CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T

CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T
DNG 1: BI TP V THNH PHN CA NGUYN T
Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v ntron B. electron v ntron
C. proton v ntron D. electron v proton
Cu 2: Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng
A. S proton v in tch ht nhn B. S proton v s electron
C. S khi A v s ntron D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:
A. C cng s khi A B. C cng s proton
C. C cng s ntron D. C cng s proton v s ntron
Cu 4: iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?
A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l p, n, e.
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t. (2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron. (4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4 B. 1 v 3 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 7: Chn cu pht biu sai :
1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s prtn = s electron = s in tch ht nhn
2. Tng s prton v s electron trong mt ht nhn gi l s khi
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t
4. S prton =in tch ht nhn
5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s prton nhng khc nhau v s ntron
A. 2,4,5 B. 2,3 C. 3,4 D. 2,3,4
24 25 26
Cu 8: Cho ba nguyn t c k hiu l 12 Mg , 12 Mg , 12 Mg . Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A.S ht electron ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 12, 13, 14 B.y l 3 ng v.
C.Ba nguyn t trn u thuc nguyn t Mg. D.Ht nhn ca mi ngt u c 12 proton.
Cu 9: Chn cu pht biu sai:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn D. S p bng s e
27
Cu 10: Nguyn t 13 Al c :
A. 13p, 13e, 14n. B. 13p, 14e, 14n.
C. 13p, 14e, 13n. D. 14p, 14e, 13n.
40
Cu 11: Nguyn t canxi c k hiu l 20 Ca . Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Nguyn t Ca c 2electron lp ngoi cng. B. S hiu nguyn t ca Ca l 20.
C. Canxi th 20 trong bng tun hon. D. Tng s ht c bn ca canxi l 40.
Cu 12: Cp pht biu no sau y l ng:
1. Obitan nguyn t l vng khng gian quanh ht nhn, xc sut hin din ca electron l rt ln ( trn 90%).
2. m my electron khng c ranh gii r rt cn obitan nguyn t c ranh gii r rt.
3. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay ging nhau.
4. Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s c phn b trn cc obitan sao cho cc electron c thn l ti a v
cc electron phi c chiu t quay khc nhau.
5. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay khc nhau.
A. 1,3,5. B. 3,2,4. C. 3,5, 4. D. 1,2,5.

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DNG 2: TM S P, E, N, S KHI A - VIT K HIU NGUYN T

LU : Ngt X c s ht ( p, n,e ) nhn thm a electron Ion Xa- c s ht l ( p, n, e + a)
Ngt Y c s ht (p, n, e) nhng (cho) b electron Ion Yb+ c s ht l ( p, n, e - b)

Cu 13: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 40 .Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang
in l 12 ht .Nguyn t X c s khi l :
A. 27 B. 26 C. 28 D. 23
Cu 14: Trong nguyn t mt nguyn t A c tng s cc loi ht l 58. Bit s ht p t hn s ht n l 1 ht. K hiu
ca A l
38 39 39 38
K K K K
A. 19 B. 19 C. 20 D. 20
Cu 15: Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 155 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 33 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 119 B. 113 C. 112 D. 108
Cu 16: Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 82 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 22 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 57 B. 56 C. 55 D. 65
Cu 17: Ngt ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht .Trong ht nhn, ht mang in bng s ht khng mang in.
1/ S n v in tch ht nhn Z l : A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D.15
2/ S khi A ca ht nhn l : A . 23 B. 24 C. 25 D. 27
Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 49, trong s ht khng mang in bng 53,125% s
ht mang in.in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 18 B. 17 C. 15 D. 16
Cu 19: Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s
ht khng mang in. in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
Cu 20: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c 122 ht p,n,e. S ht mang in trong nhn t hn s ht khng mang in
l 11 ht. S khi ca nguyn t trn l:
A. 122 B. 96 C. 85 D. 74
Cu 21: Nguyn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 52 v s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. 17 B. 18 C. 34 D. 52
Cu 22: Nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e l 28 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. 168 X B. 199 X C. 109 X D. 189 X
Cu 23: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 13. S khi
ca nguyn t l:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 11 D. Tt c u
sai
Cu 24: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB 43- l 50. S ht mang in trong nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang
in trong ht nhn nguyn t B l 22. S hiu nguyn t A, B ln lt l:
A. 16 v 7 B. 7 v 16 C. 15 v 8 D. 8 v 15
Cu 25: Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p,n,e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in
l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t
X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M2X l:
A. K2O B. Rb2O C. Na2O D. Li2O
Cu 26: Trong phn t MX2 c tng s ht p,n,e bng 164 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 52 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 5. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn
t M ln hn trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M ln hn trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. S
hiu nguyn t ca M l:
A. 12 B. 20 C. 26 D. 9
DNG 3: XC NH NGT KHI TRUNG BNH, S KHI, % CC NG V
Dng 1: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.
- Nu cha c s khi A1; A2. ta tm A1 = p + n1; A2 = p+ n2; A3 = p + n3
- p dng cng thc :

