Bi ging MNG MY TNH

GV: NGUYN H HUY CNG

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

Tng quan v mng my

tnh

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Ni dung
Lch s pht trin ca mng my tnh
Khi nim mng my tnh
Mng ngang hng, mng da vo phc v
(server)
Phn cng/Phn mm mng
Cc kiu mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Lch s pht trin ca mng my tnh
Vo gia nhng nm 50 nhng th h my tnh u tin
vic nhp liu rt phc tp phi thng qua cc tm ba
m ngi vit chng trnh c l sn.
Thng qua thit b c cc tm ba thng tin c a
vo my tnh.
Cc thit b c ba v my in c th hin nh thit b
I/O ca my tnh
Sau mt thi gian cc my tnh c a vo hot ng
nh my tnh trung tm c th c kt ni vi nhiu
thit b I/O.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Lch s pht trin ca mng my tnh
Cng vi s pht trin ca nhng ng dng trn my tnh
cc phng php nng cao kh nng giao tip vi my tnh
trung tm cng c u t nghin cu rt nhiu.
Vo gia nhng nm 60 mt s nh ch to my tnh
nghin cu thnh cng nhng thit b truy cp t xa ti my
tnh ca h.
Mt trong nhng phng php truy cp t xa c thc
hin thng qua ng dy in thoi v hai thit b x l tn
hiu (Modem).

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Lch s pht trin ca mng my tnh
Vo gia nhng nm 1970, cc thit b u cui s dng nhng
phng php lin kt qua ng cp nm trong mt khu vc
c ra i.
Vi nhng u im t nng cao tc truyn d liu v qua
kt hp kh nng tnh ton ca cc my tnh li vi nhau.
Vo nhng nm 1980 cc h thng ng truyn tc cao
c thit lp Bc M v Chu u.
Vo nm 1974 cng ty IBM gii thiu mt lot cc thit b
u cui c ch to cho lnh vc ngn hng v thng mi,
thng qua cc dy cp mng cc thit b u cui c th truy cp
cng mt lc vo mt my tnh dng chung.
Vi thi i bng n thng tin hin nay, nhiu ni mng
tr thnh mt nhu cu khng th thiu.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Khi nim mng my tnh
nh ngha: Mng my
tnh l mt tp hp cc
my tnh c ni vi
nhau theo mt cu trc
v mt phng tin
truyn thng no
sao cho chng c th
chia s v trao i
thng tin vi nhau.

Mt m hnh lin kt cc my tnh trong mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Khi nim mng my tnh
u im:
S dng chung ti nguyn: nh d liu, phn cng,
phn mm, CPU tit kim chi ph
Tng tin cy ca h thng: Ngi ta c th d
dng bo tr my mc v lu tr (backup) cc d liu
chung
Nng cao cht lng v hiu qu khai thc thng
tin:
Qun l d liu tp trung v ng nht.

Tng cng nng lc x l

Tng cng truy nhp ti cc dch v mng khc

nhau ang c cung cp trn th gii.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Th d - Tit kim chi ph
Phng my ni mng 20 my thc tp cn 20 a cng, phn mm
tng ng.
Nu thng qua my ch (server) c th chia s, dng chung a cng
v phn mm. Cc my trm (khng cn a cng) khi khi ng
thng qua k thut BootROM cho php ti phn mm v dng chung
a cng ca my ch.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
KIN TRC MNG MY TNH

Kin trc mng my tnh th hin cch ni cc my

tnh vi nhau v tp hp cc qui tc, qui c m tt
c cc my tnh tham gia truyn thng trn mng
phi tun theo m bo h thng mng hot
ng tt.
Cch ni cc my tnh, cc thit b ngoi vi, cc
thit b mng trong mt h thng mng c gi l
cu trc hnh hc.
Cn tp hp cc qui tc, qui c truyn thng c
gi l giao thc. Cu trc hnh hc ca mng v
cc giao thc l hai khi nim rt c bn ca mng
my tnh.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu trc hnh hc(Topology)

Mng kiu hnh sao (Star type)

Mng kiu tuyn Bus (Bus type)
Mng kiu vng (Ring type)
Mng kiu cy (Tree type)
Mng kiu li (Mesh type)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
StarTopology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
RingTopology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
BusTopology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
TreeTopology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
MeshTopology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
PHN BIT MNG MY TNH

Phn loi mng theo phng thc kt ni

mng c s dng ch yu trong lin kt
mng.
Phn loi mng theo chc nng.
Phn loi mng my tnh theo vng a l.
Phn loi mng my tnh theo kin trc
mng (tp).

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phn loi Phn loi mng theo chc
nng thc kt ni mng
Phng thc kt ni mng c s dng
ch yu trong lin kt mng: c hai phng
thc ch yu, l im - im v im -
nhiu im.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Phn loi mng theo chc nng
Mng ngang hng/mng server
Trong mng c 2 loi my tnh
Server (my ch-my phc v)
Workstation/client (my trm/my khc)
Server l my cung cp, chia s cc ti nguyn dng
chung trn mng
Workstation l my s dng cc ti nguyn dng chung
trn mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng ngang hng peer to peer
Cn gi l mng workgroup
Cc my trn mng u c vai
tr nh nhau
u im: n gin, d ci
t, chi ph r thch hp vi
mng nh (10 20 my)
Khuyt:
Qun l tp tin km, khng
ng nht (c th tn ti nhiu
phin bn trn nhiu my)
An ton v bo mt km

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng da vo my ch phc v
Dng 1 hay nhiu server chuyn dng.
Qun tr mng:
Qun l chia s cc ti nguyn dng chung trn mng
H thng an ton bo mt
Qun l v phn quyn ngi dng trn mng
Bo tr mng
Cp ti ti khon ngi dng (account) v mt khu truy
cp (password) v phn quyn ngi dng (role) nh cho
php truy cp d liu, ghi d liu, ...
Mng ny cn mt ngi qun tr

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng da vo my ch phc v
u im:
S dng cho mng ln (qun
l nhiu my)
Qun l tp trung ng nht
trn cc server chuyn dng
H thng an ton, bo mt
cao Server
Gim chi ph phn mm
Khuyt im: Single Hub

Kh ci t, qun l (i vi
mng ln) Client computers
Chi ph cao hn do: chi ph

server, ngi qun trQungNam2009,HuyCng

/bo tr
Mt s dng my ch phc v
File server: Chia s cc tp tin dng chung
Application server: Chia s dng chung phn mm
Database server: Chia s dng chung c s d liu
Web server: My ch phc v web
Mail server: My ch phc v gi nhn th in t
Printer server: Chia s my in
Chat server: Cho php nhiu ngi tham gia vo chat nh
Yahoo Messager
My server c th c nhiu chc nng trn

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Phn bit theo v tr a l
Da vo phm vi hot ng ngi ta chia
ra lm 4 kiu mng:
Mng cc b (Local Area Networks LAN)
Mng th bng thng rng (Metro Area
Networks MAN)
Mng din rng (Wide Area Networks
WAN)
Mng ton cu (Global Area Networks- GAN)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng LAN
Telecommuter

L mng c thit lp
lin kt cc my tnh trong Internet

mt khu vc nh trong mt
to nh, mt khu nh. Headquarters

Branch office

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng MAN
L mng th bng thng rng, phm vi hot
ng trong thnh ph, th,... (<100km)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng WAN
L mng c thit lp
lin kt cc my tnh
ca hai hay nhiu khu
vc khc nhau nh gia
cc thnh ph hay cc
tnh, quc gia, chu lc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng GAN
Phm vi hot ng ton cu
Ai cng c th tham gia vo s dng mng ny
Khng c t chc no iu hnh, chu trch nhim v mng ny

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phn loi mng my tnh theo kin
trc mng (tp).
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Bus Topology
Tree Topology
Mesh Topology

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Phn cng/Phn mm mng
thit lp mng cn phi c nhiu thit b phn cng
v phn mm mng.
Phn cng:
Card mng
Cp + u ni
HUB (mng c trn 2 my)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Card mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp v u ni

QungNam2009,HuyCng
HUB

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Phn cng/Phn mm mng
Phn mm mng
Phn mm server
Phn mm client
Phn mm ng dng mng
Phn mm mng c ci t thng qua H iu hnh
mng
Cc loi h iu hnh mng:
Mng server
Unix/Linux
Novel Netware
Win NT/2000/2003
Mng peer-to-peer
Win 98/XP
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

Cc phng tin truyn thng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ni dung
Cc loi phng tin truyn thng
Phng tin hu tuyn
Cp ng
Cp quang
Phng tin v tuyn
Sng v tuyn radio
Viba
Tia hng ngoi
Bluetooth

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Phng tin truyn thng
Phng tin truyn thng l cch thc ni
cc my tnh li vi nhau.
C 2 loi phng tin:
Hu tuyn: dng cp truyn d liu gia cc
my tnh
V tuyn: dng sng truyn d liu gia cc
my tnh (khng dy-wireless)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng tin hu tuyn - Cp ng
Dng dy ng truyn tn hiu dng in
biu din thng tin truyn
Vi d: Quy nh
bit 1 +5V
bit 0 0V
Nhiu: Tn hiu d b nhiu
Phi thit k loi cp c th hn ch nhiu ti
a
C 2 loi cp thng dng
Cp ng trc (coorial cable)
Cp xon i (twist-pair cable)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp ng Cp ng trc
Tn hiu c truyn qua li ng
Cc lp ngoi bo v chng nhiu
C 2 loi: dy (thick), mng (thin)
Tnh hiu truyn xa ti a 500m i vi cp dy
Tnh hiu truyn xa ti a 185m i vi cp mng, nhng chi ph r
hn, d di chuyn
Mun truyn xa hn cn dng thit b repeater khuch
i tnh hiu
Tc truyn ti a 10Mb/s (10 triu bit/1s)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp ng trc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp ng Cp xon i
Dng 2 hoc 4 cp dy xon i
C 2 loi:
STP (Shield twisted pair): c lp v bc bn ngoi chng nhiu tt hn
UTP (Unshield twisted pair): dng trong mi trng bnh thng

STP UTP
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp xon i - UTP
Phn loi cp UTP theo catelogy (CAT)
CAT1: khng truyn data, ch truyn m thanh
CAT2: truyn data, tc 4Mbp/s
CAT3: truyn data, tc 10Mbp/s
CAT4: truyn data, tc 16Mbp/s
CAT5: truyn data, tc 100Mbp/s
Hin nay, cp UTP CAT5 c dng ph bin nht
Tn hiu truyn ti a 100m

Nhn xt:
Cp ng trc truyn xa hn, chng nhiu tt hn
nhng cp xon i li truyn nhanh hn

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp quang-Fiber Optic Cable
Ngi ta dung cc si thy tinh ch to ra cp quang
Dng nh sng truyn d liu
Cp quang dng 2 si, 1 si truyn, 1 si nhn
Cp quang c ni vo mt thit b gi l ODF thit b
ny ni vo thit b Media comverter chuyn tnh hiu
in thnh quang v ngc li
u im:
Khng b nhiu
Tnh hiu truyn xa hn (vi km 100Km)
Tc nhanh hn (1GBps = 1024MBps)
Kh gn thit b nghe trm
Khuyt im
Chi ph cao
Kh ci t, i cp ( ch thch hp lm mng trc chnh)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp quang-Fiber Optic Cable

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng tin v tuyn
Dng sng truyn d liu
Sng radio (Mhz)
Sng viba (Ghz)
Tia hng ngoi (Thz)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Sng radio
Card v tuyn radio = angten + b thu pht sng
Sng radio c pht theo mi hng
Cng sut: Cht lng sng mng hay yu
Tn sut: Tn s sng
Cao: tc nhanh hn, khong cch gn hn
Thp: tc chm hn, khong cch xa hn
u im: Khng cn ni cp
Khuyt im:
D b nhiu
Tc chm hn (ti a khong 16Mbps)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Sng viba Tia hng ngoi
Sng vi ba c tn s cao hn radio
Viba ch pht theo 1 hng Khng vt qua
c vt cn
Tia hng ngoi (infrared) dng trong cc remote
c pht theo 1 hng, ngun pht phi thng
hng ni nhn khng qua c vt cn
Ch hot ng trong 1 phm vi hp (phng)
u im: Khng cn angten nn thng c ng
dng trong cc thit b di ng (laptop, in thoi di
ng)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

Truyn thng gia 2 my ni trc

tip

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Ni dung
Truyn thng khong cch gn
Chun truyn thng RS-232

