Study this example situation Last month Gary was in hospital for a few days. Rachel didn’t know this, so she didn’t go to visit him. They met a few days ago. Rachel said: IF 'd known you were in hospital, | would have gone to see you. Rachel said: If I'd known (= If | had known) you were in hospital. This tells us that she didn’t know. We use if + had (‘d) ... to talk about the past (if| had known/been/done etc.) | didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If ’d seen you, of course | would have said hello. (but I didn’t see you) | didn’t go out last night. | would have gone out if | hadn't been so tired. (but | was tired) If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking) The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera with me, | would have taken some pictures. (but | didn't have a camera) Compare: I'm not hungry. If was hungry, | would eat something. (now) | wasn't hungry. If | had been hungry, | would have eaten something. (past) Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would in the other part of the sentence: If had seen you, | would have said hello. (not It | would have seen you) Note that 'd can be would or had: If 'd seen you, (I'd seen =| had seen) I'dhave said hello. (I'd have said = | would have said) We use had (done) in the same way after wish. | wish something had happened =| am sorry that it didn’t happen ) I wish 'd known that Gary was ill. | would have gone to see him. (but | didn’t know) I eel sick. | wish | hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake) Do you wish you'd studied science instead of languages? (you didn’t study science) Do not use would have ... after wish: ‘The weather was cold when we were on holiday. | wish it had been warmer. (not | wish it would have been) Compare would (do) and would have (done): IF gone to the party last night, | would be tired now. (| am not tired now — present) IF'd gone to the party last night, | would have met lots of people. (I didn’t meet lots of people — past) Compare would have, could have and might have: we would have gone out, \we could have gone out. we would have been able to go out) ‘we might have gone out. (= perhaps we would have gone out) If the weather hadn't been so bad, Had done > Unit 1S Wido/ifdid-> Unit 38 ifiknew/Iwish knew > Unit 39) Wish - Unit 41. Unit Exercises 40 GD Putthe verb into the correct form. 1 I didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen _ (I/see) you, Vwowlh have oaich. (1/ say) hello 2 Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. IF (he / miss) the train, (he / miss) his flight too. 3 I'm glad that you reminded me about Rachel's birthday, (1/ forget) if (you / not / remind) me. 4 I wanted to send you an email, but | didn’t have your email address. if (Ihave) your address, {(1/send) you an email 5a: How was your trip? Was it good? 8: It was OK, but (we / enjoy) it more if the weather (be) better. 6 I took a taxi to the hotel, but the traffic was bad {it /be) quicker if (1/walk). 7 Finnotured. 16 (1b) tired, rd go humne now. 8 Iwasn't tired last night. If (1/be) tired, | would have gone home earlier. (BD or each situation, write a sentence beginning with If. 1 L wasn’t hungry, so | didn't eat anything. 1£ Ud been hungry, | would have eaten something. 2. The accident happened because the road was icy If the road the accident 3 I didn’t know that Joe had to get up early, so | didn't wake him up. in that he had to get up early, 4 Unfortunately | lost my phone, so | couldn't call you, If 5. Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt. 6 You didn’t have breakfast that’s why you're hungry now. I didn’t get a taxi because | didn’t have enough money. EB nagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish. 1. You've eaten too much and naw you feel sick You say: | wish | hadn't eaten so much 2. There was a job advertised in the paper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that ‘your decision was wrong You say: | wish | 3. When you were younger, you never learned to play @ musical instrument. Now you regret this. You say 4 You've painted the gate red. Now you think that red was the wrong colour. You say. 5 You are walking in the country. You'd like to take some pictures, but you didn't bring your camera. You say 6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn’t phone you first to say they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them. You say (to yourself} + Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 313-14) 81You can say ‘I wish you luck / all the best / a happy birthday’ etc. © 1wish you all the best in the future. | saw Mark before the exam and he wished me luck. We say ‘wish somebody something’ (luck / a happy birthday etc.). But you cannot say ‘I wish that something happens’. We use hope in this situation. For example: (© I'm sorry you're not well. | hope