Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy Edited by Fathi Habashi ‘Volume II: Primary Metals Secondary Metals Light Metals ® WILEY-VCH ‘nin Cher - Now York Tonto Bian -Sagapreeric te REP ating ee or a in one a cy ‘ot mre meet gh 19 eter Sees teat orem Preface sesame ttc tpt hea spearmint, oaics eco eee ees Solver eraane Soest “pean shoes mc ‘ten me twee ty eve Seocemacertc SeGESeSieS ‘Seon rm oss foray ‘Eeeesceae ieee Soro rase sce Lo Soaceceet ar Sloe “ah he pea endeny lay 2 Se nn Si pcan vac versa ta feo naa Ss Seneca a ae ae Histetited Fevcions ees iS teenies orn tape ELiitesas on ‘ion pesexer hydro pyre, and eergomet, © Becawcoflimiijn of pace, it as we po rere enfant, ° ie fen foes tune SEcseiens Benches Sirassiieciatied Spare Seer sane a te eee SE cro Ss pees eiiaititem te Seitacmnciacam st ‘cay belt Res Chemie Enger Tampa edo at VCH Vetap- ket oni greta te, Seeioweiers Sine memcgene Slane Rscenrs measEpc mec Spm ei wa coor 2a re pa a te ‘Sule may eee mel Seca eg. me el ei ‘Sion ar cy ran Hohn il {rom order an ea firbeennene mag Table of Contents Part One Port Two # Part Fow Port Fve Part Sic tune 1 ‘The Metal Industry 1 he Ene Cee 5 feptngot i 4 Bp Me Ferrous Metals 1 Rema Vole it vimary Metals otal 10 ie Secondary Metals Lig Metals 2 Amine Vote Precious Metals 3 Part ‘seen Part Eight Part Nine Part Ten Part Eleven Port Twelve Refractory Metals 2 haya 3 howe Seattered Metals 3 Taio Rare Earth Metals otume 17 ervoalloy Metals a Stee Akal Metals 19 tat is“sate suse Part Three Part Alalne Earth Metals Primary Metals Tareen ‘8 een 20 Antone. ass _ «fie Name Inde 28 sle[sfo F | Subject Inde... 299 al |s]ela ro] | ¥ 2] oo] a) ma re ag] ce] AMM so] 1 | ce[iu ta! ne] | |ne oe) te asl ie AM [0] 1 [ce[re) ns [pfs | [oe «fol [e ol ent 8 Copper 22 ype pei 33 Sienna ‘Soest SShudpe a carom se 25 paar i games 2S 2 eee 8 {+ ci pc i Nd Foi Sooeapacdiia 5 12 Caper om a84. Introduction _oma gee me ae om a Sbiaotec iy exuded only ty sla oustanding Saas Spano anes Eavgeae phan ead Sane er tr Ap) wars a Macioranean inf Cpr frm, SS Secu ates eave cmap canoes eee oe te etre popsbecneers Ehnpuiteerses ‘ef Yr dit ee try 2-20, The et mata fd by ‘ese mn wef nd ape a "Sonieoee er Breer ioe {outn Asie (hy) Une eety ermine cope inet ‘Feminine woe postin te ‘rss an sn post a “empirical experience orer calles hat lade an soning ele pet enfbil eperon ‘tsar nate Bg tn higher semper (hoa ‘ie pu he nig Fs ot Sy alae oa + Sn cost ony a The ele of lie copra (tt Shy) mew ee eet ‘en Noe 200 pee Erp ong so mine oth cxty te, bone Congr ey) wos won om coe ae Split ca cr soit "Baw (pers aly) at vee ito SE tad tc wy se cncte nna aca Sp oie) oe as ‘at the Roma Bg, tne ne ste tn ey Sere ee ape fe me ie TG ey ecu noe ef es compas dal nen 3) ‘So Aaa De eats 358) seem ce sco cegrigncene eee ices ES ah oms os Pee anes geen ede sen pope ee Tec foyer mn, on on ‘coon ahr Wedd We wat ‘cy te ares he Unto San See Sant fre te come See inte ease Seer oes Tear eos ae (Penn wi even hci 82. Physical Properties” eae afer tl co Ooo of he Ie ions pps we ney (Gre of caper he egg come Stphaek Sond op oe Shot of sve impress) estore Copp cta-ori Qad) Sir snes cpp an meee overs bedapee «ieee To re crt aes Sasa aa hice Se A 63546 2 0003 gUPAC, Be Le ie[Bone master 3d ot whch ca ge ies res go cueon ag Siiteroa te fe rome ceo a Seioeeecon Seats petyiem Peake Ease Leama Seep usec Sonar ea Srey tee