ty Hale 2 So, in in Ou OX ARN von ee ing i Pt Gorn So an gS Coan in nd SisGimtatat ey raat Nope ay gi ga scree ig tg my an cect et tte a ie iy npn Cag ani Dy eta tek ie ens AIS105.3 | CONTENTS if tari i ne and te Acheron Sewing the scene 1 lovrodactions king the means temper reasore ad refectines sr Sead an une Public archacolgy inthe ited Sates inthe early Meriaige methodologies investigating texts 1 Thehiscory ofertas: 4 metho aang Iiuive iseoriogenty 3s8 HERITAGE ETHNOGRAPHY AS A SPECIALISED CRAFT Grasping maritime heritage in Bermuda Charlote Andros Heritage as ethnographic object Given thar the busgconing eld of Heritage Stuis des nor yet fer a se ‘tablish methodologies eo cheoe fom reeurchers are chaleged, boa fe, empl sone lines enquiry cowards ur aim «mote completa pon my dora sly mate hetagen erm and by ways ‘rein peaned intgh ithe pat offstage wa eg ‘hie sly This chapter ny earch ey tre too Usman, which suggest be ered here chmagrapay Te ta loge eects flows needs be pune bere Peet gen approaches and sks dnc to Retageethnopeny wi Aging ka etree and ountrptuctive paren tats chow bestage ethnography isoramechaninccorreplasirmetnd esa Aeearth ava and seruty inde ako ee esis cera consciously ages hee axial exer eel 1990, Commanieive peusce Dis S000 erased in sh someting pepe ts Smith 2006) Thisiteecaion eon 4s rail specie with rape to fc te ermemiy of tales en main and ee asocate indent ech tebe cha aly it something of «ning signer (Weis 2007" AL) te sean Senyemaking cpl with this metal chewy bound! ap ae te {velctin of meaning enti andes -allerceaeeened Undertantings of care. Yer ertgeethnopuphy,nersanly bea ‘nite away fm ethereal phenomena by muniainny ne agen ‘ithmemoryandhisoryeven in sualsuntypcleder bese eae im Ivo with che narrow dein of ercage athe use of the past in he Jiro This eoncerestion on hestage rect she ever-expanding spe of phy and ts recent disciplinary trend eo focus om specie, abst lyst ot study, and conversely, sits ia conerast wich litional ethnagcahic sla chat claim compere stay fa cle The quaiaiv-ethao= opie made of sud, enalingBldwoc co cacy observe pele in tie (ds and employing coresponding menes of analyse nal writing suger and Doses 1997), responds ta heritage being cultusly seated, his approach shits the gaze from the aciemic tot sctual fom heritages ineletalconcepe eo heritage aan experience. Yee heritage thea hy sam exploratory endeavour chat seeks dep anel tensive net Hang oberiageeowans generating and refining cheory This question of what constitu beige a an epercnce reins one af st sgnifean ensons within dhe heritage puaiga, a is etal to ishing erage edhnography as an explicit metho The unckslyiag mis ofthe ethnography highlighted here ie tha heriage i ‘knoe Yolity (Koel 2007: 1) or meter won, concrete crise data hat can be ioc aa iterogae via icldwork, Avan eee in asembloge, heritage Flosraphy uses akin of archeological sensibly pick up, contextual fd untajos: rgmenesot heritage in oner conceal explore and mode the peomena, Sill. che method is highly subjective. The werk isnot making sbsote Jn abou heritage, but mach lke pot-procesual peace of whol fin bsery,emkes afeenees about evidence that Soften ambigns cera Our data may beempinal bu iti antsy given’ tke Te Jeeps inthe seas of Being actively sour after tnd determined (Chip nll 2000: 1) Just ar eny analysis originates rm hertage so tos estas Fat by and i the resenech proces. Thi sbjecvity i demandes by the hue of etinogrphy asa unique interaction between eeacher and cones, ‘sel asechnogmphy being constructed naraiveor textual eelac sed ‘newer acleicquestionsand explore concept (lillord 1988). Thesubjetive future of the wor sowed in equal measire tothe inherent renewal (Wotton? 2003) or “seve eeu (Busch 2005: 227) of henge ele Aallling the mesial an wbmgrpby sera the bass of the work in elity Ii des noe deny its subjecrve marure or analytic intention, "heise in ethoogtapic aypanches thar imo understand dhe nature of ving and how the ase constiutl ad lad inthe scot Sit 2006; 5) occured over the pst decd, ad i ow anes in an aay of work on identiy, memary, pce, comminiation, performance, his, cology ana material culture. Meieage estoy alo impli nuh heritage peat, given the ‘insstenly public nature of arhaclesiea tos andmnaseums (eke ad Pes 2005; 25} nde eriage potas we ehnograpy, interviewing and uate each on al ats eon Hr wen (Ketel 2006: 17) lap thee pres she developmen utage etnegraphy remains ascent; baving yet grow Sm a sub nce standby mera ee that breathe eyecandy fully hse, Nor hs Hericage Stuies rere tn cly conser et tihng asa cea plisophy and method Thus my undereking Iria echography as mater of yneessing exiting approaches, The illowing apna Laerows rom generic qualcative ae ech mettdblogies and broader sail dene. Pariclay in ight of the tury of heriageehsography, dese outtake ae hep co is cstorsst Chasing sppropriace mechods was not, howevte, & matter of ancl Iuluption or predeerining ny path. Rather, che vasons methods Lore ore thereon shaped by being posted within hereage exhnogeapy, ‘at heritage etheagraphy another ex with he same den ben Hs ot previo been coed acess to the immaturity af te method ini 4 Ghk wer muy pede tobe a semantic move forsaking a TWH Othe eve; however, my nsension sto sugges x clergece fi Salierelinprphios al vo fst an explicit and conssene Language alive taearch enc forthe area sey, ‘Atrio concept ol heritage as an enographic objec has ben Inisease ro he dvelapmene of heceage ehongrapy a «method and eo onceptalvatn of heritage gene. Hentbeaton and erie of "Auhoried Heritage Discourse Smith 2006) pring ax eo ate natimaival though academic inte, hereage management eum pets —hs became sophisticated and reflexive, giving us lah {fom which we may father expan the conception of hetage. Yee heritage research remain teceaed to sts and iitaves the te rela straight forsal sble ad sf, keeping the conse deployed i nly aa aos familiar ways, Work grvistes to polite, snlceal oF coat ences, Heiage dat promotes authenticity and sustainability vet hl space oc that which ceates or conveys ceneensus