MA 201

Partial Differential Equations

Tutorial Problems - 2

Topics: Orthogonal surface, Solution of 1st order nonlinear PDEs by method of characteristics
Complete integral of 1st order nonlinear PDEs

1. Find the surface which is orthogonal to the one-parameter system

u = cxy(x2 + y 2 )

and which passes through the hyperbola x2 y 2 = a2 , u = 0.

2. Find the eqquation of the system of surfaces which cut orthogonally the cones of system
x2 + y 2 + u2 = cxy.

3. Show that the equations xp yq = x and x2 p + q = xu are compatible, and find a

oneparameter family of common solutions.

4. Solve the following Cauchy problems by method of characteristics.

(i) p2 + q 2 = 2u such that u(x, y) = 1 on the circle x2 + y 2 = 1.

(ii) p2 + q 2 + p 21 x q 12 y = u such that u(x, 0) = 0.

(iii) 2pq = u such that u(0, y) = 12 y 2 .

5. Find the complete integrals of the following partial differential equations.

(i) p = (z + qy)2 .
(ii) xp + 3yq = 2(z x2 q 2 ).
(iii) 2(y + zq) = q(xp + yq).

6. Find the complete integrals of the following partial differential equations.

p
(i) pq + p + q = 0; (ii) u = px + qy + 1 + p2 + q 2 ;

(iii) upq p q = 0; (iv) p2 + q 2 = x + y; (v) p2 y(1 + x2 ) = qx2 .

Practice Problems
1. Find an integral surface of
y(u2x u2y ) + uuy = 0
containing the initial curve

u = 3t, on x = 2t, y = t.

2. Determine the complete integral of the following nonlinear partial differential equa-
tions:
(i) p2 + qy u = 0; (ii) (p2 + q 2 )y qu = 0