TH VIN TIME.

Cc i tng kiu struct tm c s dng lu tr ngy thng v thi gian.

struct tm
{
int tm_sec;
int tm_min;
int tm_hour;
int tm_mday;
int tm_mon;
int tm_year; //year since 1900
int tm_wday; //days since Sunday
int tm_yday; //days since 1 January: [0,365]
int tm_isdst; //daylight saving time flag
}
C tm_isdst l s dng (+) nu daylight saving time c tc dng, bng 0 nu khng c, l s m (-) nu khng
c thng tin.

M quy cch ngha

%a Tn ngy trong tun vit tt
%A Tn ngy trong tun y
%b Tn thng vit tt
%B Tn thng y
%c Date v time
%d Ngy trong thng
%H Gi trong ngy, 24 gi
%h Gi trong ngy, 12 gi
%j Ngy trong nm
%m Thng
%M Pht sau gi
%p AM hay PM
%s Giy trong gi
%U Tun trong nm
%w Ngy trong tun (0-6)
%x Date
%X Time
%y Nm trong th k
%Y Nm
%Z Mi gi
%% K t %

Truy nhp vo ng h
clock_t clock (void);
y l s xung ng h ca my. Mun tnh ra giy, ta em chia vi CLOCK_PER_SEC. Nu to xung ng h
ca CPU khng c, hm tr li gi tr 1.
Truy nhp vo thi gian
double difftime (time_t t0, time_t t1);
char *asctime (const struct tm *tp);
size_t strftime (char *s, size_t n, const char *cntrl_str, const struct tm*tp);
structtm *gmtime (const time_t *t_ptr);
struct tm *localtime (const time_t *t_ptr);
time_t mktime (struct tm *tp);
time_t time (time_t *timer); nhn thi gian h thng quy ra giy
void getdate (struct date *datep); nhn ngy h thng
void setdate (struct date *datep); thit lp ngy h thng
void gettime (struct time *timep); nhn gi h thng
void settime (struct time *timep); thit lp gi h thng

TH VIN STRING.H

Cc hm qun l b nh
int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n); so snh n byte trong 2 chui s1, s2 (phn bit ch hoa, ch
thng)
Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 > chui s2
Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 < chui s1
Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1
int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n); so snh n byte trong 2 chui s1, s2 (khng phn bit ch
hoa, ch thng)
Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 > chui s2
Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 < chui s1
Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1

void *memchr (const void *s, int c, size_t n); tm k t c trong n byte u ca vng s, nu tm thy, hm tr v a
ch ca byte cha k t c u tin trong s, tri li, tr v NULL
void *memccpy (void *dest, const void *src, int c, size_t n); sao chp cc k t t vng src sang vng dest, vic
sao chp kt thc khi gp k t c hoc sao chp n k t
void *memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n); sao chp n k t t vng src sang vng dest, hm cho li
a ch vng dest
void *memmove (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n); gi k t c vo n byte u ca chui s, hm tr li a ch chui s
void movedata (unsigned srcseg, unsigned srcoff, unsigned destseg, unsigned destoff, size_t n); sao chp n byte t
phn on srcseg:srcoff n a ch destseg:destoff
Cc hm qun l xu k t
char *gets (char *s); nhp chui
char *puts (char *s); xut chui
char *strcat (char *s1, const char *s2); ghp chui s2 vo ui chui s1
char *strchr (const char *s, int c); tm k t c trong chui s (bt u t bn tri), khng c tr v NULL
char *strcpy (char *s1, const char *s2); sao chp ni dung trong s2 vo trong s1
char *strdup (const char *s); gp i chui s
char *strerror (int error_number);
char *strlwr (char *s); i chui s thnh ch thng
char *strncat (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
char *strncpy (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); sao chp ti a n k t u ca chui s2 vo trong s1
char *strnset (char *s, int c, int n); gn n ln k t c vo trong chui s
char *strpbrk (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm ln xut hin u tin ca mt k t thuc s2 trong s1, nu c,
hm cho a ch ca k t tm thy trong s1, tri li, hm cho NULL
char *strrchr (const char *s, int c); tm k t c trong chui s (bt u t bn phi), khng c tr v NULL
char *strrev (char *s); o ngc cc k t trong chui s
char *strset (char *s, int c); t k t c vo mi v tr trong chui s (thay cc k t trong s bng c)
char *strstr (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm chui s2 trong chui s1, tr v v tr chui s2 trong chui s1
char *strtok (char *s1, const char *s2);
char *strupr (char *s); i chui s thnh ch hoa

