. nrd;w Nfhij 3. gbf;fpd;w fay;tpop
4.nry;fpd;w Nfhij 5.gbf;Fk; fay;tpop 6.nry;Yk; Nfhij7.te;j igad;
8.cz;l,sq;Nfhtd;
10. Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk; 1. ey;y igad;2. ey;y khztd;
11. vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;: 1. cz;zhj ,sq;Nfhtd; 2. jPa khztd;
12. njhpepiy tpidnar;rk;: 1. gbj;J te;jhd; 2. ghlf; Nfl;lhd; 3. Xbr;nrd;whd;
4. Ngha;g; ghh;j;jhd; 5. gbj;Jj; Njwpdhd;6. gbf;fr; nry;fpwhd; 7. gbj;J tUthd;
13. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;: 1. nky;yg; Ngrpdhd; 2. Nehapd;wp tho;e;jhd;
14. Kw;nwr;rk;: 1. fay;tpop te;jds; ghbds; 2. KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd;
3. ee;jpdp te;eds; Nghapds;
15. ntspg;gil 1. fy;> kz;; 2. jkpo;ehL jiyrpwe;jJ
Fwpg;G 1. jkpo;ehL Kjyplk 2. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;
16. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;
1. Ith; Nfhykpl;ldh; (ngz;fs;) 2. Ith; Nghh;f;fsk; nrd;wdh; (Mz;fs;)
3. ,k;khL taypy; cOfpwJ. (fhis) 4. ,k;khL ghy; fwf;Fk; (gR)
5. khL fd;iw <d;wJ (gR) 6. Ith; Fq;Fkk; ,oe;jdh; (ngz;fs;)
17. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;: 1. ntw;wpiy jpd;whd; 2. NrhW cz;lhd;
18. mLf;Fj; njhlh; 1. md;Nwh md;Nwh 2. Ngh Ngh 3. vwp vwp 4. tUf tUf 5. jP jP jP
6. nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd; 7. Nfhb Nfhb Nfhb 8. ghk;G ghk;G 9. th th th
19. ,ul;ilf; fpstp 1. glgl 2. fyfy 3. ryry 4. klkl 5. flfl
20. xUnghUl;gd;nkhop: 1.cah;e;Njhq;fp 2. kPkpir 3. Fope;jho;e;J 4. xUjdp 5. eLikak;
6. thbtjq;fpa
21. tphpAtik njhifAtik 1.Njd;Nghd;w nkhop Njd;nkhop 2. gtsk; Nghd;w tha; gtstha;
Page
22. Gzh;r;rp 1. ,ay;G Gzh;r;rp nghd; + tisay; = nghd;tisay; | 42
2. tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp - thio + gok; = thiog;gok; (Njhd;wy;)

kuk;; + Nth; = kuNth; (nfLjy;) nghd; + Flk; = nghw;Flk; (jphpjy;)
3. jpirg;ngah; Gzh;r;rp 1. tlfpof;F 2. tlNkw;F 3. njd;Nkw;F 4. njd;fpof;F 5. fPo;ehL
6. NkdhL 7. njd;fpof;F 8. tlkiy
4. gz;Gg; ngah;Gzh;r;rp 1. fUtpop 2. nghpad; 3. ghrpiy 4. igq;$o;
5. rpw;Nwhil 6. Nrjhk;gy; 7. fUq;Fapy; 8. ntw;wpiy 9. nre;jkpo; 10. nrk;nkhop
11. %J}h; 12. fUk;gyif
5.kfu<w;Wg; Gzh;r;rp 1. kutb 2. tl;lf;fy; 3. epyq;fle;jhd; 4. kuNth;
23. ck;ikj;njhif: 1. ntw;wpiy ghf;F 2. ,uhg;gfy; 3. jha;je;ij
24. vz;Zk;ik: 1. NjUk; jpUtpohTk;2. jhAk; NrAk; 3. fgpyUk; guzUk;
25. tpidj;njhif: 1.nra;njhopy; 2.#o;foy; 3.cFePh; 4.tphpfly; 5.nghq;Ffly; 6.Fsph;jkpo;
26. gFjpia vLj;njOJf. 1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th
4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs;
27. ,ilepiyfs;:
1. j;>l;>w;>,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;.
1. te;jhd; - j; 2. cz;lhd; - l; 3. epd;whd; - w; 4. ghbdhd; - ,d;
2. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
1. tUfpwhd; - fpW 2. gbf;fpd;whd; - fpd;W 3. elthepd;whd; - Mepd;W
3. g;> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;: 1. cz;ghd; - g; 2. tUthd; - t;
4. M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy: 1. nra;ahjhd; 2. nra;ahd;
5. j; - vOj;Jg; NgW 1. $Wjp.
28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp: (f>, >,a>,ah;) 1. tho;f2. thop 3. thopa 4. thopah;
29. chpr;nrhy; njhlh;:
(1. rhy> jt> edp> cW> fop> $h;> kh> jl> fb> fsp>) 1. edped;W 2. jlf;fhp 3. khkiy
30. msngilfs;:
1. Mm> Xx - nra;Aspir - njhohms;> Xxjy;
2. Cc - ,d;dpir - nfLg;gJ}ck;
3. <>,> I, - nrhy;ypir - joP,a> cudir,
31. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; - M|1.ngha;ah tpsf;F 2.va;jhg; gop 3. Njuh kd;dh Page
32. tpidahyizAk; ngah; - mh;> md;> ms; | 43
1. te;jth; 2. nrd;wtd; 3. Gbats

1. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F
1. XnuOj;J xUnkhopapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;
if + jb = ifj; jb
ij + nghq;fy; = ijg; nghq;fy;
2. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
Nfsh+ nrtp = Nfshr; nrtp Xlh + Nju;= Xlhj; Nju;
2. ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F
1. ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
fha; + fdp = fha;fdp jha; + je;ij = jha;je;ij
2. ,ul;ilf;fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. flfl> klkl> rlrl
3. tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.
1. ngW - ngw;W 2. gb - gbj;J 3. el - ele;J 4. nra; - nra;J
5. XL - Xb 6. grp - grpj;J 7. gpup - gpupj;J
4. nganur;rkhf;Ff.
1. ngW - ngw;w 2. gb - gbj;j 3. el - ele;j 4. nra; - nra;j 5. XL - Xba
5. ctikaia cUtfkhf;F.
ctik - cUtfk;
1. mKjnkhop nkhopaKJ 2. faw;fz; fz;fay; 3. Njd;jkpo; jkpo;j;Njd;
4. G+tpuy; tpuy;G+ 5. kjpKfk; Kfkjp 6. kyub mbkyh; 7. Kj;Jg;gy; gy;Kj;J
8. tpw;GUtk; GUttpy; 9. kyh;g;ghjk; ghjkyh; 10. gtstha; tha;g;gtsk;
11. fay;tpop tpopf;fay; 12. fdptha; tha;f;fdp
6. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.
1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th 4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb
6. Nfl;l - Nfs; 7. fz;lhd; - fhz; 8. nfhz;lhd; - nfhs; 9. nra;jhd; - nra;
7. thf;fpa khw;wk;.
1. fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ - czu;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W
me;Njh! fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lNj !
2. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu;. - tpdhj;njhluhf mikf;f. Page
jpUf;Fwis mwpahjtu; csNuh ? | 44
3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf.