Cp link COM

Tc truyn Band width

Cc t/c ca h truyn thng

Truyn thng khong cch xa

Sng mang

Modem

K thut truyn Baseband/Broadband

Truyn thng Baseband

Truyn thng Broadband

Khung
Kim sot li
M d li

M sa li

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Truyn thng khong cch gn
Chun truyn thng RS-232
Cp link COM
Tc truyn Band width
Cc tnh cht ca h truyn thng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Chun truyn thng RS-232
Ni qua cng truyn tin ni tip com1/com2 cho php truyn thng
gia PC/PC, PC/Cn vng in t, PC/my in
Truyn thng ni tip bt ng b
Khong cch ti a 50 feet
Dng dng in truyn d liu qua cp link COM, ch s dng 2
mc in th +/- 15V
+15V biu din bit 0
-15V biu din bit 1
Khi dy rnh vn gi mc in th -15V
Mt k t c truyn qua n v truyn SDU (Serial data unit)
Cu trc SDU gm:
1 start bit,8 bit data, 1 parity bit, 1 stop bit
khi u (+15V),biu din m k t, kim li, kt thc(-15V)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Chun truyn thng RS-232
parity bit: bit kim tra chn l, dng kim li k t
truyn c chnh xc hay b li
Kim tra chn (even)
parity bit = 0: tng s bit 1 ca k t l s chn
parity bit = 1: tng s bit 1 ca k t l s l
Kim tra l (odd): ngc li
Kim li: bn nhn tnh li parity bit (da vo 8 bit data) so
snh vi parity bit bn gi
Nu khng khp: k t truyn b li
Nu khp: xem nh khng b li

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Chun truyn thng RS-232
Th d: Truyn k t c ti SDU v v s dng in tng ng.
Gi s dng php kim chn
Gii:
Ti SDU biu din c = 99 = 63 Hex = 01100011
1 parity bit = 0 (v c 4 bit 1)
SDU: 1 start bit, 01100011, 0, 1 stop bit
V s dng in

Nhn xt: parity ch kim

c cc li n gin

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cp link COM
u D9 dng 9 chn
TxD: chn truyn data
RxD: chn nhn data
Gnd: chn t (ground)
DTR, DSR, RTS, CTS, CD,
RI dng xc nh cc tnh
hiu iu khin
Ch cn 3 chn chnh
TxD,RxD,Gnd

C th dng phn mm NC kt ni
2 my tnh qua cng COM theo chun
RS-232

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tc truyn Band width
Tc truyn o theo n v bps (bit per second) xc nh
tn s bit truyn trn 1 giy
1 kbps = 1000 bps
1 Mbps = 1000 kbps
1 Gbps = 1000 mbps
Band width (bng thng/di tn) xc nh tc ti a m
phn cng truyn thng cho php.
Mi h truyn thng c 1 band width xc nh.
Trong thc t tc truyn thng thc s lun thp hn
band width nhiu ln.
Chun RS-232 qua cng COM tc ti a 128 kbps

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc tnh cht ca h truyn thng
Simplex (n cng)
H truyn thng 1 chiu
Ch c th truyn hoc ch c th nhn
Th d: Television broastcast
Half duplex (bn song cng)
H truyn thng 2 chiu
C th truyn v nhn khng ng thi
Th d: khi dng cp ng trc
Full duplex (ton song cng)
H truyn thng 2 chiu
C th truyn v nhn 1 cch ng thi
Th d: khi dng cp COM chun RS-232 l full duplex

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Truyn thng k/c xa sng mang
Truyn thng khong cch xa
s dng tn hiu dao ng
tun hon lin tc hnh Sin
gi l sng mang (carrier)
gi data qua sng mang ta
phi iu ch sng mang
(modulation)
C 3 phng php iu ch
iu bin
iu tn
iu pha

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Sng mang iu bin
Thay i bin iu ch sng
Th d: Quy nh
Bin 2 biu din bit 0
Bin 4 biu din bit 1

+4v
+2v

-2v
-4v

0 1 1 0
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Sng mang iu tn
Thay i tn s iu ch sng mang
Th d:
Tn s 1.0*107 biu din bit 0
Tn s 0.5*107 biu din bit 1

+4v

-4v
0 1 1 0
1.0*107 0.5*107

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Sng mang iu pha
Thay i pha iu ch sng mang
S thay i pha gi l lch pha, mng my tnh thng
dng pp lch pha
Th d:
Lch pha /2 biu din bit 0

Lch pha biu din bit 1

+4v

-4v
0 1 1 0
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Modem (Modulator)
Modem l phn cng c bn truyn thng khong cch
xa
Modem c 2 loi chnh:
Mch iu ch (modulator) chuyn i tn hiu dng in sang sng
mang tng ng.
Mch gii iu ch (demodulator) chuyn i tn hiu sng mang v
dng in tng ng.
C nhiu loi modem:
Modem quang: ni qua cp quang
Modem v tuyn: truyn bng v tuyn
Modem quay s: truyn qua h thng in thoi (ph bin nht)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Hot ng ca modem quay s
Modem quay s c thm mch gi lp in thoi thc
hin cc thao tc sau bng lnh:
Nhc ng nghe
Quay s
Gc my
Modem bt u ch gi: ra lnh nhc ng nghe,
nghe tn hiu in thoi v quay s
Modem nhn ch p, tr li cuc gi; 2 modem
bt u kt ni vi nhau
2 modem trao i thng tin qua sng mang
kt thc truyn thng, modem ra lnh gc my

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 K thut truyn
Baseband/Broadband
Truyn thng baseband (di c s)
1 tn hiu d liu dng ton b bng thng ng truyn
Ti mi thi im ch c 1 my truyn, cc my khc phi i
Truyn thng broadband
Bng thng ng truyn c chia thnh nhiu knh.
Mi knh c th truyn 1 tn hiu khc nhau.
K thut ny cho php nhiu tn hiu c th truyn ng thi qua
ng truyn.
Th d: Bng thng ng truyn 640kbps c th chia thnh 10
knh truyn, mi knh tc 64kbps
Phn cng c th truyn thng broad cast l thit b
Multiplexor (b iu knh) v Demultiplexor (b tch knh)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
K thut truyn
Baseband/Broadband
Phng php dn knh chia tn (FDM): cc tn hiu vi tn s
khc nhau c th dn li thnh 1 tn hiu
Phng php dn knh chia thi (TDM): chia trc thi gian
thnh cc khe thi gian, mi khe to thnh mt knh truyn.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Khung (frame)
Mng my tnh thng cung cp giao din truyn d liu
theo khung
Mt khung cha nhiu byte d liu
Frame Frame data Frame
header tailer

Phn header/tailer cha thng tin iu khin

Phn data: cha d liu cn truyn
Thi gian truyn khung: t = tstartup + ttranfer
tstarup: t/g to khung v chun b truyn kch c khung ti a bao nhiu

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Khung
Khung nh:
Khung cha t byte data
1 ln truyn c t byte
Tn thi gian tstarup v thi gian truyn header/tailer khng hiu qu
Khung qu ln:
1 ln truyn c nhiu byte khung truyn rt lu
i vi mng dng chung ng truyn: 1 my truyn cc my khc
phi i.
Nu khung truyn b li (d sai 1 bit) phi truyn li c khung.
Nn chn khung c kch c trung bnh khong vi Kilobyte

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Khung
Th d: Truyn tp tin c dung lng 123.500 byte trn h
truyn thng tc 64kbps. Tnh thi gian truyn nu s
dng khung kch c ti a 1520byte (1500 byte data, 20byte
header)
Chia tp tin thnh cc khung, ly 123.500/1500 = 82,33...
Chia thnh 82 khung 1500 byte
Chia thnh 1 khung 500byte
1s truyn c 64000bit = 8000 byte
Thi gian truyn tp tin
t = 82(tstarup + 1520/8000) + 1(tstartup + 520/8000)
Mi cng ngh mng c th s dng cc dng khung khc
nhau
Hai my mun truyn thng phi thng nht chung dng

khung QungNam2009,HuyCng
Khung
Th d: 1 dng khung n gin l khung soh/eot dng 2
k t c bit
soh: k t bt u khung
eot: k t kt thc khung
soh data eot

u im: c th kim c mt s li n gin nh li

khung (v d khng nhn c k t eot)
Khuyt: nu k t soh/eot xut hin trong data th khng phn
bit c
Ngi ta dng thm 1 k t c bit gi l esc.
Bn gi thay cc k t trong data: soh esc x, eot esc y, esc esc z
Bn nhn thay th ngc li: esc x soh, esc y eot, esc z esc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Kim sot li
Li truyn thng l hin tng kh trnh trn thc t do
nhiu nguyn nhn: thi tit, ting n, l cho data b truyn
sai
Mng my tnh phi c chc nng kim sot li, nu pht
hin li, phi yu cu bn gi truyn li.
Phng php chung l: dng m kim li
Bn gi: thm vo khung truyn 1 m c bit c tnh theo 1 cng
thc no da vo vng data gi l m kim li
Bn nhn: kim li bng cch tnh li m so snh vi m bn gi
Khng khp: khung truyn bi li
Khp: xem nh khng li
C 2 loi m kim li:
M d li
M sa li QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M d li (error detecting code)
Pht hin c li nhng khng xc nh c v tr li
Parity: php kim tra chn l (dng trong chun RS-232)
hiu qu cha cao ch kim c li 1 bit hay s bit l.
Check sum ( kim tng)
D liu truynn gm 1 dy cc byte d1,d2,dn
Check sum = =i =1
di
Th d: xt d liu gm 5 k t A,B,C,D,E
Check sum = 41 + 42 + 43 + 44 + 45 = 014F (Hex)
To khung soh | 4142434445 | eot | 014F
Bn nhn kim li checksum so vi checksum bn gi xem c b li
khng
Nhn xt: checksum khng kim c tt c cc li
soh | 4142434544 | eot | 014F
Th d bn nhn
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tnh li Checksum = 014F, khp nhng thc cht truyn sai
 CRC (cyclic redundancy check)
Kim kiu d vng
Dng a thc bc n: anxn+ an-1xn-1+ ....+a1x1+ a0
a thc nh phn l a thc c h s 0 hay 1. C tng ng 1-
1 gia a thc nh phn v dy s nh phn
Th d: x5 + x3 + x + 1 101011
Thut ton tnh CRC ca dy m_bit
Dy m_bit ~ a thc nh phn M(x)
Chn 1 a thc nh phn G(x) bc m gi l a thc sinh
Thm n bit 0 vo sau dy m_bit to dy (m+n) bit ~ a thc N(x)
Chia a thc N(x)/G(x) theo module 2 dng php ton xa bit
Phn d l m CRC n_bit

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Th d tnh CRC
Cho dy m_bit 10010110110111 v a thc G(x)=x4 + x + 1
Ta c m=14, n=4, G(x) ~ 10011

Thm n=4 bit 0 vo m_bit 100101101101110000 ~ N(x)

Ly N(x)/G(x) ~ 100101101101110000/10011 ~ 001010

CRC = 1010

Kim li CRC

Bn gi: truyn dy m_bit + CRC

A B X-OR
Bn nhn: kim li 0 0 0
0 1 1
Gi M(x) ~ dy m_bit + CRC bn 1 0 1
gi 1 1 0
T(x) ~ dy m_bit + CRC bn nhn
T(x) = M(x) + E(x)
Nu E(x) = 0: khng c li
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Kim li CRC
Nhn xt:
M(x)/G(x) chn T(x)/G(x) = M(x)/G(x) +E(x)/G(x)
T(x)/G(x)
Chn: khng li
L: c li E(x)/G(x) khc 0 E(x) khc 0 c li
Ta phi chn G(x) sao cho tha E(x)/G(x) = 0 E(x) =0
H qu:
CRC phc thuc vo cch chn a thc sinh
Nu chn G(x) bc 32 php kim li 32 bit kim c 99%
Cc CRC thng c ci t bng phn cng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
M sa li (Error connecting code)
Cho php pht hin v xc nh v tr li
C th sa c li bn gi khng cn truyn li
M hamming: Cho php sa li sai 1 bit
Cho dy m_bit, m hamming l thm vo r_bit kiu parity to
thnh dy (m+r) bit
Cc bit c nh s bt u t 1 m+r
Cc bit m hamming t cc v tr 1,2,4,8,...,2r-1
iu kin r c chn m + r- 2r-1

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Th d tnh m Hamming
Xt dy m_bit vi m=16
1011010110110101
Tnh m Hamming?
Gii:
Vi m=16, theo iu kin m + r b 2r-1 r > 4. Xt r = 5 tha
Ta dng 5 bit parity cc v tr 1,2,4,8,16
Quy nh:
bit 1: kiu parity cc bit {1/3/5/7/9/11/13/15/17/19/21}
bit 2: ---------------------- {2 3/6 7/10 11/14 15/18 19/}
bit 4: ---------------------- {4 5 6 7/12 13 14 15/20 21}
bit 8: ---------------------- {8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15}
bit 16: -------------------- {16 17 18 19 20 21}