int strcmp (const char *s1, const char *s2); tr v kt qu so snh 2 chui s1 v s2, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch
thng ca cng mt k t
Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 cha chui s2
Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 cha chui s1
Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1
int strcoll (const char *s1, const char *s2);
int stricmp (const char *s1, const char *s2); tr v kt qu so snh 2 chui s1 v s2, phn bit ch hoa, ch thng
ca cng mt k t
Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 cha chui s2
Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 cha chui s1
Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1
int strncmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); so snh n k t u tin ca chui s1 v s2
int strnicmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); so snh n k t u tin ca chui s1 v s2, khng phn
bit ch hoa, ch thng ca cng mt k t

size_t strcspn (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm di on u ca chui

size_t strlen (const char *s); xc nh chiu di chui s
size_t strspn (const char *s1, const *s2); tm di on u ca chui
size_t strxfrm (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);

unsigned *strlen (const char *s); xc nh chiu di chui s

TH VIN STDLIB.H
File tiu ny cha cc nguyn mu ca cc hm c s dng vo cc mc ch chung, hoc vi cc macro v
cc nh ngha kiu c lin quan.

Cp pht b nh ng
unsigned coreleft (void); cho bit b nh kh dng trong vng cp pht ng i vi m hnh tiny, small v
medium
unsigned long coreleft (void); cho bit b nh kh dng trong vng cp pht ng i vi m hnh compact large
v huge
void *calloc (size_t n, size_t size); cp pht vng nh cho n i tng kch c size byte
void *malloc (size_t size); cp pht vng nh cho size byte
void *realloc (void *block, size_t size); cp pht li b nh
void free (void *block); gii phng vng nh cp pht

Tm kim v sp xp
void *bsearch (const void *key_ptr; const void *a_ptr, size_t n_els, size_t el_size, int compare (const void *,
const void *));
void qsort (vois *a_ptr, size_t n_els, size_t el_size, int compare (const void *, const void *));

To s nhu nhin
int random (int n); to cc s ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n (num-1)
int rand (void); to s ngu nhin trong khang t 0 n 32767
void randomize (void); khi ng c ch to s ngu nhin bng gi tr ngu nhin
void srand (unsigned seed); khi to b to s ngu nhin bng gi tr seed, khng c gi tr tr li

Truyn thng vi mi trng

char *getenv (const char *name);
int system (const char *s);

S hc
int abs (int x);
long labs (long x);
div_t div (int numer, int denom);
ldiv_t ldiv (long numer, long deniom);

Chuyn i xu k t
char *itoa (int x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s nguyn x trong h m c s cs sang chui v lu vo vng nh s,
hm tr v a ch ca vng s
char *ltoa (long x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s kiu long x trong h m c s cs sang chui v lu vo vng nh s,
hm tr v a ch ca vng s
char *ultoa (unsigned long x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s kiu unsigned long x trong h m c s cs sang chui v
lu vo vng nh s, hm tr v a ch ca vng s
double atof (const char *s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s float
int atoi (const char*s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s int
long atol (cont char *s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s long
double strtod (const char *s, char **end_ptr);
long strtol (const char *s, char **end_ptr, int base);
unsigned long strtoul (const char *s, char **end_ptr, int base);
char *ecvt (double value, int ndig, int *dec, int *sign); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui ch gm cc ch s
char *fcvt (double value, int ndig, int *dec, int *sign); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui ch gm cc ch s
char *gcvt (double value, int ndec, char *buf); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui c c du chm thp phn v
du (-) cho s m

Cc hm k t nhiu byte
int mblen (const char *s, size_t n);
int mbrowc (wchar_t *p, const char *s, size_t n);
int wctomb (char *s, wchar_t wc);
Cc hm xu k t nhiu byte
size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *wcs, const char *mbs, size_t n);
int wcstombs (char *mbs, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t n);