a legitimacy represented. Seuies central on pacicula event, cnfices of eres te ‘outed or the way sey bring bh theorescl an sal sues in sae ln noncchles eet only cerein ~cften highly discursive other liners of beritage: Kent or walorised oui, seu, ack ial ad historic site ae sanded subjects, td established! an oll aracives ten grou and delimit henge eeseach. Appreciation Integration or even indiscinguihabliry. of tangible and ineangble spt hei s mounting (Smith 2006) be der ssl dspoporconste sell pil maecally manifest heiage. While these topies and apps bese "ali ad valuable research inte, cbey reinforce structural logics We 1079 chat demic both the aademicconcepealsation al de acta heritage ad convey the file im peeaontha rent scholarship dl athe scope of the penernena~ when trent act, ‘Avcantent scan o€ major bert earth propensity and rewal «coresyonig serenely pati i conboewe Ww 1 or sable, indicating 4 reseach cule with an aversion co sk, Fis ovienaion isa indicative of a widespread asturmption of publi def shiny towards erzage tha undesice many well-intentioned ye self-serving, Jorroising. and ulemacey alienating, oueeach and education iniiaive mis herieage” for Lace of 2 etter term, recive tlaively sce despite ts personal, everyday and naraged phewomena which are ably mare mesningol to trees. A gett ofiemacen can expand tite of koown heritage uses and dhe there idioms wed under Hl hon, making oa bertge concepalsaton and corresponding este ‘Wot wel ended Sach geasrouts beste is bene by working from the ged up and determining] the marker and substances of heritage frm gears priorities and vals. iis quite sub Visca communi wil ave a much more comprehensive ad nce te sere ofthe connections Herwecn past and present (Chambers 204 204) fiom the botom-ap (rm dee caneaee wth hate who engage wick {i rather than fom the “rp down, in exms of evaluating how Iiage relates co and is conzlled by larger aber entites ie the tae andor the nation (cClaashan 2004 8-9) ying ceboogeapy nd such genet erection with concentration Wie more erereay and peranal heritage of individals and communities, Vi invoton isto give geasmans heriage the stecion fe deserves and 0 mote asaviabieobjecofsnay. all the ime, do nce meant perpetuate AP vinplistic wasseaes-autheried dchoromy that implies tha the forme i Ire aid or sueheni’ and de the eer "snt or ieologialy dive, Fh bring uses ae highly eget, especially with she inci! rl of We jotesional and academic seror in dening, crating and promocing Dine, My troctorg data consistently challenged he dese vo ate ard fore a more ‘oan’ stat of Reig, in eat any etch for unaerated log irevoably lest Any ca eo cry heritage 100 per conc nga A fowl une, and denies the constructed mart ofall eager nae Jovenotion or sae. There tis work dining gsi erage But hes asely or dangerously seperate ero ts broader cular stractue, Althsgh both hertageednoarapy in general and my project in patil Bier isteumealis pr, dhe work cs have an pple mention ia Be oy co caro real-world problems tse acaeria(Rabinow 2008, My wncere is the alienaon of here ecto and museun ree al Anite. dertore sek tingle sd ineeate my data and ides Wits beige penis, and within this pass to mints specifiy. {am Ppvtri in tow we exit eh helagesiented wy a thinking and‘working within daily curatorial prstice, while remaining realistic sboue th inevitable institutional constints of such an approach. Keeping prctie inact inthe work serves to here the teary prc and challenge the chia rats, yee, importantly, the methodology an abject uf tcy se not oe “kecrmined by practice. Min of the hedtage pestcone, this wore dem sees the value of'the space to ele, and exponen depth» the space rechnk and eo inrerrogate cei policy ad prc, ad tose the ale ‘ngavng wich theory and aberration’ (Young 2002207) “Todevel heritage ethnography over iis pees) to develop ways ‘xpos heritage‘ the wild Those oa exploring such gasroes ber feed beter sens of what we ae ar, ow we mage thee eta eh integrate the knowlege gained ‘bac into more maiesseam esti pst and discourse. This support & peed in terms of a philesophy ees acide eather than ast of fed guidlines, herby enabling researches oninuoasy build chs distinc: methodology ehroagh personalised tee experiences, Avarenesof the Ways we negate snd peace ur ethno iscsentaleoexploring an abserae object like beriage chat often el a {oneasy and too dlifiealero geesp othe hoy chet my experience ny pa ‘ome uel guidance to other esearches, che twa scons tt follow tel eal the ways T concep maritime Berm my case sty hrestageas an ethnographic ubjee within i Praming the heritage fle Noundies is crucial co sucesso ethaagephic work. Like most esa wes ese stiy to cicumsc ibe my une analyst sea psn snp (Van Wyasberghe and Khan 2007) My ‘ep wns fcuson my community einer, Bermeala* Though ca ‘ite implies comparison, ¥appoatid ee Island sa sige cee al Hvstascion with cxtensiby sini” eons such a Caribbean ate, ‘will spl the research to thin or invite inappropriate ieee Susi both the vansorional ingen loeal approche 1999) atl bicked the ee of iotepeting hetage throu proven. ‘lbalcation Kaper a 2006) in order explo one national cua ‘nary (Appadir 139) in which heritage Gomesticated and exper Yollowiog Daniel, bue with a here Sos, he esis exerplinaony rely eo show the manser in which ealty i cll alist «const but bow dy "(1996 14) Juss Berm st ‘ol aeration saggesting auniversl meaning sce fr heritage, neste ‘nique example th melts into eelaivm (Flyebyerg 2000) Ser with problen-oriented ethoogephy, the Berm ive has wider imply heritage theory ad peace, as well ae umallseale communtiy a ‘tule. ‘The Rev. Alar Ewing's 178 assent of Berm 8 “hough his po isa gree of the wean be en ii alt m My terest Berths neither abiry nor vole academic, logical ‘wl ako pesonal. Being Bermudian gives me a0 intimate tlaionship with el ste, one shat is parialary Fit. and revealing for gases Hecicae ehnography. 