52 Bending Stress and the Plastic Moment. 177 5 Example 5.1 Fos the buil-up shape shown in Figure 5.6, determine (a) the elastic seotion modulus ‘Sand the yield moment M, and (b) te plastic section modulus Z andthe plastic mo- ‘ment M,, Bending is about the x-axis, and the stel is AS72 Grade 50. FIGURE 5.6 fo a Solution a, Because of symmetry, the elastic neural axis (the x-axis) is Tocated at mid depth of the cross section (the location of the centroid). The moment of iner- tia of the cross section can be found by using the parallel axis theorem, and the results ofthe calculations are summarized in Table 5.1 TABLES. Component i A a Te aa Fenge oes? 8 65. 2387 Fango 06867 8 65. 387 wee 2 i oat Sum The elastic section modulus is 1794 7494 ei 7 and the yield moment is, M,=F,S=50(107) 446 f-kips Answer 107 in. and M, = 446 f-kips. '. Because this shape is symmetrical about the x-axis, this axis divides the cross section into equal areas and is therefore the plastic neutral axis. The centroid ‘of the top half-area can be found by the principle of moments. Taking moments about the x-axis (the neutral axis ofthe entire cross section) and tabulating the ‘computations in Table 5.2, we get178 Chapter Beams TABLE 52 FIGURE 5.7 Answer Component A ay Flange 8 6s 52 weo a 3 a sum " 5 jv See etteeee J hall-area y c > Figure 5.7 shows that the moment arm of the internal resisting couple is a= 25 = 215.545) = 11.09 in, ane liso Al = = 2 (2). =a = 2 ‘The plastic moment is My = BZ=50(122) = 6100 in-kips = 508 f-kips| Z=122in2 and M, = 508 f-kips. = Example 5.2 Solution Compute the plastic moment, M,, for a W10x 60 of A992 steel From the dimensions and properties ables in Part ofthe Mana, A=176 in. A116 273 ‘The centroid of the half-area can be found in the tables for WT-shapes, which are cut from W-shapes. The relevant shape here is the WTS x 30, and the distance from the outside face ofthe flange to the centroid is 0.884 inch, as shown in Figure 5.8FIGURE 5.8 0.884" += —Y— fa=102" a = d ~ 20.884) = 10.2 ~ 2(0.884) = 8.432 in. A Ze (3) = 8.8(8.432) = 74.20 in? ‘This result compares favorably with the value of 74.6 given in the dimensions and properties tables (the difference results from rounding of the tabular values). Answer M, = F,Z=50(74.20) = 3710 in.-kips = 309 ft-kips.5.5. Bending Strength of Compact Shapes 183 Example 5.3 FIGURE 5.11 Solution ‘The beam shown in Figure 5.11 is a WI6 x 31 of A992 steel It supports a reinforced conerete floor slab that provides continuous lateral support ofthe compression flange. ‘The service dead load is 450 Ib/ft. This load is superimposed on the beam; it does not include the weight of the beam itself. The service live load have adequate moment strength? 0 lb/ft. Does this beam First, determine the nominal flexural strength. Check for compactness, 24698 (om Pat ofthe Mant) 2, oof 0 hes vole : 100 15>6.28 the flange is compact i, (The web is compact forall shapes in the Manual for F, < 65 ksi) 4 WI6 x 31 is compact for F, = 50 ksi ‘This shape can also be identified as compact because there is no footnote in the di- ‘mensions and properties tables to indicate otherwise. Because the beam is compact and laterally supported, the nominal flexural strength is, M, = My = FZ, 5O(S4.0) = 2700 in--kips = 225.0 ft kips, Compute the maximum bending moment. The total service dead load, including the ‘weight ofthe beam, is wy = 450+ 31 =481 Ib/f Fora simply supported, uniformly loaded beam, the maximum bending moment occurs st midspan and is equal to where w isthe load in units of force per unit length, and Z is the span length. Then My