Ri khi chng trnh

void abort (void); kt thc chng trnh mt cch khng bnh thng
int atexit (atexit_t func);
void exit (int status); kt thc chng trnh mt cch bnh thng

TH VIN CONIO.H

char *cgets (char *str);

char *getpass (const char *prompt); c password

V d:
#include
#include
main()
{
char *password;
password=getpass
cout<<"Enter password:"<
return 0;
}

extern int _wscroll;

int cputs (const char *str);
int fgetc (FILE *stream);
int fputc (int c, FILE *stream);
int getch (void); c mt k t t bn phm, khng hin ln k t g vo
int getche (void); c mt k t t bn phm, c hin li k t g vo. K t e cui c ngha l hin li (echo)
int gettext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, void *destin);
int inp (unsigned portid);
int kbhit (void); kim tra xem c k t g vo hay khng

V d:
#include
#include
main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"Press any key";
while (!kbhit());
cout<<"\r\Continue\r\n";
return 0;
 getch();
}

int movetext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int destleft, int desttop);
int outp (unsigned portid, int value);
int putch (int c); a mt k t ln ca s vn bn trn mn hnh
int puttext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, void *source);
int textmode (int mode);
int ungetch (int c);
int wherex (void); cho bit honh hin ti ca con tr
int wherey (void); cho bit tung hin ti ca con tr
void _setcursortype (int cur_t);
void clrscr (void); xo trng mn hnh (Clear Screen)
void clreol (void); xo cc k t nm bn phi im nhc (Clear End Of Line)
void delline (void); xo mt dng trong ca s
void gettextinfo (struct text_info *r); cho thng tin v kiu hin th vn bn
void gotoxy (int x, int y); di chuyn con tr ti ta (x,y) trn mn hnh
void highvideo (void); lm sng ca k t tng ln
void insline (void); xen mt dng trong ca s
void lowvideo(void); lm sng ca k t yu i
void normvideo(void); lm sng ca k t bnh thng
void textbackground (int color); chn mu nn
void textcolor(int color); la chn mu k t mi
void textattr (int attr); xc lp thuc tnh ca k t trn mn hnh
void window (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2); to ca s vn bn c ta 2 gc: gc trn-bn tri (x1,y1) v gc
di-bn phi (x2,y2). Sau , mi vn bn trn mn hnh s nm trong ca s ny.

TH VIN STDIO.H

File tiu ny cha cc macro, cc nh ngha kiu v cc nguyn mu prototype ca cc hm c ngi lp trnh s
dng truy nhp vo file. Sau y l mt s macro v cc nh ngha kiu:

#define BUFSIZ 1024 //kch thc cho tt c c b nh m

#define EOF (-1) //gi tr tr li ca End Of File
#define FILENAME_MAX 255 // di ln nht tn file
#define FOPEN_MAX 20 //s file ln nht c th m
#define L_tmpnam 16 //kch thc mng cho tmp tn file
#define NULL 0 //gi tr con tr NULL
#define PATH_MAX 1024 // di cc i ca ng dn
#define TMP_MAX 65535 //s ln nht ca cc tn file duy nht

typedef long pos_t; //c s dng vi fsetpos()

typedef unsigned size_t //kiu t ton t sizeof
typedef char *va_list; //c s ng vi h vfprintf()

Cu trc file vi t kho FILE c cc thnh phn m t trng thi hin ti ca mt file. Tn v s phn t ca n ph
thuc vo tng h thng

Mt i tng kiu FILE c th ghi tt c cc thng tin cn thit iu khin mt lun (stream), k c mt hin th
hay c thng bo (indicator) v tr ca file, mt con tr ti buffer ca n, mt hin th hay c bo li cha cc li
ghi/c c th xy ra, v mt hin th hay c bo end of file ghi nhn gp du hiu kt thc file cha.

Cc macro c dng nh ngha stdin, stdout v stderr. Mc d chng ta ngh chng l cc file, song thc cht
chng l c con tr.