vd;Nd! ,kakiyapd; cauk;!
4. New;W Gay; tPrpaJ@ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.
New;W Gay; tPrpajhy; kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.
5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs; - nraghl;L tpidahf khw;W
nghk;ik G+q;Foypahy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
6. vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;gpj;jhd; - gpwtpidahf khw;W
vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd;.
8. njhlu;fs; vt;tifahdit
1. gprpuhe;ijahu;> el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj jpfo;rpwhu; - nra;jpj; njhlu;
2. Foe;ijia mbj;jJ ahu;? - tpdhj; njhlu;
3. ek; ehl;Lf; nfhb jiyikahrpupauhy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. - nraghl;L tpid
4. taypy; MLfs; Nka;e;jpy - vjpu;kiw
5. fhe;jpabfs; cz;ik Ngrhky; ,uhu;. - nghUs; khwh vjpu;kiw
9. cupa kuGr;nrhy;iy Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.
1. vq;fs; gs;spf;Fr; Rw;Wr; Rtu; ------------------ (vOg;gg;gl;lJ/fl;lg;gl;lJ)
2. ghujpahu; nra;Ais ------------------ (gbdhu;/,aw;wpdhu;)
3. Ntld; ------------------ (va;j/nrYj;jpa) mk;G ahidia tPo;j;jpaJ.
4. khwd; Xtpaj;ij------------------ (tiue;jhd;/Gide;jhd;)
5. me;j rpw;gk; xNu fy;ypy; ------------------ (tbf;fg;gl;lJ/nrJf;fg;gl;lJ)
10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tpupj;njOJf.
1. Kf;fdp - kh> gyh> thio
2. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid - jd;tpid> gpwtpid
3. ,Ujpiz - cah;jpiz> m/wpiz- mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz
4. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;
5. Kg;ghy; - mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;
6. %tplk; - jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if
7. %Nte;jh; - Nruh;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah;
8. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F Page
9. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy; | 45
10. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy

11. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyh;ghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy;.
12. Ik;Gyd; - njhL czh;T> cz;zy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly;
13. Ik;nghwp - nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp
11. xUik gd;ikg; gpio ePf;fp vOJf.
1) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;.
fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jdu;
2) ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baJ ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.
ngz;fs; ngwNtz;bait ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.
3) ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ
,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd.
4. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;
$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJ.
taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;
$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jd.
5. Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehs;fspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdhu;.
Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdu;.
6. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wJ.
Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wit.
7. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.
<];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhu;.
8. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wJ.
,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wdu;
9. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ.
fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jd.
10. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd.
jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJ.
11. Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.
Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. Page
12. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh. | 46
kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.

14. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ.
jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sd.
15. ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; Xlh.
16. mtd; ftpQd; my;y mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;.
17. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J md;W.
12. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJf.
1.Mz;fis NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR gzp midj;J JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muRg; gzp midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk; .
MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkhk; .
3. Mrpupau; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;
Mrpupau; ngaiuj; jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;Jg; gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;
4. ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhu;.
ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj; je;jhu;.
5. Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ. Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ.
6. kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghijapNy mioj;J nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R.
kf;fis ,yl;rpag ; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj Nkilg ; Ngr;R
7. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.
8. jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <u;j;J fl;b Nghlty;yJ.
jpiug;glk; kf;fisj; jd;ghy; <u;j;Jf; fl;bg; Nghlty;yJ.
9. kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsqFfpwJ
kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuGr; nry;tkhfj; jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ
10. jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;
jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf ; fUjJ; fisAk,; gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; fhz KbAk; .
11. ts;syhu; mUspa topfis fil gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
ts;syhu; mUspa topfisf; filg; gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.
12.mwpT Xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp juprd GJikia GFj;jpdhu;. Page
mwpT Xspngw mq;Nfr; Nrhjp juprdg; gJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;. | 47
13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs;.

14. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;y
$lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.
ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg; nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk,; fly; fle;J nry;yf;
$lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.
13. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlupYs;s t*r;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.
1.tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj. - tyg;gf;fr; Rtupy; vOjhNj.
2. mtd; tPz; rpyT nra;fpwhd; - mtd; tPz; nryT nra;fpwhd;.
3. vfd nkhfdaha; NgrhNj - vJif Nkhidaha; NgrhNj
4. mtd; Ntg;gpiy gwpj;jhd; - mtd; Ntg;ge;jio gwpj;jhd;.
5. vd; crpu; ePjhNd - vd; capu; ePjhNd
6. fhiyapy; eh\;lh rhg;gpl;lhah? - fhiyapy; rpw;Wz;b rhg;gpl;lhah?
8. Ntu;it rpe;j cisf;f Ntz;Lk; - tpau;it rpe;j ciof;f Ntz;Lk;.
9. jk;gp ,q;fpl;L th - jk;gp ,q;F th
7. Mj;jq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.
Mw;wq;fiu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.
8. ,d;df;fp xU fpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;.
,d;iwf;F xU fpNyh mtiuf;fha; thq;fp te;Njd;.
14. ctk cUig vLj;J vOJf.
1. fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs; - Nghy 2. Nta;Giu Njhs; - Giua
3.jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs; -xg;g 4.KoT cwo; jlf;if cwo 5.kyud;d Nrtb - md;d
6. fhak; %o;F kfsph;fz; khDk; jhkiu - khd
7. ghk;gpd; ite;Jzp fLg;g - fLg;g 8. kpd;dpw;F ,iaa kpspUk; - ,iaa
9. nghd;Neh; GJkyh; - Neh; 10. fz;nzhL epfh;f;Fk; fopg;G+q;Ftis - epfh;
11. ahopd; ,d;d ,d;nrhy; - ,d;d 12. mk;G Edp Va;g;g mUk;gpa ,Ug;ig - Va;g;g
15. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F cupa jkpo;r;nrhw;fis vOJf.
1. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiu nry;yy; gf;jUf;fhd khu;f;fk;.
,iwtid Nehf;fpg; Gdpjg; gazk; nry;yy; mbahUf;fhd top.
2. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis topgLf. Page
Nfhapy;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W nja;tj;jpUTUtq;fis topgLf. | 48
3. ,e;j \ru;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ. ,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cau;e;jJ.

