ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No.

Preliminary Design of a 20-story Reinforced Concrete Building

By

Mike Mota, P.E.

Chair Task B-C
Preliminary Design and Economical Impact
Member of ACI and Secretary of Committee 314
Atlantic Regional Manager
CRSI

Jim Lai, S.E.

(Retired)

March 19, 2008

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Building description.. ..3

1.1 Material..3
1.2 Design loading3
1.3 Story weight. ..3
1.4 Governing codes.3

2. Outline of preliminary design procedure:6

2.1 Loading:..6
2.1.1 Develop seismic loading based on ASCE7-05 Chapter 11 and 126
2.1.2 Design of structural wall (shear wall)6
2.1.3 Design of special moment frame6

3. Lateral Force Analysis:7

3.1 Mapped Spectral Acceleration7
3.2 Structural System7

4. Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure:8

4.1 Unit Loads ..9
4.2 Seismic Story Shear and Building OTM.9
4.3 Preliminary design of structural wall.10

5. Moment Frame Design:..21

5.1 Two moment frames in each direction..22
5.2 Seismic Force distribution using Portal Method...25
5.3 Based on two cycle moment distribution..25
5.4 Column axial load (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)..25

6. Preliminary Material Quantities for Superstructure only....31

6.1 Shear-walls.31
6.2 Columns.32
6.3 Slabs...32

7. Appendix A: Power-point slides from Atlanta Session..34

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1
1
1. Building Description:

20-story office building in Los Angeles, CA has a dual moment resisting frame system of reinforced
concrete structural walls and reinforced concrete moment frames. Typical floor plan and an elevation are
shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The building is square in plan with five 28-ft bays totaling 142 ft 3 inches out to out in each direction.

Story heights are 23 ft from the first to second floors and 13 feet for the remaining 19 stories; the overall
building height is 270 feet.

Typical floor framing consists of 4 inches thick light weight concrete slabs, 12 x 18 beams at 9 ft- 4in
o.c. and 18 x 24 girders; interior columns are 30 inches square for the full height of the building.

Girders at the periphery of the floor are 27 x 36 and columns are 36 inches square for the full height of the
building.

A 28 ft x 84 ft x 13 ft high penthouse with equipment loading at the roof level

A small mezzanine floor at the first story

1.1 Material:

Concrete Strength fc = 4,000 psi above 3rd floor (light weight 115 pcf)
fc = 5,000 psi below 3rd floor (normal weight)

Reinforcement - fy = 60,000 psi

1.2 Design Loading:

Partition including miscellaneous dead load = 20 psf

Floor Live load = 50 psf (reducible based on tributary area)

1.3 Story weight:

Roof = wrf =2800 kips

Floor 1620 wi = 2800 kips
Floor 9 15 wi = 2850 kips
Floor 3 8 wi = 2900 kips
Floor 2 - w2 = 4350 kips
Total building weight wi = 58,500 kips

1.4 Governing Codes:

IBC -2006
ACI 318-05
ASCE 7 -05

1
This example was originally developed by James S. Lai of Johnson and Nielsen Associates, Structural
Engineers, Los Angeles, CA for BSSC trial design and was published in FEMA 140, Guide to Application of
NEHRP Recommended Provisions in Earthquake-Resistant Building Design, Building Seismic Safety Council,
Washington, D.C. 1990.

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

5 Bays @ 28 0 = 140 0

Typical Stair 5 Bays @ 28 0 = 140 0

Bay

Beam
Girder

Elevator
Opening

Fig. 1 - Typical Floor Plan

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Roof

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11 19 Stories @ 13 0
= 247 0
10
270 0
9
Columns
8

23 0
1

Fig. 2 - Elevation

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

2.0 OUTLINE OF PRELIMINARY DESIGN PROCEDURE:

2.1 LOADING

2.1.1 Develop seismic loading based on ASCE7-05 Chapter 11 and 12.

Establish response modification factor R, deflection amplification factor Cd and overstrength factor 0
Establish mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration for short and long
periods Ss and Sl from USGS data base
Calculate design spectral response acceleration SDs and SDl
Establish a standard response spectrum for design reference
Calculate fundamental period Ta using (Eq. 12.8-7)
Calculate seismic response coefficient, Cs
Calculate seismic base shear V
Calculate vertical distribution of story seismic forces
Calculate building overturning
Distribute seismic forces to structural walls and building frames accounting for accidental torsion
Approximate building deflection (any suggestions without doing computer run?)

2.1.2 Design of structural wall (shear wall)

Obtain seismic base shear for one wall pier from horizontal distribution
Calculate required seismic shear strength at lower story
Design wall thickness or guess at wall thickness and calculate nominal shear strength base on 8fc
Calculate seismic overturning moment by proportion of building overturning or from story force
distribution
Calculate gravity loads dead and live with the approximate loading combinations
Base on the calculated seismic OTM, obtain the approximate area of tension reinforcement
Check for requirement of boundary element based on Section 21.7.6 (ACI 318)
Establish P0, Pb, Mb, Mn to draw an interaction diagram based on = 1
Based on Pu/ and Mu/, check that design is within the interaction diagram envelope
Check for termination of boundary reinforcement requirement
Calculate confinement reinforcement for longitudinal boundary rebar
For upper stories, establish shear strength for reduce wall thicknesses and the minimum reinforcement
requirements

