Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn

QLVH ng dy.
PHN II:
CU TRC V CC THNG S K THUT
C BN CA NG DY TRUYN TI

Cc phn t ch yu ca ng dy truyn trn khng l dy dn, dy chng

st s cch in v ph kin ca ng dy.
- Dy dn dng dn in.
- Dy chng st bo v dy dn khi qu in p kh quyn.
- Ct dng treo dy dn v dy chng st.
- Cch in c s dng cch ly cc dy dn v dy chng st vi ct.
- Ph kin ng dy dng kp cc dy dn vo cch in v cc cch in
vo ct
Cc ng dy trn khng mt mch v hai mch c s dng ph bin nht.
Hai mch ca ng dy trn khng c th b tr trn cng mt ct.
1. Ct in:
Ct in dng gi dy dn in mt cao nht nh so vi mt t, mt
nc m bo an ton cho ngi, phng tin giao thng qua li di ng dy,
m bo cho ng dy lm vic lu di, chc chn, an ton.
Ct in phi c chiu cao m bo dy khong cch an ton.
Ct in phi m bo bn c hc khng b ph hu khi c ti trng c gii
tc ng ln ct nh trng lng bn thn ct, dy dn, cch in, ph kin v tc
ng bn ngoi nh gi, bo...
Phn loi ct in theo v tr chu lc (cng dng):
Ct trung gian (tr ): dng v gi dy dn, dy chng st trn cc on
thng ca ng dy (hay bao gm c nhng ct c gc ngang l 30 hoc nh hn).
Ct ny chim t 70-90% tng s ct trn ng dy. Khi vn hnh bnh thng lc
cng dy 2 bn u nhau nn tr ch chu lc nn thng ng do dy dn, x, cch
in v trng lng ct l ch yu. Ngoi ra n cn chu lc tc ng ngang do gi.
Ct ny thng dng tr thp thp.
Ct no thng (ct gia c an ton): c dng gia c ng dy truyn ti.
Hai tr no hai u on ng dy s chu sc cng dy hai u, khi c s c t
dy trong mt khong no ny s khng b nh hng n cc tr trong khong no
khc, nng cao tin cy cho ng dy. Loi ct ny c dng trong nhng
trng hp sau y:

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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- Ct dng (tr no cui): l tr chu lc hai u ng dy. Do ch chu lc
cng mt pha nn loi tr ny phi c kt cu chc chn. Tr ny thng dng tr
thp thp.
Ct no gc: dng nhng v tr ng dy b b gc hay i hng. Ti cc v
tr ny tr chu lc cng khng u nhau. Tr ny thng dng tr thp thp.
Ct vt: dng nhng v tr ng dy vt qua cc khong cch ln nh:
Sng, ni, thung lng, ng quc l, ng st ... tr ny c th dng ct no hoc
.
Ct o pha: dng nhng v tr ng dy cn phi o pha (hon v pha)
cn bng tng tr ca cc pha (dng cho ng dy di trn 100km). Tr thng
dng ct thp st no.

Hnh 1.3. Ct v ct no ng dy 220kV mch n

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V tr 128 o pha Z 220kV Krng Bk - Nha Trang

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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Ct ng dy 500kV

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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Ct no ng dy 500kV

2. Mng ct:
Mng tr l kt cu nm trong t dng truyn xung t
nhng ngoi lc tc ng ln ct, trng lng tr. Mng tr gi vng tr
theo chiu thng ng, khng b ln, khng b nghing, khng b ng.
Mng ct s phi bn chng li tng loi ti trng chng hn
nh l ti trng ko ln, ti trng nn, ti trng ngang hoc ti trng
xoay.
Mng tr phi c bn cao, khng b r, b nt. Mng phi c
nm trong t khng b xi l, t p chn mng phi cht, m
bo gi tr khng b nghing, ng.

Mng tr Mng ging Mng cc

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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Mng bn (mng b) Mng neo Mng chn su

Cc loi mng thng dng
1. ng dy 500kV Bc-Nam (mch 1), cung on 2532-3015.