4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;.
ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngUk;.
5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l;.ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}upapd; Kd;dhs; khztd;.
6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf yhgk; <l;bdhd;
Ntyd; jd;nrhe;j njhopypy; kpFe;j tUtha; <l;bdhd;
7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ
me;j mwptpay; mwpQhpd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ
8.midtiuAk; cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth;miog;GtpLj;jhh;.
midtiuAk; cz;zh Nehd;G Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;sjiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.
9. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzu;.
mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j ty;Yeu;.
10. myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.
xg;gid nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.
16. ,U nghUs; jUf.
1. MW - top> vz;> ejp 2. jpq;fs; - khjk;> epyT> jpq;fl;fpoik
3. khiy - G+khiy> khiyg;nghOJ 4. eif - mzpfyd;> Gd;dif
5. nka; - cly;> cz;ik 6. Ey; - Gj;jfk;> gQ;R E}y; 7. fiy - Mz;khd;> fy;tp
8. gb - thapw;gb> Gj;jfk; gb 9. kjp - mwpT> epyT
17. xypkuG
1. ML fj;Jk; 11. Me;ij myWk; 2. vUJ vf;fhykpLk; 12. fhfk; fiuAk;
3. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 13. fpsp NgRk; 4. Fuq;F myg;Gk; 14. Fapy; $Tk;
5. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 15. $if FoWk; 6. ehp CisapLk; 16. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;
7. Gyp cWKk; 17. Nrty; $Tk; 8. ahid gpspWk; 18. Gwh FDFk;
9. G+id rPWk; 19. kapy; mfTk; 10. vyp fPr;rpLk; 20. tz;L KuYk;
18. nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vOJf.
1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;
rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk;; rl;lk;
ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;. Page
2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs; | 49
fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ

fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> nra;jpg;glq;fs;>
tpsf;fg;glq;fs;> fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj;
jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.
19. kuGj; njhlUf;fhd nghUs; vOJf.
1. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhpaJ.
2. vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is - jd;rpe;jidapd;wp nrhy;gth; Ngr;irf; Nfl;L elg;gth;
3. Vl;Lr;Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;G
4. mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jy; - vz;zKk; nraYk; xj;Jtuhik
5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha;aOif
6. mtruf;FLf;if - vz;zpj; Jzpahjhh;
7. Mfhaj; jhkiu - ,y;yhj xd;W
8. fk;gp ePl;ly; - nrhy;ypf; nfhs;shky; nry;yy;
9. jhsk; NghLjy; - vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;
10. fhdy; ePh; - ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk; Mdhy; ,uhJ
11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; - miye;J jphpjy;.
12. Fl;br;Rth; - gadpd;wp ,Uj;jy;
13. nfhl;basj;jy; - kpFjpahfg; NgRjy;
14. gRkuj;jhzp - Mog;gjpjy;
15. thioab thio - guk;giu guk;giuahf
16. nfhbfl;b - jdpg;GfNohL tpsq;Fjy;
20. ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;J vOJf.
1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu; jpUkzk; vd;gJ Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu;.
2. Kjiyf; fz;zPu;.
fhtyuplk; gpbgl;l jpUld;> ehd; jpUltpy;iy vd Kjiyf;fz;zPu ; tbj;jhd; .
3. gRkuj;jhzp Nghy
,sikapy; ehk; fw;Fk; fy;tp gRkuj;jhzp Nghy kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpAk;.
4. mbaw;w kuk;Nghy
je;ijia ,oe;j FLk;gk; mbaw;w kuk;Nghy MdJ. Page
5. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdpg;Nghy | 50
vq;fs; Mrpupau; jpUf;FwSf;F mspj;j tpsf;fk; cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdpg;

Nghy njspthf tpsq;fpaJ.
6. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy
ehk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtu;fshf tsUk;NghJ ekJ Gfo;> Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l
tpsf;Fg;Nghy cynfq;Fk; xsp tPRk;.
21 . I. nghUj;Jf
1.Ifhuf;FWf;fk; - m. K/BJ
2.xsfhuf;FWf;fk; - M. jiytd;
3.Ma;jf;FWf;fk; - ,. Nghd;k;
4.kfuFWf;fk; - <. ntsthy; tpil:- 1-M> 2-<> 3-m> 4-,
II. nghUj;Jf
1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; - m. NrhW cz;lhd;
2. Fwpg;Gr;nrhy; - M. fy;>kz;
3. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; - ,. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh; tpil :- 1- M> 2- ,> 3-m
III. nghUj;Jf
1. mwptpdh - m. tUthah? vdpy; thNud; vd;gJ
2. Vty;tpil - M. cz;lhah?vdpy; tapW typf;Fk; vd;gJ
3. kiwtpil - ,. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; ePNa nra; vd;gJ
4. cWtJ $wy; - <.,jd; nghUs;ahJ vd Mrphpah;khzthplk; Nfl;Gj
tpil:- 1-<> 2-,> 3-m> 4-M
IV. nghUj;Jf
1. <W Nghjy; - m. ntw;wpiy
2. Mjp ePly; - M. nre;jkpo;
3. ,dkpfy; - ,. nrk;nkhop
4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - <. %J}h; tpil:- 1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m
V. nghUj;Jf
1. FwpQ;rp - m. Kay;>khd;
2. Ky;iy - M. Gyp>fub Page
| 51
3. kUjk; - ,. Kjiy>Rwh
4. nea;jy; - <. vUik>ePh;eha; tpil:- 1-M> 2-m> 3-<> 4-,
VI. ,sikg; ngah;fisg; nghUj;Jf.
1. ML - m. fd;W
2. khd; - M. gps;is
3. fPup - ,. Fl;b
4. rpq;fk; - <.FQ;R
5. Nfhop - c.FUis tpil :1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 4-c> 5-<
VII. nghUj;Jf.
1. kapy; - m. fiuAk;
2. $if - M. fj;Jk;
3. ahid - ,. FoWk;
4. fhfk; - <. mfTk;
5. ML - c. gpspUk; tpil :1-<> 2-,> 3-c> 4-m> 5. M
FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; 21 Kjy; 27 tiu
1. Ifhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?
nkhop Kjy; >,il>fil Mfpa %tplq;fspy; tUk; Ifhuk; jd; khj;jpiu
mstpypUe;JFiwe;J xypg;gJ Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
(v-L) Ik;gJ nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; te;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
jiytd; nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
fliy nrhy;Yf;F <w;wpy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; xsfhuk; jdJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J
xd;wiw khj;jpiu mstha; xypf;Fk; rhd;W: xsit> ntsthy;
3. nrhy; vd;why; vd;d?
Xh; vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh> gy vOj;Jf;fs; njhlh;e;J epd;Nwh nghUs; jUtJ
nrhy; vdg;gLk;.
4. nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit?
nkhop %d;W tifg;gLk; mit jdpnkhop>njhlh;nkhop>nghJnkhop vd;gitahFk;. Page
5. nghJnkhop vd;why; vd;d? rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff. | 52
xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpw nrhw;fSld; njhlh;e;J