ea g ipl g 048K ‘kips 1, ~ Hassan? <1. pe184 Chapter Beams LAFD Solution ASD Solution Answer ‘The dead load is less than 8 times the live load, 0 load combination 2 controls: (M,= 1.2Mp + 1.6M; = 1.2(54.11) + 1.6(61.88) = 164 f-kips. Alternatively, the loads can be factored atthe outset: 1.2wy + 16m, = 1-2(0.481) + 1.6(0.550) = 1.457 kips/ft (1.4S7\30)? = 164 ft-kips ‘The design strength is 6,M, = 0.90(225.0)= 203 fi-kips> 164 f-kips. (OK) ‘The design moment is greater than the factored-load moment, so the WI6 x31 is satisfactory. ASD load combination 2 controls M,=My-+M,=54.11 + 61.88 = 1160 ft ‘Alternatively, the loads ean be added before the moment is computed: W, = Wp + my = O4B1 + 0,550 = 1.031 kips/ft (1.031930)? = 11600 ftps ‘The allowable moment is MyM, {6(225.0) = 135 fckips >116 fips (OK) 0.6M, Q, 167 Allowable stress solution: The applied stress is M, _ 116,002) SAT he 295 ksi ‘The allowable stress is Since f, < Fy, the beam has enough strength. ne Wi6x31 Rashemn. . Theale res ton can sine sth apoovnation sma ‘mean roc be wet osm, 08h2, scrais.Example 5.4 Solution LRFD Solution Determine the flexural strength of a W14 x 68 of A242 steel subject 10 ‘a, Continuous lateral support, b. An unbraced length of 20 ft with C, = 1.0. cc. An unbraced length of 30 ft with C, = 1.0. ‘To determine the yield stress of a W14 x 68 of A242 steel, we refer to Table Part 2 of the Manual. The yield stress isa function of the flange thickness, which for this shape is 0.720 inch, This corresponds to footnote 1, so a W14 x 68 is available in A242 steel with a yield stress F, of 50 ksi. Next, determine whether this shape is compact, noncompact, or slender: by <4 = 6.97 from Part | of the Manual) 2 E 9,004 38,| = 038) 20 -9.15>697 «the ct os 5p 72152697 flange is compact ‘The web is compact forall shapes in the Manual for F, < 65 ksi; therefore, a W14 x 68 is compact for F, = 50 ksi. (This determination could also be made by observing that there is no footnote in the dimensions and properties tables to indicate that the shape is not compagt.) ‘a, Because the beam is compact and laterally supported, the nominal flexural strength is M,=M,=#,Z,= 20119) 9/90 in-kips = 479.2 1 Kips ‘The design strength is 4M, = 0.90(479.2)= 431 ft-kips55. Bending Strength of Compact Shapes 189 ASD Solution ‘The allowable moment strength is. 0 ft and C, = 1.0. First, determine L, and L, E 29,000, 1.76,, | = 1.76.46 ,| 2000 jog 3 1, 21.165, = 1.762469 2104 ‘The following terms will be needed in the computation of L,: c, _ Vi203380) eats 103 1 = V7833 = 2.799 in, 692 ft = 7.833 int (r,, can also be found in the dimensions and properties tables. For a W14 x 68, it is given as 2.80 in.) hy=d~1=140-0.720 13.28 in (h, can also be found in the dimensions and properties tables. For a W14 x 68, it is given as 13.3 in.) For a doubly-symmetric Lshape, c= 1.0. From AISC Equation F2-6, e [x OTF S.h 954, + ft +6.76{ 27S "O7F, VSR, tose Ee ) [ie seen 0.1(50)(103)13.28) 1+ ft -+6.16{ 92501009103.28) +674 Sonaarety) 29,000 (30K) =1.95(2.799) 29-000, | 3.010.0), a 0.7150) 1013.28) 51.3 in, = 29.28 fe Since Ly < Ly L, = 29.28 fi, so elastic ateral-torsional buckling controls. Begin from AISC Equation F2-4, le) Seg Te 103(13.28)' 33,90 ksi From AISC Equation F2-3, 1M, =F,,S, = 33.90(103) = 3492 in.-kips = 291.0 ft-kips 399 fekips (N.G.) Since M, > dyM,, the beam does not have adequate moment strength, ‘The allowable stress is F y= 0.6F,,= 0.6(37.20) = 22.3 ksi196 — Chapter5 Beams The applied bending moment is M,=4w,0 8 and the applied stress is 354.4(12) 13 xo 400 + 1,000\45)? ~ 354.4 ft-kips 19.7 ksi > 22.3 ksi (N.G.) Answer _ Since f,> F,, the beam does not have adequate moment strength. 