2. ng dy 500kV Pleiku-Di Linh (mch2), cung on 213-514.

3. ng dy 220kV Pleiku - Krng Bk, cung on 215-360.

4. ng dy 220kV Krng Bk - Nha Trang, cung on 01-191.

5. ng dy 220kV Bun Kup- Krng Bk (mch kp), cung on 01-176.

6. ng dy 220kV Bun Kup- BunTuaSrah, cung on 01-134.

2.1. Cn nhc gc nghing ca mt t khi mng t v tr khng bng

phng.
su t mng s an ton khi khi lng ca t chng li c lc ko
ln ca ct. i vi t nghing th vic tnh ton khi lng t ny rt l phc tp.
Theo kinh nghim th chn su ca mng v nghing ca mt t nh sau th
m bo.
nghing mt t v chiu su chn mng

2.2. Nhng h hng thng gp v nhng iu cn ch khi kim tra mng

tr.
a. Nhng h hng thng gp>=v0.8Hbin php x l.
- Mng ct trong qu trnh vn hnh c th b nt,>=v0.8H
v b thm nc, mi
trng xm thc, b xi l.
- Mng b nt, v phi c p, chn li, btng p li phi c mc cao hn
mc btng thit k cho mng tr mt cp. Trc khi sa cha>=2B
phi lm sch b mt
v 1 lp xi mng mng b tng mi d bm dnh.
- Cn phi kim tra k thm nc v xm thc quyt nh s cn thit
phi qut bi tum hay hc n. Trc khi qut phi o su ht chiu su ca mng,
lm sch mng, kh.
- Mng b xi l phi lm k, p t bo v. Tu theo tnh trng xi l
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b. Nhng iu cn ch khi kim tra mng tr
- Tnh trng ngp nc, thm nc.
- Tnh trng mt t xung quanh, b xi l, c dng chy mi.
- Cc vt nt, v trn mng ct, k mng.
- t p chn ct.
- Tip a chn ct.
3.Cch in v ph kin ng dy truyn ti:
Cch in ng dy dng cch ly cc dy dn ca ng
dy trn khng i vi ct, vi t, vi cc dy pha khc, cc vt
xung quanh hnh lang li in v gi dy dn vo cnh x. Nu
trong qu trnh vn hnh, khong cch cch in gia dy dn
v dy dn hay gia dy dn v ct, t, cy ci hay cc cng
trnh khng s to ra s c ngn mch.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh, cch in ca ng dy va chu
in p, ng thi va chu tc ng ca ti trng c hc t
khi lng dy dn, p lc gi, dao ng rung lc v lc cng ca
dy.
Mt khc, cch in ca ng dy phi lm vic ngoi tri
do vy bn ca cch in cng gim v b m t v nhim
bn.
Bn cnh nhng yu t khng thun li nu trn, khi thao tc
ng ct, s c chm chp hoc khi c dng st, trong mch s
xut hin hin tng qu p. in p ca ng dy lc s tng
gp nhiu ln so vi in p vn hnh ch bnh thng, gy
phng in cc b l gi ci cch in.
3.1. Cch in ng dy:
m bo cho ng dy lm vic an ton th cch in
ng dy phi c yu cu c bn sau:
+ Yu cu v in:
- Khng gy phng in b mt trong ch vn hnh
bnh thng khi kh ro v m t.
- Chu c qu in p kh quyn (trong gii hn kinh t k
thut cho php).
- Chu c qu in p ni b ( tr mt s loi c bin qu
ln v xc xut xut hin b)
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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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+ Yu cu v bn c hc:
- Chu c lc tc ng c hc ca dy dn, p lc gi,
rung v lc cng dy dn, trng lng dy ...
- Chu c cc tc ng ca mi trng ( m, nhit , bi,
mui, cc ho cht cng nghip ... n mn kim loi v lm gi ci
cch in)
V vy s cch in ng dy ngoi vic c cch in
tt cn phi c bn c hc cao, p ng c ti trng cho
php.