#define stdin ($_iob[0])

#define stdout ($_iob[1])
#define stderr ($_iob[2])

Khng ging cc file khc,stdin, stdout v stderr khng cn phi m ra mt cch tng minh.
Mt s macro khc c s dng vi cc hm nh sau:

#define _IOFBF 0 //setvbuf(): full buffering

#define _IOFBF 0x80 //setvbuf(): full buffering
#define _IOFBF 0x04 //setvbuf(): full buffering
#define SEEK_SET 0 //fseek(): beginning of file
#define SEEK_CUR 1 //fseek(): current position in file
#define SEEK_END 2 //fseek(): end of file

Khi mt file c m, h iu hnh kt ni n vi mt stream v gi thng tin v stream trong mt i tng kiu
FILE. Mt con tr tr ti FILE c th xem nh ang c kt ni vi file hoc vi lung stream, hoc c hai.

Cc hm cp 2
Cc hm cp 2 s dng cu trc FILE v m kt thc EOF, tt c u c khai bo v nh ngha trong . M EOF
bng -1 cn cu trc FILE gm cc thnh phn dung qun l tp tin nh:
+ level cho bit c cn vng m trong d liu hay khng
+ bsize ln vng m (mc nh l 512 bytes)
+ flags cc c trng thi
FILE *fdopen (int handle, char *type);
FILE *fopen (const char *filename, const char *mode); m mt file
Cc i (mode)
"r", "rt" m mt file c theo kiu vn bn, file c tn ti, nu khng s c li
"w", "wt" m mt file ghi theo kiu vn bn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo
"a", "at" m mt file ghi b sung theo kiu vn bn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi
"rb" m mt file c theo kiu nh phn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li
"wb" m mt file ghi theo kiu nh phn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo
"ab" m mt file ghi b sung theo kiu nh phn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi
"r+", "r+t" m mt file c/ghi theo kiu vn bn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li
"w+", "w+t" m mt file mi c/ghi theo kiu vn bn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo
"r+b" m mt file c/ghi theo kiu nh phn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li
"w+b" m mt file mi c/ghi theo kiu nh phn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo
"a+b" m mt file c/ghi b sung theo kiu nh phn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi
int fclose (FILE *stream); ng mt file
int fcloseall (void); ng tt c cc file ang m
int fflush (FILE *stream); xo vng m bn phm
int flushall (void); xo vng m bn phm, thng s dng trc cc hm nh gets hoc scanf
FILE *freopen (const char *filename, const char *mode, FILE *fp);
FILE *_fsopen (const char *filename, const char *mode, int shflg);
void setbuf (FILE *stream, char *buf);
int setvbuf (FILE *stream, int mode, size_t n);
FILE *tmpfile (void);
char *tmpnam (char *s);

Truy nhp vo c v tr file

int fseek (FILE *stream, long offset, int whence); chuyn con tr n v tr bt k trn file (nn dng theo kiu nh
phn)
long ftell (FILE *stream); cho bit v tr hin ti ca con tr ch v
void rewind (FILE *stream); chuyn con tr v v tr u file
int fgetpos (FILE *stream, fops_t *pos);
int fsetpos (FILE *stream, const fops_t *pos);

Qun l li
void clearer (FILE *stream);
int feof (FILE *stream); cho bit n cui file hay cha
int ferror (FILE *stream); cho bit c li (khc 0) hay khng c li (bng 0)
void perror (const char *s); thng bo li trn mn hnh (khi bit c li)

Cc hm xut/nhp k t
int getc (FILE *stream); c k t t file
int getchar (void); nhn mt k t t stdin, hm tr v k t nhn c
char *gets (char *s); nhp mt chui k t t stdin
int fgetc (FILE *stream); c k t t file
char *fgets (char *c, int n, FILE *stream); c mt chui k t t file
int fputc (int c, FILE *stream); ghi k t ln file
int fputs (const char *s, FILE *stream); ghi mt chui k t ln file
int putc (int c, FILE *stream); ghi k t ln file
int putchar (int c); a mt k t ra stdout
int puts (const char *s); a mt chui k t ra stdout
int ungetc (int c, FILE *stream);

