Kinh nghim: khi ta truyn mt chui m nh phn, nu s v tr bng 1 l l, m knh ch c 1 v tr sai (t=1) th chui m nhn c, nu ng vn l l, nu sai th ngc li.
p dng l thuyt tin chng nhiu
H thng pht hin sai, t=1 (knh 1 sai), m=2 (m nh phn)
6.3 -> n=k+1 T hp mang tin A=a(k-1)a0 X = x(n-1)x0 X=PBa(k-1)a0 6.1 -> d>=2 => chn t hp mang tin chn them 0, t hp mang tin l them 1 PB = XOR0k-1ai = 0 nu chn, =1 nu l S = XOR0k-1xi = 0 nu chn, =1 nu l