ERL FACTS @ ASSAB ASP 23 SPR Serr Moe unelitam Toy metallurgical cold work tool steel 6 : x |oe Critical tool steel properties for “S000 TOOL PERFORMAN. * Correct hardness for the application High wear resistance * High toughness to prevent premature failure due to chipping/crack formation. High wear resistance is often associated with low toughness and vice-versa. However, in many cases. both high wear resistance and toughness are essential for optimal tooling performance. ASP 23'is a powder metallurgical tool steel offering ‘an excellent combination of wear resistance and. toughness. ‘TOOLMAKING + Machinability ‘+ Heat treatment * Grinding * Dimensional stability in heat treatment * Surface treatment. ‘Toolmaking with highly alloyed tool steels means ‘that machining and heat treatment are often more ofa problem than with the lower alloy grades. This. can, of course, raise the cost of toolmaking. ‘The powder manufacturing route used for ASP 23 ‘means thatits machinability is superior to that of similar conventionally produced grades and some highly alloyed cold work tool steels. ‘The dimensional stability of ASP 29 in heat treat- iment is excellent and predictable compared to conventionally produced high alloy steels, This, coupled with its high hardness, good toughness and high temperature tempering, means that ASP 23 is very suitable for surface coating, in particular for PVD. Stainless steel fastener blanked with an ASP 23 die and VANADIS 4 punch. Applications ASP 23 is especially suitable for blanking and forming of thinner work materials where a mixed (abrasive-adhesive) or abrasive type of wear is encountered and where the risk for plastic de- fosmatin of he working sures ofthe elie high, e.g. * Blanking of medium to high carbon steels * Blanking of harder materials such as hardened or cold-rolled strip steels * Plastics mould tooling subjected to abrasive wear contivon + Phases rocessing pars, fed serews, bare! ner nozzles, serew tps, non eum check ring valves, pellitizer blades, granulator knives, General ASP 23 isa chromium molybdenum-tungsten vanadium alloyed high speed steel which is characterized by: ‘* High wear resistance (abrasive profile) ‘High compressive strength * Very good through-hardening properties * Good toughness. * Very good dimensional stability on heat treat ment © Very good temper resistance. Typical eo) & | Me | wl vy araiss% 128, 42 | 80 ea | at seansard Spectication (AISI MS2NW..Ne 1.3944) Dalry Sandiién | Sok annealed to apeox. 2000 Colour code | VioletProperties PHYSICAL DATA. Hardened and tempered condition, Temperature | 20" 4006 | 600°C | (or) | GsoF) oF Density % 7980 7870 7805 earn e287 | 020 oan Modis of | “elastety Nia 730000 | 205000 184000 ist S3ci> | SOx1e arx 10? Thermal ~ conductivity wine. 24 8 a7 ‘COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSIONIN- DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE INTERVALS Tenperaiure range Costcien Beefs 18 x 10 20 - poe 4 ao = OS Hos 8 4 8 x 10 ek ie Ba kioe 27 ie 188 io $e 516 | Fourpoint bend testing. ‘Specimen size: 5mm (0.2") @. Loading rate: 5 mm/min. (0.2'/min.). Austenitizing temperature: 990-1180°C (1810-216)°F).. ‘Tempering: 3 x 1h at 560°C (1040°P). censors cotton | ‘Bend fracture svength ool | [Pontiac | e009 nee PPS 5 10 | | 0 4000 4-016 o of Jp a Hardness HRC } Bend yield strength ea _Tetaldetecion 9g 08, = | | 1000-1 1004 | _o a 3-012 IMPACT STRENGTH Approximate room temperature impact strength at different hardness levels. Specimen size: 7x 10x 55 mm (0.27"x0.40"x2.29. Specimen type: unnotched. Tempering: 3x 1h at 560°C (1040°F). Longitudinal direction. posed onary Tes 69, 40 | 30 40l— 20. 