epd;W NtW nghUisAk; je;J jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu; nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktJ.
rhd;W: me;jkhd; - jPT> me;j khd; : tpyq;F
6. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d?
xU tpid Kw;Wr; nrhy; vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L
KbtJ Kw;nwr;rk; vdg;gLk;. (v.L) ee;jpdp te;jds;> Nghapds;.
7. njhpepiy tpidKw;Wr; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff?
nra;gtd;>fUtp>epyk;>nray;>fhyk;>nra;nghUs; vd;Dk; MwidAk;
ntspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ njhpepiytpidKw;whFk;
(v.L) cotd; taiy cOjhd;
nra;gtd; - cotd; fUtp - fyg;ig epyk; - tay; nray; - cOjy;
fhyk; - ,we;jfhyk; nra;nghUs; - ney;
8. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? v.fh. jUf.
xU nrhy;> jd; nghUisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jdf;F ,dkhd nghUisAk; Fwpj;J
tUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy jpd;whd;.
9. mLf;Fj; njhlh; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?
mirepiyf;Fk;> tpiuT> rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> Jd;gk;> Kjypa nghUs;
epiyf;Fk; nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk; ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F Kiw
mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; njhlh; MFk;.
(v.L) 1. tho;f! tho;f! - kfpo;r;rp 2. ghk;G! ghk;G! - mr;rk;.
11. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
tpdh MWtifg;gLk; mit>
mwptpdh>mwpahtpdh>Iatpdh>nfhsy;tpdh>nfhiltpdh>Vty;tpdh-vd;gitahFk;.
12. Ia tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
jdJ Iaj;jpidg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLk; tpdh Ia tpdh.
v.fh. mq;Nf fplg;gJ ghk;Ngh? fapNwh?
13. nfhsy; tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
xU nghUis thq;Fk; nghUl;L Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdh nfhsy; tpdh.
v.fh. gUg;G cs;sjh? vd tzpfuplk; tpdTk; tpdh. Page
14. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mitahit? | 53
vl;L tifg;gLk; mit>

1. Rl;Ltpil 2. kiwtpil 3. Neh;tpil 4. Vty;tpil 5. tpdhntjph;
tpdhjy;tpil 6. cw;wJ ciuj;jy;tpil 7. cWtJ $wy;tpil8. ,dnkhoptpil.
15. ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?
Rl;L> kiw> Neu; Mfpad ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk;.
16. Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?
Vty;> tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;> cw;wJ ciuj;jy;> cWtJ $wy;> ,dnkhop Mfpa
Ie;Jk; Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpilfs;.
17.cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~clk;G nehe;jJ| vd jdf;F cw;wij
$WtJ> cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil.
18.cWtJ $wy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~if typf;Fk;| vd jdf;F tug;Nghtjid
$WtJ> cWtJ $wy; tpil.
19. ,dnkhop tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
~~MLthah?|| vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ~ghLNtd;| vd MLtjw;F ,dkhd
ghLtjidf; $wtJ> ,dnkhop tpil.
20.xU nghUl; gd;nkhop vd;why; vd;d?vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?
nghUl; rpwg;Gf;fhf xU nghUisf; Fwpf;f gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ xU nghUl;
gd;nkhopahFk;. (v.fh) 1.eLikak;> 2. kPkpir QhapW
21. ctk cUGfs; ahit ?
Nghy>Giua>xg;g> cwo> md;d>,d;d vd;gd ctk cUGfshFk;.
22. nrk;ik + nkhop vt;thW GzUk;?
1. nrk;ik + nkhop = nrk;nkhop
2. ~<WNghjy; tpjpg;gb| ik nfl;L nrk;nkhop vd;W Gzh;e;jJ.
23. ntw;wpiy Gzh;r;rp tpjp $Wf.
1. ntw;wpiy - ntWik +,iy
2. ntW + ,iy - <WNghjy;
3. ntw; +,iy - capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;. Page
4. ntw;w; +,iy - jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;. | 54
5. ntw;wpiy - cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

24. Kjw;nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?
epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
25. fUg; nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?
me;je;j (Itif) epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F> Kjypa
nghUs;fs; fUg;nghUs;fs; MFk;
26. Gwj;jpizfs;:
1. ntl;rp - epiufth;jy; 2. fue;ij - epiu kPl;ly; 3. tQ;rp - gifNkw; nry;yy;
4. fhQ;rp - vjph; epw;wy; 5. nehr;rp - kjpy; fhj;jy; 6. copiQ - kjpy; tisj;jy;
7. Jk;ig - mjpug;nghUjy; 8. thif - nrUntd;wy;
9. ghlhz; - Mz; kfdpd; xOfyhW 10. nghJtpay; - midj;J jpizfSf;Fk;
nghJthdJ 11. iff;fpis - xUjiyf;fhkk; 12. ngUe;jpiz - nghUe;jhf;fhkk;
29. Gwj;jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
Gwj;jpiz gd;dpuz;L tifg;gLk;> mit
1. ntl;rpj;jpiz 2.fue;ijj;jpiz 3.tQ;rpj;jpiz 4.fhQ;rpj;jpiz
5. nehr;rpj;jpiz 6.copiQj;jpiz> 7.Jk;igj;jpiz 8.thifj;jpiz
9. ghlhz;jpiz 10.nghJtpay;jpiz 11.iff;fpisj;jpiz 12.ngUe;jpiz
27. kjpy;Nghu; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit? 1. nehr;rp> 2. copiQ
28. vjpu; vjpu; jpizfs; ahit?
ntl;rp - fue;ij tQ;rp - fhQ;rp nehr;rp - copiQ
29. ehy;tifg; ghf;fs; ahit?
ntz;gh>Mrphpag;gh>fypg;gh>tQ;rpg;gh vd ghehy;tifg;gLk;.
30. ntz;ghtpd;tiffs;ahit?
ntz;gh MWtifg;gLk; mit>
1. Fws;ntz;gh 2. Nehpirntz;gh 3.,d;dpirntz;gh 4. g/nwhil ntz;gh
5. Nehpirr;rpe;jpay;ntz;gh 6. ,d;dpirr; rpe;jpay;ntz;gh vd;gitahFk;.
31. Mrphpag;ghtpd;tiffs; ahit?
1. Nehpir Mrphpag;gh 2. ,izf;Fws;Mrphpag;gh 3. epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh
4. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh Page
rpWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; : 28 Kjy; 30 tiu | 55
1. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij $Wf?