1 am pact of «growing minosty uf researchers wi Ival koowiedge and experience (Colie-Peisher 2004), for whim "ane a (olsty are puccualy salen’ (Davies 1999: 4), with bath benef and Inuit arising fom my heightened femliniy paraliy and emer aie Nome secting. Mine i ‘fret auto" (Clifd 19996) tha i ste he research and counters hens deprecation al apace tio the henge fells, expecially sn small cade sites Hike Berl Dil, 10 inate my famitacty or neeity bis che Islands packed nke-up and my by pesconing, a Clifford aac ae can be an inert all sectors of «community. Hew the hiking locations ae managed, bow fit dicrecon and ert spective ae sustained havebeen a wil enn mates acti Inpronsaion as mucha. formal mertedlogy (life 1997 86) Hk mone sgniicane ofthese siting lneaton” for me are ere: fst, being « white Bermudian inthe sttscal minority? moving sioly int fps consciousness af my ‘unearned skin pile’ second bing lal Fiage practitioner corfoating ahora! nation of hertage with which is willingly indoctineed dosing my tenure at she Derm rie Miseur (BBN and hie, being a novice researcher arbieacing heme ‘ocr wich a necessary areal detachment, shes what Jeganaehan telson epistemological ethic disciplined fect (2005: 151). yeti pon sacion’ ofthese positions subvered oy nsliacion to thik o myelE Je vbjectve or aan-invalved (Colc-Peisker 2004) eater una exacher ho Inns wich my subjetsancenvinmen 40o-cnatoct he world (Davies Hi»), was challenged co acknowielge and negotiate my ‘embeded ethics WMoshtl ant Pls 2005) Proportorally, my interactions forced ew scp Wavide mye, o engage in # kindof method: acting where f medial the leswantngs aed experiences of my subjects The reexvty Temple has fore been arly mene, a8 wallow bh my sulci and my nc’ wo decermine che hedge emerging though tis ethno, Heritage in Bermuda proved to beso ich a tpi that fregutes econd foetal wy focus othe Island ase hes heme woul Fe wrightorward fr me to ier hue my oc knowlege and festa) Inia ove many posible paths urged me to addes lea ice and 1 che impor ofthis ehaie foe aearc that tse nud coon Ste hereage. ically, ny een BMIM ly minaly sagged Hearse heme, and is cles muse prions hepe me wy ty Wie! koowtge of marie history aid cule, paemenc anu thebaci oie of from comemporary Herma sl enhanced my ent ol considerable debate, ils sara lucance tht mee forum. a ‘With the srt of eldwak, bowers, my etenatios cise a anpropeatenss sd efx ofthe theme became elfen: Any el mbonlencel rete wae te ou nsecaty daet marty ‘ahavas for ecg eksograpy inet semua. Myre ‘hat Bermudian” stato withthe en cul bes vale sa cpa ‘eseuch plo ened aoand seve seibtes tha were Hoel ‘xcompavied by certain challenges. The folowing chanctete ae ‘0 my prec, eine the kindof ules other eiage shoe Inght ok or in shaping an jung thease sey sees Masini nar with Bros de commun eine scrment and all millennim of history There wa a lack of poe ‘ematl ege wih nor ny eninge hee ya ‘realty in Dermat they en cola ter con Srkdwide,Bucherore, maritimiy fer ccs tom eteenco 2ston of Berm’ diese ail, sckcoomic and genre trope. This adds he pacity fel ear ha tae ervennlyepreened denmgphis Ava ales arm al late resstance, but promeral ay cmt with people, eases spect wth which fam but nora es al & igh wen upon eh aie eset ewe yl ings heavy weighted to malinfrmants ord ascii Mt) feroral communication, 2006) However the nag ale ts ‘Bac tmped my rpetenatie cence; bes contest a some my Fomine npn ‘Despite ite demographic sewing owas mesculiiey, marimiy i sively tel and inlsive compared vo more divs oe expla themes hat cee dew communication of here meng as by comin nos, nib esti he reo ay coins ms esccher ad Tlpntitoner wih fegieted ‘Stig. Ths hee avis prciptan, oon sa ey a ding so actualy povided accesso mae pialy lean en The Sta earitmiy was «eal cf cer me wan conde ring tml atic o ne efor alo quinn the dee o which erage echograpses pucaleylcal one sy ‘challenged orncenforabl. Ihave ales ome weenie th Pat Macimcy applies to but cal and global hese anagem muscu patie lending iy resco sppil dense, fa Bea tari heritage sine o varus organi ee Siecling wieh BMA's msn a nea esvcltemping oseinwene al For eday’s increasing so-maritime sc Fin mariimity fa es obvions, ess concious eype of hecitage Uns ertage searchers and protsonersustlly gaviate eo, one reatively Jiwchsd by pops Pissed dscplinary perceptions of here ~ “hoe oreommodinel induce Tallow the sigs moc liga an cepa the moe ireling Scbnamieso dri ang te iage dap sae Mactinityear pacer tekage plenamen end los hie open mice pe mee The er the Bemus al mrtine meres the oe Hon eRe nies, seepende’ sn inescangebe eich cdymumic dete salobleeand fdas etn abe aromecat epic hae semingl ads sess tn aston nee ec ee th ro he Meee ekAR te penne trang eey ht more conpey, rans econ any Ye peruse rial ees Trini osety pei nen lp ee ete hyo eon ie whncing bch lc toe Bea seis et teeing fl ie arme sr. By Wh ine ene days ching, ari gine che mec Ie sa whee nd mc cy ty es Soe ces thar pen operates ‘pt Big te peace sty whee maritime seme ws suite te ld py p's ery. Ths wa tie Mee soi erty of mace aabiemes~ hae la. Aiea S's inl th many see es en Wieetet themes as hingosing All howerer ae magne aaeeneeesne ap mainy cv on triage and ey 0 ease tse Coneenior spi aoa memings Boome Jia cents chimed with hte ncaa aca seas icg Wteee my oe be an inte eri ok racine (ila thee encan nee ayn oan ox, Ass sf eae as mold a elo eres arming ose ites aes by tine smear mid per sacs ep une caer ane eee cna eek Dee tabu mace ad yal krone, USSU Setar lc would uel dita col bes WISE EN SSetct amo proceed econnstenc era eee! White tha wees echt of ce ent teenage cecil in seme ene ng 2 Heese Eton ine he Ald ges this ck of sms porated oe tng ort hee so glean berieage one bing sing, hn Tighechive lice conerageand a sense of ai. As began wor, cals lew interviewees or evens relate t such singular prided contain lita, nor could Tpasict what maritime associations would are. Thi wat “opecaly so gihen he separable mature of many iid mines ad Imastine histces, cultesand networks A lditem sprawling cicerdan nl nc apping sce manageable or esearch seeking compehensie Cinenge. However, the objeceve of conceprunsing entage actual “ean sacha satershoe approach othe bed, one aalogeus to Candas Ite devie of