( )

={ 1,2,3}
.

0 -1,-2,-3.


:
1. , +=+ .=.
( )
2. ,, (+)+=+(+)
(.).= .(.)( )
3. ,, .(+)=.+. (
)
4. +(-)=0.

,
0 Q ( ).

2

Q (
) . 2, 3 , ......

R

.
1




2

1
A
1.N
R
2. 3

1
 KAI A
To

..
1 : , +=+
2

. .
.

: 2. =2 =2
, . +=2+2=2(+)=2 . +
( 2)

.
.

.

()


: ,
. =2 a 2 4 2
( ) 4 2
2.

.
, +=.
=-. -
=()

()
1. 2
=2 .
2.

1.

2.
.

3. 1,2 , .1=2 1=2=0

4.
.

5 a + b = 0 =0 =0
2 2

3
 -
1. R
.a.....a
) a.a ) a .a ) a a ) a 0
a
) (a ) ) ( ) )1= )(.)=
2.

. 1,2
,
1= 2=

3.
,
3= 4= ()==
4
1,2 3,4

5. ,
; ;

.
6 .
;

7 N
) (+)3=. ) (-)3=
)2-2=.. ) 3-3=
) 3+3=.

( a3 2 )2 ( a2 )1
1 =
a7 5
=/

1
=1010 = (10 )
10

4
 2017 2.2016 2 2016 2.2015 2
2.N
2017.2016 2 2016 2.2015

3 a 2 2 6
) = (3a 2 ) 2 (3 2 ) 2

) =1 (+)2

4. ,, (+)=(+).
.

6. 3
3