0.678 in. (OK) ‘The beam satisfies the deflectionExample 5.10 Select a standard hot-rolled shape of A992 steel for the beam shown in Figure 5.24 ‘The beam has continuous lateral support and must support a uniform service live load of 45 kips/ft. The maximum permissible live load deflection is L/240, FIGURE 5.24 45 live load LRFD Solution Ignore the beam weight initially then check for its effect after a selection is made. 1.20 + 1.60, = 2(0) + 1.6(4.5)=7.2 kips/tt quired §,M, Assume that the shape will be compact. Fora compact shape with full lateral suppor, fp = FZ, From @,M, >M,, OR Z.2 My 7,2-Ma 810002) 3 &F, 0.90650) 216 in, The Z, tabie lists hot-rolled shapes normally used as beams in order of decreasing plastic section modulus. Furthermore, they are grouped so that the shape at the top of teach group (in bold type) is the lightest one that has enough section modulus to sat- isfy a required section modulus that falls within the group. In this example, the shape that comes closest to meeting the section modulus requirement is a W21 x 93, with210 Chapter5 Beams Answer ASD Solution Z,= 221 in., but the lightest one is a W24 X84, with Z, = 224 in. Because section ‘modulus is not directly proportional to area, iti possible to have more section mod- ulus with les area, and hence less weight. ‘Try a W24 x 84, This shape is compact, as assumed (noncompact shapes are ‘marked as such in the table); therefore M, = Mj, as assumed, Account for the beam weight W, = L 2p + L.6w, = 1.2(0.084) + 1,604.5) 7.301 kips/ft Required moment stength = M, = a0? ‘The required section modulus is M, _ 821.4012) &F, 0:90(50) < 24in (OK) In lieu of basing the search on the required section modulus, the design strength 9M, could be used, because itis directly proportional to Z, and is also tabulated. Next, check the shear: Mabe _ 730180 4“ > = 110 kips From the Z, table, 6,¥_= 340 kips > 110 kips. (OK) Finally, check the deflection, The maximum permissible live load deflection is L/240 = (30x 12)/240 = 1.5 inch Et 5 (45/1230 x12)" 384 29,00002370) 5 oe 119in.<1.5in. (OK) ar (0k) Use a W24 x 84, Ignore the beam weight initially, then check for its effect after a selection is made w= inp +m, =0+ Skips/f Required moment stength = M, My required 55.10 Design 211 ‘Assume that the shape will be compact. For a compact shape with Full lateral support, M,=M,=F,Z, ‘The Z, table lists hot-rolled shapes normally used as beams in order of decreasing plastic section modulus. They are arranged in groups, with the lightest shape in each .roup atthe top ofthat group. For the current case, the shape with a section modulus closest to 203 in. is a W18 x 97, but the lightest shape with sufficient section mod tlus is a W24 x 84, with Z, = 224 in. ‘Try a W24 x 84. This shape is compact, as assumed (i it were noncompact, there would be a footnote in the Z, table). Therefore, M,=M, as assumed, Account for the beam weight: 0.084 + 4 w, 4.584 kips/ft 1 1 Ay 2 =1a.ssayaoy = 51 s 3 tt S84107 = 515.7 fis ‘The required plastic section modulus is, QM, _1.6%515.2 x12) F 50 = 207 in? <224in? (OK) Instead of searching for the required section modulus, the search could be based on the required value of M,/@,, which is also tabulated. Because M,/Q, is proportional {0 Z,, the results will be the same. “Another approach is to use the allowable stress for compact laterally supported shapes. From Section 5.5 of this book, with the flexural stress based on the plastic section modulus, F,=06F, = 0.6650) = 300 ksi and the required