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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
A 1 .x1 A2 .x 2 A3 .x3
A = trong A1, A2, A3 l s khi ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
100
x1, x2, x3 l % s nguyn t ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
A 1 .x1 A2 .x 2 A3 .x3
hoc A = trong A1, A2, A3 l s khi ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
x1 x 2 x 3
x1, x2, x3 l s nguyn t ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
Dng 2: Xc nh phn trm cc ng v
- Gi % ca ng v 1 l x %
% ca ng v 2 l (100 x).
- Lp phng trnh tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh gii c x.
Dng 3: Xc nh s khi ca cc ng v
- Gi s khi cc ng v 1, 2 ln lt l A1; A2.
- Lp h 2 phng trnh cha n A1; A2 gii h c A1; A2.

Cu 27: nh ngha v ng v no sau y ng:

A. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prton.
B. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prton
C. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s prton, khc nhau s ntron
D. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntron
Cu 28: Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn t sau, dy no ch cng mt nguyn t ha hc:
A. 6A 14 ; 7B 15 B. 8C16; 8D 17; 8E 18 C. 26G56; 27F56 D. 10H20 ; 11I 22
16 17 18
Cu 29: Oxi c 3 ng v 8 O, 8 O, 8 O s kiu phn t O2 c th to thnh l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu 30: Trong t nhin H c 3 ng v: 1H, 2H, 3H. Oxi c 3 ng v 16O, 17O, 18O. Hi c bao nhiu loi phn t H 2O
c to thnh t cc loi ng v trn:
A. 3 B. 16 C. 18 D. 9
14 15
Cu 31: Nit trong thin nhin l hn hp gm hai ng v l 7 N (99,63%) v 7 N (0,37%). Nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca nit l
A. 14,7 B. 14,0 C. 14,4 D. 13,7
24 25 26
Cu 32: Tnh ngt khi trung bnh ca Mg bit Mg c 3 ng v 12 Mg ( 79%), 12 Mg ( 10%), cn li l 12 Mg ?
63 65
Cu 33: Nguyn t Cu c hai ng v bn l 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. T l %
63 65
ng v 29 Cu , 29 Cu ln lt l
A. 70% v 30% B. 27% v 73% C. 73% v 27% D. 64% v 36 %
Cu 34: Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Brm l 79,91. Brm c hai ng v, trong
ng v 35Br79 chim 54,5%. Khi lng nguyn t ca ng v th hai s l:
A. 77 B. 78 C. 80 D. 81
11 10
Cu 35: Nguyn t Bo c 2 ng v B (x1%) v B (x2%), ngt khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,8. Gi tr ca x 1% l:
A. 80% B. 20% C. 10,8% D. 89,2%
Cu 36: Ngt X c 2 ng v , t l s ngt ca ng v 1, ng v 2 l 31 : 19. ng v 1 c 51p, 70n v ng v th
2 hn ng v 1 l 2 ntron. Tm ngt khi trung bnh ca X ?
35 37
Cu 37: Clo co hai ong v la 17 Cl ; 17 Cl . T le so nguyen t cua hai ong v nay
la 3 : 1. Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua Clo.
63 65
Cu 38: ng c 2 ng v 29 Cu ; 29 Cu , bit t l s nguyn t ca chng ln lt l 105 : 245. Tnh ngt khi
trung bnh ca Cu ?

