‘ther hardvare companenta can he connected directly to the motherboard, including caticom access memory (RAM), he CPU and expansion cates, Expansion cards offer additional lunctionelity. such aseahanced graphics processing.and additional USB ports. Random access memory Q eavomal Random accessinerry (RAM) ikraernony that ese tostore curently active proyrams and data, The nore RAM that {saa tothe compute, thw morerdata ant pedgrams can besed at the sare ime ‘This is particutarly important in multitasking environments, when several programs may be apen at the same (ire When the RAM becomes full, programs or data that ace fio longer active will be removed tn miske space lor new programs or data. Ifthe RAM becémes full and there are no inactive programs ardats to remove, then an area of secondary storage (ey, hat disc drive (HED) ors state alrive (SSD)) known as virtual memory 6 usid lo expand theamount of memary availabe to the CPU. Vietual memory b verystow becuse seconchary storage acces times are thousands of times slower than RAM cass times. RAM is volatile, which means the content ofthe memory Islostil there is no pawerfo the RAM. When you are using computer and experience powor cut, this why the data you are currently using is lost unfesn it has recently been saved to secondary storage Read only memory Read only memory (ROM) Is memary that, once thas been swfitten to, can no longer be charged. Its permanent and it smon-volatile, which means that when there's a9 power to the computer, the contentsof the ROM wil re retained, This because iti powered fay a srl lang ile battery, 17 Ira tcregrutiy here i asily some ROM that Stones the instructioaato boot (start) the computer. ) ROMs also used insti devices sch as ealplators shove there isonly one progam at set of instractions vas "Find outwit is he porpoxe of programma peod only ‘memory (PROM) ad sable programmable reed ony mmamory (EPROM), Graphics card A graphics card is also wnoinnas.a video cane splay adapter or graphics edaptee itis printed crew boaid that connects to one of the motherboards expansion slots ts plipose stb generale the signals needed to spay the output image Irom the carnpuer. hen the traphics adaptors integrated into the motherboard and does not require aseparatecard However, by using a separate card, the praphies pedormance can be lmproved as. separate processar ean be used for graphics raphics processingurit) Figure 2.03-A graphics card. Graphics cards include a variety of options for aurput. Standard video praphles areay (VGA) output ta 3 monitor is achieved through the RGB port which transmits rd, preon and blue signals to the monitor in ananalogue Format. High definition display & achieved throughva high-definition multimeda interface (HEM port. Another option is Dig! Video interface (O¥0 which supports igh resolution dlsplays using cipital sigral Sound card The purpose ata soune! card iste generate the signals needed to output sour! fram the computer tow spiexker ‘or set of speakers. tin often pn integrated part the matheiboart and will inchide sige autpst for audio (green socket, sing input for a microphone (red socket)