section modulus (before the beam weight is included) is M, _ 506312 _ 203 in’ ineeeasurnaes Next, check the shear. The required shear strength is w,L _ 4.5840) _ y= ne i = 68.8 kip212 Chapter 5 Beams Answer From the Z, table, the available shear strength is 227 kips > 68.8 kips (OK) ible live load deflection is Check deflection, The maximum pern 30x12 ee 240-240 A, -2-¥ EA 5 (45/1230 12)" +384 El, 384 29,000(2370) 15 in, =1.19 in. <1.5 in. (OK) Use a W24 x 84.5.10 Design 215 ponesassassosansostossoneeseseeeninnssssssnssnsoniosistasessessesensn/essussssasssssassssssiassasaaoniny Example 5.11 FIGURE 5.28 Solution LRFD Solution ‘The beam shown in Figure 5.28 must support two concentrated live loads of 20 kips ‘each at the quarter points. The maximum live load deflection must not exceed L/240, Lateral suppor is provided atthe ends ofthe beam. Use A992 steel and select shape. 204 208 «—t—_, 1 4 a Paes I the weight ofthe beam is neglected, the central half of the beam is subjected to a ‘uniform moment, and My =My=Mc Even ifthe weights included, i wil be negligible compared to the concentrated loads, and C, can sill be taken as .0, permiting the charts to be used without modification, Ines Gy ‘Temporarily ignoring the beam weight, the factored-load moment is M, 6(1.6% 20) = 192 f-kips From the charts, with L, = 24 ft, try WI2> 83: GM, =200 ft-kips > 192 ft ips (OK) Now, we account for the beam weight: M, =192+ £(1.2%00053(24) =197 f-kips <209 f-kips (OK) ‘The shear is 1.2(0.083924} 6(20)+ 2.8 f-kips From the Z, table (or the uniform load table), GM, = 125 kips>32.8kips (OK) ‘The maximum permissible live load deflection is Ll _ 2402) 240 ~ 240 1.20iin,216 Chapter Beams Answer ASD Solution Answer From Table 3-25, “Shears, Moments, and Deflections,”in Part 3 of the Manual, the maximum deflection (at midspan) for two equal and symmetrically placed loads is Pa op Pe aut ae nel § : where ‘P= magnitude of concentrated load istance from support to load pan length 2016%12), 13.6910" HEI 136910" ~29,0000425) 1312412)? — 4(6212)"]= = 1.11 in,<1.20 in. (OK) Use a W12 «53, ‘The required flexural strength (not including the beam weight) is M, = 6(20) = 120 ft-kips From the charts, with [= 24 ft, try WI2 x 53. = 139 fekips > 120 ftkips (OK) a, Account for the beam weight: in, =oc0)+ as =12¢ nip <9 (0H “The required shear strength is From the Z, table (or the uniform load table), 3.2 kips > 20.6 kips (OK) Since deflections are computed with service loads, the deflection check is the same for both LRFD and ASD. From the LRED solution, -1in.<1.20in, (OK) Use a W12 « 53, — —510 Design 217 ‘Although the charts are based on C, = 1.0, they can easily be used for design when C, is not 1.0; simply divide the required strength by C,, before entering the charts, We illustrate this technique in Example 5.12. 9 Example 5.12 Use A992 steel and select a rolled shape for.the beam in Figure 5.29. The concen- {tated load isa service live load, and the uniform load is 30% dead load and 70% live Joad. Lateral bracing is provided atthe ends and at midspan. There is no restriction (on deflection. FIGURE 5.29 oy { coher » ae 12" | 12" Pa PES Solution Neglect the beam weight and check it later. LRFD Solution 210.9) + 1.6(2.1) = 4.44 kips/ft {6(9) = 14.4 kips ‘The factored loads and reactions are shown in Figure 5.30, Next, determine the mo- ‘ments required for the computation of C,, The bending moment at a distance x from the lef end is a =costr-stty{$)=ons8e—2200 (orxs12% FIGURE 5.30 \* a ie oat je218 Chapters Beams Answer ASD Solution Forx=3 1, M,=60: 161.5 fe-kips For x=6 f, My=60.48(6)~2.22(6)?