abicaylceion’ The abiciry location isthe actually exiting instance, whose messiness, contingency and lak of an cerchingcobeence of Ineaning serve 3 'ontol fora broader aber abjee of ey. Fee bry” aaa ear maeery relation the wiler objec of | stily the abiriy laciton allows one 10 reehinle concep fis 10 callenge thet coherence aad hee etalizing spiaione the arbitrary location is space which cuts through meaning The Uecision odo site forthe sey a something ele, with all the blind spots an Himitacans which chi implies, » productive fom of mech asec (Cards 2007: 180) Tele ia ler vo heep my Focus on evita a an aberace concept Peromenn, T cat wide net over maritime Berm. 1 eravlled pected injector and crosed domains following sore, debates, i Prope, objects ax even fous. Jside the Beemaala ease study T emt Mateus mult-sical ethnography (995, 1999) and Clio’ a (19974, 0) My collage ike approach mere ce aeaives of previous icin, ns and programmes on Bermuda maciime heritage, suggest that ores ive Hala simula inclination with this topic. Miers Imumorysoy' heritage rei ted en experimencal ar concept of shal nating’ (Baer 2006), 1 had to wack randomly, as Teaco Informaots and inbrmation, fieqaencly schling interviews ad el shine cing wat afen beyond my contre I ame co embrace une Trekiwore evs anal snc, including stenliptousenes such athe eel ‘fie natol Hertage Mont 2007 Bermads's Marcie Conretins The idea wast tocavereveryhing ooroverwbelm myself witha cap ‘of maritime elements, butt experience maeime beta asic ise locviualy ancl collectively by Bermudian: a something Fame tinoneined ad unpredicabe. This diverse and unoresceable werd fered my unbealthy renbnes,cpeclly aca museum core and acl reaacher co breakup of cooleate heritage fa nest, ‘manages il th eo (Nakanishi ea. 2003), This musi apo et aenore penetrating analyte gulag feu, 0 tn ‘These loci were 9ot arity, interchangeable illustrations ona which meanings imprined or atached. Rather, they were contexte cael icone element tat sain in both consensval and contested ways =a "nique cle logic. They were anchors in Hal and ince nerork with, ete’ (Young 2002) that shifted meavay from a museum-centic outlook. Taking a page fom scent work that considers the afectve power of obs, ‘nontimente and landscape, Tuer thee heritage sites and markers 3 “aon meaning’ theres (Hepa! of 2007: 3) Each sa feestanding ty tha dows ao simply ‘ay’ dhe meaning inesced by heritage wes but "nie some energy To allie commpexiy I was pradeniclly able co constr my Bld ita a siren and sonencing etry’ mh ike Gases cently conceived hei tues’ (2006397 an caper 15 below). As aconcepe, the hestgescpe ‘leider designed ta means interpreting and analysing heres sits nique sci spaces cae fer an experience ofthe pst, With n song oie tation tangible; managed ead spaces that are explicitly designated ws heiage: Without wanting co misrepeesent Gardens original application tnd meaning, or confine my thinking to hee tghe eter, Tboetowe bee tion o herieagesape to canceve of mastime Berm aed sit. “Autonomous a they my be theae he alen operate elation toon othe, sv awe af connectons ancl st of wide local social meanings thar demand the mulested approach ken my fekdwork, Justa texte’ composite testre differs fom te ievidual sends of which ici composed, exper cl ahighy integrated ld site chaise than the aur of tps. Mack Iie hisaian and archaeologists lok beyond discrete sts and eves this hertaescape speaks to braer heritage prnesaee.Tealso speaks wo Brod Joc, elas and other ieaeiy poles that aes faibr yee fed in oe lacus, sce ta le beyne both naiimiey ad este yt ae cenial lo their ombined use ane meaning. Although my noa-compocaive preach fea Icannor spre thie wih dca fom elsewhere, [ bebe his intern tivity i intesiied in small-scale communities ike Berm, exerting fuetoduence onthe ways evita i manta underscorig the ee nul-sied appeaches eo herage cthnogehy iy ene of interconnection and coherence conceived as 9 Therieescape soul seem eo conte my experience ofthe ld site as pata a rg Front aber locaton thas ‘perpeualy dering chnur (Camden 2007 Ty, Yet these quis coveted al mull supported each eee in my liver, Ucolleced and collated eeratons, gain a creasing ude ning of che site, while generating ever more new questions, copes and Jhway Like che metaphorkal rhizome (Dele and Grater 1980), the FerivoyUtravelld wat indie variegated Fac, wedengoing connec ration ad cs hac 0 be ‘parenved Kinestticly”Cngl 2008), ih mavement, Inetating this ne of twundednes without cose nal parle, and is ites, the experience of weaving 2 smal Ww,‘and, where the physica, cltual and spc boundaries ~ suchas those Ieee land and Sea, reside) and esi) are alternately aden ta ntinguished in way tha complement rater hen cash, The ind of eld site we stily and Bermuda occupies many efferent Kinds, of which land i ne nage 0 infence ou patie and proucion of heritage ethnography The maciime loci I encountered were moe or les perceptible Yo es their posible elationship with heiage. This perepebliy seemed to be indicated by my coresponding level a estat o a-hestation in he Fd level het were elated to my prconeepcions of heritage and the extent to which T respectively fllowed or broke with the. Predictably, the noi iwi at fr me were toe over Meni and valorised as este lege co evoke memary or sagination a past masnets and marine es ‘While thse paces did nor aecesniy ene a lationship with history ford ete often anvocatal with rotten and cae of preant-dey marcel thewe was always an clement of tae of the past or remembrance in che These spaces were also abwious because cy tended 10 aod ime, asocaced wih specific indivi, events Iighly publicand concolled,ormanitest in mesument ae Thames sich commemersted maritime loc inclile Piloe James “Jemmy’ Darel, an eighteentceneary. black slave emanated due ro his extraordnary navigational kil il’ pbc at memorial erced i 2003 ia hanour of Bermuda Tosa sand the bestowing mystical or eric status eo particular peopl places ad things within the snd ee epitome maritimity and Terma tans’ such asthe lace shipwrights Geary Pitcher