20 10 | i ba 8B HD Hardness HRC Serewbolt forged in an ASP 23 tool.SEE TR EU A NNN ASP 23 Heat treatment SOFT ANNEALING Protect the stee! and heat through to 850-900°C (1580-1850°F). Then cool inthe fumace at 10°C/h 20°F /t) to 700°C (12H°F), then freely in air __ STRESS RELIEVING ter rough machining the tool should be heated through to 600-700°C (1110-1299°), holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C 30°F), then freely in air HARDENING - Preheating temperature: 450-500" C (840-930°F) ‘and 850-900°C (1560-1650°F). Austenitizing temperature: 1050-1180°C (1920 2160°F) according to the desired final hardness, see diagram below. ‘The tool should be protected against decarburization and oxidation during hardening, Final hardness" HAS. 5 | ‘980 1000 1020 1040 1050 1080 1100 1120 1140 11607160" "800 1830 1870 1990 1940 1980 2019 1050 2080 21z021e0 F Aucionitizing tomparature * Haraness aner tempering 3 times for | nour at 880°C (1090"6}. Recommended holding time, fuidized bed, vacuum or aumosphere furnace Holaing tie, min, opt 10001050 3100 1150 ca 18001920 2010 2100 - Ausiontiing temperature Note: Holding time ~ time st eustenitizing tempera. ture after the twol is fully heated through, Total soaking time in a salt bath afer precheating i two Stages at 450°C (840°R) and 850°C (1560°R) Hlcing time, in, 1050°C 19207) 11006 2010") 190° (2180) 0 2 408080100120 wm 0 08 18 24 32 4 48 inh Wall nickness, dameter PYD coated tools in ASP 23 for cold jorming of tubes,ea TTT-graph (isothermal transformation). -Austenitizing temperature 1080°C (1980° F). Holding time 30 minutes. 6 © 0005 1100 aang pra oO 1800 | 1000 ee ‘on — pone wets 1400 800) , vioo 7 1007 ep 800-400 600 | 300) «00 200 200) 100 Nartensite | a nano i a 0 Ss Te 0 aoe Me Loos a To nom CCT graph (continuous cooling). Austenitizing temperature 1080°C (1980°F). Holding time 30 minutes. fo 2000-)1100 Se wre +00 | 1000 1600, 0} Ac 280 ‘0 Ayer BIS'C ) 1400 d ‘700 12007 - | eco} 1000 eg 300 460] 500) 560 400 | 200] 200.| 100] r 10 00 7000-19 000—-160000 Seconds 1 10 100 1000 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours 02 15 io 90 {600 Air ccoling of bars, O mm ctQUENCHING MEDIA * Vacuum furnace with high speed gas at suff cient overpressure (2-5 bar) + Martempering bath or fluidized bed at approx. 580°C (1020°F) Forced air/gas. ‘Note 1: Quenching should be continued unti the temperature of the tool reaches approx. 50°C (220°F}. The tool should then be tempered im- mediately, ‘Note 2:For applications where maximum tough- nnessis required use a martempering bath ora fumace with sufficient overpressure. ‘TEMPERING For cold work applications tempering should always be carried out at 560°C (1040°F) irrespec- live of tie austenitizing temperature, Temper three times for one hour at full temperature. The tool should be cooled to room temperature hetween the tempers. The retained austenite content will be less than 1% after this tempering cycle, 130°C (1920-2070°F) and tempering 3x 1 hat 560°C (LO40°R). Specimen size: 80 x 80x 80 mm @"x 3" x 3") and 100x 100 x 25 mm (4""x 4"x 1"), Dimensional changes: growth in length, width and thickness +0,03% ~ 40.13% SUB-ZERO TREATMENT Pieces requiring maximum dimensional stability can be subzero treated as follows: Immediately after quenching the piece should be subzero treated to between ~70 to -80°C (-95 and 10°F), soaking time 1-3 hours, followed by tem- pering. Subzero treatment will givea hardness increase of -1 HRC. Avoid intricate shapes as there will be risk of cracking, ‘Tooling parts for canning indusiry, mm ASP 23 HIGH TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES ‘TEMPERING RESISTANCE Hardness os a function of holding time at diferent working temperatures. Austenitizing temperature: 1050-1130°C (1920- 2070°F). Tempering: 3x 1 h at 560°C (1040°F). Hardness HAC —— f——~ | 200 (111077) | Tire how — 1130°6 (2070"F) = 1080°6 (1960°F} 1050°¢ (1920°F) Hot hardness Austenitizing temperature: 1180°C @160°P). ‘Tempering 3x 1 h at 560°C (1040°F). Hardness HV10 1900 . Holding time at tom. 10 mi, 200 | 600 1 400} 200 ne L : } ° 200 “400 600-2006 30399 701110 STOASP 23 Surface treatments Some cold work tools are given a surface treatment in order to reduce friction and increase tool wear resistance. The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and surface coating with wearresis- tant layers of titanium carbide and titanium nitride (CVD, PVD). ASP 23 have been found to be particularly suitable ‘or titanium carbide and titanium nitride coatings. ‘The uniform carbide distribution in ASP 29 facil- tates bonding of the coating and reduces the spread of dimensional changes resulting from hardening. This, together with its high strength and toughness, makes ASP 23 an ideal substrate for high wear surface coatings. MTRIDING ‘A brief immersion in a special salt bath to produce a nitrided diffusion zone of 2-20 wm is recommend ed, This reduces the friction on the envelope sur- {ace of punches and has various other advantages. Laver depth in um 9.0016: 40. 