Cc hm nhp xut theo kiu vn bn

int cprintf (const char *format [,argument,...]);
int cscanf (const char *format [,address,...]);
int fprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format [,argument,...]); ghi d liu theo khun dng ln file
int fscanf (FILE *stream, const char *format [,address,...]); c d liu theo khun dng t file
int printf (const char *format [,argument,...]); xut d liu theo nh dng
int scanf (const char *format [,address,...]); nhp d liu theo nh dng
int sprintf (char *buffer, const char *format [,argument,...]);
int sscanf (const char *buffer, const char *format [,address,...]);
int vfprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arglist);
int vfscanf (FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arglist);
int vprintf (const char *format, va_list arglist);
int vscanf (const char *format, va_list arglist);
int vsprintf (char *buffer, const char *format, va_list arglist);
int vsscanf (char *buffer, const char *format, va_list arglist);

Cc hm nhp xut theo kiu nh phn

int getw (FILE *stream); c mt s nguyn t file
int putw (int w, FILE *stream); ghi mt s nguyn ln file
size_t fread (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE *stream); c mt s mu tin t file
size_t fwrite (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE *stream); ghi mt s mu tin ln file

Xo hoc i tn file
int remove (const char *filename); xo mt file
int rename (const char *filename1, const char *filename2); i tn mt file
int unlink (const char *filename); xo mt file

Cc hm nhp xut cp 1
Cc file tiu v bin chun
s dng cc hm cp 1, ta cn ti cc file tiu sau:
io.h cha cc nguyn mu ca cc hm cp 1
fcntl.h cha cc nh ngha quyn truy nhp (access)
sys/stat.h cha cc nh ngha thuc tnh (mode)
dos.h cha cc nh ngha thuc tnh (attribute) theo DOS

Ngoi ra, cn cn n bin chun ca C _fmode (nh ngha trong fcntl.h v stdlib.h) xc nh kiu nhp xut (nh
phn hay vn bn)
int creat (const char *path, int mode); to mt file mi c thuc tnh cho bi mode. Trong trng hp file tn ti:
-Nu file ghi, n s b xo
-Nu file c th b li
-Khi c li, hm tr v -1
-Khi thnh cng, hm tr v s hiu file (handle)
Thuc tnh
S_IREAD file c, khng th xo, sa cha, b sung
S_IWRITE file ghi, c th xo, sa cha, b sung
int _creat (const char *path, int attrib); to mt file mi theo kiu nh phn
Thuc tnh
FA_RDONLY file ch c, khng th xo, s cha, b sung
FA_ARCH file ghi
FA_HIDDEN file n, khng hin trong lnh DIR ca DOS
int open (const char *path, int access [, unsigned mode ]); m mt file c hoc xy dng file mi c, ghi
i access
Gi tr ngha
O_APPEND ghi b sung
O_BINARY kiu nhp xut nh phn
O_CREAT to file (nu cha c)
O_RDONLY ch c
O_RDWR c v ghi
O_TEXT kiu nhp xut vn bn
O_TRUNC xo file nu c tn ti
O_WRONLY nbsp;ch ghi

int _open (const char *filename, int oflag); m mt file tn ti c, ghi

int close (int handle); ng mt file
int _close (int handle); ng mt file
int chmod (const char *path, int amode); thay i thuc tnh file
int _chmod (const char *path, int func [, int attrib ]); thay i thuc tnh file theo kiu DOS
int write (int handle, void *buf, unsigned len); ghi mt dy cc byte ln file, nu thnh cng, hm tr v mt s bng s
byte ghi c, c li tr v -1
int read (int handle, void *buf, unsigned len); c mt dy cc byte t file
long lseek (int handle, long offset, int fromwhere); di chuyn con tr ch v