and Albee ‘Ber’ Dall. community of Se Davi’, the elusive rack or the endeml ur wood long ne nthe eostructon of acl bats lac oriented everday matin experience sel culate were casi rally more fe, wih my ucerainy highest in these space where i Foundary beeween heitage and culture was Maret, The Greene mil wi inane charctericea hee Ic coneibied co my anesns at i foty arava ncincon tose ove the cea al articulate and par flea heritage researcher andl paciioner ese 0 deity move dial tv tangible manitaions of heseage. Yee a seme of eleance and igi these mame prurces to exeryiay ives pale my atencon sand encotraged me eo open up eo mote subtle and email onnections co enviranmen, spac, history and slf Aspects of emi moray aime practices che encountered ile recreation mmeril aking. piloting (local reef and channel evigation, alll ‘esign, building, poten, cestrsion, ailing sod ecing of « alll tos igure In he eld ws purticalaty attracted to oc tha healed asia soca em. A dytunciona public education J iting communal vibes al fictor inc sense of sci“ in Mina chi time, Berman youth ~ how tk and seach Mole males in pricular~ee soon athe greater amas ofthis siastion ware thus the ager Belicia for pov chang, I he rgene search foe to this‘ both existing ae new maritime youth development {hates havecome toi ere a prising enchants or fserng ent fi-catem ad soil and racial reconciliation, Marine youth development Iintiver sucha che Bermuda Slop Foundacon’s si-eaiing progamme in he Sit of Bernade, Waterwise and other youth sling programmes [Wigure2) andthe Beemaca Ses Cats Cops, which peemotes seamanship real tralian, are loc loaded with il parts cautions aspiration, dso, hy eingraphy a vented to grass heap, my el site Wi indi move athe marine lc: in terme both watts presen Public maritime hertageneitans ond represen and db ini munity engagements with chem, Bertin relapse wih thee rman lec were iret ie thenionene, Sea Ive opi‘ws bug ie into de fl with me, bu bse was such privet a ste atte ofthe Ber rine beiagesape withscanding the inclusion af re aston astne loc chgh my fieldwork, meray conceptualised the fil along the abowe-meia three dimensions: memory and commemoration, lve culture. apd sel Fey. That his division aligns with x pase-present future nes frequen aiate with bevtage i, I eink, bor cine aned ot. The tng ituty ad inbereance tht ate pronounced in che ace of kosing bh ‘was, living inthe moment, ane pectin spicata fens or he li ‘wee simply one way of canceptualising the Be, ur were also an evil ‘eure in my fl site. Wee as there eno standaed index lac wl ie iy case stu. The completes I experienced in sting mec Therma emonsteate thatthe eld sic in which we conduc betas et raphy i move chan decorative buckdsop hot simply ut things AM ne Ha spc hat actively reveals an onsite heritage ei dla by the roe we a heritigeehnograpir evita twas ete neti with ae peitoning a individ, bt a ete by the il pesiion, We must engine that ci cnceplisaion of bel eins with the ways we travel a dest el sine aking. epi ily fr hi in ou encounters al Wt Handling hestage dats Whee the peevions setion s more ofa panoramic vit, this section sams nthe ways I dented and qualified maritime esi in Bermuda Once "ow my Bld site a ‘an explicitly “pamial” and incomplete window cate iplesty’ (Capes 2007: 167), Hbegan to ecognae che ways was i fae Pactising Bouncing, seletion sal choice’ ae cach stage of my fieldwork, Thnvheuc my nie oaths of home-werk’, gustan and quale what ‘sere pent ro cleat analyse Thicenaled easing ny Bae «© Irate hestage sive alate, resting pul to confine heritage to el vhip with the pase and tating Unexpected sources a8 ester, 1 Jae and deed the heritage data ws ooking for, but al excl a became assed ss itdevan or superfluous, a Cancen unekines: to be explicie about dhe neces of leaving certain things “ut of nnd »- bp eurning what ele ike ili incompletness in an scual metoxoogial decision, one which ce ethaagrpher cele syemand takes esponsibility for (andes 2007: 174) oe pene datasources simply id not make he ct. Ether the mate om was 10 weak o obacur, ofthere was ao perceptible lationship periage. Wich my grssoas pare, Iemainedonentl lt articulate Teitage but wll eed + grip omy dts In my’ dally holes uf Isom ancl exclusion, twas mizrring the work ofthe hetege pristine Isis employed 40 make valve jadgements and consent eulings. THe lieence was chat Twas deing this ia spac ke dicated by inset Isa coaventon or intone with community intevewees an conte That the space and vine ro be more seflexive about chese cos ant esiion compared eo the ofen Ftc diy conten af profsioal el Constretng a hereage ethnography chrough inumersion in «ew people's July ies, nthe hopes catching tee uses maritime evita, wat ether Iyactial noe culually appropriate in Berm Instead ssapoyed mecha Nc game me a fast-ack Sot Berman maritime ertage bs oneat-one group ieerviews and prtcganeebservation a ceenmniy eres Tye complementary methods allowed me tora che experiential peri hie, verbal, discursive and ieeutivenspceufheritge accessed what le say, think an ae about which mayor may not be inks, toa Teondcted 120 formal interviews with 135 people, a Faton of the sits population eel in term of the mach smaller sume of deci ous amaune o qualitative ts, overview duration ‘on the energy, spe, cone and aversion et interviewees ito them, sueh a5 thei home, family homered, old neighboathod, dock or Int —Tocations where they might acces signifeane images thing. Some meting ook place at my oceanside corage, a stimulating vent oe mart ory and imagination, AS chee can be valuable dats in Both what inte ewes say and haw they sy, encouraged them toute cei ova wed styleand expressions. And beaose heritage i often peormed non-verbal coud expression in waysedber han hrogh woud, wih body langage ‘napping. drawing, isting, perfoming and handling object signigeanc, My jrtcipan observation proved fr more extensive than anticipated. Ina atnded amund ty marie events by the close of fieldwork, Thie omponent of my heritage ethongeiphy did wot merely supplement my nen ew, ue was maior sspct of