Cch in treo tiu chun Cch in treo c chiu di dng

r cao (dng cho vng sng m,
nhim bn)

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Hc bt ty s

M kim loi

Xi Mng lin kt

Cch in (thy tinh hay gm)

Ty s

Hnh dng v cu to ca bt cch trn ng dy truyn ti

- Cch in composite: thng dng cho in p cao v siu

cao. Cc u im chnh ca cch in composite so vi bt cch
in l bn v tin cy cao, trng lng nh, gi thnh h.
Cch in kiu thanh c th c ch to bng nhiu loi vt liu
nh gm, polyme, v chng c lp rp theo nhiu v tr v hnh
dng khc nhau nh hnh ch V, ct , trn ct no v c khi c
lp trp kim c chc nng ca x. Hin nay cch in polyme -
c sn xut cho cc cp in p t 3,6-500kV.

S cc in Polyme trn ng dy truyn ti

C IM & THNG S K THUT

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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- Cch in Composite l cht do tng hp hu c c nhiu t tnh u vit
nh khng b ng nc, t bm bi, khi c ma nc ma s ngng t li tng git
ln trn b mt cch in v tri i, ko theo c bi nhim trn b mt cch in
s c nc ma ra sch hu nh trit , s khi phc c trng thi sch nh
ban u v cch in b mt s li tt nh mi.
- Trng lng v kch thc u nh hn cch in gm hoc thy tinh cng
cp in p, thun li cho vic thi cng lp rp d dng.
- Khng b axt n mn, nn khng b nh hng do nhim bn ha cht ca
mi trng.
- C thanh chu lc bng thy tinh, ty theo yu cu c th v lc treo, lc ko
ca tng cng trnh, c v ngoi Silicol Rubber.
- Tui th cao, p ng tiu chun IEC1109 hoc ANSI C29.11, tui th ca
cch in Composite c th vn hnh c 35 nm.
- Cch in Composite c a vo s dng nhiu nc trn th gii trn
20 nm.
- Cch in Composite c ch to lm cch in ng dy in p t
220kV n 500kV, cch in cho my bin p
- Gi loi cch in Composite cng khng t, ch chnh lch so vi cch in
thu tinh hoc gm cng tnh nng c in khong 20-30%.

Thng s k thut ca cch in Composite

chui cch in (hnh I, V) dy dn:
Vt liu ch to:
+ Lp v Silicol Rubber
+ Lp li Si thu tinh
Ti trng ph hy 160 kN
Chiu di chui 4200 mm
Chiu di ng r 15000 mm
in p duy tr tn s cng nghip
+ 01 pht khi kh 1350 kV
+ 01 pht khi t 1130 kV
in p chu ng xung st ti hn 2340 kV

1.ng dy 500kV Bc-Nam (mch 1), cung on 2532-3015.

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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2. ng dy 500kV Pleiku-Di Linh (mch2), cung on 213-514.

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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3. ng dy 220kV Pleiku - Krng Bk, cung on 215-360.

4. ng dy 220kV Krng Bk - Nha Trang, cung on 01-191.

5. ng dy 220kV Bun Kup- Krng Bk (mch kp), cung on 01-176.

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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3.2. Ph kin trn ng dy truyn ti:

Mt vi chui cch in trn ng dy 220kV v
500kV:

Chui cch in v no ng dy 220kV

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Chui s ng dy 500kV

Chui s no ng dy 500kV

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4.Dy dn v dy chng st:
Hin ti truyn ti s dng dy Dy hp kim nhm, li thp tng c-
ng Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced - ACSR (thng c gi l dy
nhm li thp)
Dy ny c cu to bng cch qun cc tao dy nhm bn xung
quanh li thp c bn cc tao dy thp. Loi dy ny c s dng
rng ri v dn in tt, c khi lng nh, c bn c hc cao, d
sn sut, gi thnh h.
Dy nhm li thp ACSR thng khng c m bo v. tng tui
th ca dy, tu vo iu kin kh hu v mi trng ngi ta ph
ln b mt cc tao dy mt lp m trung tnh bo v chng n
mn li thp, bn trong dy dn v c c loi m bao c dy
dn.
Tao
nhm