=283.0fe-kips Forx=9 ft, Mc=60.48(9)-2.22(9)°=364.5 f-kips For x= 12 ft, Myyc= M, = 60.48(12)-2.22(12) 125M 25M 3M, +4M +3Me 12.5406.) a 25AD6.D + N11 5)+ 4283.0) +3645) G 36 Enter the charts with an unbraced length [, = 12 ft and a bending moment of My _ 406.1 _ 596 9, oo Tae 209 teks ‘Tey W21 x 48: OM, =311 fckips (for C Since C, = 1.36, the actual design strength is 1.36311) = 423 ft strength eannot exceed 94M, which is only 398 f-kips (obtained from the cha the actual design strength must be taken as, = 308 ft-kips < M,=406.1 ft-kips (NG) For the next tial shape, move up inthe charts tothe next solid curve and try WI8 85, For Ly = 12 fi, the design strength from the chart is 335 f-kips for C, = 1. The strength for C,, eck ban et e051 fi.2x0035(24" A kip <0 fs (0) ‘The maximum shear is 4 1:20.055) % 48. 4) 61.3 kips From the Z, tables, Vy =212 kips > 61.3 kips (OK) Use a WI8 x 55, ‘The applied loads are kips/ft and,5.10 Design 219 ‘The left-end reaction is wot P, 304)+9 2 2 5 kips ‘and the bending moment ata distance x from the left end is mawose-a4{ S]ansea1ss forxsi2hy Comput th manent eid forthe computation fC For x= 3 ft, M, = 40.5(3) — 1.5(3) = 108.0 ft-kips For x =6 ft, My =40.5(6) — 1.5(6)? = 189.0 ft-kips Fors =9 ft Mc= 40.89) ~ 16) =2480 eis For.x= 12 fl, Maa =40.5(12)— 1.5(12)?= 270.0 f-kip 125Myu TSM +3M,+4My + 3Me 12.5270) © T5270) + 3108) + 4(189) +5243) ‘Enter the charts with an unbraced length L, = 12 ft and a bending moment of My 20 «199 rains Ma = 799 i ‘Try W21 x48, For C), M,/2,= 207 f-kips For C,= 1.36. the actual allowable strength is 1.36(207) =282f-ips, but the strength cannot exceed M,/Q, whichis only 25 fps this canbe obtained from the char), so the actual allowable srength mst be taken as 270 fekips (NG) ‘Move up in the charts to the next solid curve and try WA8 x $5, For L = 12 ft, the allowable strength for C, = 1 is 223 ft-kips. The strength for C= 1.36 is Me 292030 is» Me 290i 170 ftkips (OK)Chapter 5 Beams Account for the beam weight. M, = 270+ 40055424) 274 fikips <280 f-kips (OK) ‘The maximum shear is 94305504) 41 9 king From the Z, table (or the uniform load table) 141 kips > 41.2 kips (OK) Answer Use a W18x 55. Example §.13 Part of a floor frarsing system is shown in Figure 5.32. A 4-inch-thick reinforced concrete floor slab of normal-weight conerete is supported by floor beams spaced at7 feet. The floor beams are supported by girders, which in turn are supported by the columns. In addition to the weight of the structure, loads consist of a uniform live load of 80 psf and moveable pustitions, to be accounted for by using a uni- formly distributed load of 20 pounds per square foot of floor surface. The maximum live load deflection must not excced 1/360 of the span length. Use A992 steel and5.11. Floor and Roof Framing Systems 223 FIGURE 5.32 sae design the floor beams. Assume that the slab provides continuous lateral support of the floor beams, Solution The slab weight is ' 4 as Waa 150) = 4 ‘uae = 79 rand) 50 pst ‘Assume that each beam support a 7-t Slab: 50(7)=350 16/1 Partitions: 20(7) = 140 1b/ft Live load: 80(7) = $60 Ib ‘The beam weight will be accounted for once a trial selection has been made, ‘Since the partitions are moveable, they will be treated as live load. This is con- sistent with the provisions of the International Building Code (ICC, 2003). The dead and live loads are, therefore, ‘wp, = 0.350 Ib/f (excluding the beam weight) Ww, = 0.560 + 0.140 = 0.700 1b/ft LAFD Solution The total factored load is 1.20p + 1.6m, = 1.2(0.350) + 1.640.700) w, 1.540 kips/fe ‘The typical floor-beam connection will provide virtually no moment restraint, and the beams can be treated as simply supported. Hence 4 say «1s224° ChapterS Beams Answer ASD Solution ‘Since the beams have continuous lateral suppor, the Z, table can be used. Try a W14 x30: My, ‘Check the beam weight. 