SSemameeron Tee ehootin rage et steiene sid Cebit Mecha Properties npr met SES nee aay ‘Scent hr er ad-na appr ss. ar ope song Iva samt ns cm, Teton one trae he eng ph temp a nc Seite comune och ‘Sheena pune Se Ek hate date shen fe cag ‘yor athe umpnarer cope ‘SShseear mel shu cl bow “Fagen opel mechan ope sea a (Sisto 25) Tesepensoe meyer eget copper and SSPSO0"C fe ‘shnon pe ope 8 ow ers Stampa cay eregroy, jeune egal oma ea otcinef Setanta dace ‘ermal Popes oper hema es Oe se om ii nd a Popes gy Copper eo ET ei cmc by cl wing: ‘nee sobeguen tang ne he ool wee Ties ie ee eters copper wien eect Sota emegyaae "Foren he ihr Siecewtkstrse owes sinc emig eStore St a gerey ec a San Son ws penne Soest {tbe Aes Coen Age re See segs wo NS Stan nceyeingsecscltocey Ghia ita tae ard hit en Og ony wt Sg bel Wge Ream ‘Peg gene nt wt 90 uum ie acs Satay se Soamonsmeronseinc te See ages ee lai se Grol fv easy Te tos St nn de gh SS a a4 leebee 28! 83. Chemical Properties Tah pin ite conpr iene sia sou ptr wi se pi Se Sie oc Stoves compar v conn Sadie moet ‘aire wap pert Frege rece ootce setTag drgn 29 ccwos i eee ian Sona aecuae Ease camera Sree a are sonia g 1 = __ Testa lets poreti 25°) oc Degecrmped eei Pees ester Peers Egat ava n cagso ina rescaose es ‘Stic bom of hor le fsctn acess ‘Sify a he lo sone ae Se Ga Sayeed cong ee Sloanicee: Seen ies es ESERIES cach by aig wh seh ine ‘iin exci hie ‘Dito of pee posite by ‘Sas cominng song oan ch ‘Sountinaanapite ers, "ose caer ein Soom emenipowmale ne Se, seg et en st ‘ty ch yan! hone (rs wter ptaty ncoet errs 9-10, MIN Fora ba SAT aie ss hur C21 So Sar Social wacom. Fe siya nore pe The Cr0 1 Conon in eh ema aaa ni hn ey ean Copper 6-371 Ae noe Spratt nce dnd apr (Sed gos parat pocona (Soet renal Win be cptonoya: te te liye ps tn ape ‘Sine ita dc © poe ert dau tos commen of 268% Ee amending Le 0 ao we re) Corl ein nt coe ferme one coy ie a (nent forme The sos lowe Sir ng pron he ‘eto en pet ‘ii ipso rh atl reer usd ia cnype corr cen gr) oe wh ep sa8e 20 oe at pc inci ne Scape toate ely {etyae ec oom tempt foe ‘Se i exon ape axe Coe, 5 Ca tet ent ene ‘tae eed th oper ng. eee a 84 Occurrence ep vr cope en 50 ‘pe Oke ens er ely 00 Fm, Se om seca ani vas 9 fests gh B41 Copper Minerals etwas, btel 2a franc cope oe (Soe (Rec nous (gece snd lc) ‘oe io pc amr si, ‘monly cnicopyi amt, ad loc, ‘ton sony by py plete‘cat omc ut oh ‘Sots en roscoe is ‘Senay cape er (oneoce ao Sri a naarcppesnk ‘rcs etn tr ce een ey tin Fes ve an go Subtle ‘bes oor on bce For Se Seton een Oy cae on Zi nd Zan ee ctf ota oy coppers in Are foes see moe of male i en apt ge oe ot ey of copper nes oem 313g pr _Soarhacta ae ‘ree penal alta to we, caeeeaen oe eon seen ete eo fe se ae Tec cerm oon Ses Science aed “optic eam oe dope de ‘peng cokg of magia Tere i epee of 1 Byte ee pons ea by fate Penrepen peccrertntes ‘pos Sonn spe ny cha ‘spre od sy bi a ema oe foe Se Shi "Tope lets epee 2 eae Saat rca eeces fe ay er i SS ener Satan See fees are Sasa, Sees Saas Src ch opericorete Seer are Eee ‘Gemerton zone, secondary wibde oe, ‘a Sept te peat meno of lige peo ye Saco Saas ‘Sereuesee 843 Copper Ore Deposis Crit ren foe mehameeasrs eee ere Saye eg “gp cet cs See See * Anes state ™ Aan soi een Pp ikea, Dan, Plies neni, ‘inn soda ae Poa Sn, Yaga, pla ‘ude Nowy Sean sendB44 Copper Resourcer meperanee Zee Soon re iaueseeceares Soeiieeeins Sith otcopernsen