CHAPTER @ ld and New: Image, Indexicality, and Historicity in the Digital Utopia Avene fs inhy ee ema at 0 pte ofa eo i ty ee ‘igaimapanplion 1snt s f ieonae, se dp 1 ed oar ere eso es shen Jr Pa mae Aner dose al oes, My phere aed gin toe My ganda wil obi sl eign la Bere ec “Ne ges" Di Nee Zr) “Old and New": indescality versus Digitalzation For well over ens inden thought fo be he ground or ‘he nes, most advanced” fons of epresentatan. Daring ht is, ‘altura eos andes conse rede with media in which sign roduc invles pendence on soe minim othe presence the ‘ea objes they represent In mae rods, the yep were Photography an fs. ek ofthe del bce calle in nenarfpstemoloy(hehisorcal donee) ar elas representation{nem This bak has sought highland es catsomeimortant impicaconsoinsipberwcen inca ao stro. Bue reen angen forthe radon of etempory rp snail nd epee involve came that ese ‘ine have een dnc. Posten” oly one wie _prealcolewordfor forwarding chs postionin thei ocular represen. I fa, there ae vary of edn taling wp tht ston One emphases dig encoding aed by econ and ‘computer technol atte cancer of thi chip. What then the digi? eis sly ined agi conrny or pp, an "oer and the genera ane fo that oer ly analog eeaing. This diincton primarily 4 mae of intipion Wheresandoginsein realy cotinoosand depends phys ical omc etmcn diferent sabes atts pin with ans, fr sample dg icrpon ively acetone depends on seemingly abit cde of crt, elton clement (uber) In "hacen, seal became jst net fog inition, ite nly dined sing sme clement of phys enact etncen ‘eer and i! ‘Wit ehat si here areas nub of acount ofthe ‘hart theindeil ae the tongs or mo signe ype of analog incision. hem no the anatogin geet bt the inde Becomes ‘he opposing ter, gin which th dig may be defined and which t surpasses Thisseensexpecly to be the ase in ane of digi ing. This dolacoent a iene hat we are not dein bere wth arc, “eco” defor bt eka et seco cltora eratiztion, "This chaper examines some decripions of dal emading a _entodyng = istorereak nthe nature of mei and represen Kind of ecologist chang in the prodction and processing of meanings Il explore some key nan they repay develop 10 eserie this radial novel, at neces wade dir enpiil teh or aig ach es coer” ly he sera of tain. Soch descrip ae whinatly af seca and pe ‘eats My purport serch mj element of coun fhe dita ‘est fsck eal Hd of concept o theoreti utopia of he liga the rpm of epreseration, and conser the runes ofthis dgtal stop. dain mst dion asl sletion of empl tx wre the dita tore o concerned in opp ‘ion othe ind The dacouse ofthe digital wpa beats bth on contemporary ndertzndngof maging mea edo istry Theenphasson he ‘nage by thon herring the dg gis the ind es int he specalateson increasingly being a yeaa thors a his ‘ne vali” and it viintder in efi oath modern and youmodem carey sancing epeetton insernytore ot ese" purey" withthe wide ison of nal discourse eorists ruth danger ofrepresing the ster sory and chica lsridty ‘fern fe and eure. Se Gem colar sack 2 ick Aleman, hae mi stong cise psn sah epeson nk teary Alan i tcl concred ith he toi and theoreialiporance of the sundeck fora iis cersnly tha the dig sound shoul be central componet of nyhsoy of te digital in coke in rer ncaing imaging pracices inp Batheeareaboees ‘emote even within the singe es eter ofthe image, tnerphaes om ial a caleuralatepry ean rnin ties ‘Son js any oly cold En wht llows wil suggest et here ‘nc wmctines xp, seine mpi vl Fhe che reg ‘ter fdhe gta img, ninporant ways, ich ye conte he ‘ning ppastonBeween digital nines They therefore make clans fora open hstorcl akin representation mre dfical, of selene more compte, han hy may sem at fist -Aafor history we ned only conser bow often scans of he geal grass ward a ponte fad cane i ares free sean, iso, caer and sence een soit whe This ‘naksthe oppoionberween he dita and ts ther whether anlog ot Inde neo aterf new ac ol, Frcermore conception the image ae impr om conceptions fh, When ndsityas though tw be the road the west ot aan” fms