DNG 4: TM NGT V VIT CU HNH E CA NGT - C IM E CA LP, PHN LP

Tm Z Tn nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron
Cu 39: Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau:
6 C , 8 O , 12 Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , 29 Cu .

- Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao?
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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
- Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao?
Cu 40: Ba nguyen t A, B, C co so hieu nguyen t la 3 so t nhien lien tiep.
Tong so e cua chung la 51. Hay viet cau hnh e va cho biet ten cua chung.
Cu 41:a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s 24p4 . Hy vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t X.
b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t Y.
Cu 42: Mt nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t Z =19. S lp electron trong nguyn t X l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cu 43: Nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm c 13e v cu hnh electron l 1s 22s22p63s23p1. Kt lun no sau y ng ?
A. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.
B. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 1e.
C. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 3e.
D. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 3e hay ni cch khc l lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.
Cu 44: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu bng 7 c my electron c thn ?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 45: Mc nng lng ca cc electron trn cc phn lp s, p, d thuc cng mt lp c xp theo th t :
A. d < s < p. B. p < s < d. C. s < p < d. D. s < d < p.
Cu 46: Cc nguyn t c Z 20, tho mn iu kin c 2e c thn lp ngoi cng l
A. Ca, Mg, Na, K B. Ca, Mg, C, Si C. C, Si, O, S D. O, S, Cl, F
Cu 47: Nguyn t M c cu hnh electron ca phn lp ngoi cng l 3d 7. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l:
A. 24 B. 25 C. 27 D. 29
Cu 48: Electron cui cng ca mt nguyn t M in vo phn lp 3d3. S electron ha tr ca M l
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D.4
Cu 49: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng l 6. Cho bit
X thuc v nguyn t ho hc no sau y?
A. Oxi (Z = 8) B. Lu hunh (Z = 16) C. Flo (Z = 9) D. Clo (Z = 17)
Cu 50: Mt ngt X c tng s e cc phn lp p l 11. Hy cho bit X thuc v nguyn t ho hc no sau y?
A. nguyn t s. B. nguyn t p. C. nguyn t d. D. nguyn t f.
Cu 51: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:
A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br.
Cu 52: Nguyn t nguyn t X c e cui cng in vo phn lp 3p 1. Nguyn t nguyn t Y c
e cui cng in vo phn lp 3p3. S proton ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 13 v 15 B. 12 v 14 C. 13 v 14 D. 12 v 15
Cu 53: Electron cui cng ca nguyn t nguyn t X phn b vo phn lp 3d 6. X l
A. Zn B. Fe C. Ni D. S
Cu 54: Mt nguyn t X c 3 lp. trng thi c bn, s electron ti a trong lp M l:
A. 2 B. 8 C. 18 D. 32
Cu 55: Mot nguyen t co Z la 14 th nguyen t o co ac iem sau:
A. So obitan con trong trong lp vo la 1. C. So obitan trong la 6.
B. So electron oc than la 2. D. A, B eu ung.
Cu 56: Phn t X2Y3 c tng s ht electron l 50, s e trong ngt X nhiu hn trong ngt Y l 5. Xc nh s hiu
ngt, vit cu hnh e ca X, Y v s phn b theo obitan ?

DNG 5: VIT CU HNH E CA ION XC NH TNH CHT CA NGUYN T

1. T cu hnh e ca nguyn t Cu hnh e ca ion tng ng.

- Cu hnh e ca ion dng : bt i s e phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt bng ng in tch ion .
- Cu hnh e ca ion m : nhn thm s e bng ng in tch ion vo phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt.
2. Da vo cu hnh e, xc nh cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nguyn t.
- Lp ngoi cng c 8 e ngt kh him
- Lp ngoi cng c 1, 2, 3 e ngt kim loi
- Lp ngoi cng c 5, 6, 7 ngt phi kim