1. <w;wb Kr;rPuha; Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuha;tUk;.
2. ,aw;rPh;(khr;rPh;>tpsr;rPh;) ntz;rPh; (fha;rPh); tUk; gpw rPh;fs;tuhJ.
3. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; (khKd;epiu tpsKd;Neh;) ntzrPh; ntz;lisAk;
(fha;Kd;Neh;)tUk; gpw jisfs;tuhJ.
4. <w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; ehs;>kyh;>fhR>gpwg;G vd;Dk; Xuir tha;ghLfSs; xd;W
nfhz;LKbAk;.
5. nrg;gNyhir ngw;WtUk;.
6. ,uz;lb Kjy;>gd;dpuz;L mbtiu tUk;.
2. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.
Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W> vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf
khw;wpg;gbj;jhYk; XirAk;>nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh vdg;gLk;.
(v.L) jha;nkhop tsh;j;jy; jkpoh; jk; flNd
tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wth; flNd
jha;nkhop jtph;j;jy; fw;wth; flNd
Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQh;jq; flNd
,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpdhYk; ghlypd; XirAk; nghUSk;
khwhky; tUfpd;wJ.
3. jw;Fwpg;Nw;w mzp:
mzp tiuaiw :jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; = jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;. ,ay;ghf epfOk;
epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp.
rhd;W: NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb
thuy; vd;gdNghy; kwpj;J iffhl;l
tpsf;fk;:
,ay;ghd epfo;T.: kJiu kjpy; kPJ fhw;wpy; nfhb mirjy;.
jw;Fwpg;G: kJiuapd; kjpy; Nky; cs;s nfhb> kJiuf;F tUk; NfhtyidAk;
fz;zfpiaAk; ghh;j;J> ,q;F te;jhy; jPq;F tpisAk; tuhjPH; vd;W
kwpj;Jf; ifiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. Page
nghUj;jk;: fhw;wpy; nfhb mirtJ ,ay;G. ftpQd; ~kJiuf;F tuhjPH;| vd;Wf; | 56
ifia mirf;fpwJ vdf; $Wtjhy; ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.