77 ips> 173 f-kips (OK) m=r+ha2.00020% «17 i OK “The maximum shear is 1,540(30) v,-oo 23.1 ips From the Z, table, 4¥y= 112 kips > 23.1kips (OK) “The maximum pemissble deflection is _L 3002) 1 on 360 360 io Apa SMe! 5 (0-700/12130% 12 "384 EL” 384 29,000(291) =LS1in.>10in. (NG) Solving the deflection equation for the required moment of inertia yields 510.700 /1230 x 12) 384(29,0003(1.0) Bim 384 es = 440 in Par. 3of the Manual contains seletion tables for both J, and These tables are or- nized inthe same way asthe Z, able, so selection ofthe lightest shape with suffi cient moment of inertia i simple. From the J, table, try a WI8 x 38: 1,=510iné > 440in* (OK) 249 f-kips > 177 fips (OK) 159 kips> 23.1 ips (OK) OM 6. Use a W18 x35, ‘Account for the beam weight after a selection has been made. Ww, = Wp + w= 0.350 + 0.700 = 1.05 kips/fe I we treat the beam connection asa simple support, the required moment strength is 3x09 118 45.11 Floor and Roof Framing Systems 225 For a beam with full lateral suppor, the Z, table can be used. ‘Tey a W16 x3: 35 f-kips > 118 feckips (OK) (A W14 x30 has an allowable moment strength of exactly 118 ft-kips, but the beam weight has not yet been accounted for.) Account for the beam weight: wy, =118+ (008100 = 12 fp <8 Ms (08) ‘The required shear strength is w,L _ (1.08 + 0.031430) 2 2 =16.2kips From the Z. table, the available shear strength is = 87.3kips> 162 kips (OK) Q, ‘Check deflection. The maximum permissible lve load defection is _L _ 30x12 360-360 5 web! _ 5. (0.700/12K30%12)* 384 ET, 384 29,000075, in A =LI7in.>L0in, (NG) Solve the deflection equation for the required moment of inertia Sw,L* —_ 5(0.700/12y30%12)* Tang = =e 440 in swt 384EA_,.n, 384(29,000X1.0) Part 3 of the Manual contains selection tables for both J, and J, From the J, table, try aW18x35: 1,=510in4 >440 in? (OK) = 166 f-kips > 122 ftkips (OK) 106 kips > 16.2kips. (OK) Dix P Answer Use aW18x35,Example 5.14 The shape shown in Figure 5.33 is a WI8 x 71 with holes in each flange for 1-inch-diameter bolts. The steel is A992. Compute the nominal flexural strength for an unbraced length of 10 feet. Use C= 1.0 FIGURE 5.33 wisx71228 Chapter $ Beams Solution ‘To determine the nominal flexural stength M,, all applicable limit states must be checked. From the Z, table, a W18 x 71 is seen to be a compact shape (no footnote 10 indicate otherwise). Also from the Z, table, L, = 6.00 ft and L, = 19.6 t Therefore for ‘an unbraced length 1, = 10 i, Ip 1501b/f (OK) Answer Use a 16K2Example 5.16 LAFD Solution Design a bearing plate to distribute the reaction of a W21 X68 with a span length of, 15 feet 10 inches center-to-center of supports. The total service load, including the beam weight, is 9 kips/tt, with equal parts dead and live load. The beam is to be sup- ported on reinforced concrete walls with f! = 3500 psi. For the beam, F,= SO ksi, and F,= 36 ksi for the pla, ‘The factored load is 1.2(4.5) + 1.6(4.5) = 12.60 kips/ft 2wp + Ow, and the reaction is, 6615.83) 2 99.73 kips Determine the length of bearing V required to prevent web yielding. From AISC Equation J10-3, the nominal strength for this limit state is, R, 25k+ NF, For @R, 2 Ru, 1.0[2.5(1.19) + NI(50\(0.430) 2 99.73 resulting in the requirement N21.66in. (Note that two values of k are given in the dimensions and properties tables: decimal