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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
- Lp ngoi cng c 4 e c th l kim loi, hay phi kim.
Cu 57: Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , S , S2- , Rb v Rb+ . Bit : ZFe = 26 ; ZS = 16 ; ZRb = 37.
Cu 58: Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ngt, ion sau : Al ( Z = 13); Al 3+; Fe ( Z= 26); Fe2+; Br ( Z= 35); Br-?
Cu 59: Cho bit st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
2 2 6 2 6 5
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d4
+
Cu 60: Cu trc electron no sau y l ca ion Cu .
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s1. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10. C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
Cu 61: Cu2+ c cu hnh electron l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d8
2- 3+ 2 2 6
Cu 62: Ion X v M u c cu hnh electron l 1s 2s 2p . X, M l nhng nguyn t no sau y ?
A. F, Ca B. O, Al C. S, Al D. O, Mg
Cu 63: Dy gm nguyn t X, cc ion Y2+ v Z- u c cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p63s23p6 l:
A. Ne, Mg2+, F- B. Ar, Mg2+, F- C. Ne, Ca2+, Cl- D. Ar,Ca2+, Cl-
Cu 64: Cation R+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R l
A.1s22s22p5 B.1s22s22p63s2 C.1s22s22p63s23p1 D.1s22s22p63s1
3+ 5
Cu 65: Ion M c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d . Vy cu hnh electron ca M l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
2 2 6 2 6 8
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p1
2+ 2 2 6 2 6 5
Cu 66: Cu hnh e ca ion Mn l : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d . Cu hnh e ca Mn l :
A.1s22s22p63s23p63d7 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
2 2 6 2 6 2 5
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 4p D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s24p2
Cu 67: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t X : 1s 2s 2p 3s23p4 ; Y : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 ; Z : 1s22s22p63s23p6.
2 2 6

Nguyn t no l kim loi ?

A. X B. Y C. Z D. X v Y
Cu 68: Cho cc nguyn t c s hiu tng ng l X (Z 1 = 11), Y (Z2 = 14), Z (Z3 = 17), T (Z4 = 20), R (Z5 = 10).
Cc nguyn t l kim loi gm :
A. Y, Z, T. B. Y, T, R. C. X, Y, T. D. X, T.
Cu 69: Cu trc electron no sau y l ca phi kim:
(1). 1s22s22p63s23p4. (4). [Ar]3d54s1.
2 2 6 2 6 2 2
(2). 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s . (5). [Ne]3s23p3.
2 2 6 2 6 10 2 3
(3). 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p . (6). [Ne]3s23p64s2.
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (5). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (4), (6).
Cu 70: Cho cc cu hnh electron sau:
a. 1s22s1. b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. c. 1s22s22p63s23p1
2 2 4 2 2 6 2 6 4 2
d. 1s 2s 2p . e. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s f. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
2 2 6 2 5 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 5
g. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . h. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p i. 1s22s22p63s23p2
2 2 6 1 2 2 3
j. 1s 2s 2p 3s . k. 1s 2s 2p . l. 1s2.
a, Cc nguyn t c tnh cht phi kim gm:
A. ( c, d, f, g, k) B. ( d, f, g, j, k) C. ( d, g, h, k ) D. ( d, g, h, i, k).
A b, Cc nguyn t c tnh kim loi :
A. ( a, b, e, f, j, l). B. ( a, f, j, l) C. ( a, b,c, e, f, j) D. ( a, b, j, l).

CHUYN 2: BNG TUN HON V NH LUT TUN HON

DNG 1: T CU HNH ELECTRON CA NGUYN T V TR TRONG BTH

Lu : - T cu hnh ion => cu hnh electron ca nguyn t => v tr trong BTH
( khng dng cu hnh ion => v tr nguyn t )
- T v tr trong BTH cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
+ T s th t chu k => s lp electron => lp ngoi cng l lp th my
+ T s th t nhm => s electron ca lp ngoi cng ( vi nhm A) cu hnh electron.
Nu cu hnh e ngoi cng : (n-1)da nsb th nguyn t thuc nhm B v :
+ nu a + b < 8 S TT nhm = a + b.