of representation, tanporiy—the pas presence ofthe dept bie. as esl Foundation fr bth sin and is referees Lal ough, recent asertions ofthe lai impoance of the digi ae ‘fen asco with cans forthe eansrmaton of seperated reference, venamong thse who donor da with htc pe The assertion of rate nove rel he pce of mer ists as oie yy Konleck, and there he far one dram of mae Wester istry I depends perp okout forthe new and hence the permanent and nvr phy of ange therfore ireqitessome means of concn ofl history which means tempeing isl Bat wha the strc sconces mpc in eal oe digital? The ery arom of ewes aks his ‘oncepaizton och ld dent scan inpofoud way, Intex if igiizton ted postmodern cin for aad pra en omer stoi a sameness proclamations of the dalton of histori representation may bea mere sows, OF cour, ental theo, ars nd eshniinsareaot he ‘onl ones making signet chim abou thera novel ced by gal representation So does comer elu hot alerting log 'sin perpetual search of pod deena and hens a heer of thee Some Fundamentals fora “New” Media Er ‘The indesical Image, th Digital Image, and Digital Mimicry Aserions of new digital ag do not eat on teat of digital econ alone, ako sassciton with he prorat of computer designed to proces the digi “tul™—bot he ncesingly power personal computer and insttaonl machine wih gener epcte, An ary of bina digs configure log, and ssh logis maybe devised to ‘enable pei copter programs to tant them in ain ors hare Ye, da, egnza ciel fr human eee ‘operat. The train of sch readies incur symbolic gi “Tangsgs" and primera langage Il ncladerany soso inapng sch 2 raph, map he image compe of eplane Hight nd mitary aig smelt, ology he Viral Realy ele ove apart tha recived sigcant amount of pity in the Tac 180 ado forth, Bat dept public around ography a tde-diersonl nerve Veal Realty pls, i patel at ‘hel of dig ager datas reached rer pli oth point hae ten rtd on twodiensinal ufcee—vieo monitors serving at compute seers, a6 wll leis sens, lm serena ten hoch paper (isin for the rac nove of dita, ella the ig tain gener lintel est onthe teoeicl a ofrbery whe suming the develoenet of high ped compan. Theor the ‘nde inagericha Bain and Bares fasted onlight enim tales the ey meting materiality herweon an bjt depiction inthe irae. With pororapy oil a5 he wal examples, hese te ‘odo giveanimge its quality ofa wee, nei ot mold (Bae forthe spect. The bas of th dgtl image, othe other hand, ealy dsr a conigurton of manera bays merc oper ions lords. Theorists of the dg agers emphasize the ea hue munber resting ike ground mednting"mater:” "Ths proumpson ca ead to numerous ther ncn. te i: one implication daw hy Timthy Binkley (whose theory of dig speci wl be priegd lie inthis copter with he Barthes of Comers ann A mp sts me torino i genta cet me wih one commune dy we ped ‘etfs dscns anything vial nis dial forma, ged a by psc bas by cnc etn, cori pcispocalanlah agent intro rod ‘olf mal docile pel ie elanen) The nc py ‘gis ofc ne nrg ae ele by nantly mbes. Thee es yb erp ba aly"pt he nuns of ee menos hee ere the thn pean unde theigal are toe undet= sod a asa conepaliy in oppstion to phys sti Bill Nicol enc his premine with the remark, “The emo] ‘hips pure sree, pre simalton of hah." In ths ormains the quest or ener apertonaliy digas the qs fr the {yee and the psc sa tha the er lone fore determining ‘he mataeanlqulty fhe age: Digital imaging sot jut ater ‘of wchncaly cet inser, bof sndering the tat beween ‘er ad inage and beeneen acne and fees, which he ery ‘recy ofthis The gal an ake ay kind of ania othe ‘eatantornonexen oat of hole tho rte, whole algo Much old be dat hi, bt for nw le note wo one. uence Fir dig image aon dren fm photographic mic images on the bf cm abou rigine. Theos of Ineiy ave ofen aretha he varios cmpostion and ele Sve choices mide by Blumer and photographers eater init ene o desi inthe profi even the mtr hits n= creel presen in foo he camera ne le, The ey cnet inde snaplaefan objet wild does no p= pt in he gary proaton of hima, Bt indeed the itl