data cilletion that enhanced the ove ‘quality of my iterpetaion. Tse deen il scons my interviws for this public held engagement. This included avigating the unspoken rl fin etiquetes of diferent socal neeworks, practising quie observation ad ‘ntnpition, aging straegicincervention nd coecting shor. informa Interviews: Tes range rom he evi tothe hidden, seme with ea es ot clertlevace and oer fe wich haces and enystery intros ob ‘ees knowledge about them. Boat races and prztgivings, public fawnmemorations, ils scenings, religious and secular sevice, veneaes an oyages sar vous ves an! random at of eefrig al liao my ‘eration mix: Participant observation aod formal interviews occasion Imerys sich as whe Tacempanied Berman pilots onthe helen of euist ‘hips as they navigated Berm chanoels ad set joined comet fishermen on thee daily sun out ‘the Banks offshore eet fxmations. a the sbsequenc onshore cleaning and selling ofthe exch, supplemented eny interviews and purtcpane observation with the sy sfdecumentay andl mediasourees, nclading newspaperend magsaine ails, private ad publicdcumens, les, pblicatons ant archive asked ysl ‘va ic appropriate to rx live eehaegraphic dca with dae raters ig ‘lly produced or ined outsise my Bework? Yet {cold aa ate tiervaional data rom these supplemental sources: they were cherse ‘alle caters of heriage meaning, in adction ro being bel svat methodological guidance, For inane, material fom he Berra Conte tions Maritime Ars archive” and BM exhii, collectios ad eee Fes were especially wel for ther conscious madime-heriage cones Mp wells aiding my elioes to cai my work against rl-hisoricalaad mu al sppreches. Thaigh counterinnive oa sese a gases beta thi documentary staly was form of engagement that smpementel Mp ‘nterviews aed participant observation As ettage bas atures Hh beexpresedehrougha variety of sures hi amalpam data pris leh Underaanding of ur ethographie object Terkel meat ncerviewees oi eves by word of mouth si loc knowledge aad networks ding aT ald the fed sie Treat 14 ways Tack incerviewers an venta data ia themed, while silane sly Being minal ofthe ways my nerveationssvnfcced oe led those ‘ceworks.Inan fore religuish some cone onermy inteeviewse elton, "identified a portion of my interviewees by Blind recruitment, vinan ope cal ‘participants in local media. The few respondents Uhad were ell ete, Fnomeves a8 hese wat a need ro be disceeing i all my interviewee and event secon, Being lal’ Thad to work especialy hard co een th agency. Tulancing respec for che suggestions I received with stance to peste snl obligation. As my reach wasoften intepetecd aan orl-hisory stay ie was offen suggest (omstimesforceflly) that {aterview ole or exper informants with accamolaed knowledge'or memory ~ especially those canted as maritime ‘heroes or ‘raiton-betere’. My appreciation of the Ungene aed in Bermuda fo o-istory collection bated with my deste in daa fm younger informants, who age ten regards deine in Instore Knowledge, memary and herege. That sid didnot dliberstly ‘oid oder o Seasoned inormancs a they lec con had a prea eal oer, Inch i chases and as stimuli for gees. The range in ages of my ocr ‘eves testifies the extent co which an inter geeraioal say Was achieved efote commencing fieldwork, I prepared an inceview guide a crip of estons based on normalise idioms on which our current model of erage se. The en was scree my interviews and analysand in hin Fromore aecurey and cxeiblty of data avoiding divortion. 1 alan loved eo use ie a a wider nthe ciate ad socntimes inti sing inerview atmosphere, helping ean ay fc and How tKeret 2006) However, my ely interviews canstanly deviated from his scrpt They were nes, non-linear and multilayered hl eo keep conversions going while aking some seseof the hei meaning hat aoe Aserp alo contd Wi my deision to esdew a hyper fumework in fivout a4 pesor Sorrel appecach, so early iat Beldwork Fabundoned the ineiew guide Vener: my interviews were largely improvised, only eandneded with al questions as gente guidance wowarls core conct ike Jones aye The interview design was dlisrtly informal and conversational in style With interviewees encouraged tse Cheiromn langage and et {heir own agends. AC the same tie, prompts mete used fo ensure ‘har certain key chemes were always ade \Uoves 2004: 8) his voscructun format des noe predetermine so uch what wil be elicited cs i ely ana synthe actors ineriewses. athe i allows ome 10 Instn the complex buvior of meer af society without pening fy priori categricain hae may Line the el of yiy” Tatana and Fey DA 6) My interviews were har pac of inerpeaton fr bone Al my incerviewes, with heritage meanings genet in 9 onsewe st »‘manner by the rclainship we fg in che interview cl, Thi lowed oe incereting moments when interviewees came to neve themes tht selves and wer quel spite at ee real’ (Tiley 20042 17) Tas ab Space in which oa cul suspend astumpesns and spicim and open up ‘he unknown aenatmene sagged fr aelict-oiented anthnpoles Racher than diamisinformants’ accounts imaginative inert ‘ions ~ elaborate metaphorial accounts of Telit’ that i alealy ‘shea — andhroplogite might instea eae on these engagements a ‘oppartnities foe which novel theoreti understandings can emerge 20 show how sich moments o choo eelaton in which uoandcpate, previously inconceivable things Become apparent. Too often the untopologss’ immediate sation i 0 explain away their own surese with rerum to more Fie Conceptions What would happen if this wondkrmene wer eld Jina ott of suspetion ac ee he urge to explain ey? (lena ef 20072) “This improved approuch consistonly chllengsd my interviewing sil heightening my atention and sensitivity. The cach of mp ineriews unique this dee ne mean the lacked buries, agen itein, Lad tcvelydereine my heritage rer, eying attentive ro mot of oni ‘mation ancl hllenge by nerviewece: Marini panied ell converte ‘ional boundary, hemeiag us ia fram bree ie hoes and know ee ‘moved the conveetaton mpc my lel ste of inten, using my viesees ro expan things in more depth ada proonative oe seat h {ios inorder eo peneeraesaric-leel