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Th d tnh m Hamming
Gi s dng php kim parity chn
Biu din dy (m + r) bit, r bit kiu parity (0/1 v tr

1 2ch 4 5) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
3 n/l
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
bit 1 = 1: v c 7 s 1
bit 2 = 0: v c 6 s 1
bit 4 = 0: v c 6 s 1
bit 8 = 0: v c 4 s 1
bit 16 = 1: v c 3 s 1
M Hamming s gi km m_bit l: 10001
kim li, bn nhn phi tnh li m Hamming

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Th d tnh m Hamming v sa li
Gi s bn nhn nhn c dy m_bit 1011010010110101 v
m Hamming l 10001. Hy kim v sa li.
Gii:
Tng t th d trc ta l lun v sp sp (m+r) bit nh sau
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Tnh m Hamming theo quy nh ( slide 28) v kim chn ta c:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
Suy ra m hamming m bn nhn nhn c l: 10111
Tnh li : 10111 10001. Suy ra sai ti bit 4,8

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Bn nhn kim v sa li
bit 4 sai A = {4,5,6,7/12,13,14,15/20,21} tp bit c th sai
bit 8 sai B = {8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15} tp bit c th sai
Giao A v B C= {12,13,14,15} tp cc bit c th sai
bit 1 ng D = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21} ng
bit 2 ng E = {2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15,18,19} ng
bit 16 ng F = {16,17,18,19,20,21} ng
T tp D,E,F {13,14,15} ng
Kt lun: bit 12 sai
Sa bit 12 t 0 1
Dy m_bit ng: 1011010110110101

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Bi tp
Bi 1: Gi s h truyn thng c tc l 64Kbps v s
dng cu trc khung kch c 1520byte trong gm 20 byte
header v 1500 byte data. Cho tp tin A di 16000 byte. Xc
nh thi gian truyn tp tin bit tstartup=15ms (milisecond)

Bi 2: Cho khung d liu truyn 16 bit dng m sa li

hamming 5bit. Gi s my nhn c dy bit nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Trong 5 bit 1,2,4,8,16 l m hamming

Cho bit khung d liu nhn c b li hay khng? Nu b li hy sa

li

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

Mng LAN

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ni dung
Truyn thng gia nhiu my
Mng im im (point to point)
Mng chia s dng chung ng truyn
Cc m hnh mng LAN
M hnh BUS
M hnh STAR
M hnh RING
Cc m hnh kt hp: BUS BUS, BUS STAR, STAR
STAR.
Hot ng ca mng LAN
LAN card
a ch trm trn LAN
Hot ng ca LAN
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ni dung
Phng php truy cp trn LAN
Phng php CSMA/CD
Phng php truy cp token passing
Cc cng ngh mng LAN
Mng Ethernet
c im
Cc cu hnh Ethernet 10 Base
M ha tnh hiu truyn
Cu trc khung Ethernet
Fast Ethernet 100 Base
Mng Token Ring

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng im im (point to point)
Mi cp my s dng 1 kt
ni khc nhau
3 my 3 kt ni
4 my 6 kt ni
N my N(N-1)/2 kt ni
Nhn xt: Mng im - im
ch thch hp khi N nh

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng chia s dng chung ng truyn
Cc my tnh trn mng c th chia Telecommuter

s dng chung cc kt ni tit

kim c s kt ni Internet

Mng cc b LAN l mng chia s

dng chung ng truyn sao cho Branch office
Headquarters

cc my c th truy cp thng tin

vi nhau trn mng
Phm vi hot ng LAN: vi km,
thch hp vi cc vn phng, cng
ty, trng hc,...

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc m hnh LAN
M hnh LAN xc nh cch thc cc my tnh kt ni li
vi nhau nh th no
C nhiu m hnh:
BUS
STAR
RING
Mesh
Tree (t dng)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M hnh BUS
Cc my c ni vi nhau vo 1 ng truyn chung gi l BUS
Tn hiu c truyn theo 2 hng ca bus tt c cc my u
nhn c tn hiu.
Tn hiu n 2 u bus c th b di li gy nhiu.
Terminator dng hp thu tn hiu khng cho di li
u: d lp t, n gin, t
tn cp.
Khuyt:
Bus t ton b mng t
lit
Kh thm my mi
Kh bo tr cp
Hiu sut mng gim ng k
nu nhiu my s dng mng
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M hnh STAR
Cc my c ni vo 1 hp mc
trung tm gi l HUB
HUB nhn tn hiu t 1 my gi
n truyn tn hiu n tt c
cc my khc
Switch (HUB thng minh): nhn
tn hiu gi n, ch truyn tn
hiu n my cn nhn
u:
D thm/bt my vo mng
D bo tr cp, khi 1 si cp t ch mt my ni vi cp khng s dng
c mng, cc my khc vn vo mng bnh thng
Nu dng Switch hiu sut mng vn m bo nu nhiu my s dng
mng
Khuyt:
HUB h mng t lit
Chi ph cao hn (chi phQungNam2009,HuyCng
cho HUB, nhiu cp hn)
M hnh RING
Cc my ni trc tip vo 1 vng trn
Tn hiu c truyn theo 1 chiu trn vng
C 2 loi vng:
Trc tip
Qua HUB vng
Vng t mng t lit

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Cc m hnh kt hp
BUS BUS: Cc bus ni vi nhau qua thit b cu ni bridge
gim ti trn BUS nu BUS qu nhiu my

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc m hnh kt hp
BUS-STAR

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc m hnh kt hp
STAR-STAR

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Hot ng ca LAN Card mng
Thit b c bn ni mng LAN l
card mng (LAN card)
LAN card c chc nng truyn/nhn d
liu theo khung
Cu trc LAN card:
Chip iu khin: iu khin cc hot
ng trn LAN card
B thu pht
Vng m: b nh nm trong Card
u ni cp
Boot ROM (option)
Ci t LAN card: cu hnh
ng IRQ (015): ng lin lc vi
CPU
I/O port

QungNam2009,HuyCng
a ch trm trn LAN
phn bit cc my tnh trn LAN, mi my c quy
nh 1 a ch duy nht gi l a ch trm
a ch trm trn LAN c quy nh bi phn cng LAN
Card (a ch vt l MAC (Medium Access Control))
C 3 cch quy nh a ch:
a ch tnh: mi LAN Card khi sn xut c gn 1 a ch duy
nht trong phn cng LAN Card
a ch kh cu hnh: mt s LAN Card cho php ngi dng t
quy nh c a ch LAN Card bng phn mm.
a ch ng: gn a ch 1 cch t ng khi khi ng.
Thng thng th dng phng php gn a ch tnh
Ngi ta dng 48 bit biu din a ch LAN Card
C dng XX XX XX XX XX XX v d: 00-0B-5D-55-B5-DB
M nh SX M LAN Card
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Hot ng ca LAN
Mt my mun truyn khung s
km theo a ch ch
Khung c truyn ln mng, tt
c cc my u c th nhn khung.
Tuy nhin ch my c a ch trm
trng vi a ch trm ch mi
nhn khung, cc my khc b qua
khung.
Nu mun truyn nhiu my phi
thm 1 a ch LAN Card c bit
gi l a ch broad cast c dng
FF FF FF FF FF FF cho php khung
gi n tt c cc my trn LAN

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng php truy cp trn LAN
Mng LAN s dng ng truyn chia s dng chung phi c 1
phng php truy cp ng truyn chung cc my khng b xung
t
C nhiu phng php truy cp:
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
Token passing
Token bus
.........

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng php truy cp CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection): phng php ng dy a truy cp vi pht
hin s xung t
Mt my mun truyn, trc tin phi kim tra ng
truyn, nu my rnh th truyn. Ngc li, my tip tc
th cho ti khi rnh v truyn.
C kh nng xy ra trng hp: Nu 2 my cng kim tra
ng truyn, cng thy rnh v cng truyn 2 tn hiu
s va chm gy ra xung t
gii quyt xung t: 1 my khi truyn vn tip tc
kim tra ng truyn nu pht hin xung t th ngng
truyn v i 1 khong thi gian ngu nhin < d, ri tip
tc th li.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng php truy cp CSMA/CD

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng php truy cp CSMA/CD
C th xy ra a xung t. gii quyt a xung t
Xung t ln u: s ngu nhin < d (khong thi gian i)
Xung t ln 2: s ngu nhin < 2d
Xung t ln k: s ngu nhin < kd
Phm vi s ngu nhin cng ln xc sut trng cng
thp, quy nh ti a 16 ln xung t. Nu sau 16 ln vn
xung t b qua khung thng bo li truyn b li.
Cch Chn d:
Gi l tn hiu lan truyn ht ng knh mng
Chn d = 2 l khong thi gia ti a pht hin c xung t

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Phng php truy cp CSMA/CD

Nhn xt
Phng php CSMA/CD ph thuc vo ti mng (s my s dng
mng)
Ti nh: rt hiu qu nhanh do t xung t
Ti nng: hiu qu b gim ng k do cc my d b xung t hn
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 PP truy cp token passing (chuyn th bi)
Phng php ny ch dng trn m hnh vng (ring).
Mt th bi (token) c di chuyn lin tc quanh vng.
Mt my mun truyn phi i token n, gi token v
truyn khung d liu
Khung d liu n my ch, my s sao chp khung vo
my v chuyn khung tr v li my gi ban u
My gi b khung v tr token n my k trn vng
Qu trnh tip tc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
PP truy cp token passing
Nhn xt:
Phng php ny khng b
xung t
So vi phng php
CSMA/CD:
Ti nng: hiu qu hn
Ti nh: khng hiu qu

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc cng ngh mng LAN
C nhiu cng ngh mng LAN
ArcNet (xa nht)
Ethernet (ph bin nht)
Token Ring
FDDI
Apple talk
100 Base any LAN
ATM (mi nht)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng Ethernet
Mng Ethernet c hng Xerox nghin cu vo nhng nm 1970. V
sau cc hng Intel v Digital Equipment v Xerox kt hp a ra chun
Ethernet 10 Base
c im:
S dng m hnh: BUS/STAR kt hp
Cp: xon i, ng trc, quang
K thut truyn: Baseband
Tc : 10Mbps
Dng phng php truy cp CSMA/CD
Cc cu hnh Ethernet 10 Base
Cu hnh 10 Base 5
Cu hnh 10 Base 2
Cu hnh 10 Base T
Cu hnh 10 Base F
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu hnh 10 Base 5
M hnh BUS vi cp ng trc dy (thick)
Mng cho php ti a 5 on BUS. Cc on ni vi nhau
qua bridge
Mi on di ti a 500m, ni ti a 100 my di ti a
2500m, ni ti a 500 my
Cc thit b ni mng
LAN car u AUI (D-15)
B thu pht trn BUS gi la transceiver
Terminator
Cp ni AUI
Cu hnh ny khng ph bin do chi ph cao

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Cu hnh 10 Base 2
M hnh BUS vi cp ng trc mnh (thin)
Mng cho php ti a 5 on BUS, cc on c ni vi
nhau qua bridge
Mi on di ti a 185m, ni ti a 30 my mng di ti
a 925m, ni ti a 150 my
Cc thit b ni mng:
LAN Card u BNC
Terminator
u ni BNC v T_Connector
1 thi gian c dng rt ph bin do chi ph r, d ci t

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu hnh 10 Base T
M hnh STAR vi cp xon i
Khong cch ti a my HUB l 100m
Cc HUB c th kt hp li: BUS-STAR, STAR-STAR
Ti a 1020 my
Cc thit b ni mng:
LAN Card u RJ_45
HUB/Switch
u ni RJ_45

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu hnh 10 Base F
M hnh BUS vi cp quang
Cu hnh ny ch yu ch dng lm trc chnh
(backbone) ni cc mng xa vi nhau, di ti a
2km

QungNam2009,HuyCng
M ha tn hiu truyn
Dng m manchester
Hiu in th:
0V biu din bit 1
-1,5V biu din bit 0

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu trc khung Ethernet
7 byte 1 2/6 2/6 2 01500 046 4

preamble sof dest src len data pad CRC

Trng preamble (7 byte) c dng

101010101010
Dng lm tn hiu ng h (clock) ng b gia my gi v
my nhn
sof (start of frame) c gi tr 10101011 byte bt u khung
dest (2 hay 6 byte): xc nh a ch trm ch (my nhn)
src (2 hay 6 byte): xc nh a ch ngun (my gi)
len (2 byte): xc nh chiu di data tnh theo byte
data: xc nh vng d liu cn truyn
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu trc khung Ethernet
Pad: vng d liu gi
Theo quy nh 1 khung phi cha t nht l 46 byte data ( c th
pht hin xung t)
Nu d liu khng th ta phi thm d liu gi 0 cho 46 byte
CRC: M kim li CRC 32 bit dng a thc sinh
G(x) = x32 + x26 + x23 + x22 + x16 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x2 +
x+1