Tao
thp M bo
v

Cu to dy nhm li thp ACSR trn ng dy truyn ti

+ Dy dn hin ti trn ng dy 220kV c k hiu ACSR 500/64,
ng dy 500kV c k hiu ACSR 330/43.
+ Dy chng st hin ti trn ng dy 220kV c k hiu TK 50 ,
ng dy 500kV c k hiu ACKII 70/72.
ACSR ACSR
ACKII
TK 70
c tnh k thut 500/ 330/
70/72
64 43
- Tit din phn nhm mm2 490 332 68,4
- S si nhm Si 54 54 18
- ng knh 1 si nhm Mm 3,4 2.8 2,2
- Tit din phn thp mm2 63,5 43,1 72,2 72,6
- S si thp Si 7 7 19 19
- 1*2.3
ng knh 1 si thp Mm 3,4 2.8 2,2 +18*2
.2
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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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- ng knh li thp Mm 10,2 8.4 11,0 11,0
- ng knh ngoi dy
Mm 30,6 25,2 15,4 11,0
dn
- in tr tc dng 0,06 0.088
/km 0.428
200C 04 8
- Dng in cho php A 945 690
- 1,85
Khi lng 1 mt Kg 1.255 0,755 0,623
2
- Kg 1462
Lc ko t 10538 9568 7838
<=>daN 8
Thng s k thut ca dy dn, dy chng st ng dy truyn ti 220kV,
500kV

5.o pha dy dn:

Xung quanh dy dn ng dy truyn ti in xoay chiu xut
hin t trng xoay chiu, c t thng bin i nn xut hin t cm L.
Dy dn 3 pha t gn nhau nn c h cm M. V vy ng dy
dn in xoay chiu c cm khng X ca ng dy.
a. Dy dn b tr i xng trn 3 nh ca 01 tam gic
Theo nguyn l c s k thut in, cm khng ca mt pha ng
dy truyn ti in xoay chiu 3 pha c xc nh nh sau:
D
xo ( 4,6 log 0,5 )10 4 ( / km)
r
Trong : =2f
D: Khong cch gia cc pha (cm)
r : Bn knh dy dn
: h s t dn ca vt liu ch to dy dn
Nu h thng in xoay chiu c tn s f=50Hz, dy dn l kim
loi mu (ng, nhm) th 1 nn cm khng ca mt pha c vit
li nh sau:
D
xo 0,144 log 0,0157( / km)
r
b. Dy dn b tr khng i xng:
Khi dy dn ng dy truyn ti in c b tr trn ct khng
i xng th cm khng ca mi dy dn khng ging nhau (t cm
ging nhau, nhng h cm khc nhau). Mt du ph ti trn mt pha
bng nhau in p ging trn mi pha s khc nhau v dng in
khng i xng, xut hin in p d trn im trung tnh ca MBA.

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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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gii quyt vn ny ngi ta a ra phng php o pha dy
dn nhm cn bng nh hng ca cc thng s ln ng dy truyn ti.
Cm khng ca 01 km ng dy truyn ti in sau khi o
pha c tnh nh trong trng hp dy dn c b tr trn nh ca tam
gic u. Nhng thay gi tr D bng D tb (Dtb l tr s trung bnh hnh
hc ca 3 khong cch gia cc dy dn ca 3 pha)
Dtb 3 D12 .D23 .D31 )
Nu dy dn b tr trn mt mt phng cch nhau 01 khong D
th
Dtb 3 2.D 3

Trong trng hp ng dy phn pha n dy th cm khng 01 km

ng dy l
Dtb 0,0157
xo 0,144 log
rdt n

Trong : rdt n
r.a tbn 1 : Bn knh ng tr ca dy dn.
r : Bn knh dy dn
n: S dy phn pha.
a: Khong cch cc dy phn pha
Tng t nh vng quang in mun gim cm khng x0 (tng kh
nng ti cho ng dy th gim D v tng bn knh ca dy dn hay
phn pha dy dn.
*. Quy phm trang b in v o pha dy dn
DK in p 110-500kV di trn 100km phi o pha sao cho
chiu di ca mi bc trong mt chu k o pha phi gn bng nhau vi
chu k o khng qu 300km.