understand ara ‘express cverydayhertge use tha en gos uraioulaced ‘My agenda was lrgey exe at an neve lve, which posi 4 th evel ofsubconscius heritage at mine ae work event an epic of heritage: Toe fle a serong sense of icc ense da sn counter spoke the fall ing of heritage meaning ha | would een ‘tical ia my wring. Thi was oot deluded lnging fo holt log indicaive of che ways even a single interviewee or eapeience can tefl larger Hie site and arange of ertge ues. Again, I ele hte ‘ivityand coherence is heightened insmall-ale spaces, though nox ina ‘hac inhibits complexity Convery, hisses of miro eins et ‘he minor view canbe highly sigan, keeping me estes fr new ail and ensuring aguinse rapping myelin the conventions ay ove maki Despite che gee of cont I had in intervie wor fen fal serntitve expec in term of pctcrtin shape by my pas a ‘work, [ec tore these leanings bat ehen sometimes Ebcieve went coring or igactng iseeetes express chet liga suclranchorised uss Two as wee jt alleging i hi ea "he fist was he attacon e "hisery’ ink to she ianpalse to confine Inigo relatonship with he past, at co ahiving greter valiatien for ‘ny ethnogrphie da. wssofen sure how mutt stoi knowlege vck fn interviewees. cid employ on-histoial echniques encouraging ‘nylling and cemembering a interviews, be cid no demae il, nee lic histories. While my iatrviews canoe be considered ompreheesive eal Instore they go fine than ol istry on bh genre ane an aay ie Newt 1 was carefil wih how I described my esearch projet, siding Ipesctptive terms like ‘hetage’ and “biscry: Net having, mush rie ‘owlekgeofloal maritime istry kept me curious and, om eetection, fal oe apport ancl comfort wich see interviewees. Conversely, at times Twas ‘marased by my lack of historical knowledge, especialy wih intervicnes ‘ho placed high aluronchisorwhoinssed Idemonsrate it. When iotmanes ero preyre forthe inervew, eying to get shet knowlege “igh sly with there of inseam istory, Ignored these statements halt itherencounge ao discourage this fepuation, Sometimes inervicwees sme co esearch a validate thei wrson a istry, gid yo auld offer. My interviews Were offen suppernented with hire and dhe Ineneary sures sequie fom the interviewee or une snes hah ve been wary Rox to 3 thers eo build sce sry, [econ aw ls why interviewees ered rhe wo me, a an expres of hen in ise An in myencourers wich people, pcs, buts and abject it was len unlene aw mack provenance ro nse esfeclly when my research intrcation Joe be the mai reason such mit-hitres came tight Seco wheres in my role as « muscur corto I ended to cs onthe ‘jes, petting tbe ioteriewee i eainhip othe potential apn, Foul notallow bjecesto be the ental elements of my heritage chong Ay sociation, {had resis a olleone-aa urge to encnage people Aor donate objects BMM, though asec they li sk ths opts, Ye hac co alla things mater in thir own sgh, as they dir my oer Viewers. Bots ~ as living, pettonalited and vechilogal enti were a ‘jelly potent materi souree for generating maritime heise meaning ‘employed several methods eo document my ethnographic eon ecading tlio, video and paotoprapy. While to sur extent incase esc eeonting Iwelie formalised inerviews, provided ap easily ettierble recon, ad Sixumentedgestresandotherexpressons, complementing mytoad cir Inwrview echniqus My most valuable meant annotation were handwetcn Hldoots,shathand sccouasel my Feld and nterviewimpresions (Emerson Wo 1993), Alhugh ¥ ai oe allow my note aking or echt ecoring Jpevenc me fiom acending to the fla momen Laced extensive notes dering We je afer every ceawerition or ewene Beyond a reneding mechan, rng fldoeres payed an importane analytic role They coset the uni nt processing ofthc way Tite wih thin a staying Where arising concepts, aa ihe hrer rien, ad my emeatngideas and conclusions. Fieldoots helped me eapere evtage meaning i momentarily came ine ‘Sell my analysis in che fl was largely peliminay. di oe rake ar line toi suchasastieineeprectionof grounded tory” that urges constant ‘comparison of data threaghoue feldweek (Glaser and Sere 1967). In ace, twa ical eo tink cen anally while was immerse in ine ulate ta “drowning in dit Uwas constanty moving in and around mip tel sie with Tele time ro eee cetclly. Though I fans slippage terween fieldwork are aalsis aimed to remain arenive wo he a da allowing «gradual and kes feed comprehension af maritime heritage it era T syed close roche orginal realty being investigated, kei things close to face value before reflecting, ealating and abstracting ea ‘ch fry amie ppose Formal dat analysis was ths acne stage ny project and ecured once Kad physical Tee the ld. This ws fosbtionalisation ura syscematc review of my record and rememberel Fil dit nd experience. My valuable day-to-day Geld encounters wee 0 Ia or forgoten, but coven ojo in acondensed pid of working che wrk “Ae empty Gelawor, teed my books of eldnores, Wich ach pal ‘ivi the materi tare o see salen eninge ae careers. Cali Fegan wave he enormous amauot of analytic material tht reco al In spite of my bring highly slecive inthe act of wstng ld tes eah cap covered mach ground. Unlike orginal vedied recor teil ranicripts that donot difereciace cei conten, andl thereto fot tbe fly considered the succinct nature of feldnoes ensures the ‘navy oftheir conten highly purposive. Nlonove, any Benes did forgo the exter context of my econings becuse I Hagges and pip veibacin quoes foe ey resevl. Trrsripcion of my vero sceni theewoe seemed unneceuy, even cegrasive fo oe. an approach bucked ‘aims tat iis permisible wo compromise lengthy tensrits (Gel 2007). By working frm my orginal Belden tothe complexity ‘he original field eneouncer, rather than polish esonstroccion that the richness of he original teri eae appar tha I needed tole fetvey organise ae ma imy data, and specially 10 code, o attach different “hermetic ani {aps co ay textual data, Tred to computers! qualitative di Inulysis software (CAQDAS) co help do chi {began in my estab hice with just few iteviews and worked diligently 0 elie ‘over, proving an imex for further ain ‘ised Jpn. Indeed ny approach o coding