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+ nu a + b = 8, 9, 10 S TT nhm = 8.
+ nu a + b > 10 S TT nhm = a + b 10.
Cu 71: Nguyn t A c Z = 18,v tr ca A trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 3, phn nhm VIB B. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIA
C. chu k 3, phn nhm VIA D. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIB
Cu 72: Nguyn t R c Z = 25,v tr ca R trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIA B. chu k 4, phn nhm VB
C. chu k 4, phn nhm IIA D. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB
Cu 73: Nguyn t A c mc nng lng ngoi cng l 3p 5. Ngt B c mc nng lng ngoi cng 4s 2. Xc nh v tr
ca A, B trong BTH ?
Cu 74: Xc nh v tr ca cc ngt c mc nng lng ngoi cng l :
A. 3s23p5 B. 3d104p6 C. 4s23d3 D. 4s23d10 E. 4s23d8
Cu 75: Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l ns , ns np1, ns2 np5.
1 2

Pht biu no sau y sai ?

A. A, M, X ln lt l cc th 11, 13 v 17 ca bng tun hon.
B. A, M, X u thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon.
C. A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIIA v VIIA ca bng tun hon.
D. Trong ba nguyn t, ch c X to c hp cht vi hiro.
Cu 76: Anion X3- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca X trong BTH l:
A. th 15, chu k 3, phn nhm VA B. th 16, chu k 2, phn nhm VA
C. th 17, chu k 3, phn nhm VIIA D. th 21, chu k 4, phn nhm IIIB
Cu 77: Ion X2+ c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6. V tr ca X trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA D. Chu k 3, nhm IA
2 2 6 2 6
Cu 78: Ion Y c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . V tr ca Y trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
Cu 79: Cation X+ v anion Y2- u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong BTH l:
A. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
B. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
C. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
D. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
Cu 80: Nguyn t Y c Z = 22.
a. Vit cu hnh electron ngt Y, xc nh v tr ca Y trong BTH ?
b. Vit cu hnh electron ca Y2+; Y4+ ?
Cu 81: Ngt A chu k 5, nhm IA, nguyn t B c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4p 5.
a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B ?
b. Xc nh cu to ngt, v tr ca ngt B ?
c. Gi tn A, B v cho bit A, B l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him ?

DNG 2: XC NH 2 NGUYN T K TIP TRONG CNG 1 CHU K HOC CNG NHM

- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn t nm k tip nhau trong 1 chu k ZB ZA = 1
- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc 1 nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip th gia A, B c th cch nhau 8, 18 hoc 32
nguyn t. Lc ny cn xt bi ton 3 trng hp:
+ Trng hp 1: A, B cch nhau 8 nguyn t : ZB ZA = 8.
+ Trng hp 2: A, B cch nhau 18 nguyn t : ZB ZA = 18.
+ Trng hp 3: A, B cch nhau 32 nguyn t : ZB ZA = 32.
Phng php : Lp h phng trnh theo 2 n ZB, ZA ZB, ZA
Cu 82: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Bit Z A + ZB = 32. S
proton trong nguyn t ca A, B ln lt l:
A. 7, 25 B. 12, 20 C. 15, 17 D. 8, 14
Cu 83: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Tng s proton trong ht
nhn 2 nguyn t l 30. A, B l nguyn t no sau y?
A. Li v Na B. Na v K C. Mg v Ca D. Be v Mg

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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
Cu 84: A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu
ky nho lien tiep trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 32. Xac
nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 85: A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu
ky lien tiep trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so ien tch hat nhan cua chung
la 24. Tm so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 86: A va B la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong
tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 25. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet
cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 87: C va D la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong
tuan hoan. Tong so khoi cua chung la 51. So ntron cua D ln hn C la 2 hat.
Trong nguyen t C, so electron bang vi so ntron. Xac nh v tr va viet cau
hnh e cua C, D.