0.001230) 0 5 10 15 ain api of nitriding layer ‘after nerosarbunzing at 970°C (1060°F) Punched plate. PyD Physical vapour deposition, PVD, is ¢ method of applying a wear-resistant coating at temperatures between 200-500°C (390-930° F). As ASP 23 is high temperature tempered at 560°C (1040°F) there is no danger of dimensional changes during PVD coating. ‘Chemical vapour deposition, CVD, applying wear-resistant surface coatings at a tem: perature of around 100°C (1890°F). It is recom- mended that the tools should be separately hard- ened and tempered in a vacuum furnace after surface treatment.2 seer ETERNAL cNEEEEE ASP 23 Cutting data iting recommendations Set sare Souler face niin a | ag iting wih earico ‘Thecenting cata poow aretonecmideredas ayy | MM? see | guiding values which must be adapted to existing | parameters | Rovahmiting | Five iting | Eno mating | oo S| sco sce | vo . TURNING | fpm| 335-435 | 495-05 | 40 7 Tuning Taming | [Feed (ty) witeenie | wnt | |Rtosn | 02-03 | 01-02 | 01 cunng cata etme | | MMC | B3 Bball OZee] odd Pret |r uma] ree umny | sees] | teeee =i Breas | oe | ae | ae Gytina speed Toy aso | aaa | 15 inet _| 003-016 | aov-0.08 | 004-608 ee ore | oe | | lexi es | ome |. Feed 02-04. 05-02 0.05 0.3. een 7 nmi | 02. 9 ‘ * Woo a woor resistant coated carte gk, for exanpe | TR [aSh: bso oi ios eBEE-Sita| * oanenrmnar td npc Bean | ka as-2_ | 05-3 2) in | oof de | 088° doe | 088-812 End muting : Carbide: 7 7 Type of milling ror | pw | | Sesanaton 80 | ) |cuting data | soia | ,Setge, [high specs "Use a wear resistant coated carbide grade, forexample | perameters. | Carbide inser sie! Sandvik Coromant GC4015 or SECO TP 100. ————— er —_ aa seed HORA) sss | o-wo | Tom) so-ies | 9489 | Se DRILLING mmvicoh | 0.01 -0.02" | 006-02" | oo1-03° intbot_| 00004 - 0.006" 0.092 0.008%p.0004- 0.012% mm | inn | mim) tpm | mmc | ip = 3|_-aue[ ase: | ara | 008095] onozo.cs | 10] aneas | Se | 2-47 | 015.025) doo6-0e%0 0-15] we se | Bie | 2dr | o2sa%5| ooioate 15-20] a 134 | su | drat | 38.049] ooisatie Koo Pos . For coated HSS ond rill (V,) = 20-25 nimnin (66-99 fp.) * Depending on radialdapth ofeua ara cuter alamosor Coated carbide GRINDING * For TN coated HSS lil (V,) = 25-30 m/min. (63-106 fm) General grinding wheel recommendation is given below More informatfon ean be found in the ASSAB publication "Grinding of Tool Stee’. Carbide acts p : [Tipe ot Thpecfarning | Ametee [ — Hatiend |euting dia indoxavte | Soig | rareg, | [Fasegmire | AssHV | Bian ays” GGaariies | Micat® | St. | Sag | [ae giice scone | “Catne sed | or RHO, ote | a | as | tpm.| 350-435 135 17 Fave grinding A24GV 38G 36 HVS* | Free) mir | 0.08 - 0, 10 -0.15"| 0.10 -0.207 " on rine 008-0148 | 9.10-0-8%| 010-070") . . |0.003 - 0.0067) 0.004 -0.006"| 0.004 -0.0087 | Cytinanical ACO 8126 R75 BS" | staan 355 00105" | a0 i wit rel cooing channels nd trae aie ip ” Depending on dil diameter. Internal grieding | Ado 8126 875.83" 386 60 NS" Aco rte gincng | Arco | srorewov" 998 40 KS" UO 1 possible use CON whos fer this appication. ® Grnaing whe rom Noon Co.soon Electrical-discharge machining IF EDM is performed in the hardened and tempered condition, finish with "fine-sparking’, ie. low eurrent, high frequency. For optimal performance the EDM surface should then be ground\polished and the tool retempered at approx. 585°C (995°F), Relative comparison of ASSAB cold work tool steel MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND RESISTANCE TO FAILURE MECHANISMS ASSAB grace Hardnase Machin: | Gring | Dimensicn aiity | ability | stably chipping! eeaaking Plastic cetorma- ten DF-2/ OFS CALMAX xw-10 wvasonw42| xHs | vanaois 4 | vananrs 10] ASP23 ie; "3 —_ @