eirsee ines 701 caper See fa 1 coat, as jai ouch which a. tan fn ese ly al ene Siaionns SAS Mining Exton, hth ie oe ree de ase regind wre comet Ses eee. Ofte legal sd ple acoso Secreta cee ‘gee rset High pas pass Siete tecy ease Ing msthaveigh eps ch ea Mk fn, se seh ho os Spec Totten Seneca, SSSm ctw cone om oer ines ost em pee reas =uorree pecerieneme see Eonaiteeecas Seats recereters Sciatic Toe ee aman catcnoeecy ete once en ‘tah eu sae Pans wo by reed LSS Se Eeumacoacrs 35cm ast 05% (e148) Cue iy gue ie ecole anit ‘st ses er Spi of 00 00 {pie mean sn cen! te gece Za 1 Cosnd tie A ‘tooth mets fer possi fo mes Sa ec se 85. Production verte er ope ptaton made aortas bed sonal lon ese mc of et) fr) ‘eed pean tong enon {2 we ey compan, O) end ‘Surcnqers prove (creed Be pero) ered n ‘ton Dury edema ‘Rmcncertek ce ape 1 ie teed crete Reser o altro ler ea snc depends eel ot 8 pe SORST mar whi pe ou exon a be owing + Behn yt aso + Oe pail mash in ind = Fvoase pram eament “wig conan ae Seamer met xeon cose ‘Gover compet seit ees an no 1) promeblywfesen ap 2 yw hye Ac 9 oe py cope xg SS sand ey oe Sac Seely aed ya “Te vey fm Nhe Ftc comer ‘Tealtnding neces Te pores ‘eb mn ech pr are 43 ere mo npr $51 tet Eieecimeenoee eae msteshee as eae ae a eer Eresey by aopes log 1 Canines ad yeas “The sen oth lal so me sath pee in et fe ‘Bok car Zeer pecs a ‘op end epee) flecoe, te eo lene contd (espe ton fr orig a pce teeta Cee on fr ponte a ‘Singran coy ‘Se comanoney ely sie! is ‘luo nate cen ha conreyes ‘Spins Deva oso ht Soom revs anh ere, ‘opine pcos out beaks) "he engr cot 0 i halite oneceats (CaP) verges, 20-30% ‘arly btcoienty mae eno Gihingweee nes pre ‘wy terme 5 001 Rta ah ee pc 852 Segregation Spec leaded cape et tay ot ami se BY eames Ceci cent ‘Sto (eyecandy ang Bone Pe ir Smee Seas oes to Sai sates sarees Savy te peoo ae Soka 853° Roasting Rowseg may be tlt peg se conn fr stent Frog {Slarhtroneuingen open Fr te Seco "pecmine” be pa ‘png em 1 eaecling tesa ear Shag enact ge ‘neat oe Dei, 4 mule of chem ‘Sisto or Secs mano he my ‘Bowcyemns sub eo p+ ‘Senor mponal sos omy ener geslerspnn gue) Tot ‘Sporn janes deere FeoEb racenlacyyntta dos —— Seta pit mies naa {especialy magnets), and aca, the ast eae ERE ents neeoens Sears io ind me SoRanyoaes Mek ee iota Amit mn vey anche Suing th Si fst eo {Sed i cope le Tas Sean ch we dopey tn De ‘Shree Ceo td ta ee rey ac ‘Serna sonpouns on beep ‘he Fn Vena pose ch ‘ean ese ta ba at ‘ne Si ho apes age es SS Higa temperate Te wl el he ‘Singing igus gs utr sy fw rom en tow Meet fame, wi ales a war wey eye eae moda ete wel [Bowe tren amas ta See te 200 ety, Se es ey ve Sec dine hy (wo ey advantages ae exptnion af ‘Meso tare ce eon sec Bring) an analy See ar Rema Sn fad sting nthe sue nt oe a “TR eage mate eof conceae Sane sai emt pons The SO, {854 _ Pyrometalargcal Principles Shing of erat party runt suite one poder me ‘Sing cof cp mab Sei pe eee oa pe 541 maine Sateen od spn it ce Cait ne bri altima peso a Soars os 5 rmmeemees ts ‘State Sue ie 9 company Seino =e Somme ota pls cle geet cue eta sssuazeace ‘arene stemogeeor aca otimac Se aes Sis picgerneces SSeS eas tc ‘erty of npr mrs ege vee, epee a at Sa ga ees ad ‘eer eet along Sees} ge’ Gom Gai toe 9, see Sbetietetbnan tiger msc SAS. Slags 20‘ nae too of ner ht ‘Seca onetageet tie 0), ‘en sie Sec apn coed ‘Semple onein eC Pet Oy Ue ew tenant aw 2 ‘Sonat of snp