DANH MC CC HM TRONG TH VIN HA

arc v cung trn c gc bt u, gc kt thc, ta tm
bar v hnh ch nht c t bn trong bar3d v hnh ch nht theo khng gian 3 chiu c t bn trong
circle v hnh trn
cleardevice xo mn hnh, a con tr v gc trn-bn tri
clearviewport xo khung hnh
closegraph ng ch ha
detectgraph kim tra phn cng v xc nh trnh iu khin v ch
drawpoly v a gic vi kiu nt v v mu hin ti
ellipse v cung elip
fillellipse v hnh elip c t mu
fillpoly t a gic c s dng b chuyn i qut
floodfill t mt min b chn, dung mu t v mu hin ti
getarccoords nhn li ta v cung
getaspectratio tr li h s tng quan t l trn mn hnh
getbkcolor nhn li mu nn hin ti
getcolor nhn li mu v hin ti
getdefaultpalette nhn li bng mu ngm nh
getdrivername nhn li tn v mch ha
getfillpattern nhn li mu t
getfillsettings nhn li mu t c thit lp mi nht
getgraphmode nhn li ch ha hin ti
getimage ct nh bit ca mt vng hnh vo trong b nh m
getlinesettings nhn li kiu v, nt v v dy nt v
getmaxcolor nhn li gi tr mu ln nht c th c ca ch ha
getmaxmode nhn li gi tr ch cao nht c th c
getmaxx nhn li gi tr phn gii ngang
getmaxy nhn li gi tr phn gii dc
getmodename nhn li tn ch ha
getmoderamge nhn li ch ln nht v thp nht ca v ha
getpalettesize nhn li gi tr bng mu
getpixel nhn li mu ca im v
getpalette nhn li gi tr bng mu
gettextsettings nhn li gi tr v kiu ch, hng vit, kch thc
getviewsettings nhn li thng tin v khung hnh v cc tham s
getx nhn li ta x ca v tr ha hin ti
gety nhn li ta y ca v tr ha hin ti
graphdefaults a v tr con tr hin ti v gc trn bn tri, khi ng li ch ha
grapherrormsg nhn li cc xu k t thng bo li cho errorcode
graphresult nhn li gi tr bo li ca thao tc ha cui cng
imagesize tr li gi tr s byte cn thit ct mt vng ch nht trn mn hnh
intalluserdrive ci t cc trnh iu khin ha mi vo bng BGI
intalluserfont ci t mt font ch mi cha trong h thng BGI
initgraph khi to vo ch ha
line v mt on thng gia 2 im ch r
linerel v mt on thng vi khong cch tng i
lineto v mt on thng t im hin ti ti...
moverel dch chuyn v tr hin ti ti im mi theo ta tng i
moveto dch chuyn v tr hin ti ti im mi
outtext vit ra dng vn bn ti v tr hin ti
outteaxtxy vit ra dng vn bn ti v tr (x,y)
pieslice v mt ming bnh trn
putimage np hnh nh bit vo mn hnh
putpixel v mt im nh ti ta (x,y)
rectangle v hnh ch nht khng t bn trong vi mu v nt v hin ti
registerbgidriver ng k trnh iu khin BGI vi h thng ha
registerbgifont ng k font BGI vi h thng ha
restorecrtmode khi phc li ch mn hnh gc trc khi ch ha c khi to dng
sector v v t mt ming khung hnh elip
setactivepage thay i trang tch cc cho ra ha
setallpalette thay i ton b bng mu
setaspectratio thay i t l tng quan ngang dc
setbkcolor t mu nn
setcolor t mu v hin ti
setfillpattern t mu t do ngi dung nh ngha
setfillstyle t mu v mu t
setgraphbufsize thay i kch thc b nh m qut v t
setgraphmode t h thng ti ch ha v xo mn hnh
setlinestyle t kiu nt v
setpalette thay i gi tr bng mu
setrgbppalette thay i gi tr bng mu cho v mch IBM8514 v VGA
settextjustify t ch cn l cho outtext v outtextxy
settexttyle thit lp font ch, hng, kch thc vit ch ha
setusercharsize thay i rng v chiu cao font vector
setviewport thit lp khung nhnh ha
setvisualpage thit lp s trang nhn
setwritemode thit lp cch thc ghi ln mn hnh v l COPY ln hay XNOR
textheight tr li cao ca xu ch, tnh theo pixel
textwidth tr li rng c xu ch, tnh theo pixel

TH VIN PROCESS.H

Cc hm kim sot qu trnh

int system (const char *command); thc him mt cu lnh DOS, thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1
void abort (void); kt thc chng trnh mt cch khng bnh thng
void exit (int status); kt thc chng trnh mt cch bnh thng