4.tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp:
mzp tiuaiw:
Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jYk; gopg;gJ Nghy Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp.
rhd;W: Njth; midah; fath; mtUe;jhk;
Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;.
tpsf;fk;: (Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jy;)
Gfo;jy;: fath;fs; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghth;.
gopj;jy;: fath;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth;.
nghUj;jk;: fath;fisj; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghdth;fs; vdg; Gfo;e;J $wp>
mth;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr;
nra;gth;fs; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wpajhy; ,J tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rpmzp.
5.nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp:
mzp tiuaiw:
nra;Aspy; Kd;dh; te;j nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J XNu nghUisj; jUtJ
nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;.
rhd;W: jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait
jPapDk; mQ;rg; gLk;.
tpsf;fk;: jPa nray;fs;> jk;ik nra;jtDf;Fj; jPik jUtjhy;>
mit jPia tpl mjpfkhf mQ;rj;jf;fitahFk;.
nghUj;jk;: jPa vd;Dk; nrhy; jPik vd;Dk; xNu nghUspy; gyKiw te;Js;sJ.
vdNt ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;
6.myfpl;L tha;g;ghL tha;ghL $Wjy;
Fwpg;G: 1. nka;naOj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;
2. neby; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;
3. ,U Fwpy; mLj;J / FwpapLjy;
4. xw;W kw;Wk; Ma;j vOj;ij ePf;fp> Xh; vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; Neh; vdf;nfhs;f.
,uz;L vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; epiu vdf; nfhs;f. Page
| 57
,t;tpjpiag; gpd;gw;wp fPo;f;fz;l Fwl;ghitg; gphpj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;. va;jw; fupa
jpiae;jf;fhy;> me;epiyNa nra;jw; fupa nray;
Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufs; - tpdh vz; 31 Kjy; 33 tiu
1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;
jkpo; gw;W:
kJiuapy; ehd;fhk; jkpo;r;rq;fk; itf;f Kad;wtu;fSs; ghpjpkhw;fiyQUk;xUtu;.
aho;g;ghzk; rp.it.jhNkhjudhu; ,tuJ jkpo;g;Gyika fz;L jpuhtpl rh];jpup
vd;Dk; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhu;.
R+hpaehuhazrh];jpup vd;Dk; tlnkhopg; ngaiu khw;wp gupjpkhw;fiyQu; vdj;
jdpj;jkpopy; ngau;#l;lbf;nfhz;lhu;.
kzpg;gpuths eil jkpo;j;jha;f;F kpsfhiag; Nghd;w vhpr;riyj; jUk; vd;whu;.
jkpo;j;njhz;L
1902Mk; Mz;L jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;L tUk; gy;fiyf;
fofj;jpd;
Kbit vjpu;j;jhu;.
Ughtjp fyhtjp vd;Dk; ehlfj;ij ,aw;wp mjpy; ebj;jhu;.
QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhu;
nre;jkpo; vd;Dk; ,jopy; cau;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;> jkpopd;
ngUikfis vOjpdhu;.
eLtzuR ghpjpkhw; fiyQUf;F mQ;ry;jiy ntspapl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
2. nky;y nky;y kw
Kd;Diu:
fkyehjd; Xaky; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; jPa gof;fj;ij cilatd;. fkyehjdpd;
kidtp Nfhfpyh. fztdpd; Gifg; gof;fj;ij khw;w Nfhfpyh vLj;j
Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW
kdk; khwpdhd; vd;gijg; gw;wp fhz;Nghk;.
Nfhfpyhtpd; mwpTiu
kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W te;j Nfhfpyh> Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Gw;W Neha;
tUk; vd;W kUj;Jth; $wpajhf fkyehjDf;F $Wfpwhs;. kidtp $wpaij
kWj;j fkyehjd; Gifg;gof;fj;jpypUe;J jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ
vd;W Kbthf $wptpLfpwhd;. ,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk; Page
| 58
fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fKk; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cilath;.
mutJ Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Rthrg; ig Gw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;.
,ij mwpe;j fkyehjd; kdk; fyq;fpdhd;. ,Wjpahf ,uhkypq;fk;
kuzkilfpwhu;.
rpahkyhtpd; epiy
rpahksh fztid ,oe;J ntWk; fOj;Jk;> ntwpr;Nrhba new;wpAkhf
,Ue;jhs;.mtsJ Foe;ijfs; mtsplk; mg;gh vg;gkh tUthU vd;W
Nfl;ld. ,ij fz;l fkyehjd; kpfTk; kdk; fyq;fpdhd;.
fkyehjdpd; kd khw;wk;
ez;gdpd; kuzk; fkyehjid kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,dp Gifg; gpbf;Fk;
gof;fj;ij rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjhf Nfhfpyhtplk; $Wfpwhd;.
NfhfpyhTk; fztdpd;
Kbit Nfl;L kpfTk; kdk; kfpo;fpwhs;.
3. md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs; (vitNaDk; ,uz;L kl;Lk;)
Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;
ngw;Nwhu; jk; tWikiag; Nghf;f Foe;ijfis Ntiyf;F mDg;Gfpd;wdu;.
gbf;Fk; tajpy; Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;W mjpfkhf
ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyia khw;w murhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lNj
Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;.
Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;
re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fspy; vj;jifa FiwghLfs;
,Ue;jhYk;> ePjpkd;wq;fisNah Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gf; FOitNah mZfpj;
jPuT
; fhzyhk;. ,jw;nfd jdp ePjpkd;wq;fs; cs;sd. Efu;Nthu; chpikfisg;
ghJfhf;fr; rl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd.
jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk;:
murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19 (1)MtJ gpuptpd;gb Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
KOikahd Ngr;Rhpik> vOj;Jhpik cz;L NkYk;> mjw;Fhpa jfty;fis
ngwTk; KO chpik cz;L. ,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; jdpahfNth Xu; mikg;gpd;
%ykhfNt jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk; 2005 gpupT 6,d;gb jfty;
ngwyhk;. nghJj;jfty; mYtyhplk; gj;J c&gha; nrYj;jp tpz;zg;gpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j
Njitapy;iy.
4. ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;
gpwg;G Page
ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhr;re;jpud; ,yq;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L | 59
rdtupj; jpq;fs; 17Mk; ehs; NfhghyNkdd; rj;aghkh ,izaUf;F kfdhfg;
gpwe;jhu;.
jpiug;glj; Jiw
ehlfq;fspy; ebj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhkr;re;jpud;> jpiug;glj;Jiwapy; <Lgl;L
ebf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. jdJ mauhj ciog;ghy; cau;epiyia mile;jhu;.
murpay;
mwpQu; mz;zhthy; ftug;gl;l vk;.[p.Mu;. murpaypy; <Lgl;L Vio kf;fspd;
kdjpy; kf;fs; jpyfk; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whu;. mwpQu; mz;zh ,tiu
,jaf;fdp vdg; Nghw;wpdhu;. 1972 Mk; Mz;L jhkpUe;j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J
tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhu;.
jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tu;.
1977 Mk; Mz;L jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jypy; ngw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhdhu;.
ngUe;jiytu; fhkuhru; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kjpa czT jpl;lj;ij midj;Jg;
gs;spfSf;Fk; toq;fpdhu;. ,e;jpa muR ,tUf;F ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp
rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
5. Fwl;il xyp
njd;gFjpapy; xU FLk;gKk;> tlgFjpay; xU FLk;gKk; ,Ue;jd.
njd;gFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> xU ghl;b> xU eha; vd;W ngupa Viof;
FLk;gk;. vg;nghOJk; Foe;ijfspd; Muthuk; ,Uf;Fk;.
tlgFjp FLk;gk;
fztd;> kidtp vd ,Utu; kl;LNk thOk; nghpa FLk;gk;. ,Uky;> Vg;gk;
jtpu NtW ve;j xypAk; ,y;iy.
njd;gFjp FLk;gKk; eha;Fl;bfSk;
Vioapd; kidtp Vohtjhf xU Foe;ijia <d;nwLj;jhs;. rpy ehspy;>
eha;Fl;bAk; Ie;J Fl;bfis <d;wJ. mLj;j %d;whk; ehs; ntspNa nrd;w
eha; jpUk;gtpy;iy. eha;Fl;bfs; grpahy; fj;jpd.
Vioj;jhapd; fUiz
grpahy; fj;jpa eha;f;Fl;bfSf;F jd;Dila ghiyNa gQ;rpapy; eidj;Jj;
je;J grpNghf;fpdhs;. eha;f;Fl;bfspd; xyp mlq;fpaJ. Vg;g xyp te;j
jpirapypUe;j Ful;il xyp tuj; njhlq;fpaJ.
Page
6. E}yfk;. | 60
E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;
kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w
Muk;gpj;jd. mt;thW Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld.
E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;
Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;>
E}y;epiyak;> gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.
nghJ E}yfj;Jiw
nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs;
mikf;fg;gl;ld. 1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr;
rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd;
rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
gs;sp E}yfk;
gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J||
vd;Dk;
tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
E}yfKk; gaDk;
,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp>
tuyhW> nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy;
fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ.
khztu;fs; E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jq;fsJ gy;Jiw mwpitAk;
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz;: 34(m)
1. lhb tu;w rz;Nl vdf;F gu;j; Nl. gl; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gu;j;Nl
bu];vLf;ftpy;iyNa> ntha; lhb? vd;Ndhl gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf;
fhy; gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;.||
mg;gh tUfpw Qhapw;Wf; fpoik vdf;F gpwe;j ehs;. Mdhy; ePq;f ,d;Dk;
vdf;F gpwe;j ehs; Mil vLf;ftpy;iyNa> Vd; mg;gh? vd;Ndhl ez;gu;fisnay;yhk;
tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;yp mioNgrpapy; mioj;jpUf;Nfd;|
2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l; ? Vd; Nyl;lh tu;Nw ? topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh
mjdhyjhd; Nyl;> rup rup g]; vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? bf;fl; fpilr;rjh?
g]; nld; ju;l;bf;F tUk; yh];l; tPf;Nf upru;t; nra;jhr;R.
Page
RNu\; vd;d Mapw;W? vd; jhkjkha; tu;Nw ? | 61
topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry;lh> mjdhyjhd; jhkjk;> rup rup NgUe;J
vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? gazr;rPl;L fpilr;rjh? NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;F tUk;. nrd;w
thuNk Kd; gjpT nra;jhr;R.
Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdj; jkpo; nrhw;fs;
\rhg;gpq; - filf;F ntha; lhb - Vd; je;ijNa ? fhy; - miog;G
Nlhd;l; nthup - ftiyg;glhNj tpf;fpufq;fs; - nja;tr; rpiyfs; khu;fk; - top
ahj;jpiu - Gdpjg; gazk; \rh;l; - Nkyhil fh];l;yp - tpiy cah;e;jJ
Xy;l; ];Llz;l; - Kd;dhs; khztd; thl; `hg;gz;l - vd;d Mapw;W
Nyl; - jhkjk; buhgpf; [hk; - Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry; bf;fl; - gazr; rPl;L
yh];l; tPf; - fle;j thuk; uprh;t; - Kd;gjpT bgd; - rpw;Wz;b A+dpghu;k; - rPWil
Ngd; - kpd; tprphp nry;Nghd; - miyg;Ngrp
Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f tpdh vz; 35(m)
1. Trees are very useful to us.They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used to
make chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil seeds of some trees. The
leaves and fruits of some trees are used to prepare medicines.
Kuq;fs; ekf;FkpfTk; gadspf;fpd;wd. mit ekf;F
kuf;fl;iliaAk;>tpwifAk; jUfpd;wd. ehw;fhypfs;> Nkirfs; kw;Wk; gytifahd
fiyg;nghUl;fs; nra;a kuf;fl;ilfs; cjTfpd;wd. rpy kuq;fspd; tpj;Jf;fspy;
,Ue;J vz;nza; fpilf;fpwJ. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfs;> fdpfs; Mfpait
kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd.
2. Early to bed and earlly to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The early
riser has more time and energy to prepare for the days work than the late riser. Besides,
he finds himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is the most suitable time for study. As the
mind is fresh, even a difficult is made easy.
gpd; J}q;fp> Kd; vOjy; vDk; gof;fk; XUtid cly;eyKilatdhf>
nry;tKilatdhf> mwpT cilatdhf Mf;Fk;. jhkjkha; vOgtid tpl
mjpfhiyapy; vOgtDf;F md;whl Ntiyfisf; ftdpf;f mjpf NeuKk;>
rf;jpAk; fpilf;fpwJ. mtd; jd;idg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp cilatdhfTk; RWRWg;G
cilatdhfTk; czh;fpwhd;. mjpfhiy NeuNk kpfTk; cfe;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Page
rpj;jk; njspthf ,Ug;gjhy;> fbdkhd ghlg;gFjp$l vspjhf MfptpLfpwJ. | 62
3. The television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful programs on
education, health, agriculture and family planning are specially prepared for rural viewers.
Interesting dramas and films are shown at regular intervals. The television is also used for
commercial advertisements.
njhiyf;fhl;rp jw;fhy ,e;jpahtpd; mw;Gjq;fspy; xd;whFk;. fy;tp> eytho;T>
Ntshz;ik> FLk;geyk; Nghd;w gad;jUk; gy epfo;r;rpfs;> ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fSf;fhfNt
jdp ftdpg;Gld; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mh;tKld; ghh;f;fj;jf;f ehlfq;fSk;>
jpiug;glq;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspfspy; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tzpf
tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; njhiyf;fhl;rp gad;gLfpwJ.
4. Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long. Every
man has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that quantity his health will fail
and he will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat enough food to live.
vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fk; czT ,d;wpaikahjJ. cztpd;wp kdpjd;
neLehs; tho KbahJ. Xt;nthUtUk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT czit cz;z
Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;j msT czT cly;eyj;ijg;ghjpg;gNjhL> Neha;tha;glTk;
VJthFk;. MfNt xt;nthUtUk; caph;thoj; Njitahd msT czT cz;z
Ntz;Lk;.
5. Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his whole
life to uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he came to know that there
could not be a God other than truth. He taught us that our thought, word and deed should
on truth. He preached what he practised.
fhe;jpabfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl Nkyhf tha;ikia Nerpj;jhh;> kjpj;jhh;.
tha;ikapd; kjpg;ig epiyehl;l jd; tho;ehs; KOJk; Nghuhbdhh; .
tha;ikAld;jhd; epfo;j;jpa Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J> tha;ikiaj;jtpu NtW nja;tk;
,y;iynad;W fz;lhh;. ekJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk; xd;whfNt
,Uf;f NtzLk; vd;W fw;gpj;jhh;. jhk; nrhy;tijNa nraypYk; fhl;bdhh;.
6. Library is a place for reading books. There will be a librarian in each library. He
Page
takes care of all the books in English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economics | 63
and commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in tamil and English. We Can
read them there silently . It is a place for silent reading. Books can be borrowed for two
weeks from the library. It is useful for everyone.
E}yfk; Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lkhFk;. xt;nthU E}yfj;jpYk; xU E}yfh; ,Ug;ghh;.
mth;> E}yfj;jpYs;s midj;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; ftdkhfg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;thh;. Mq;fpyk;
kw;Wk; jkpo; fijg;Gj;jfq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mwptpay;> nghUspay;> tzpftpay;
Gj;jfq;fSk;$l mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpopy; Gjpa ,jo;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;.
mJ mikjpahfg; gbg;gjw;nfd;Nw cs;s ,lkhFk;. E}yfj;jpypUe;J Gj;jfq;fis
,uz;L thuq;fSf;F ,utyhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. E}yfk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
gad;glf;$ba xd;whFk;.
,izahd jkpo;gg
; onkhopfis vOJf - tpdh vz;: 35(M)
1. Health is Wealth. -Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;
2. Too much of anything is good for nothing-msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkph;jKk; eQ;rhFk;
3. No pain No gain- Ciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy
4. Haste makes Waste-gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;
5. Knowledge is Power -mwpNt Mw;wy;
6. Covet all lose all- Nguhir Nghpog;G
7. Diamonds cut diamonds- Ks;is Ks;shy; vL
8. East or West, Home is the best.- vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;.
8. Empty vessals make the greatest sound.- FiwFlk; jSk;Gk;.
9 .Money makes many things.- gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;.
10. Old is gold.- goikNa gRk;nghd;.
11. Prevention is better than cure.- tUKd; fhg;gJ Nky;.
12. Little strokes fell great oaks- mbNky; mb mbj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;.
13. Tit for tat- gopf;Fg;gop
fijia epiwT nra;jy; my;yJ ftpij - tpdh vz;: 36
(gs;sp> kio> Foe;ij> fly;> el;G> Kaw;rp> md;id> ,aw;if)
17. gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37