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Fast Ethernet 100 Base
Ci tin t Ethernet 10 Base Fast Ethernet 100 Base vi
tc 100Mbps.
Cu hnh Fast Ethernet 100 Base nh sau:
100 Base T4: cu hnh STAR vi cp UTP CAT 5, dng 4 cp xon
i (Ethernet 10 Base ch dng 2 cp xon i) khng tng thch
vi Ethernet 10 Base
100 Base TX: cu hnh STAR vi cp UTP CAT 5 ch dng 2 cp
xon i tng thch vi Ethernet 10 Base. y l cu hnh dng
ph bin nht hin nay
100 Base FX: dng cp quang.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng Token Ring
c hng IBM gii thiu vo nm 1984
Dng m hnh Ring vi HUB vng
Cp xon i
Tc 4Mbps, v sau ci tin ln 16Mbps
K thut truyn baseband
S dng phng php truy cp token passing
M ha tn hiu: dng m Manchester vi sai
Bit u
bit 1
bit 0
Cc bit k:
Tn hiu o chiu bit 1
Tn hiu khng o chiu bit 0

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng Token Ring
Cu trc khung token ring phc tp hn Ethernet
C 3 loi:
Token: bt u 2 token
D liu: cha d liu truyn
Lnh: cha cc lnh token ring
Token (3 byte): SD AC ED

Khung d liu / lnh

SD AC FC dest src data Command CRC ED FS

1 1 1 2/6 2/6 4 1 2

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mng Token Ring
SD: byte bt u khung
ED: byte kt thc khung
AC (Access Control): cho bit token hay khung
Dest: a ch ch
Src: a ch ngun
Data/command: cha d liu cn truyn hay lnh
FS (Frame Status): cho bit trng thi frame c thnh
cng hay li
FC: xc nh khung d liu hay khung lnh

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

M hnh phn tng OSI

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Ni dung
Protocol (giao thc)
Giao thc l g?
B giao thc (protocol stack)
M hnh phn tng
Khi nim
Truyn thng gia 2 my theo m hnh phn tng
M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
Tng Physical
Tng Data link
Tng Network
Tng Transport
Tng Session
Tng Presentation
Tng Application
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giao thc l g?
L cc quy tc, quy c hay cc th tc cc my c th giao tip
v truyn thng vi nhau trn mng
2 my mun truyn thng phi s dng cng giao thc
V d: giao thc quy nh
M ha tn hiu
Dng khung
Phng php truy cp
Cc th tc truyn/nhn

QungNam2009,HuyCng
B giao thc (protocol stack)
Vi bi ton truyn thng ln, thng giao thc rt phc
tp.
n gin, bi ton truyn thng ln c phn thnh cc
phn nh v ngi ta thit k giao thc trn tng phn.
Tt c cc giao thc trn tng tng to thnh b giao thc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc b giao thc thng dng
B giao thc IPX/SPX ca hng Novell trn mng Novell
Netware
B giao thc NetBEUI ca hng Microsoft trn mng
Microsoft Network
B giao thc TCP/IP c s dng trn lin mng Internet
(trn h iu hnh Linux)
H iu hnh Window h tr c 3 b giao thc trn
Mt my c th ci t v s dng nhiu b giao thc
ng thi

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M hnh phn tng
L m hnh m t cch thc phn chia bi ton truyn thng
ln thnh cc thnh phn nh, mi phn l 1 tng
Mng c t chc theo cu trc a tng. Tng trn c
xc nh da vo cc tng di tng di s cung cp
cc dch v cho tng trn
Thit k giao thc trn tng tng
B giao thc mng gm cc giao thc trn tng tng
Bi ton truyn thng mng c a v bi ton truyn
thng trn tng tng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
M hnh phn tng
Gi s mng gm N tng, xt hot ng truyn thng
gia 2 my theo m hnh phn tng
My gi My nhn

giao thc tng N

tng N tng N

giao thc tng N-1

tng N-1 tng N-1

giao thc tng i

tng i tng i

giao thc tng 1

tng 1 tng 1

QungNam2009,HuyCng
M hnh phn tng
Ti mi tng c 2 mi quan h theo chiu ngang v dc
Quan h chiu ngang: biu din giao tip gia 2 tng ging nhau
trn 2 my theo giao thc tng tng ng
Quan h chiu dc: biu din giao tip gia 2 tng k nhau trn 1
my
Tng thp nht l tng 1 mi c lin kt vt l, d liu
c truyn tng bit trc tip qua ng truyn vt l
Ti tng N: d liu khng truyn trc tip, d liu ln
lt c a xung cc tng thp hn cho n tng 1 v
truyn qua ng truyn vt l. Bn nhn s nhn d
liu tng 1, d liu s c a ln cc tng trn cho
n tng N
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M hnh phn tng
Biu din thng tin mi tng giao thc
Bn gi: ti mi tng, s t thm thng tin iu khin header/tailer
vo khung d liu biu din tng giao thc tng ng trc khi
a xung tng di
Bn nhn: ngc li, mi tng s ct b thng tin header/tailer
trc khi a ln tng trn
My gi My nhn

data data

tng N data data

tng N-1 data data

tng 1 ... data ... ... data ...

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 M hnh kt ni cc h thng m
(OSI)
Cc mng c m hnh phn tng khc nhau rt kh truyn

thng vi nhau phi chun ha m hnh phn tng

Nm 1974, cc t chc nh t chc tiu chun quc t
(ISO) CCITT, tiu chun ha m hnh phn tng gi l
OSI. OSI
M hnh ny gm 7 tng: Application Layer

Tng 7: application ng dng Presentation Layer

Session Layer
Tng 6: presentation trnh din Transport Layer
Tng 5: session phin (giao dch)
Network Layer
Tng 4: transport vn chuyn
Tng 3: network mng Data Link Layer

Tng 2: data link lin kt d liu Physical Layer

Tng 1: physical vt l
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng vt l (physical)
Cung cp giao thc truyn thng tng bit qua ng truyn
vt l
M ha tn hiu bit v nh thi giao truyn
V d mng ethernet dng m Manchester
Loi phng tin truyn thng
M hnh vt l ca mng (BUS/STAR/RING)
Cc thit b hat ng tng vt l: Repeater, HUB, Brigde
Multiplexor, transceiver,

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Thit b hot ng tng vt l
M hnh lin kt mng ca Repeater (b tip sc)

Hot ng ca b tip sc trong m hnh OSI

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng lin kt d liu (data link)
Cung cp giao thc truyn thng theo khung trong cng 1
mng
M t cu trc khung (v d khung ethernet)
nh ngha a ch trm ca 1 my trn mng
Phng php truy cp mng.
V d mng ethernet dng phng php truy cp CSMA/CD
Mng token ring dng token passing
Kim sot li, lung d liu (v d dng m d li CRC)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng lin kt d liu (data link)
Tng data link cung cp cc dch v truyn thng
Dch v phi lin kt: 2 bn khng cn thit lp kt ni. Dch v
ny nhanh, chi ph thp nhng khng m bo tin cy (do khng
kim sot li v lung nn d liu c th b mt) (nh nhn tin)
Dch v hng lin kt: 2 bn phi thit lp kt ni. Dch v ny
chi ph rt cao v c kim sot li v lung m bo tin cy, d
liu khng b mt
Dch v phi lin kt c bo nhn
Cc thit b hot ng tng data link: LAN card, switch,
bridge

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Thit b hot ng tng lin kt d
liu
Hot ng ca Bridge

Hot ng ca Bridge trong m hnh OSI

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng Network
Cung cp giao thc truyn thng theo gi gia 2 my bt k
trn lin mng (cc my kt ni li vi nhau to thnh 1
mng ln hn)
nh ngha a ch mng ca 1 mng vt l
2 chc nng chnh ca tng Network l tm ng (routing)
v chuyn chng.
Cc giao thc tm ng i ngn nht
RIP (Routing Information Protocol ): dng thut ton vector tnh
khong cch
SPF (shactest path first): dng thut ton th tm ng i ngn
nht ca Dijkstra
Thit b hot ng tng Network l b nh tuyn Router
(thit b kt ni lin mng v c chc nng tm ng
i)
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Thit b hot ng tng mng
Hot ng ca Router

Hot ng ca Router trong m hnh OSI

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng vn chuyn
Tng vn chuyn cung cp cc chc nng cn thit
gia tng mng v cc tng trn.
L tng cao nht c lin quan n cc giao thc trao
i d liu gia cc h thng m.
Tng vn chuyn l tng c s m mt my tnh
ca mng chia s thng tin vi mt my khc.
Tng vn chuyn ng nht mi trm bng mt a ch
duy nht v qun l s kt ni gia cc trm.
Tng vn chuyn cng chia cc gi tin ln thnh cc gi
tin nh hn trc khi gi i. Thng thng tng vn
chuyn nh s cc gi tin v m bo chng chuyn
theo ng th t.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Tng giao dch
Tng giao dch (session layer) thit lp "cc giao dch" gia cc trm
trn mng
Mt giao dch phi c thit lp trc khi d liu c truyn trn
mng
Tng giao dch m bo cho cc giao dch c thit lp v duy tr
theo ng qui nh
Tng giao dch cung cp cho ngi s dng cc chc nng
cn thit qun tr cc giao dch trong ng dng ca h:
iu phi vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng bng cch thit
lp v gii phng cc phin giao dch
Cung cp cc im ng b kim sot vic trao i d liu.
p t cc qui tc cho cc tng tc gia cc ng dng ca ngi
s dng.
Cung cp c ch "ly lt" (nm quyn) trong qu trnh trao i
d liu.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng trnh din
Cung cp cc giao thc biu din v chuyn i d liu
gia cc my trn mng
Nn d liu d liu nh hn truyn nhanh hn
Bn gi: nn
Bn nhn: gii nn
M ha d liu bo mt thng tin
Bn gi: m ha
Bn nhn gii m d liu ban u
V d ngi ta dng p dng c ch m ha SSL tng trnh din
trong giao thc HTTP HTTPs
Chuyn i d liu: trn mng c th gm nhiu my tnh c
th c cu trc khc nhau c th s dng cc dng d liu
khc nhau phi chuyn i d liu gia cc my

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Tng ng dng
Tng ng dng l tng cao nht ca m hnh OSI, n xc
nh giao din gia ngi s dng v mi trng OSI
Cung cp giao thc cho cc dch v v cc ng dng ca
ngi dng trn mng
V d:
Dch v web: s dng giao thc HTTP truyn ni dung trang web
Dch v FTP: s dng giao thc FTP truyn tp tin
Dch v mail s dng giao thc:
SMTP: giao thc gi mail
POP3: giao thc nhn mail

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc giao thc lm vic tng ng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc thit b hot ng tng ng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lung d liu qua cc tng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Gii d liu qua cc tng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Gii d liu i qua cc tng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mng my tnh

MNG TON CU V M hnh TCP/IP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ni dung
Lin mng Mng ton cu GAN
Lin mng
GAN
M HNH TCP/IP
Giao thc IP
a ch IP
Phn lp a ch IP
Cch biu din a ch IP
Cc a ch IP c bit: /c mng, /c broadcast, /c loopback
Bng nh tuyn
Mng con (subnet)
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Lin mng (Internet working)
Gm cc mng vt l c
kt ni vi nhau sao cho
chng c th truyn thng
vi nhau
Phn cng c bn kt
ni lin mng l thit b
nh tuyn Router
Mi mng vt l phi c
quy nh 1 a ch mng duy
nht
V d: lin mng gm 5
mng ni qua 4 Router

QungNam2009,HuyCng
GAN(Internet)
Kt ni tt c cc mng v lin
mng trn ton cu to thnh
mng Internet
Mt mng vt l mun tham gia
vo Internet phi c cp 1 a
ch mng trn Internet
Trung tm iu hnh Internet c
chc nng cp a ch
Ti mi quc gia, c cc cng ty vin thng (ISP Internet Service
Provider) cung cp cc dch v kt ni internet
Vit nam c cc ISP nh: VNN, FPT, Viettel,...