Phng php o pha dy dn trn ng dy truyn ti l=300 km

S o pha DK hai mch cng in p i chung ct phi

ging nhau. Trong li in 110 - 500kV, bao gm nhiu on DK chiu
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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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di di 100km th vic o pha c th thc hin trc tip ti cc trm
in ( thanh ci, cc khong ct cui ng dy vo ct cng trm
v.v.), trong vic o pha phi thc hin sao cho chiu di ca mi
bc trong 1 chu k o pha phi gn bng nhau.
Nu im trung tnh c ni vi b phn dp h quang th s gy
ra cng hng ni tip khi c in p d ln v lm nh hng n ng
dy thng tin.
+ ng dy 220kV dy dn c b tr trn nh ca tam gic.
+ ng dy 500kV dy dn b tr trn mt mt phng.

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6.Khung nh v:
Vi ng dy truyn ti phn pha, ngi ta s dng khung nh v
mi pha vi khong cch thch hp gi cc dy dn trong 1 pha
nhm trnh cc hin tng sau :
(1) Sc ht t trng gia cc dy dn trong 1 pha.
(2) Cc dy dn trong 1 pha giao ng hoc dnh vo nhau khi
gi.
(3) Dy dn b xon bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh gi hay tuyt ,
gin n dy dn khi nhit dy dn thay i.
Cc yu t nh hng n khung nh v
- Loi dy dn: ng knh dy dn ln hn th bin giao ng
cng tng. Dy dn ln vi xon bn cht th khong cch cc
khung nh v ln .
- S dy dn phn pha: S dy phn pha cng nhiu th khong
cch gia cc khung nh v cng nh cho khong cch gia cc
dy dn l ging nhau.
- Khi lng dy dn
- c trng kt cu ca dy dn ( xon cht)
- Khong cch gia cc dy dn trong 1 pha.
- Sc cng dy dn: Lc cng dy dn cng ln th bin giao
ng cng nh. Sc cng ln hn th khong cch ln nht gia cc
khung nh v s di hn.
- Dng in ln hn th khong cch ln nht gia cc khung
nh v s ngn hn.
- Vn tc gi ln hn th khong cch ln nht gia cc khung
nh v s ngn hn.
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 Truyn ti in k Lk - Ti liu o to cng nhn
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- dy tuyt bm trn b mt dy dn .Tuyt ri nhiu th bin
giao ng cng tng ln nn khong cch gia cc khung nh v
ngn hn.
- Khong cc gia khung nh v tng ln th bin giao ng
tng ln.

Pha trn

Khung nh v ng dy 220kV

Khung nh v ng dy 500kV

7.Chng rung dy dn v dy chng st:

B chng rung c lp t gn kha no hoc kha
chng hin tng dy dn b rung, hin nay c cc loi chng rung sau.
(1) Chng rung xon kp (Double Torsional Damper )
Chng rung loi ny l hai khi hnh qu c gn vi hai u cui
ca on dy cp (bng thp ko si), rung ca dy dn s b kh
do s rung xon ngc nhau ca chng rung v dy dn.

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Chng rung dy dn

(2) Chng rung kiu hc cu (Stock bridge Damper)

Chng rung kiu cu lm gim lc tc ng ln dy dn nh c
trit tiu vi rung ca gim chn hnh tr c khi lng c gn vo
cp bn c v tr gia nh kp. Chng rung c gn sao cho
khi lng ca n tc ng trc tip theo phng vung gc v pha di
dy dn.
Khong cch lp chng rung t 1,5-1,8m tnh t im lp kho mng dy.

Chng rung dy chng st

*
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