DNG 3: XC NH NGUYN T DA VO PHN TRM KHI LNG

Lu : i vi phi kim : ho tr cao nht vi Oxi + ho tr vi Hidro = 8
- Xc nh nhm ca ngt R (S TT nhm = s electron lp ngoi cng = ho tr ca ngt trong oxit cao nht )
- Lp h thc theo % khi lng MR .
a.M H M
Gi s cng thc RHa cho %H %R =100-%H v ngc li ADCT : R gii ra MR.
%H %R
y.M O x.M R
Gi s cng thc RxOy cho %O %R =100-%O v ngc li ADCT : gii ra MR.
%O %R

Cu 88: Ngt X c ho tr 1 trong hp cht kh vi hiro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht X chim 38,8% khi lng.
Cng thc oxit cao nht, hiroxit tng nga ca X l :
A. F2O7, HF B. Cl2O7, HClO4 C. Br2O7, HBrO4 D. Cl2O7, HCl
Cu 89: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca ngt c cng thc RH4, oxit cao nht c 72,73% oxi theo khi lng, R l :
A. C B. Si C. Ge D. Sn
Cu 90: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R l RO3. Hp cht kh ca R vi hiro c 5,88 % hiro v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 91: Oxit cao nht ca R l R2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 92: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH4. Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 93: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH2. Trong oxit cao nht, t l khi lng gia R v oxi l 2 : 3. Tm R.

DNG 4: XC NH NGUYN T DA VO PHN NG HA HC

- Tm 2 kim loi A, B k tip nhau trong cng phn nhm chnh.
m hhKL
Tm A MA < A < MB da vo BTH suy ra 2 nguyn t A, B.
nhhKL
Cu 94: Cho 4,4 g hn hp 2 kim loi kim th k cn nhau td vi dd HCl d cho 3,36 lt kh H2(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba
Cu 95: Cho 34,25 gam mt kim loi M( ha tr II) tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 6,16 lt H 2 ( 27,3oC, 1atm). M l:
A. Be B. Ca C. Mg D. Ba
Cu 96: Ho tan hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim k tip nhau vo nc c dd X v 336 ml kh H 2(ktc). Cho HCl d vo
dd X v c cn thu c 2,075 g mui khan. Hai kim loi kim l:
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
Cu 97: Ho tan hon ton 6,9081 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA vo dd HCl thu
c 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba
Cu 98: Cho 10,80 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA tc dng vi dd H 2SO4 long
d. Cht kh thu c cho hp th hon ton vo dd Ba(OH) 2 d th thu c 23,64 g kt ta. Cng thc 2 mui l:
A. BeCO3 v MgCO3 B. MgCO3 v CaCO3 C. CaCO3 v SrCO3 D. SrCO3 v BaCO3
Cu 99: Cho 10 (g) mt kim loi A ha tr II tc dng ht vi nc thu c 5,6 (l) kh H 2 (kc). Tm tn kim loi .

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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
Cu 100: Cho 17 g mt oxit kim loi A ( nhm III) vo dd H 2SO4 va , thu c 57 g mui. Xc nh kim loi A? Tnh
khi lng dd H2SO4 10% dng ?
Cu 101: Cho 0,72 (g) mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) kh H 2
(kc). Xc nh tn kim loi .
Cu 102: Ha tan hon ton 6,85 (g) mt kim loi kim th R bng 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M). Nu trung ha lng
axit cn 100 (ml) dung dch NaOH 3 (M). Xc nh tn kim loi trn.
Cu 103: Cho 0,88 g hn hp 2 kim loi X, Y ( nhm IIA ), 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dd H 2SO4 long thu c
672 ml kh (ktc) v m gam mui khan.
a. Xc nh 2 kim loi X, Y ?
b. Tnh m gam mui khan thu c ?
Cu 104: Cho 11,2 g hn hp 2 kloi kim A, B 2 chu k lin tip vo dd 200 ml H2O c 4,48 lt kh (ktc) v dd E.
a. Xc nh A, B ?
b. Tnh C% cc cht trong dd E ?
c. trung ho dd E trn cn bao nhiu ml dd H2SO4 1M ?
Cu 105: Nu ha tan hon ton 1,16 (g) mt hiroxit kim loi R ha tr II cn dng 1,46 (g) HCl.
a. Xc nh tn kim loi R, cng thc hiroxit.
b. Vit cu hnh e ca R bit R c s p bng s n.
Cu 106: Ha tan 20,2 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I vo nc
thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) vo dung dch A.
a. Tm tn hai kim loi.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 2 (M) cn dng trung ha dung dch A.