QungNam2009,HuyCng
M HNH TCP/IP
TCP/IP l b giao thc chnh kt ni lin mng v
Internet
ApplicationLayer
PresentationLayer ApplicationLayer
SessionLayer
TransportLayer TransportLayer
NetworkLayer InternetLayer
DataLinkLayer
NetworkAccess
PhysicalLayer
Layer

OSI TCP/IP
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Cu trc TCP/IP

Application
Network Interface
Layer for Applications
TransportLayer
Bgiao Flow/error control
thc
InternetLayer
mng Logical Addressing
NetworkAccess & Routing
Layer Interface with the
NIC
NetworkCard (Network Interface
Card)
QungNam2009,HuyCng
MhnhTCP/IP
TCP/IP c cu trc tng t nh m hnh OSI, tuy
nhin m bo tnh tng thch gia cc mng
v s tin cy ca vic truyn thng tin trn mng,
b giao thc TCP/IP c chia thnh 2 phn ring
bit: giao thc IP s dng cho vic kt ni mng v
giao thc TCP m bo vic truyn d liu mt
cch tin cy.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
SosnhgiaOSIvTCP/IP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp ng dng:
Lp ng dng: Ti mc cao nht ny, ngi s
dng thc hin cc chng trnh ng dng truy
xut n cc dch v hin hu trn TCP/IP Internet.
Mt ng dng tng tc vi mt trong nhng
protocol mc giao vn (transport) gi hoc
nhn d liu. Mi chng trnh ng dng chn mt
kiu giao vn m n cn, c th l mt dy tun t
tng thng ip hoc mt chui cc byte lin tc.
Chng trnh ng dng s gi d liu i di dng
no m n yu cu n lp giao vn.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp giao vn:

Lp giao vn: Nhim v c bn ca lp giao

vn l cung cp phng tin lin lc t mt
chng trnh ng dng ny n mt chng
trnh ng dng khc. Vic thng tin lin lc
thng c gi l end-to-end. Mc
chuyn tr c th iu khin lung thng tin.
N cng c th cung cp s giao vn c
tin cy, bo m d liu n ni m khng
c li v theo ng th t.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp giao vn:
lm c iu , phn mm protocol lp giao
vn cung cp giao thc TCP, trong qu trnh trao
i thng tin ni nhn s gi ngc tr li mt xc
nhn (ACK) v ni gi s truyn li nhng gi d
liu b mt. Tuy nhin trong nhng mi trng
truyn dn tt nh cp quang chng hn th vic xy
ra li l rt nh. Lp giao vn c cung cp mt giao
thc khc l UDP.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp Internet:

Lp Internet: Nhim v c bn ca lp ny
l x l vic lin lc ca cc thit b trn
mng. N nhn c mt yu cu gi gi
d liu t lp cng vi mt nh danh ca
my m gi d liu phi c gi n. N
ng segment vo trong mt packet, in
vo phn u ca packet, sau s dng
cc giao thc nh tuyn chuyn gi tin
n c ch ca n hoc trm k tip.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp Internet:

Khi ti ni nhn s kim tra tnh hp l

ca chng, v s dng tip cc giao thc
nh tuyn x l gi tin. i vi nhng
packet c xc nh thuc cng mng cc
b, phn mm Internet s ct b phn u
ca packet, v chn mt trong cc giao thc
lp chuyn tr thch hp x l chng.
Cui cng, lp Internet gi v nhn cc
thng ip kim sot v s l li ICMP.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp giao tip mng:
Lp giao tip mng: Lp thp nht ca m
hnh TCP/IP chnh l lp giao tip mng, c
trch nhim nhn cc IP datagram v truyn
chng trn mt mng nht nh. Ngi ta li
chia lp giao tip mng thnh 2 lp con l:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Lp giao tip mng:
+Lp vt l: Lp vt l lm vic vi cc thit b
vt l, truyn ti dng bit 0, 1 t ni gi n ni
nhn.

+Lp lin kt d liu: Ti y d liu c t

chc thnh cc khung (frame). Phn u
khung cha a ch v thng tin iu khin,
phn cui khung dnh cho vic pht hin li.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
MhnhTCP/IPvProtocol

QungNam2009,HuyCng
TheProcess/ApplicationLayerProtocols

Dch v ng nhp t xaTELNET

Dch v truyn file FTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network File System (NFS)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
TheProcess/ApplicationLayerProtocols

Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP)
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP)/BootP (Bootstrap Protocol)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
TheInternetLayerProtocols
Internet Protocol (IP)
+ nh dng IP
+ nh tuyn
+ iu khin v x l li
Giao thc bn tin iu khin lin mng (ICMP)
ARP v RARP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
InternetProtocol(IP)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu trc a ch IP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc lp a ch

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc lp a ch

QungNam2009,HuyCng
achBroadcast

QungNam2009,HuyCng
achBroadcast

QungNam2009,HuyCng
achBroadcast

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Vd

QungNam2009,HuyCng
achdngtrongmngLAN

QungNam2009,HuyCng
TheHosttoHostLayerProtocols

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
2 my truyn thng da trn TCP/IP

Application Application

NetworkProtocols NetworkProtocols

NetworkCard/Driver NetworkCard/Driver

Computer1 LAN Computer2

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 HIUHNHMNG

GII THIU WINDOWS v LINUX

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mc tiu ca chng
1. Gii thiu chung v Windows v Linux.

2. So snh Windows v Linux.

1, Yu cu phn cng.
2, Ci t v s dng.
3, Giao din ha.
4, Hiu sut hot ng.
5, tin cy.
6, Vn bo mt.
7, Vn virus v khc phc li.
8, Tng thch phn cng.
9, H tr ngi s dng.
3. Kt Lun.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
I, Gii thiu chung v Windows v Linux
1.1.Windows:
Ln u tin Microsoft gii thiu mt mi trng
iu hnh mang tn Windows (ca s) l vo thng
11 nm 1985 vi nhng tn nng thm vo MS-DOS
giao din hnh tng (Graphical User Interfaces,
GUI)
Windows khi u c pht trin cho nhng my
tnh tng thch vi IBM (da vo kin trc x86 ca
Intel), v ngy nay hu ht mi phin bn ca
Windows u c to ra cho kin trc ny
T n nay Microsofts Windows dn dn chim
u th trong th trng my tnh c nhn trn tan th
gii vi s lng c ci t khong 90% vo nm
2004. Windows l phn mm ngun ng c bn
quyn do cng ty Microsoft gi v kim sot vic
phn phi. V l do ny, Microsoft ang c mt v tr
c quyn trong lnh vc my tnh c nhn. Tt c
cc phin bn h iu hnh gn y caWindows
u da trn s pht trin t phin bn u tin.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
I, Gii thiu chung v Windows v Linux
1.2. Linux:
Linux l tn gi ca mt h iu hnh my tnh v
cng l tn ht nhn ca h iu hnh. N c l l
mt v d ni ting nht ca phn mm t do v
ca vic pht trin m ngun m.
Phin bn Linux u tin do Linus Torvalds vit vo nm 1991, lc
ng cn l mt sinh vin ca i hc Helsinki ti Phn Lan. ng lm
vic mt cch hng say trong vng 3 nm lin tc v cho ra i phin
bn Linux 1.0 vo nm 1994. B phn ch yu ny c pht trin v
tung ra trn th trng di bn quyn GNU General Public License.
Do m bt c ai cng c th ti v xem m ngun ca Linux.
Khi u, Linux c pht trin cho dng vi x l 386, hin ti h
iu hnh ny h tr mt s lng ln cc kin trc vi x l, v
c s dng trong nhiu ng dng khc nhau t my tnh c nhn
cho ti cc siu my tnh v cc thit b nhng nh l cc my in
thoi di ng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 II. So snh gia Windows v Linux

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 1. Yu cu phn cng:
Windows
Windows i hi cu hnh kh cao.
Windows NT4.0 cn ti 12Mb RAM,
70Mb cng. Windows XP i hi ti
thiu 64 Mb Ram, windows 2003 yu
cu ti 128 Mb. Windows Vista Capable
l phin bn mi nht, n i hi cu
hnh my rt cao: partition ti thiu l
15Gb, CPU ti thiu l 800Mb, kh
nng x l ha DirectX9, dung lng
b ci ln ti 2Gb, ( cha trong a
DVD), yu cu my phi c a
DVD.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Linus
Linus t ra rt d tnh, n c th chy
trn nhiu nn tng phn cng khc
nhau, chp nhn c nhng my 386,
486. Linux phin bn 1.x ch i hi
2Mb Ram v 6Mb graphich.
Linux c th chy tt trn nhng b vi
x l nh tch hp trong cc thit b
in t dn dng nh in thoi di
ng. Hin nay, ko di tui th ca
mt s my tnh c, ngi ta chuyn t
dung windows sang dn linux.
 2. Ci t v khi ng:
Windows
Giao din ci t thn thin, chuyn nghip.
Qu trnh ci t kh nhanh.
Cu hnh c la chn trc bi Microsoft
nn ngi dng khng cn quan tm nhiu v
qu trnh ci t
Tr gip v hng dn trong qu trnh ci t
chi tit, chu o.
Hnh nh v m thanh trong ln khi ng u
tin n tng, c chng trnh gii thiu v
windows.
Qu trnh khi ng:
Chng trnh mi ca BIOS tm
n boot sector ca master boot
record.
NTLDR c v chy theo cu hnh
trong boot.ini. NTDETECT kim
tra v pht hin phn cng.
NTLDR np NTOSKRNT.exe v
HAL.ddl.
Chong trnh qun l dch v
SMSS.exe c np. SCREG v
LSASS c np cng winlogon.
Windows sn sng.
Linus
Ci t ln nhiu th mc v phn vng khc
nhau. Cc phn vng c th c thit lp trn
mng.
Cc la chn trong ci t rt phong ph. C
th thm hoc loi b bt k mt thnh phn
no nn qu trnh ci t c th nhanh hay
chm.
C th ci t t xa.
C th ci mt h thng my tnh m cc thnh
phn chnh dng chung, gip cho vic nng cp
d dng.
Qu trnh khi ng:
Chng trnh mi ca BIOS tm
n boot sector ca mater boot
record sau np on chng
trnh cha trong ln b nh.
on chng trnh np file
/etc/lib/lilo/conf, v bit l cn np
nhn t u.
Khi ng chng trnh init.
c file /etc/inittab v chy theo
cc cu hnh thit lp trong file.
Ngi dng c th ng nhp vo
h thng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 3, Giao din ha
Windows
Microsoft lm nn mt cuc cch
mng thc s vi sn phm windows
9x v windows XP. Giao din ha
GUI i vi Linus l ty chn th vi
Windows th l mt phn thit yu.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Linus
Linux cung cp hai ch ha l
GUI v ch dng lnh, mi giao
din c th la chn nhiu kiu th
hin khc nhau. Bn cht c lp ca
Linux khin cho vic iu khin t xa
v qun tr t xa mt h thng Linux
d dng hn so vi windows.
 4, Hiu sut hot ng:
Windows
Windows l mt h iu hnh kh tt
trong cc ng dng ca my tnh
bn, my xch tay. Tuy nhin vi cc
mng ln th n t ra kh khn hoc
khng th lm vic c. S dng
windows trong cc h thng mng,
nhiu khi ngi ta gp bo li m
khng bit nguyn nhn.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Linus
Linux hot ng tt vi nhiu ng
dng, tuy nhin khng c tt lm vi
vic ti d liu ln trn mng. So vi
FreeBSD th hiu sut mng ca Linux
ch khong 20-30% trn cng mt phn
cng. Linux l phn mm m ngun
m nn hiu sut ca n s c ci
thin nhanh chng.
 5, tin cy:

Windows Linus
tin cy km l mt trong nhng hn Linux ni ting v tin cy cao ca n.
ch ln nht ca h iu hnh ny, n gy Nhng sever chy trn nn Linux th rt n
ra rt nhiu kh khn cho ngi s dng. nh, c th hot ng tt trong nhng
Hu nh tt c nhng ngi dng my tnh khong thi gian lu di. Tuy nhin kh
u tng t nht mt ln gp phi nng truy xut cc loi a vt l ca Linux
Blue Screen of Death-mn hnh xanh t l khng ng b v c th gy h hng
thn. H iu hnh ny s dng rt nhiu nhng file h thng nu nh xut hin s
ti nguyn h thng khin cho vic duy tr c. Tuy vy, vi ngi dng ph thng th
s n nh lu di l rt kh khn. So vi Linux l mt s la chn ng tin cy.
Linux th windows t ra u vit hn trong
vic ti d liu.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 6, Vn bo mt:
Windows
Windows cung cp cc ty chn bo
mt rt phong ph, ngoi ra n c
chng trnh ghi nhn, thng k cc
tc v bt hp l. Firewall ca
Microsoft cng l mt tm l chn
kh tin cy so vi cc phn mm
trn th trng.
Microsoft thng cho rng sn
phm ca h an ton v vn bo
mt nhng h khng a ra mt s
m bo no. Windows l phn
mm m ngun ng, ngi dng
khng th xem xt m ngun ca
windows, do khng c cch no
ngi s dng c th t khc
phc nhng l hng bo mt ca
n. Ch c mt nhm chuyn gia ca
Microsoft c th lm cng vic lp
y nhng l hng bo mt ca
windows.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Linus
Tnh bo mt ca Linux c kim
tra v xc nhn bi hng triu ngi
dng v chuyn gia trn ton th gii.
Bi vy, cc l hng bo mt ca
Linux nu c th cng s nhanh
chng c khc phc.
Vic phn quyn cht ch khin
cho vic xa hay ghi m khng c
php tr ln kh khn hn rt nhiu
so vi Windows.
Firewall ca Linus l mt thnh
phn ca h thng, n ni ting l
tin cy.
Tuy nhin, Linus cha c cc
chng trnh thng k, ghi nhn v
pht hin cc tc v khng hp l
mt cch chuyn nghip.
 7, Vn Virus v Khc phc li:
Windows
Windows l h iu hnh ph bin nht th
gii, do n l mc tiu ca hu nh mi
loi hnh tn cng trn mng. Mi phin bn
h iu hnh ra i u hu nh ngay lp
tc c cc virus ph hoi, m vic khc phc
th v cng kh khn.
Microsoft Windows c pht trin bi
nhng nhn vin lp trnh n danh, v nhng
Linux
Virus l mt phn mm do con ngi vit
ln, do nu ni rng Linus l h iu hnh
min nhim virus th hi qu, nhng Linus
thc s c u th hn Windows v t b virus
v hacker tn cng. S lng su( worm) v
Trojan Linus t hn nhiu v gy tc hi
khng ng k so vi windows.
Linus c pht trin bi hng ngn lp trnh

li ca h c che khut khi con mt ca vin, h cng b m ngun mt cch rng ri,
th gii do m ngun ca Windows khng do bt k mt ai quan tm cng c th xem
c cng b rng ri, h cho rng l b xt, bt k mt li g cng c th nhanh chng
mt thng mi mang tnh chin lc. c khc phc.
Vic khc phc li: Vic khc phc li:
Khi gp li, ngi s dng c th tm Khi gp li ngi s dng c th tm

xem c bn sa li th download v, c xem c bn sa li th ti v, c th

th gi thng bo cho Microsoft, m ngh sa li vi tc gi, nu khng
khng th t sa ly. mang li kt qu th c th t sa ly.
Cc li c khc phc thng lu v Cc li c khc phc rt nhanh, c

c khi phi tr tin. khi ch trong vng vi pht sau khi c

Khng th i hng cung cp v ch c thng bo.
Microsoft. C th i hng cung cp Linus nu

Microsoft thng bo rng h c t l mun.

ngi lp trnh/ngi kim tra l 1/1. Mt bn Linus thng c rt nhiu

chuyn gia kim tra trc khi tung ra

QungNam2009,HuyCng th trng.
 8, Tng thch vi phn cng:
Windows
Microsoft c mi quan h rt tt vi
cc nh sn xut phn cng, do
cc h iu hnh Windows ca h
c tch hp sn mt s trnh
iu khin thit b phn cng,
ngi s dng c th mua v v s
dng ngay mt s thit b m khng
cn ci t.
Mc d vn c nhiu xung t trong
vic s dng cc driver vi cc phin
bn khc nhau ca Windows, nhng
ni chung, hu ht ngi s dng c
th truy cp tt cc trnh iu khin
thit b.
Qu trnh ci t cc driver n gin
v nhanh chng. Cc nh cung cp
phn cng thng xuyn nng cp
cc phin bn driver ca h.
QungNam2009,HuyCng
Linus
Linus khng c nh phn phi duy
nht, do cc bn Linus c nhiu
s khc nhau, i khi xung t vi
nhau. iu ny gy kh khn cho
nhng nh sn xut thit b phn
cng v h phi cung cp m ngun
driver cho cc nh pht trin Linus,
m cc nh sn xut th khng sn
lng lm nh vy do vn bn
quyn cng ngh.
Trnh iu khin ca mt s thit b
mi c th khng c hoc mun hn
so vi Windows.
C mt s thit b khng th hot
ng vi Linux.
Cha h tr hon ton cc thit b
flash, USB.
 9, H tr ngi s dng:

Windows
Microsoft a ra nhng dch v h tr cho
sn phm ca mnh, tuy nhin nhng s h
tr mang tnh ch quan v thng khng
kp thi.
Linus
Nhng nh cung cp Linus a ra nhiu
dch v h tr khch hng, v thng min
ph. Xut hin nhiu din n ca cng
ng ngi dng Linus, cng l mt s
h tr ln cho nhng ngi dng Linus.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 III. Kt Lun:
Qua nhng so snh trn ta thy c s vn ln mnh m ca mt h iu hnh mi
thuc h UNIX. C th thy nhng u im ni bt nht ca Linus l tnh bo mt, tin
cy, min ph, v h tr ngi s dng rt tt. Linus nhanh chng khc phc c nhng
hn ch ca mnh v ang tr thnh i th ln ca Windows.
Song song vi vic , Windows, m ng ng sau l tp on Microsoft mnh nht
th gii cng c rt nhiu ci tin nhm ti u ha h iu hnh ca mnh. u im ln
nht ca Windows l s thng nht mang tnh ton cu v tng thch gia h iu hnh
vi cc thit b phn cng rt tt.
S cn l qu sm cho rng Linus c th thay th c cho Windows trong mt
tng lai gn. Microsoft c nhng l do Windows ca h vn l h iu hnh thng
dng nht.
Cuc cnh tranh pht trin h iu hnh s cn tip tc trong thi gian sp ti, v
bit u, n mt lc no s c s gp g thn mt gia Windows v Linus?

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 OperatingSystemsNetwork
Properties Com- GUI Multi- Multi- Multi- Net- Server Real-
mand user tasking processing work time
OS
MS-DOS X

Windows 9x X X X X

Windows NT/2000/XP X X X X X X

Windows NT/2000 X X X X X X X
Server
Unix X X X X X X X

Linux X X X X X X X

Sun Solaris X X X X X X X

Mac OS X X X X X X

Real-Time OS X
QungNam2009,HuyCng
 H IU HNH MNG

Ci t Windows XP v
thit lp mng ngang hng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Mcch:
Mc ch ca chng ny nhm gii thiu chi tit
cc bc ci t h iu hnh Microsoft Windows
2000 Professional t cc my tnh c phin bn
thp hn v mi t CDROM, thit lp cu hnh
mng TCP/IP ri kim tra mng mc tng vt l.
T y ta xy dng mng con. Thit lp, qun l ti
khon ngi dng v nhm ngi dng; ri qun l
chia s ti nguyn trn mng nh: tp tin, th mc,
my in,

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Yucuvhthng
CPU - Pentium 133MHz hoc b vi x l cao hn (hay tng
ng).
- Windows XP h tr trn 2 b vi x l.

B nh (Memory) - Ti thiu 64 MB
- Ti a 4 GB.

Mn hnh hin th - Mn hnh c phn gii VGA (Video graphics array)

hoc cao hn.

Thit b ph tr - Bn phm v chut hay cc thit b tr khc.

Nu ci t bng - CD-ROM t 12x tr ln.

CD-ROM

Nu c ci t mng - Mt hoc nhiu card mng, driver ca card mng

tng ng v cc dy cable c lin quan.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Yucuphnvng(partition)
NTFS l h thng tp tin c ngh s dng cho Windows
2000 v XP. S dng NTFS c cc u im sau y:
- Bo v tp tin v th mc: NTFS cho php kim sot v truy
cp nhng tp tin v th mc.
- Nn d liu: NTFS t ng nn d liu to khong trng cho
vic lu tr.
- Qun l hn ngch a: NTFS cho php kim sot vic s
dng a ca tng ngi dng (user). - M ho d liu: NTFS
cho php m ho d liu.
- FAT v FAT 32 cng c th c s dng trong Windows 2000
nhng FAT khng h tr partition c kch thc ln hn 2GB v
chng khng bng so vi h thng NTFS. Tuy nhin nn dng
FAT v FAT 32 nu cn cu hnh h thng khi ng c chn
la gia h thng Win9x v Win2000.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Yucuthchnh

Thc hnh s dng chc nng My

Network Places duyt cc my tnh
trong mng.
Thc hnh cu hnh mng ngang hng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Xy dng mng con
Mc tiu ca vic xy dng mng con
Kim tra thng mng qua cc lnh c
bn: ping, ipconfig

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Thit lp v qun l ti khon ngi dng v nhm cc b
Gii thiu
Ch bo mt trong Windows da trn khi nim ti khon
ngi dng (user account). Ti khon ngi dng gm mt cp:
username (tn truy cp), v password (mt khu) l giy chng
nhn hp php ca ring ngi dng, cho php ngi ny c th
truy nhp ti nguyn cc b (local) hoc ti nguyn vng
(domain).

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc loi ti khon ngi dng

Ti khon M t

1.Ti khon do ngi s Cho php ngi s dng ng nhp my tnh cc b hoc
dng to ng nhp vng vi quyn truy cp cho php.

2. Guest c dng cung cp kh nng ng nhp v truy cp ti

nguyn trn my tnh cc b cho nhng ngi dng khng
thng xuyn.

3.Administrators c dng qun l ti nguyn v cu hnh ton th ca

my tnh v ca vng. Ti khon Administrator c dng khi
thi hnh nhng tc v qun tr.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc loi ti khon ngi dng
Tu chn M t

User Must Change Password at Next Logon Cho php user thay i mt m ca mnh vo ln ng nhp vo mng
(Mc nh c chn) u tin. iu ny m bo user l ngi duy nht bit mt khu ca
mnh.

User Cannot Change Password User khng th thay i mt m ny. V d c mt user dng chung cho
nhiu ngi.

Password Never Expires Mt khu khng bao gi thay i. Khi chn ty chn ny th ty chn
User Must Change Password at Next Logon m i

Account Disables Tm ngng quyn s dng ca user.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc loi ti khon ngi dng
Administrators L nhm c quyn lc ln nht. Bi v, nhm Administrators c y quyn iu
khin trn ton mi trng Windows, cho nn bn cn phi thn trng khi thm vo
nhng user trong group ny. Trong nhng trng hp sau, tht l cn thit s
dng nhm Administrators:
To ra nhng user qun tr khc.
Chnh sa hay hy user.
Qun l nhng thnh vin trong nhng group xy dng sn. Kha nhng my trm,

khng quan tm n ngi kho chng.

Format a cng.
Nng cp h iu hnh.
Backup v phc hi nhng tp v th mc.
Thay i nhng chnh sch an ton.
Kt ni qun tr ti nguyn chia s.

Users Mc nh, nhng user mi to s l thnh vin ca group ny. Users c th thi hnh
nhng tc v sau:
Chy nhng ng dng.
Qun l nhng tp v th mc ca mnh (nhng khng chia s chng).
S dng my in (nhng khng chia s chng).
Kt ni n nhng th mc v my in ca nhng my tnh khc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc loi ti khon ngi dng
Guests Thi hnh nhng tc v h c cp quyn thi hnh, v truy cp nhng ti nguyn
h c cp php truy cp. Thnh vin ca nhm Guests khng th thc nhng
thay i vnh vin cho mi trng cc b ca h. Mc nh, ti khon Guest cc b
l thnh vin ca nhm Guests.

Backup Operators Mc ch duy nht l backup file, th mc v phc hi li chng sau . Khng c
thnh vin mc nh.

Replicator Nhm c bit ny c s dng bi dch v Directory Replication.

Print operators C nhim v to, qun l v hy nhng ti nguyn v in n.

Server Operators Dng qun tr primary v backup domain controller. Nhng user trong nhm ny c
th logon vo v shutdown server, kha v m kha server, thay i thi gian h
thng, backup v phc hi file, v qun l nhng ti nguyn chia s trn mng.