he new Bar atscme pon sich cant wllencoater the Kind neapabewcen the ctor insted ave, These ep ma tke “ntheappearance ore of amit or yd cen, ich mong ote hing. temporal oe hisoringriphic sont (Dig ‘mime nabspsan instr osu yey) Shed yids ay be tows orl and cover bu hey ot the et of dfn of ‘hedge. On the one and they mk dil dfn the dil by ‘eas fab cateprirason on the thera ity tha ‘hese ybnides themes characterize the dg a mach ay "pue™ senindetiy. Ti that ese the sonography fd nd new which sso fen the heart omcptons of the dt ttn ods ft com ‘ex pure” istry ad compl “impure histogram ori The dtl wou hive to be refered to a aie istity ‘bout table pone of source eden ae. Hire sequen ing wold hare wo become provisional a the cteorics ening such sequencing woul thereto ave tobe temporal histories, de esi, sere tothe compen tht characters the conte rate thn she concep thenondigtal tmicha the dgtal My pnt ere ental should nee Be acted present a pac eso tats pose to completely avoid sequentos howe cht sai, oe would have sek he digital in th omar jets of elie pres nd impure yb. Bat dace ofthe dg have strate to counter hybeiies and reore a hsoringephic temporal hat ean maintain thee vel ofthe dig nun thine nage, Oe ofthe ot sig - ‘ants rhetr ofthe rea, With the count oh gel loss ieetina moment ofdrecdorl change Hybidtions fad spd ee sswhen the competr become viral camer, th ely he da athe mol ofthe neil—are ma ino anion phenarens ‘he may wan raf pares” digaion, samples ae pln When Bikey remarks dha “the comp ter isinally mae to east Fa genes or want af knowing fF hand what de odo withthe wr nay eri a the Fare, ‘hings wil be diferent sd elation ee gt iniery a man fete hyeiiy—il xen he miinizel. Defitons he digital And iscapaiiiceare repens made a mater ofthe oa “With ‘gi pti presi Aone Wile es wllbe ers asthe pots becomes pre cic” Opposing the view thie ‘he dig resknsingy et ater completed eon extending the range of sing and eape, performed msi, or pubis es tare” Roy Ascot pots, th futhr development of ths eld will -cesly mean an nerdependenee of tsi seni ad enol ‘competencies ad aspenions” Ths, Da Str points someting ‘at ges well yond hs specie example when he campains ha i ‘one ais "engaging in ungrounded pee, sot tal clear hat mec phoeogapy-—in the sense of sapsoting—ba ben tae fovmed inthe sighs by dg technology" He its pon ene of he nos ypial—and perhaps ee pia-mode or deining te ipt he forest” ‘The ray ofthe force ha a crucial inetion in ring 48 cna ofthe dita fo ving el wth brides const the I deineter the characteristic of the dig xing thr pare deal rater shan mp aces things Ot wll een be sehr rther han an ached tate f hing: Extrapolation ‘emprary inputs, such accounts are wet mn apn “hat efor” an eof te digitonin tha seme, de Breas pts in ae emporl south sugyes hts scar pict ot js in tsi dig echoloy t in Kind of iii Fein. Prey diptal pies come omthing ie a net iy dis neetblen “nor ye” This fish rt hi wi bi. Teen forerample, ere theron for tec a risen esc and pas j stcncuestbly ground effet oan {nda computer petro lege dering etna snd calel phenomenon fit xsd one scioecmami deem aoc nd nc The seucue of the forest conse the dit om the bio {men fom of srl wmporai. Reinhart Koel ares hat ‘heforees or rational exrpelation cone ofthe progenitors modern striate ampeonofanirecabllineremperiy sedy ‘in operon, the daca oF yi hegh the Foret crac tues mole af itor undetyng sean throm af the dg (this evo, wha dsrowod i tempol cmplesy and ia ‘onc Like + symptom he "oe yer” of he fore smaleanessy ‘congess and yr sgpes the een to which ony not cons geht a necesary element fay acount ofthe dg an fhe tore the ett which tha history cede tempor ney and ‘eerie purity in opie file This sot to sy tha ach forces wll bays tr ou to be wong For Kolck, the tonal feat wat developed pragmatic too eps 3 method of ele mane claison that ae in its on in the alins-of ower pice fhe EopeanAbolte Ste during the events and eighth entries Since hen ap tal ist has generated resting indy ad forecasts tani