DNG 5: SO SNH TNH CHT CA 1 NGUYN T VI CC NGT LN CN

CN NH
Cc i lng v tnh Quy lut bin i trong 1 chu k Quy lut bin i trong 1 nhm A
cht so snh
Bn knh nguyn t Gim dn Tng dn
Nng lng ion ho ( I1) Tng dn Gim dn
m in Tng dn Gim dn
Tnh kim loi Gim dn Tng dn
Tnh phi kim Tng dn Gim dn
Ho tr ca 1 ngt trong Tng t I VII = chnh s th t nhm = s e
Oxit cao nht lp ngoi cng
Tnh axit ca oxit v hiroxitTng dn Gim dn
Tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxitGim dn Tng dn

Trc tin : Xc nh v tr cc ngt so snh cc ngt trong cng chu k, trong 1 nhm kt qu
Lu : Bit rng bn knh cc ion c cng cu hnh electron t l nghch vi Z
Cu 107: Trong chu k, t tri sang phi, theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn:
A.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK gim B. Tnh KL gim, tnh PK tng
C.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK tng D.Tnh KL gim, tnh PK gim
Cu 108: Trong 1 chu k, i t tri sang phi, theo chiu Z tng dn, bn knh nguyn t:
A.Tng dn B. Gim dn C. Khng i D. Khng xc nh
Cu 109: Bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t : Na, Li, Be, B. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. B < Be < Li < Na B. Na < Li < Be < B C. Li < Be < B < Na D. Be < Li < Na < B
Cu 110: m in ca cc nguyn t : Na, Mg, Al, Si. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. Na < Mg < Al < Si B. Si < Al < Mg < Na C. Si < Mg < Al < Na D. Al < Na < Si < Mg
Cu 111: m in ca cc nguyn t : F, Cl, Br, I .Xp theo chiu gim dn l:
A. F > Cl > Br > I B. I> Br > Cl> F C. Cl> F > I > Br D. I > Br> F > Cl
Cu 112: Cc nguyn t C, Si, Na, Mg c xp theo th t nng lng ion ho th nht gim dn l :
A. C, Mg, Si, Na B. Si, C, Na, Mg C. Si, C, Mg, Na D. C, Si, Mg, Na
Cu 113: Tnh kim loi gim dn trong dy :
A. Al, B, Mg, C B. Mg, Al, B, C C. B, Mg, Al, C D. Mg, B, Al, C
Cu 114: Tnh phi kim tng dn trong dy :

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 CC DNG BI TP CHNG CU TO NGUYN T
A. P, S, O, F B. O, S, P, F C. O, F, P, S D. F, O, S, P
Cu 115: Tnh kim loi tng dn trong dy :
A. Ca, K, Al, Mg B. Al, Mg, Ca, K C. K, Mg, Al, Ca D. Al, Mg, K, Ca
Cu 116: Tnh phi kim gim dn trong dy :
A. C, O, Si, N B. Si, C, O, N C. O, N, C, Si D. C, Si, N, O
Cu 117: Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :
A. Al(OH)3 ; Ba(OH)2; Mg(OH)2 B. Ba(OH)2; Mg(OH)2; Al(OH)3
C. Mg(OH)2; Ba(OH)2; Al(OH)3 D. Al(OH)3; Mg(OH)2; Ba(OH)2
Cu 118: Tnh axit tng dn trong dy :
A. H3PO4; H2SO4; H3AsO4 B. H2SO4; H3AsO4; H3PO4
C. H3PO4; H3AsO4; H2SO4 D. H3AsO4; H3PO4 ;H2SO4
Cu 119: Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :
A. K2O; Al2O3; MgO; CaO B. Al2O3; MgO; CaO; K2O
C. MgO; CaO; Al2O3; K2O D. CaO; Al2O3; K2O; MgO
Cu 120: Ion no c bn knh nh nht trong cc ion sau:
A. Li+ B. K+ C. Be2+ D. Mg2+
Cu 121: Bn knh ion no ln nht trong cc ion sau :
A. S2- B. Cl- C. K+ D. Ca2+
Cu 122: Cc ion c bn knh gim dn l :
A. Na+ ; Mg2+ ; F- ; O2- B. F- ; O2- ; Mg2+ ; Na+ C. Mg2+ ; Na+ ; O2- ; F- D. O2- ; F- ; Na+ ; Mg2+
Cu 123: Dy ion c bn knh nguyn t tng dn l :
A. Cl- ; K+ ; Ca2+ ; S2- B. S2- ;Cl- ; Ca2+ ; K+ C. Ca2+ ; K+ ; Cl- ; S2- D. K+ ; Ca2+ ; S2- ;Cl-