Page
kdp;jnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;
| 64
kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J
jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fpr;
rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk;
,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk;
,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy
GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;
Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;
jpuz;l fUj;J:
kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsh;tjw;Fk;> tphpe;j kdg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtw;Fk;> jd;dy
Nehf;F jfh;tjw;Fk;> vy;NyhUk; Xhpdj;jth; vd;W czh;tjw;Fk;> cah; vz;zq;fs;
cUthtjw;Fk;> GdpjKw;W kf;fs; tho;tjw;Fk;> ehl;by; Gj;jfrhiy Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.
nghUs; eak;:
kf;fs; Gdpjkhd tho;T tho> md;G tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik> jd;dykpd;ik> Xhpdk; vd;W
czu> cah; vz;zk; cUthf ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; ghujpjhrdhh;.
nrhy;eak;:
jd;dy kdg;ghd;ikia kf;fs; jfh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;f jdpkdpj
jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp vd;w nrhw;fspdhy; eak;gl $Wfpwhh; ghNte;jh;.
Nkhid: Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid.
rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk; .. kNdhghtk;
,dpjpdpjha; .. ,yFtJ
GdpjKw;W .. Gj;jfrhiy
vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif
rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk;_jdpkdpj_,dpjpdpjha;_GdpjKw;W
,iaG: ,Wjp vOj;Njh>mirNah> rPNuh xd;Wgl;L tUtJ ,iaG
rhd;W : Ntz;by; ehl;by;
re;jeak;:
,g;ghlypy ; vz;rPh;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh gapdW; te;Js;sjhy;
mftNyhir epuk;g eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Page
| 65
mzp:
gue;J tphpe;j thdj;ijg; Nghy kf;fspd; kdk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ftpQh;
$wpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy; ctik mzp gapdW; teJ; ss; J.
jiyg;G: Gj;jf rhiy
gbtk; epug;Gjy; - tpdh vz;: 38
tq;fpapy; gzk; vLj;jy;> tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jjy;> njhlu;tz;b Kd;gjpT
Nghd;w gbtq;fis epug;g gapw;rp nra;aTk;.
tho;f;ifj;jpwd; tpdh vz;: 39
tpz;zg;gk; vLJjy; - tpdh vz;: 40
1. NgUe;J trjp Ntz;bg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fof Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;f;Ff; $l;L
tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.
2. FbePh; trjp Ntz;b xd;wpa MizaUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.
3. ePtph; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J cd; ez;gDf;Ff; fbjk;.
4. gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw;w cd; ez;gidg;ghuhl;b fbjk;.
5. E}yf trjp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk; 6. tuNtw;G kly; 7. gphpTiu/ghuhl;L kly;
8. rhiy/kpd;trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;Ff; fbjk;
9. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Ntz;b jiyikahrphpaUf;Ff; fbjk;
nghJf; fl;Liu - tpdh vz;: 41
1. jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs; 2. rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
3. rhiytpjpfs; 4. ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiyth; (m) ftpQh;
5. Njrpa xUikg;ghL 6. md;whl tho;tpy; mwptpay;
7. E}yfj;jpd; gad;fs; 8. kioePh; Nrfhpg;G
9. fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp 10. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G
Page
| 66
Page
| 67
md;ghh;e;j khzth;fNs....
; ,e;j gilg;gpid jpdKk; KO rpe;jidNahL gbj;jhy; ntw;wp
cWjp..... Njh;th;fs; midtUk; ntw;wp ngWk; Nehf;fj;NjhL ,jid
rkh;gpf;fpd;wdh; cq;fspd; ntw;wpia vq;fspd; %yk; cWjpahf;fp Page
| 68
Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw tho;j;Jf;fs;.
rhjidahsh; gpwg;gjpy;iy ! cUthf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; !!
ghijia NjlhNj ! ghijia cUthf;F !!
Kaw;rp + gapw;rp = ntw;wp