ftir in everything fom wether prediction tomarcing ‘reach Bt, of couse they shade ino uopian protons wth a fara et hey wil nee tum onto be ght ihn th dacaune ofthe dtl tpi, the bere of he ore- cast aml the extent to which deisone of the digi ly o ie ‘mich Basin acne of he ht f Sin ea posited erect “rein” aa i-Buin made side boeh sabe vasey inci sprosimacons and ako ayn, lately areal "Thins mt abey thc acts othe dg where ate an- ston and change commonly islet nly node amma he liga by meas ration ofthe new that everls proeced ‘nto afiureneer gute ereand no Suppose we tempo mame xeme ofthe mos importa tht recur inaconts of ital imi aca news asthe writes _segeninely knowledgeable about exsing ditaimapng proce and eal, we wil undoubedy end yp with categories of ome despive ‘ndansyevalusan ete will nc neces end pith ammapofehe tern of cal eiting dg mage Rather, wel pode ind ofapifehe dial ely penetrated the srsage ofthe force, ‘ich dks hry and tempore comple. Te dig pany Te erpltceimplitn avon sine dat consent imag ing a ieay dominate that tenor yet inion ptalysnr contri In ts stngst fms taser ht igi is ing des tut intros ew element in representational cles an roti butts the cies ad practic ote arly taneoeaie urn” “The gal wpa seems lo the interplay of se fend renunciation of the oly of gta imaging which ere stil fic in discourses of hers and pacer: These ree al then coster prvi a prosonal keh fora tpi of the Sigal They ae (he racial nie manip of igloos (2) miro sng dese image mes, (ie. wll ‘kl beome cle tthe hee are mul iterdeenen ba they canbe separated fr purposes of position. ach ofthe will bedfined in pion to older seal (emer/posucei imaging pe ‘ces Spang roughly cack may be predominance with one hac af the vthodonbreaown of maitre ln proton ac "ices proc (paca infeite marily), debian (on ‘ergence), and eshion reception trey Full implementation thee dit deals wo mean he restr of he a or ei ey In wha flow, wil dns cach f thee tne digital eas in ‘ur, ning soe intel parades o comtecions. In alls, vel encounter digital mimicry, hb anda consti history ofthe da. ‘There are to points oreember about this exer "ins. my poston har ids auch thee ae ner ness and sommpletly ation or nee and completely anal However, they resin henemen alent much ech dese ‘ins Thi expel lea er 150 yeas of theorising he dei ‘gal imaging’ eter ese ae on dig el sack 3 «he provenance ofthe phoneraphic a lm images as refrain in the rely of ager Second, we should remember tht she dg ‘opi need ne chim that thee te es re ays and abel sehired in every act ese of del naging.Thisis what 0 impor tantabow the eto eft ii what ks them al of ‘hed Production: Practically Infinite Manipulaility By praca innite manipula, Tmean the unpeccoented pail ithe dg espn to roe fran operator implement his or ern conepins of an iage, Non thee ae lel enone pee sre that cel the lf atl gt ting practices in more fork diglined vs. This cident inthe ses to wich geal mag ‘ng ip by many Ks of profesional and ter inition, inch ing ne arts a aden graphic ese comperpogramines dcop semi, nd thee pak eines an lamas co same ae asthe hort pint ply made sth since gaimeing ‘ssl fom physical nal oa precedent egress er. ‘te ron previo operatve constrains on image mang Esen cre ‘ofthe dita ropa ike Kenn Robie can wre, ~The esene of dg inrmaton th iisinkerety males" Ax Be ust One fhe empresa mea a hey cn be nied wi al he omc of pte one wc, he none ough ia domi encore y tbe coxsrais cope ees thr way eo elo ‘Thelogc islet Frama is pincpe hat he nding cons ‘ution ofa imagesisnomeril he cease sx pposion Between ens a physi: Te ne tp argue tha the digital ‘nts nsordnting the phys conine oma prdesion 0 ‘he conceal oan npcnted degree and cones en Feith. Thi log ries many acon oe diel and isnot only dented but given satan the oppoon beoween ‘he dg al he inde “The mo grea psi dtermians an ing making overcome by the dptal are onereteefeence andthe phys ances of ein Wehsve areal nthe fname diferenceberween the Sigal and normale phony oR tha he gil de ot