you feel better soon. (not | wish you feel) Compare I wish and | hope: I wish you a pleasant stay here. Thope you have a pleasant stay here. (not | wish you have) We also use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it. When we use wish in this way, we use the past (knew/lived etc.), but the meaning is present: | wish | knew what to do about the problem (I don't know and I regret this) | wish you didn’t have to go so soon. (you have to go) Do you wish you lived near the sea? (you dor't live near the sea) Jack's going on a trip to Mexico soon. | wish | was going too. (\'m not going) To say that we regret something in the past, we use wish + had ... (had known / had said) etc. wish I'd known about the party. | would have gone if 'd known. (I didn’t know) Iwas a stupid thing to say. | wish | hadn't sald it. (I said it) For more examples, see Units 39 and 40. I wish I could (do something) = I regret that | cannot do it: I'm sorry | have to go. | wish | could stay longer. (but | can’t) I've met that man before. | wish | could remember his name. (but | can't) I wish I could have (done something) = | regret that | could not do it: | hear the party was great. | wish | could have gone, (but | couldn't go) You can say ‘I wish (somebody) would (do something)’. For exemple It’s been raining all day. Tanya doesn’t like it. She says: wish it would stop raining, Twish it would stop raining Tanya would like the rain to stop, but this will probably not happen. We use I wish ... would wien we would like surething to happen or change. Usually, the speaker doesn’t expect this to happen. We often use I wish ... would to complain about a situation: The phone has been ringing for five minutes. 1 wish somebody would answer it. wish you'd do (= you would do) something instead of just sitting and doing nothing. You can use | wouldn't ... to complain about things that people do repeatedly: Iwish you wouldn't keep interrupting me. (- please don't interrupt me) We use I wish ... would ... to say that we want something to happen. But we do not use | wish would ... to say how we would like things to be. Compare: I wish Sarah would come. (=! want her to come) but | wish Sarah was (or were) here now. (not | wish Sarah would be) wish somebody would buy me a car but I wish hada car. (not | wish would have) Would Unit 36 Iwish knew => Unit 39 IwishI was / I wish I were > Unit 39¢ wish Thad known “> Unit 40Exercises @ Put in wish(ed) or hope(d). 1 1_wwish.. you a pleasant stay here. 2 enjoy your houiday. 1 3 Goodbye. 1 you all the best. 4 We said goodbye to each other and 5 We're going to have a picnic tomorrow, so | 61 ‘you luck in your new job. | You say: | wish it would. stop raining Unit ca you have a great time. each other luck, the weather is nice. it works out well for you. What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish ... would ... 1 It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. 2 You're waiting for Jane. She's late and you're getting impatient, You say to yourself: I wish 3. You're looking for a job - so far without success. Nobody will give you a job. You say: | wish suniebody 4 You can hear a baby crying. It's been crying for a long time and you're trying to study. You say: 5 Brigit has been wearing Une sare Clothes fur years. Yuu Uink he needs sure riew elutes, You say to Brian: For the following situations, write sentences with I wish 6 Your friend drives very fast. You don’t lke this. You say to your friend: I wish you 7. Joe leaves the door open all the time. This annoys you, You say to Joe: wouldn't 8 Alot of people drop litter in the street. You don’t like this. You say: | wish people 1 I wish Sarah would be here naw. wish you would listen to me. wish | would have more free time. I wich our flat would be a bit bigger | wish the weather would change. | wish you wouldn't complain all the time. | wish everything wouldn't be so expensive © tthe verbinto the correct form. It was a stupid thing to say. wish! hadn't said. I'm fed up with this rain. Iwish i, would. stop It’ a difficult question. | wish | should have listened to you. | wish You're lucky to be going away. | wish Ihave no energy at the moment. | wish Aren't they ready yet? | wish It would be nice to stay here longer. | wish (we / not / have) GD) Ae ese sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. Iniah aval wee. herr it. (I/ not / say) (it/ stop) the answer. (I/ know) your advice. (| / take) with you. (I/'can / come) sotired. (I/ not / be) (they / hurry up) to go now. 9 When we were in London last year, we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see Iwish longer. (we/ can / stay) 10 It's freezing today. | wish {it /not / be) 11 Joe still doesn’t know what he wants to do. I wish 12 [really didn’t enjoy the party. | wish so cold. | hate cold weather. (he / decide) (we / not / go) 83