was ot mechanistic, shel ens interviewees oe finding pater ot regulars. Rather, twa Capcaring the salen points linking the ase study and heritage hey ocall the very bef ook CACQDAS offered, esl the wating ido fying cong aaa an 2002 |)and ultimately const ‘vy angument ouside she sofware, in ee act of wrkng. Weiting supplied « ‘ceive space for me to abstract, speculate and make anleic leaps, New ‘ead of understanding were spun bath inthe ways my data biped wth ‘iting heritage theory and ied to do so, Avice with sspec to previous ratings tat my claims ae academically contexealisn and eae ces. 1 ged theory io a an explnarry force for my analysis. Pom thee raphe direction, T re-embedde my obseratcnal engagement into my ‘king ian for to remain tf to eheencouners had with people ted ‘unpack eritae meaning, ther than Hattening ia, An iniportaat spect chs rsembedling was inerpreting heritages madara, ss anothe eel ‘meaning emerging in contre fork moments sd incriewee ‘xpasions. Yee he work wat abe abo articulating cet ess about heap, ‘ic which is ebvions i cones yet olen fil co get analyse. So otf ‘ott the messy ee reveling presto ingeaitng with tw heceage dat, ny writing weaves my choices of iclasion and excuion aad felngs ef hes ‘ution ornon-hestacion. have aimed over ac myethnayraphic eseipan Wy be supportive andl tansparent of my methodology and to enuncate the thoes of eringe, Conchasion elctng chee efor in eanspareny, inthis pte have ie to etl co the acl engineering and expereace of heritage ethnography, one peti ‘oly oriented eo mote geasstons heritage. AC the mao level, discussed my Fwd of my ase soy o el sie in less oon al et emforeale ays chat kepehedtage ~ asthe aberace object of sly — infocus, At the Inicio evel Texanned bow identified and qualifed heritage ta inthe eld A the process by which J ransomed my unseactured fell data aco a Invisible accoun. While I eparaced eve macr- and anicro-ethagaphic Tels in this naretive foe the sake of clarity experienced the tw a highly tines and sirltaeeus, "have emphasised tht wae conscittes heritage it never leat, but subject. 1 the nuances of every ethnographic experience apd dicoveing mening ‘uy ave shown tha undertaking a heritage ehnogziphy involves bale ff olling down an unpredictable and realitrat cbse of sly while Fosiin open-minded abou ies varied tes ant uaumiliar working Have ied the uncerainey eh accompanied me throughout my project and ese his sense i to sere exten inbule into Beneage echong apy. nl dhe way T gradually telesed my prcencived tons, allowing et confousl my expectations and ste the penometon moon cers. Like ee heiage we tay at heitageeehwographers we ae Feotaneconiionof metamorphosis (uns 2003: 227) Implicit speaking 1 this sense of uncereainy is he argument tht ison be acommeaacd Fier han suppressed, 0 a allow He 4 hecore a onbctive aspect mCOE v"*~@®-AA eee felon experience (Camda 2007: 174), Tie promaion of hia eth gaphy as a clstinge method isan acempc co bere account fc the mule Hace nacre of erage ata becca ty hat mast concent soditicne bat valuable ining encour che development af esta shnograpy. [cls with us enshusiastic vison fr the mechs potential asf ered ation sek rrengnisel meth. Fis, it muse be conceded tat heritage echography ‘ani be all hing w heiage ery an pritice as is appre, an aay a ‘topics and concepts lis outside is eapaciy and boundaes. especialy gh its grastots orienta. Wieh that in mind, 1 belive the metal hase [remise to spill ever ino heritage esearch, practice an publi us os Gea level. Use of heritage eciography i likely ta inceae as che mete acral extension ofthe wav of pubic outreach in heritage and ruscums ha iscuerency suflesing eric anion, The resaling mera oman individuals and communities will reveal an emormy untapped layer Isiage. A tefolding ofthis vase senurce ino Hereage Stacy an tl fds has che porential ev peowie astronge theoretical framework for ti heriage concep and a oundation for more genuinely demecratiing ber ecto, museums and research programmes. Heriage eenegeaphy furthermore be popuaise a = tol for «ower ay ufindus ‘omnmuniiest efor uncertain heritage o shear exporemce, 1 Po Dame Magn eae by eee be ak sete dove, hp in 208 Wig up Sein ‘Cb en Se a {SNe al Watiaon Ds oes Bibliography Ica {aul N, Dade 199M beso Aelaing te Pa wt When Strom et Geli Ro thay. Mab mal Pee Lore Se Init S A (202) Dain Myths in Qulta at Ame Rade ee a snk 3 ere secs sac eS, Imi QU) The Teurot Hae AReingel th Bik aes tol ‘utara Yen Sinden ones {oilman er 80 "EJ I Tg Ae. He oP oo Heit Pbl eon PA Shc 8 Pl ink a Anka Aged apy ea Ghat Mineo he Maa lla arn fe owes 1 ntti to ia rai orf iS, Cael Tm Mors Cay otra Joa Pvp eta Tse da ‘Sid, Hoan emp thar aman ent I ogee 85 spa nae a emg ih denier on rere pp, 9 (Gant se nents tat ae aT Ped Cae emt Edy, Ltn a 5M campos f Bere appsimeay per et ono ‘lly ncaa bane attr con ml ale 6 Re aan hei cm lh vce rag « Sie et at ema fr nar eat Pe eke V Cam Dang Ehopnpty Os Senet ‘a4 thmne | Malek eld Annes nee Aare ora Nw You Colaba amen Re ee Dit X8%0cend tie Clin Rdg Vode Bs: Pheean Pe 4.09 ee Engh A ink owning lt ee ends Rte. Men rg Carp Pn, Chg cs Daputnent o Camaiy ate Cale AlaAn 4 TH Minnis Ao Cae Sty Re en oe hy 199 tevin ThA Se oN K Ded vi ans utr ReestomeascAe 6-¥6 ci Gna Ie cepa lng espe he Ps som jroo tra Co Sahin ni De i Sd Roun Pree Wel ri neue nd ht 8 Diy fa he See tA. 1999) Che! of 1» el hot 1612-1826, Ponce, Hem: Ja “A etre Mlb a Wael) Thigh Ts Chin ioe Aare ee i PsN New Ye Re "im Pasa Vi Ware: Alin Pre TAS Gm ea ap ear Wd Son xn oti Se pa Cael Re vn Tt er ha eateries a tt min Fil bi ea yn Ml tn Ean Ran nr Be eee haa Sat atic rao Ss oP Th “Png otal Br ree re oc kon lt Yn fm 200 Ns Pali krone Bam ME De ven Po. a St Se nT Aen a, AD Tuna gy, Dy oboe euro ne ney he Ain JR el “dna wun tee Gi Conta tn tary Cr Cl eee Son ecb et fe Wo Sn: Tc Emr Mai Tokay hog 2035-07 _eengptidee ike ant Nett Ps o Mel iN ar St a pg Ten Es ‘ate ot Nata 1 Sern) Cem MC Gare and MS 2) Ck Se tea ey 2 > C20 tis fry Aig Kal bas Ka alia Saat ea fu 1 ag nan Ply, Se And 1 22 Henig ete Can! My ee uty: yada Reg 312 mee