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VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE 2015 -16

rhjidahsh; gpwg;gjpy;iy ! cUthf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; !! WWW.padasalai.net

ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh; ;

jpk;kehaf;fd;;gl;b.(po) uhrpuGk;. (tk) ehkf;fy(dt)

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. -tpdh vz;. 1 Kjy; 6 tiu

4. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj vdg;ghbatu ------------------------- tpil: ghujpjhrd;

ciueil rhpahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.

1.gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vdf; $wpatu; -------------ghthzu;

15. giftdplKk; md;Gfhl;L vdf; $wpa E}y; ---------------------tpil : iggps;

Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf - tpdh vz;. 7 Kjy; 12 tiu - nra;As;

1. khzpf;f thrfh; gpwe;j Ch; ----------------tpil :jpUthjT+h;

19. fk;giu Mjhpj;j ts;sy; ---------------- tpil : rilag;gts;sy;

1. jkpou; kdpj tho;it------------------ --------------vdg;gpupj;jdu; tpil: mfk;>Gwk;

VETRI EADUCTION DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

tpilfSf;F Vw;w tpdh vOJf - tpdh vz;. 17 Kjy; 20 tiu

11. fhe;jpabfs; gftj;fPijiag; gbj;jjd; %yk; kdTWjpiag; ngw;whu;

nra;As; FW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 21 Kjy; 27 tiu

1. capupDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ vJ? Vd;? Page

mhpa tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; NghJ nra;jw;fupa nray;fis nra;J Kbj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

ciueil FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 28 Kjy; 34 tiu

1. cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; vj;jid?

7. nra;jpg; glq;fs; %ykhf ehk; mwptd ahit? Page

8. jpiug;glr;RUs; gw;wp ePtPh; mwptd ahit?

nra;As; gFjp rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 35 Kjy; 39 tiu Page

1. khzpf;f thrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW Ntz;Lfpwhh;?

4 thapw;fhtyd; ghz;ba kd;did vt;thW tho;j;jpdhd;?

,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; ,uhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ. thd;kf

ciueilg; gFjp-rpW tpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;.40 Kjy; 44 tiu

5. fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F mk;Ngj;fh; Mw;wpa gzp ahJ?

nra;Aisg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp - tpdh vz;. 45

1.mhpfhy; khwpa mq;fz; mfy;tay;

2. ,g;ghlypy; cdf;F vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk;? jkpiof; Fwpf;Fk;.

3. tpsk;gf;Nfs; nghUs; $Wf. nrhy;yf; Nfl;ghahf.

4. nrtpaWj;J - gphpj;J vOJf. nrtp + mWj;J

3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffisvLj;J vOJf. rhjid> Ntjid

cUt topghl;Lf;Fg; gjpyhf xsptopghl;il gpd;gw;wpdhu;.

nra;As; - neLtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz;. 47

1 xOf;fKilikg;gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf?

,uhkd; fq;ifapd; kWf;fiu miljy;

NjidAk; kPidAk; ,uhkDf;Ff; nfhLj;jy;

1. nrk;nkhopf;Fupa vitNaDk; Ie;J jFjpg;ghLfis tpsf;fp vOJf.

41. khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; --------------------- fhyj;jpw;Fhpad tpil: Kd;gdp

2. tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp - thio + gok; = thiog;gok; (Njhd;wy;)

1. te;jth; 2. nrd;wtd; 3. Gbats

3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf.

10. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy

kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.

13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs;.

3. ,e;j \ru;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ. ,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cau;e;jJ.

fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ

vq;fs; Mrpupau; jpUf;FwSf;F mspj;j tpsf;fk; cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdpg;

xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpw nrhw;fSld; njhlh;e;J

vl;L tifg;gLk; mit>

5. ntw;wpiy - cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

1. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij $Wf?

ifia mirf;fpwJ vdf; $Wtjhy; ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.

17. gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37

Kaw;rp + gapw;rp = ntw;wp

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