Account Operators Nhng thnh vin trong nhm ny c kh nng to, hy v chnh sa users ngoi tr
nhm Server Operators v Administrators.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Thc hnh chia s ti nguyn

Chia s ti nguyn trong mng Workgroup

Chia s my in (print).
Truyn thng ip (message)
Hi tho (Meeting)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 H IU HNH MNG

Qun tr Windows XP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
1. Cch thc lm vic ca Registry
1. Gii thiu:
Registry l mt database (c s d liu) dng
lu tr thng s k thut ca Windows m n cho
php bn lm 3 chc nng c bn l:
thm/xa/sa. V nhng thao tc u nh
hng n windows. Trong Windows 2k, n c
lu vo th mc C:\Windows\System32\Config

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
2 Cu trc ca Registry:
Registry c cu trc kiu cy th mc vi 5 nhnh chnh (thng
thng l 5) v nhiu nhnh con (hay cn gi l key) cha cc
thng tin khc nhau ty vo tng nhnh. Cc nhnh chnh gm
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Lu nhng thng tin dng chung cho
ton b h thng.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Lu nhng thng tin cho ngi dng
ang Logon
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Lu nhng thng tin v h thng,
phn cng, phn mm.
HKEY_USERS: Lu nhng thng tin ca tt c cc User, mi
user l mt nhnh vi tn l s ID ca user
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: Lu thng tin v phn cng hin ti
ang dng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

3. Cc kiu d liu :
-REG_BINARY: Kiu nh phn
-REG_DWORD: Kiu Double Word
-REG_EXPAND_SZ: Kiu chui m rng
c bit. VD: %SystemRoot%
-REG_MULTI_SZ: Kiu chui c bit
-REG_SZ: Kiu chui chun

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
4.Lm vic vi Registry:
a.Giao din Registry:
b.Cc chc nng chnh: (trn thanh menu bar) y ch gii thiu
vi cc bn cc chc nng thng xuyn sd
-File > Import : dng import 1 kho hay 1 nhm cc kha
registry vi dng file c ui m rng xxx.reg. ng dng trong
trng hp ny l thc thi 1 file registry c vit sn thay v nh
trc tip vo (s ni phn tip theo) hay backup li registry
-File > Export : dng xut ra 1 kho hay 1 nhm cc kho
thng vi 2 nh dng xxx.reg hoc xxx.txt. ng dng trong
trng hp ny l sao lu Registry khi cn thit c th backup
tr li
EX: sao lu 1 nhnh Registry hoc c registry

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
Cc chc nng chnh: (trn thanh menu bar) y ch gii thiu vi cc
bn cc chc nng thng xuyn s dng
-File > Import : dng import 1 kho hay 1 nhm cc kha registry
vi dng file c ui m rng xxx.reg. ng dng trong trng hp ny l
thc thi 1 file registry c vit sn thay v nh trc tip vo (s ni
phn tip theo) hay backup li registry
-File > Export : dng xut ra 1 kho hay 1 nhm cc kho thng
vi 2 nh dng xxx.reg hoc xxx.txt. ng dng trong trng hp ny l
sao lu Registry khi cn thit c th backup tr li
EX: sao lu 1 nhnh Registry hoc c registry
-Edit > Find: ci ny th chc bn no cng bit nn mnh s b wa
-Edit > Permissions, cho fp phn quyn theo nhm hoc user, bn c
th lm theo hnh sau:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
Dng Group policy trong Windows qun l Registry:
Nh vy trong phn 1 bn c th bit cch lm vic ca 1 registry ri
phi ko? Tuy nhin, trong ng dng thc t, vic nh ht tt c cc t
kho th ko th no nh ni. V d, bn mun tt 1 ci nt search
trong start menu cm ngi l tm kim ti liu ca bn hay mun
cm truy xut n 1 a nhy cm m bn mun s dng ring hoc
l bn tt i registry trnh mi ngi vo ph my bn th nh ht
cc kho ng l ht sc kh khn. Rt may l c nhiu soft to
sn v bn c th lm u ny ch vi 1 ci click chut (c rt nhiu trn
Net). Trong bi vit ny mnh xin gii thiu v Group Policy Edit c sn
trong Windows lm cc cng vic . Ni dung:
-Cch thc lm vic ca Group Policy
-Mt s ng dng c th

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
Cch thc lm vic ca Group Policy : -Khi ng Group
Policy Edit : bn c th khi ng t run v g: gpedit.msc. Tuy
nhin, ring vi Win XP Home s ko c file ny, do bn cn
phi chp t my khc qua. ng dn cha file gpedit.msc
trong cc windows khc l : C:\windows\system32\gpedit.msc
-Giao din: tng t nh registry, giao din ca n thuc dng
cy th mc bao gm 2 nhnh chnh v cc nhnh con. Mi
nhnh con khi c enable l ng ngha vi 1 kho trong
registry thc thi.
EX : Khi bn mun cm truy xut 1 partition th khi bn lm trong
gpedit th registry s pht sinh 1 kho mi thc thi hnh ng bn
lm. Xem hnh nh minh ho

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP
Cch thc thc hin: v d trn, gi s khi bn cm truy xut n
C th bn click chut vo n a bn n ca s thnh phn ca hnh
ng . y, c 3 t kho quan trong m mnh mun nhc n l:
Not Config, Enable v Disable
+Not Config: Khi bn chn Not config l Registry s gi nguyn trng
thi ban u ca n
+Enable: Thc thi hnh ng trong gpedit v Registry s pht sinh 1
kho mi thc thi
+Disable: Cm ko cho php thc thi hnh ng . Mi nhn th bn thy
rt ging Not Config nhng thc ra bn cn phn bit s nhau gi nhau
gia chng. l khi bn Not Config th hnh ng trc vn cn, v
khi Disable th n s mt hn lun hnh ng trc.
EX: Ban u bn cm truy xut a C trong registry. Nu bn chn Not
Config th vic cm truy xut vn thc hin, cn nu bn chn
Disable l n s mt i hnh ng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

Mt s ng dng c th : y c rt
nhiu hnh ng bn chn, mnh ch ly
v d in hnh cc bn c th ly mu
lm cho nhng ci khc
Ex1: X l cc component trong windows.
C rt nhiu cc hnh ng y ch ly 1
Ex v vic cm truy xut a D (hoc cc
a khc ty bn chn)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

Ex2: X l trong Start Menu v taskbar.

Mt ngy bun no bn chn mun b
lun ci nt Turn off cht tit th c th lm
nh sau:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

Ex3: X l trong Desktop. Loi b property

ca Recycle Bin

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

Ex4: X l Control Pannel. Cm truy xut

add/remove program

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

Ex5: X l trong system. Lock registry, lock

task manager, Lock registry

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsXP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 H IU HNH MNG

Ci t HH Windows Server 2003 &

DHCP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003

Hng dn chi tit ci t mi Windows

2003 Server cng nh nng cp ln t cc
phin bn c hn. Cng trong chng ny
bn s thc hnh ci t cu hnh TCP/IP v
cc lnh c bn kim tra mng. Cui
cng hng dn bn thc hnh duyt qua
cc my trong mng s dng My Network
Places.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003

Trong m hnh mng bn c th chn ci t

HH Windows 2000 Server hoc Windows
Server 2003 cho my ch v Windows 2000
hoc Windows XP cho my khch. Vic
quyt nh chn HH no ci t tu theo
iu kin thc t ca bn, cn cc bc
thc hin th v c bn khng khc nhau
nhiu lm.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
CHUN B
Trong m hnh ny ti chn ci t HH Windows
Server 2003 v Windows XP. Trc khi bt tay vo
vic bn cn chun b :
2 my tnh c cu hnh ph hp, mt lm my ch
v mt lm my trm c ni mng vi nhau.
02 b a ci t cho 02 HH ny. Bn c th lin
h vi vn phng Microsoft Vit Nam c cung
cp phin bn chnh thc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
TRNH T THC HIN
Trong m hnh ny, chng ti chn ci t HH Windows Server
2003 cho my ch v Windows XP cho my khch. Trc khi bt
tay vo vic bn cn chun b:
2 my tnh c cu hnh ph hp ( nu trong Phn 1), mt lm
my ch v mt lm my trm c ni mng vi nhau.
02 b a ci t cho 02 HH ny. Bn lin h vi vn phng
Microsoft Vit Nam hoc cc nh phn phi y quyn mua
bn quyn.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Trnh t thc hin ci t mng nh sau:
My ch
Ci t HH Windows Server 2003
Ci t dch v DHCP
My trm
Ci t HH Windows XP
Ci t cc ng dng (tu theo nhu cu s
dng ca bn)

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
Cc yu cu chun b trc khi ci t
Yu cu cho my ci t Windows2000 Server
dng cho mc ch thc tp th ch cn l my
Pentium III, tc 1.2 GHz, RAM 256, cng cn
trng khong 2 GB l . Trong thc t s dng
cn nhng my tnh chuyn nghip c th hot
ng 24/24 gi mi ngy, c kh nng thay a
cng khi ang hot ng v y tin ch sao
chp d phng d liu.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
nh dng h thng
Nu bn ci t Win2kServer ln mt phn cha nh dng ca
a, bn s c yu cu chn loi h thng nh dng.
Windows 2000 h tr cc loi nh dng h thng bao gm
NTFS v FAT .
NTFS
NTFS l loi nh dng h thng c h tr bi Windows2000
v WindowsNT. N c tt c cc tnh nng ca FAT, cng thm
cc tnh nng khc nh security, compression v kh nng m
rng partition. Version mi nht ca NTFS l NTFS 5.0 c
cung cp km vi cc CD ci t Windows 2000.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
FAT16 and FAT32
FAT16 v FAT32 l loi nh dng h thng trn Windows 9x. N
khng c nhng tnh nng m NTFS h tr, tuy nhin nu bn
mun partition ca bn c nhn thy bi cc h iu hnh
khc ngoi Windows2000 v WindowsNT th bn phi nh dng
a theo FAT.
Mt vi im lu
Bn c th s dng mt partition tn ti hay khi to mt
partition mi khi ci t h iu hnh.
Bn c th chuyn mt partition nh dng FAT sang NTFS,
nhng khng th chuyn ngc li.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
WindowsServer2003
Bn c th nh dng li cho mt partition ang tn
ti theo dng FAT hay NTFS, nhng tt c cc
thng tin trn s mt.
Bn nn chn FAT nu bn mun c ci t h
iu hnh kp gm Windows 2000 v Window9x
trn cng mt my tnh.
Bn nn chn NTFS nu bn ci t Windows
2000 Server s dng cc im u vit ca
NTFS.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
1.CiHHWindowsSever2003

Thit lp trong BIOS Setup my tnh khi ng

u tin t CDROM. a a ci t Windows
Servrer 2003 vo CDROM, cho my tnh khi
ng li, my tnh s t ng khi ng chng
trnh ci t t a ci t trong CDROM.
Giai on 01:
Chng trnh ci t kim tra cu hnh my tnh v
bt u ci t HH ch tex (tex mode):

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:
Chng trnh ci t ln lt
np chng trnh thc thi, cc
phn mm h tr, cc trnh
iu khin thit b, cc tp tin
chng trnh ci t.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:
Ca s la chn ci
t: Nhn Enter ci
t Windows, R sa
cha phin bn ci
t, F3 hy b vic
ci t.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:

Chn khng gian a

ci t: Ti hp sng,
nhn Enter chn
ton b vng a hoc
nhn C chia vng
a ny thnh nhiu
phn vng nh hn.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:

Chng trnh ci t
ang nh dng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:

Mt phn vng mi
c to v i hi
phi c nh dng.
Chn mc th 3
nh dng s dng h
thng file NTFS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 01:

Sau khi nh dng

xong, chng trnh
kim tra li vt l
cng v chp cc tp
tin cn thit vo cng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
1.CiHHWindowsSever2003

Giai on 02: Chng trnh s bt u

tin trnh ci t di giao din ha,
giai on ny ta ln lt i theo cc bc
hng dn v cung cp thm vi thng tin
cn thit cho trnh ci t

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 02:

Bn cn phi mua bn
quyn c cp
mt dy s ring v
nhp vo cc trong
mc Product Key.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 02:

Tu theo bn quyn
bn mua ch no
m bn khai bo mc
Per server hay Per
Device or Per User
tng ng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 02:

t tn cho my tnh v
khai bomt khu cho
ti khon qun tr cao
nht Administrator

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 02:

Khai bo thi gian v

la chn mi gi chnh
xc

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Giai on 02:
Ci t cc thnh phn
mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Chn kiu thit lp cu
hnh bng tay

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Khai bo a ch IP cho
card mng

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Mc nh xem my tnh
ny nh mt thnh vin
ca workgroup c tn
l WORKGROUP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Ci t cc dch v
Web

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Hon tt qu trnh ci
t v khi ng my

QungNam2009,HuyCng
2. Ci t v cu hnh dch v DHCP

Ci t: Cc my khch s nhn a ch IP
mt cch t ng t dch v cp pht a ch
ng DHCP. Dch v ny c ci t trn
my ch nh sau:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Trong Contral Panel, nhn

p biu tng Add or
Remove Programs. Trong
ca s va m, chn mc
Add/Remove Windows
Components. Ca s
Windows Components
Wizard xut hin.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

a hp sng n mc
Network Services v
nhn nt Details lm
xut hin ca s Network
Services. Trong ca s
ny nh du chn vo
mc Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) v nhn OK.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
.DHCP

Tin trnh ci t s
din ra cho n khi bn
nhn Finish hon
tt

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Cu hnh: dch v DHCP c th cp pht

c a ch IP chng ta cn cu hnh v
kch hot dch v ny.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

u tin cn to ra mt
dy a ch cn cp
pht (scope): Chn tn
my (daotao
[172.16.100.1]), sau
m menu Action v
chn New Scope.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Xc nh a ch IP bt
u (Start IP adress:
172.16.100.10) v kt
thc (End IP adress:
172.16.100.50) ca
scope

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Loi tr ra mt vng
a ch IP khng cp
pht.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Xc nh thi hn s
dng a ch IP m
my khch nhn t
dich v DHCP

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Ti y bn c th cu
hnh thm cc thng s
cp pht cho my
khch cng vi a ch
IP; hoc chn No
cu hnh sau.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

Cui cng, ca s
thng bo hon thnh
xut hin, nhc nh
bn cn phi kch hot
scope va to. Nhn
Finish

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DHCP

kch hot scope

va to, chn vo mc
c tn scope (Scope
[172.16.0.0] Boot Rom).
Sau m menu
Action v chn Active.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
H IU HNH MNG

Ci t v qun tr WINDOWS 2003

Domain Controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DomainController
Mc ch ca chng ny nhm gii thiu
v DNS (Domain Name System) dch v t
chc cc my tnh thnh vng c cu trc
phn cp v AD (Active Directory) dch v
th mc cho php qun l ti nguyn mng
hiu qu.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Dch v tn min DNS

Gii thiu DNS

DNS (Domain Name System) l gii php
dng tn thay cho a ch IP kh nh khi s
dng cc dch v trn mng. V d tn min
www.cisco.com vi www l tn nh danh
cho my tnh, cisco l tn nh danh cho t
chc, cn com l tn nh danh cho vng
cp cao nht cn gi l vng gc (root
domain).