value, called the design dimension, and a fractional value, called the derailing dimension, We always use the design dimension in calculations.)238 Chapter 5 Beams Use AISC Equation 10-5 to determine the value of NV required fo prevent web crippling. Assume N/d > 0.2 and try the second form of the equation, J10-5(b). For OR, 2 Rue vowing) [Fos [e( 2-02] 980)"] aS, oso -02] 980)" SBE ay ‘This results in the requirement N23.0in ‘Check the assumption: N_300 = Lot: wea olts02 WG) For N/d $02, (1, \* | fF, sao) oo(S)e) [Been scent tes orsoaonasor|ea( 35) 2 | BROS gy. resulting in the requirement N2259in, 12<0.2 (OK) in, Determine dimension B from a consideration of beating strength. If ‘we conservatively.assume that the full area ofthe suppor is used, the required plate area A, can be found as follows; OPLER, From AISC Equation J8-1, P, = 0.85f/A). Then 9O.85(A) 2B, 0.60(0.85)3.5)4, 2 99.73 A, 25587Answer ASD Solution 5.14 Beam Bearing Plates and Column Base Plates 239 ‘The minimum value of dimension ’B is ‘The flange width of a W21 x 68 is 8.27 inches, making the plate slightly wider than the flange, which is desirable, Rounding up to the nearest inch, try B = 10 in, Compute the required plate thickness: * B= 2k_ 10-2019) _ 3.810 in, : : 810 From Equation 5.13, 22Rn? __ [2221097338100 _ 99 i V axe, “V 106136) ft Use a PL 1% 6% 10. Determine the length of bearing I required to prevent web yielding. From AISC ‘Equation 110-3, the nominal strength is, R= O5k+ My For R,/22 R,, [2.50.19)+ N KS0K0.430) 150 1.20 in 27124 Determine the value of NV required to prevent web crippling. Assume N/d < 0.2 and use AISC Equation 310-5a: Rot 2 Nyt)” BL oad i4(8){'= oom ln( 2) et of ya af /0430)"* | [29,000(50,0.685) fyioaeeaor|oa( 2) 922)" SOHO 57 24 N 23.78 in, N 3.78 N_378o179<02 CK TF TTOt79<02. (OK)240 Chapter5 Beams Answer ‘Try N=6 in, Conse-vatively assume thatthe full area of the support is used and deter- mine B from a consideration of bearing strength. Using AISC Equation J8-1, we obtain Py _O85//A , Or tnO tees A, 259.87 in? ‘The minimum value of dimension B is B-2k _10-20.19) 2 2 From Equation 5.14, [3.34Run° __ |3.34(71.24X3, [3.34(71.243.810)" ea 10(6)36) Use aPL 12 x6x 10 : 27 in,Example 5.17 FIGURE 5.44 LRFD Solution ‘A W10%49 is used as a column and is supported by a concrete pier as shown in Figure 5.44. The top surface of the pier is 18 inches by 18 inches. Design an A36 base plate for a column dead load of 98 kips and a live load of 145 kips. The concrete The factored load is P,=1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2198) + 1.6(145) = 349.6 kips ‘Compute the required bearing area. From AISC Equation 38-2, For §,P)2 Pu ae oro] asso. 808 22006 A, 2161 in? Check upper limit: @,1.7f¢ A, = 0.6011.7)(3)(161) = 493 kips > 349.6 kips (OK) Also, the plate must be at least as large as the column, so +6, = 10.0(10.0)= 100 in2< 161 in? (OK) For B= N= 13 in, A, provided = 13(13) = 169 in5.14 Beam Bearing Plates and Column Base Plates 245 ‘The dimensions ofthe cantilever strips are N=095d _ 13-0.9500) m= 20980 _ 09500) «1.75 in e e W n= 2208, _ 13-0800) _ 5, 2 2 From Equation 5.17, au 1 n= Yih; = 7 N10000.0) =2.5 in Asa conservative simplification, let A= 10, giving = maxi da’) = max(1.75, 25,2) =2.5 in From Equation 5.18, the required plate thickness is ama =a 0.893 in \0908NF, ei Answer UseaPLIX13 x13. ASD Solution ‘The applied load is P,= D+ L=98 + 145 = 243 kips. Compute the required bearing area, Using AISC Equation J8-2, B, tos, ria ‘The upper limit is Lee eee FO-7L/ 4) = L [1.11)175)] = 357 hips > 243 kips Br OTEAD= 3 Se UC-THOA17S) = 357 