BI TP TNG HP TRONG CC THI I HC, CAO NG

Cu 124: (H A 2007) Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l:
A. Na+, Cl-, Ar. B. Li+, F-, Ne. C. Na+, F-, Ne. D. K+, Cl-, Ar.
-
Cu 125: (H A 2007) Anion X v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca
cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3, nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II).
Cu 126: (H B 2007) Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn. B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn. D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh ngt gim dn.
Cu 127: (C 2007) Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 6329Cuv 6529Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 6329Cu l
A. 27%. B. 50%. C. 54%. D. 73%.
Cu 128: (C 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc
nguyn t tng dn theo th t
A. M < X < Y < R. B. R < M < X < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < R < Y.
Cu 129: (C 2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in
ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l
A. Fe v Cl. B. Na v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Al v P.
Cu 130: (H A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri
sang phi l
A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.
Cu 131: (H B 2008) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F.

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Cu 132: (H B 2008) Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m R
c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P.
Cu 133: (C 2009) Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35.
S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 18. B. 23. C. 17. D. 15.
Cu 134: (H A 2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp cht
kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca ngt X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%. B. 27,27%. C. 60,00%. D. 40,00%.
Cu 135: (H A 2009) Cu hnh electron ca ion X 2 + l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t
ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 136: (H B 2009) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.
Cu 137: (C 2010) Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H 2 SO4 (d), thu c dung
dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A. NaHCO3. B. Ca(HCO3)2. C. Ba(HCO3)2. D. Mg(HCO3)2.
Cu 138: (H A 2010) Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th
A. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim. B. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng.
C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng. D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.
Cu 139: (H A 2010) Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t: 2613X, 5526Y, 2612Z?
A. X v Z c cng s khi. B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc. D. X v Y c cng s ntron.
Cu 140: (H B 2010)Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2. C. [Ar]3d64s1. D. [Ar]3d34s2.
Cu 141: (C 2011) ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit ca n cn
va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A. Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.
Cu 142: (H A 2011) Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc
nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh
theo l thuyt l
A. 0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
Cu 143: (C 2012) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhn nguyn
t X c s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trong bng tun hon
cc nguyn t ha hc l
A. chu k 3, nhm VA. B. chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
C. chu k 2, nhm VIIA. D. chu k 2, nhm VA.
Cu 144: (H A 2012) Nguyn t R to c cation R+. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca R + (
trng thi c bn) l 2p6. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l
A. 10. B. 11. C. 22. D. 23.
Cu 145: (H A 2012) X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca
nguyn t Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt
no sau y v X, Y l ng?
A. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
B. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
Cu 146: (H B 2012) Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn t Y
to vi kim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi lng. Kim loi M l
A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Fe.

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Cu 147: (C 2013) trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 4 electron lp L (lp th hai). S
proton c trong nguyn t X l
A. 7. B. 6. C. 8. D. 5.
Cu 148: (H A 2013) trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z = 11) l
A. 1s22s22p53s2. B. 1s22s22p63s1. C. 1s22s22p63s2. D. 1s22s22p43s1.
27
Cu 149: (H B 2013) S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm ( 13Al) ln lt l
A. 13 v 14 B. 13 v 15 C. 12 v 14 D. 13 v 13

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