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

i vi Internet, vng gc c cc tn nh
danh nh com, edu, gov, net, ... c s
dng trong cc tn min cp pht ti M,
cn cc nc khc vng gc c tn nh
danh c to bi hai ch ci vit tt ca
tn nc nh VN (cho Vit Nam), JP (cho
Nht Bn). Trong mng ni b khng buc
phi tun th theo cu trc tn min quc t
nn vng gc c th ly ngay tn nh danh
l com, edu, gov, net,...

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Ci t my phc v DNS
C th lp cu hnh my phc v Microsoft
Windows 2000 bt k lm my phc v DNS. Bn
loi my phc v DNS kh dng gm:
My phc v chnh tch hp Active Directory: My
phc v chnh c tch hp hon ton vi Active
Directory. Ton b d liu DNS c lu trc tip
vo Active Directory.
My phc v chnh: My phc v DNS chnh dnh
cho vng, c tch hp mt phn vi Active
Directory.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

My phc v d phng: My phc v DNS cung

cp dch v sao lu cho vng. My ny lu gi bn
sao ca mu tin DNS thu c t my phc v
chnh v cp nht da vo c tnh chuyn khu
vc.
My phc v ch chuyn tip: My phc v lu tm
thng tin DNS sau khi d thy v lun chuyn tip
yu cu n my phc v khc. Nhng my ny
lu gi thng tin DNS cho n khi thng tin c
cp nht hay ht hn dng, hoc n lc my phc
v ti khi ng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Trng hp bn ang lm vic vi my phc

v thnh vin thay v my iu khin vng,
hay l bn cha ci DNS, hy thc hin theo
cc bc sau ci DNS:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Nhp Start chn SettingControl Panel.

Trong Control Panel, nhn p
Add/Remove Program. Nhn tip
Add/Remove Windows Components.
Nhp Components khi ng Windows
Components Wizard, nhp Next.
Di Components, nhp Networking
Services, nhp tip Details.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cu hnh dch v DNS

Vng no cng phi c my phc v DNS chnh, c

th tch hp vi Active Directory hay vn hnh nh
my phc v chnh thng thng. My phc v
chnh phi c khu vc d xui v khu vc d ngc
thch hp. Khu vc d xui (forward lookup zone)
gip phn gii tn vng thnh a ch IP. Khu vc
d ngc (reserve loOKup zone) rt cn thit vi
tc v ph chun cc yu cu DNS bng cch
phn gii a ch IP thnh tn vng hay tn my
ch. Khi ci t DNS server trn my phc v,
bn c th lp cu hnh my phc v chnh theo
tin trnh sau:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Bc 1: M Console: Nhp
StartProgramsAdminitratives ToolsDNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Bc 2: Gi s my phc v cn lp cu hnh
khng c tn trong danh sch khung bn tri,
bn phi ni kt vi n. Nhp nt phi chut vo
DNS bn khung tri, chn Conect to Computer.
Thc hin mt trong hai vic di y:
Nu ang ni kt vi my phc v cc b, chn
This computer ri nhp OK.
Trng hp c ni kt vi my phc v xa,
chn The Following Computer ri g tn hay a
ch IP ca my phc v, nhp OK.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Bc 3: My phc v DNS gi c trong

khung danh sch ca Console DNS. Nhp
nt phi chut vo mc nhp mi, chn New
Zone t menu tt khi ng New Zone
Wizard, nhp Next.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Bc 4: Trong New Zone Wizard, chn

Active Directory Intergrated, nu khng chn
Standard Primary v nhp Next

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Bc 5: Chn Forward Lookup Zone, nhp

Next.
Bc 6: G tn DNS hon chnh cho khu
vc, tn khu vc gip xc nh my phc v
hay khu vc trong cu trc vng Active
Drectory. Ly v d trng hp ang thit lp
my phc v chnh cho trong cu trc vng
cisco.com, bn phi g tn vng l
cisco.com.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

Bc 7: Nhp Next, v cui cng nhp

Finish hon tt tin trnh, khu vc mi c
b sung vo my phc v v cc mu tin
DNS s t ng c to thnh. Mt my
phc v DNS s c kh nng cung cp dch
v cho nhiu vng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Thit lp my DNS d phng

My phc v d phng cung cp dch v DNS d

phng trn mng.V my phc v d phng cung
cp khu vc d xui cho hu ht cc loi, nn khu
vc d ngc c khi khng cn thit. Nhng khu
vc d ngc li v cng quan trng cho my phc
v chnh bi vy nht thit phi thit lp chng
c ch phn gii tn vng vn hnh thch hp.
Mun thit lp c ch d phng sao lu v cn
bng ti, ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

+ Bc 1: M Console DNS v ni kt vi
my phc v cn lp cu hnh .
+ Bc 2: Nhp nt phi chut vo mc
nhp ng vi my phc v, chn New
Zone khi ng New Zone Wizard, nhp
Next.
+ Bc 3: Trong hp thoi Zone Type.
Chn Standard Secondary, nhp Next

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 + Bc 4: My phc v d phng c th s dng
tp tin khu vc c d xui ln d ngc. Do s
thit lp khu vc d xui trc, chn Forward
LoOKup Zone, nhp Next.
+ Bc 5: G tn cho tp tin khu vc, nhp Next.
+ Bc 6: My phc v d phng s phi sao chp
tp tin khu vc t my phc v chnh. G a ch IP
ca my phc v chnh trong khu vc, nhp Next,
cui cng nhp Finish.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Thit lp my phc v khu vc d ngc

Khu vc d xui (Forward Lookup Zone)

dng phn gii tn vng thnh a ch IP.
Khu vc d ngc (Reverse Lookup Zone)
dng phn gii a ch IP thnh tn vng.
Mi mng phi c mt khu vc d ngc v
d nh ta chia mng thnh 3 mng con
192.168.10.0, 192.168.11.0 v 192.168.12.0
nht thit phi c c ba khu vc d ngc.
Cch thit lp khu vc d ngc:

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

+ Bc 1: M Console DNS v ni kt vi my phc v

cn lp cu hnh.
+ Bc 2: Nhp nt phi chut vo mc cn lp cu
hnh ng vi my phc v, chn New Zone khi ng
New Zone Wizard, nhp Next.
+ Bc 3: Chn Active Drectory-Intergrated, Standard
Primary hay Secondary da trn loi my phc v
ang lm vic.
+ Bc 4: Chn Reverse Lookup Zone, nhp Next
+ Bc 5: G s nhn din mng (Net ID) v mt n
mng con (subnet mask) cho khu vc d ngc. Cc
gi tr va g vo s hnh thnh tn mc nh cho khu
vc d ngc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
DNS

+ Bc 6: Nu ang lp cu hnh my phc v

chnh hay my phc v d phng thng thng
(Standard), bn phi nh r tn tp tin c s d
liu DNS ca khu vc. Tn mc nh cho tp tin c
s d liu DNS ca khu vc s c t ng in
pht sinh, khi c th s dng ngay hoc sa i.
+ Bc 7: Trng hp ang lp cu hnh my phc
v d phng, hy cung cp a ch IP ca my
phc v chnh trong khu vc ri nhp Add.
+ Bc 8: Nhp Next, cui cng nhp Finish.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Gii thiu
AD (Active Directory) l dch v th mc
cha cc thng tin v cc ti nguyn trn
mng, c th m rng v c kh nng t
iu chnh cho php bn qun l ti nguyn
mng hiu qu. c th lm vic tt vi
Active Directory, chng ta s tm hiu khi
qut v Active Directory, sau kho st cc
thnh phn ca dch v ny.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Cc i tng AD bao gm d liu ca

ngi dng (user data), my in(printers), my
ch (servers), c s d liu (databases), cc
nhm ngi dng (groups), cc my tnh
(computers), v cc chnh sch bo mt
(security policies).

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Ngoi ra mt khi nim mi c s dng l

container (tm dch l tp i tng). V d
Domain l mt tp i tng cha thng tin
ngi dng, thng tin cc my trn mng, v
cha cc i tng khc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Cc thnh phn ca AD:

Cu trc AD logic gm cc thnh phn:

domains (vng), organization units (n v t
chc), trees (h vng phn cp ) v forests
(tp hp h vng phn cp) .

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 Domain
Domain

OU

Domain Domain Domain

Domain

OU OU

Tree

Forest

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Vng (Domain): l n v ct li ca AD logic.

Tt c cc i tng AD u thuc mt vng nht
nh. Mi vng c th cha n hng triu i
tng.
Vng l ng bin an ton cho mng. Ngi qun
tr vng ch c quyn qun l cc i tng trong
vng m thi. Danh sch kim sot truy nhp
(Access Control Lists -ACLs) c lp ring cho
mi vng v khng c tc dng i vi cc vng
khc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

n v t chc (Organization Unit):

OU l nhng tp i tng dng t chc cc i tng trong
mt vng thnh nhng nhm qun tr lgic nh hn.
Mt OU c th cha cc i tng khc nhau nh: cc ti khon
ngi dng, cc nhm, cc my tnh, cc my in, cc trnh ng
dng, cc tp s dng chung v cc n v t chc khc nm
trn cng mt vng.
H vng phn cp (domain tree): Mt hay nhiu vng dng chung
khng gian lin tc.
Tp hp h vng phn cp (doain forest): Mt hay nhiu h vng
phn cp dng chung khng gian th mc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Cu trc AD vt l gm: sites v domain controllers.

a bn (site): l tp hp ca mt hay nhiu mng
con kt ni bng ng truyn tc cao.
iu khin vng (domain controllers): l my tnh
chy Windows2000 Server cha bn sao d liu
vng. Mt vng c th c mt hay nhiu iu khin
vng. Mi s thay i d liu trn mt iu khin
vng s c t ng cp nht ln cc iu khin
khc ca vng.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
ActiveDirectory

Cu trc logic gip t chc cc i tng th

mc, qun l ti khon mng v ti nguyn
dng chung. Cu trc logic bao gm nhiu
h vng phn cp, n v t chc. Site v
mng con l cu trc vt l, to iu kin
truyn thng qua mng d dng n nh
ranh gii vt l xung quanh cc ti nguyn
mng. Vng AD thc ra l nhm my tnh
dng chung c s d liu th mc.

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t v cu hnh my Windows 2000 iu
khin vng (Domain Controller)

Ci t Active Directory
ci AD bn phi cu hnh v c a ch IP
tnh cng nh bn phi cu hnh v ci DNS
trc.
Bn theo cc bc sau ci AD:
Vo Start->Run g lnh dcpromo ci
Active Directory

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

Khi Active Direcrory Installation Wizard xut

hin chn Next, di Domain Controller Type
chn Domain controller for a new domain
nu l domain mi. Xc nh tn mi New
Domain Name

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

Xc nh tn NestBIOS, v tr cha c s d
liu, mc nh s chn th mc tn SYSVOL
trong a cha WINNT, bn phi lu l
th mc SYSVOL phi l th mc c
nh dng l NTFS V5.0 tr ln, trong
Configures DNS bn chn t cu hnh hay
cu hnh mc nh,

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

Bn chn AD h tr hay khng h tr

cc h iu hnh trc Windows 2000 trong
Permission, chn Password v nhp Next
Trong phn Summary, sau Active
Drectory c ci

QungNam2009,HuyCng
Ci t Domain controller

QungNam2009,HuyCng
 TheEnd.

QungNam2009,HuyCng