Kips ips (OK) ‘The plate must be as large asthe column ‘bel= 10.0(10.0) = 100in2< 175 in? (OK) 3.5(13.5) = 182 in? >175 Try B= N= 13%in, with A, provided N=-095d _13.5~0,95(10.0) 2 2 B~08b; _ 135-0810) 2 2 2.0 in 750 in.Chapter 5 Answer Example 5.18 Solution Beams : 4 db, = 510.0000) = 2.5 in Conservatively, let A= 1.0, resulting in = max(m,n,An’) = max(2.0, 2.750, 2.5) = 2.750 in. From Equation 5.20, 2(243) bi = 2.7. “""' BNE, /1.67 2 OT S03 536/167 = 0.967 in. Use a PL 1 x 13% x 13%. ‘A W2L X68 is used as a simply supported beam with a span length of 12 feet. Lateral support of the compression flange is provided only at the ends. Loads act through the shear center, producing moments about the x and y axes. The service load mo- ments about the x axis are Mp, = 48 ft-kips and M,, = 144 ft-kips. Service load moments about the y axis are Mp, = 6 ft-kips and M,, = 18 ft-kips. If A992 steel is used, does this beam satisfy the provisions of the AISC Specification? Assume that all moments are uniform over the length of the beam. First, compute the nominal flexural strength for x-axis bending. The following data for a W21 x 68 are obtained from the Z, table. The shape is compact (no footnote to indicate otherwise) and 1, = 6.36 fi, L, The unbraced length L, = 12 ft, so L, < Ly 42,90 fckips * U8e QyMyy = 42.9 ftkips This shape is compact (no footnote in the uniform load tables), My = OsMyy = OFZ, = 0.90(36)2.34) = 75.82 in-kips = 6.318 ft-kips Bu a3 284 203216 115 ? 2.hMy, = (1.685, )= 0.9011.636K1.15) = 59.62 in.-kips = 4.968 f-kips Because the load is applied to the top Flange, use only half this capacity to account for the torsional effects. From Equation 5. 12.40 , 1038 - =0705<10 (0%) 42.9 © 4968/2 ° Ae The shear is v, = 28005) 5 51s From the uniform load tables, @V,=46.7 kips > 331 kips (OK) Use aC10x 15.3 For dead load plus a roof live load, load combination 3 will contro: a= Qo * Gir = 42 pst5.18 Biexial Bending 255 ‘The width of wot surface tibutary to each pu 15 110 _ 5.996 4 3 Then Purlin load = 42(7.906) = 332.1 Ib/ft_ + 3 Normal component = (332.1) =315.1 lb/ft vio Parallel component = Ie 1)= 105.0 b/ft and 862 fe-kips L Losisiasy gosispasy ‘With sag rods placed atthe midpoint of each purlin, the purlins are two-span coatin- uuous beams with respect to weak axis bending, From Table 3-22c, “Continuous Beams,” the maximum moment in a two-span continuous beam with equal spans is atthe interior support and is given by 0.125w# where ‘w= uniform load intensity span length ‘The maximum moment about the y axis is therefore M,, = 0.125(0.1050)(15 /2)?= 0.7383 Ikips ‘To select atrial shape, use the beam design charts and choose shape with a relatively large margin of strength with respect to major axis bending. For an unbraced length of 15/2=7.5 ft, uy a C10 x 15.3. = 10, Mg/Q, = 22.0 f-kips, From Figure 5.15b, C, = 1:30 for the load and lateral support conditions of this beam. Therefore, MJ, = 3022.0) = 28.60 ft-kips From the uniform load tables, M/S, = 286 f-kips 2: Use My/Qy = 28.6 f-kips ‘This shape is compact (no footnote in the uniform load tables), so Myy/2, = Mjy/y = F,Z,/5 = 3602.34)/1.67 = 50.44 cps = 4.203 f-kipsChapter 5 Beams Answer But =2.03> 1.6 S, 2+ Myy/Qy, = 1.GF,S,/Q, = 1.6(36\1.15)/1.67 = 39.66 in.-kip LAs 300 fi-kips Because the load is applied to the top flange, use only half of this capacity to account for the torsional effects. From Equation 5.23, Max, May _ 8.862 , 0.7383 Myy/Q4 Myy/Q,— 28.6 3300/2 .757<1.0 (OK) ‘The maximum shear is 0315105) _ 5 56 Kips From the uniform load tables, gem O kips>2.36kips (OK) Use a C10 x 15.3.