be ped ae O“R0, So) (eae oa) ey ‘yom ea tr ito edn ne 9) Te Soest gue compan of oe Segre atte “The ej of mate ameng ce 1 seine a Compe spare me SS Be ete fe Relou aro align sag eo ny of al ag en 31-36, ‘eat an earn ety he ‘Sree mt stn 1 So ete vey htt stove ono opp rang shu eb een 0 an ih bee ee [lyenm es copper noe fag Such (ates den ot oa of ego ‘eget chil mee eee nae Serene meee Mcpoe pac ee at oer Soa ecco ease anemere See mmwuren Seen orem meee frock ech nS ce {ese hgh ouns of ome int Eecremmecas rate poet ep eee Sehiseees ighcpene as Societe Bataan nd ‘ee Sn eter Sn a es ht =a iqeaeicore toe ‘se cor nding to ou oe eee Syverses Soc ‘ae he pba am iy omy Spee come Seams roe cntineeal onto“Ses oe J : wren oy ; indoes a on, (2 zie | fs sets Propoaw Sepiememe nace Soreness Se a Sheeran Zomkaetaoers Zaina Eomaesenees mar Su Ane men proctor othe SESE eue tary elie estes ee Seacerectmeaas Sipieloc ences Eom Stpeeraitet Soaieescen Epes Siac So ‘nin, small pido eiforn ite are produced iene era Subp seo tend a es es ‘Sunn eet pet ace er sat wei sense he Fro cheno oc neal copes stow ac Baro ‘tine spots cate Sees Lares Satin onal cp nt ae a Sine SP Cantons mp Srp ea Seo wis ya aoe in ieee Sotmtkipiow rtrabvhen ess Pion of caret ate by eas tn of wih nl che mene Bs, 0) eo ae pose tough ton pt nee ove ‘SoC Sr hes bel ana ses Copper ces ted eager ia pocen of spp aphoe sed ear) ouse areal wf ape [Renta an inte cna ine oe ‘maytcatonss ee, tintendyee oman taice Ui pets ria td rege ee 5 ee ‘811.32 Copper Chloride Cape) ee Cl, mp ox. In S00 335, tg come ‘stp od re wee {°C tered ming po of ‘ice ma cop eee De. Spots cope) cle Stein neato ete a0) "a gr 23% Sa Te, oy SEES 19 ne 05°C) 202. intmote a he dag mat ie tPihowr ey feet ‘einwuarandbyite ss woe epee GOH, A ue ocean gf rope ere (Cue at eae ‘ny sl sn meta tl net id sera cea Ss sre aciGeens ewer ee Sos he sy aw ta Shee ‘ion fe rs 120°C. The oder padapea ated "he ye can be repr yee son eet x eer crn Se ee ee at pice cpp ey‘heute fast ean complet 92:38: pene hye lertaon f cope col (Scream cope hin oon ‘Taiome cn be oped bahia ero ‘perm. Ab coped Lor ce ‘eeoninuty trot ower td oe ‘Sane ber ga eco pte en cng dea od ake Sates insane cot Sipe iy CaS ay ‘i ay. tae ya ‘ex Caged ce Se ele theresa tegen) ogee Giese ences toc coranian e sseivgesrmaaes $item nny roe ae ‘ale, Cope re fins we Seer meee Saas Sa garantie once EL pea ams of ech de Ghaearaeeseunte Se eee ek Se ‘Spine ge sen ie 0 1133 Copper(tl) Oxyeoride ep oxen, CAA i orien Cay SOMO Teed ne ape ese ae ‘hn te memsoraly scoped ae IUPAC degre ene ese See aa ee are Se at fi aay tes ‘Moclnieeavent i be coe ‘Silt son trie or [elim nent Sylar comered inte cates Seog lsh compe [Bis nu ceewapontes esto Prydacon Copper xchat chepepeed ctametty by ae esta arpa Bg 36 ‘AM sco wh wore ope eee penance noes eeaamarerce i canbe sn heb eng Semoreiecceost pero ee enema See apn nt aimee ceoceecacpeaa oe Samer. Seceeereetets reams rina Sores eriettrt ‘mpeg gpa 130 ui 2025 Stic 225935, vu hedo cappe Caen y eee ‘tase wi td eee) S134 Copper Sulfate o,S0sem be prt inl yi as Siig oa cere Saleem ae Tecmo Saepen ae her oer rece eae pashecareaeee eager SS enol pe ng ‘iO, ao fred ding eyo eae vires: ie aatreee orate Barnes Spiers Alea gaan seek nae Sees geoee 81135 Copper(pSutates Copper) Sie Pao nest, a3 ¢ ar pene Gs S20 a SS face ae Fat pert craterd Sey Steere. Sher tint, coors Se See Sean