TH VIN MATH.H
Cc hm ton hc du chm ng
double acos (double x); tr v arc cosine ca x, c biu din t 0 n
double asin (double x); tr v arc sine ca x, c biu din t -/2 n /2
double atan (double x); tr v arc tangent ca x, c biu din t -/2 n /2
double atan2 (double x, double y); tr v arc tangent ca x/y, c biu din t - n
double cabs (struct complex x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s phc x
double ceil (double x); tr v phn nguyn ca s chm ng khng nh hn x (lm trn s ln)
double cos (double x); tr v cos ca x, c biu din theo radian
double cosh (double x); tr v gi tr cosine hyperbolic ca x
double exp (double x); tr v ex
double fabs (double x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s thc x
double floor (double x); tr v phn nguyn ca s chm ng khng ln hn x (lm trn s xung)
double fmod (double x, double y); ly phn d ca php chia (x/y), y phi khc 0
double frexp (double x, int *exponent); ly phn gi tr ca x khi tch nh m trong khong 0,5 n 1 hay m=0
double ldexp (double x, int exponent);
double log (double x); tr v logarit t nhin ca x
double log10 (double x); tr v logarit c s 10 ca x
double modf (double x, double *ipart); tch s x thnh phn s nguyn v phn s l sau du chm thp phn, ct phn
nguyn trong *ipart v tr v phn l
double pow (double x, double y); tr v xy
double pow10 (int x); tr v x10
double sin (double x); tr v sin ca x, c biu din theo radian
double sinh (double x); tr v gi tr sine hyperbolic ca x
double sqrt (double x); tr v cn bc 2 ca x
double tan (double x); tr v tang ca x, c biu din theo radian
double tanh (double x); tr v gi tr tangent hyperbolic ca x
int abs (int x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s nguyn x
long double cabsl (struct complexl (x));
long double frexp (long double (x));
long double fabsl (long double @E (x));
long double frexp (long double (x), int *(exponent));
long double ldexpl (long double (x), int (exponent));
long double modfl (long double (x), long double *(ipart));
long double pow101 (int (x)); tr v x101
long int labs (long int x);

TH VIN DOS.H
Cc hm truy nhp trc tip vo b nh
char peekb (unsigned segment, unsigned offset); nhn mt byte ti a ch phn on segment:offset
int peek (unsigned segment, unsigned offset); nhn li mt t ti a ch phn on segment:offset
void poke (unsigned segment, unsigned offset, int value); gi gi tr nguyn value vo b nh ti a ch phn on
segment:offset
void pokeb (unsigned segment, unsigned offset, char value); gi gi tr k t value vo b nh ti a ch phn on
segment:offset

TH VIN DIR.H
Cc hm kim sot th mc
char *getcwd (char *buf, int buflen); ly tn th mc ch, hm tr v buf
int chdir (const char *path); i th mc ch (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1
int findfirst (const char *pathname, struct ffblk *ffblk, int attrib); tm file trn th mc (c ng dn, thuc tnh), nu
tm thy tr v 0, c li tr v -1
int findnext (struct ffblk *ffblk); tip tc tm file trn th mc theo cc ch dn cho trong ffblk, nu tm thy tr v 0, c
li tr v -1
int getcurdir (int driver, char *directory); chuyn th mc hin hnh), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1
int mkdir (const char *path); to th mc mi (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1
int rmdir (const char *path); xo th mc (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1

TH VIN CTYPE.H
Cc hm qun l, kim tra k t
int isalnum (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t alphanumeric (ch ci hay ch s)
int isalpha (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch alphabetic (A-Z hay a-z)
int isascii (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t c m ASCII t 0-127
int iscntrl (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t iu khin, c m ASCII t 0 n 0x1F hoc m bng 0x7F
(DEL)
int isdigit (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t s (0-9)
int isgraph (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t in c, c m ASCII t 0x21 n 0x7E (khng k k t
khong trng)
int islower (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch thng (a-z)
int isprint (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t in c, c m ASCII t 0x20 n 0x7E (k c k t khong
trng)
int ispunct (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t du (khc k t alphanumeric v k t khong trng)
int isspace (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t khong trng
int isupper (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch hoa (A-Z)
int isxdigit (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t s thp lc phn (0-9, A-F hay a-f)
int toascii (int c); chuyn c v m ASCII tng ng nu c biu din mt k t trong bng m ASCII
int tolower (int c); chuyn c thnh k t thng tng ng nu c biu din mt k t hoa
int toupper (int c); chuyn c thnh k t hoa tng ng nu c biu din mt k t thng