2.1.3 Design of special moment frame

Obtain seismic base shear for one perimeter frame from horizontal distribution (no less than 25% of total
building shear)
Distribute story seismic shear to column based on portal method (or other acceptable method)
Calculate seismic axial force and moments in end column and first interior column
Calculate gravity loads dead and live axial loads
Calculate gravity load moments based on approximate coefficients
Obtain combined loading combinations for girders and columns
For girder design, calculate minimum required flexural strength and reinforcement
Calculated required shear strength based on probable moment strength of girder, and design shear reinf.
For column (design end column and first interior column), design longitudinal reinforcement such that the
column moment strength satisfies equation (21-1.)
Calculate probable moment strength of column ends
Calculate required shear strength
Design transverse confinement reinforcement
Check joint shear strength requirement

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

3. Lateral Force Analysis

(Seismic)

Code: ASCE 7-05 and ACI Reference

318-05 ASCE 7-05 Remarks

3.1 Mapped Spectral

Acceleration 11.4.1
Short period Sa = 2.25 From USGS data base
One second S1 = 0.75 From USGS data base
Site Class D 11.4.2 Default Site Class
Site Coefficent Fa = 1.0 Table 11.4-1
Fv = 1.5 Table 11.4-2
Maximum Considered Earthquake 11.4.3
SMS = Fa Ss = 2.25 (Eq. 11.4-1)
SM1 = Fv S1 = 1.13 (Eq. 11.4-2)
Design Spectral Accel parameter 11.4.4
SDS = 2SMS/3 = 1.50 (Eq. 11.4-3)
SD1 = 2SM1/3 = 0.75 (Eq. 11.4-4)
Design Response Spectrum 11.4.5
T0 = 0.2 SD1/SDS = 0.10 sec
Short period transition period TS = SD1/SDS = 0.50 sec
Long period transition period TL = 12.0 From USGS data base
For T < T0 Sa = SDS[0.4 + 0.6 T/T0] = (Eq. 11.4-5) T = fundamental period
For T0 T TS Sa = SDS = of structure
For TS T TL Sa = SD1/T = 0.563 (Eq. 11.4-6)
For T > TL Sa = SD1 TL/T2 = (Eq. 11.4-7)
MCE Response Spectrum MCE = 1.5 DBS = 0.845 11.4.6
1.5 x Design response
spectrum
Occupancy Category I 11.5.1
Importance Factor I = 1.0 Table 11.5-1
Seismic Design Category 11.6
Based on SDS D SDS 0.50 Table 11.6-1
Based on SD1 D SD1 0.20 Table 11.6-2

3.2 Structural System 12.2

Dual System D3 Table 12.2-1
Response Modification Factor R = 7.0 Table 12.2-1

System overstrength factor o = 2.5 Table 12.2-1

Deflection amplification Factor Cd = 5.5 Table 12.2-1
Height Limit NL Table 12.2-1
Horizontal Structural Irregularity None Table 12.3-1
Vertical Structural Irregularity None Table 12.3-2
Redundancy Factor = 1.0 12.3.4.2

Analysis procedure T < 3.5 Ts = 1.75 Table 12.6-1

USE: Equivalent Static analysis

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

4. Equivalent Lateral Force

Procedure 12.8
Building Height hn = 270 ft Problem statement

Effective Seismic Weight W = 58,500 kip

Calculation of Seismic Response 12.8.1.1
12.8.1.1
Seismic Reponse Coefficient Cs = SDS /[R/I] = 0.214 (Eq. 12.8-2)
For T TL Cs = SD1 /T[R/I] = 0.080 (Eq. 12.8-3) Governs design
> 0.01 (Eq. 12.8-5)
For S1 0.6 Cs = 0.5 S1/[R/I] = (Eq. 12.8-6)
Building Period 12.8.2.1
Period Parameter Ct = 0.02 Table 12.8-2
Period Parameter x = 0.75 Table 12.8-2
Approx. Fundamental Period T= Ta = Ct hnx = 1.33 sec. (Eq. 12.8-7)

Seismic Base Shear V = Cs W = 4,705 kip (Eq. 12.8-1)

Vertical Distribution of Force 12.8.3

Vertical Distribution Factor Cvx = wx hxk / wihik (Eq. 12.8-12)
=
For T < 0.5 k = 1
For T = 1.33 k = 1.2 Interpolate in between
For T 2.5 k = 2.5
Story Force Fx = Cvx V

Horizontal Distribution of Force 12.8.4

n
Vx = i= xFi (Eq. 12.8-13)
Accidental Torsion Mta = 5% 12.8.4.2
2
Amplification of Mta Ax = [max /1.2avg]
=
Deflection at center of mass x = Cd se/I (Eq. 12.8-15)
Period for computing drift xe = CuTa 12.8.6.2
Cu = Table 12.8-1
P- Effects 12.8.7
Stability Coefficient = Px /[Vx hsx Cd] (Eq. 12.8-16)
=
max = 0.5/ ( Cd) (Eq. 12.8-17)

0.25

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

4.1 Unit Load

Typical Floor
Finish floor 2
4" LW Conc.
Slab 45
Ceiling 7
Misc 6
Partition 10
Beams 20
Girders 10
Columns 10
Dead Load* 70 90 100 110
Live 50 40 35 30
Total Load 120 130 135 140

* USE same load at roof to allow for equipment wt.

4.2 Seismic Story Shear and Building OTM

wx Seismic
Weight hxk Story
Height to Level wx hxk Force
Level at Level wihi Shear OTM
x hx k=1.2 at
x wx Force
Level x
ft kips x 103 Cvx kips kips kip-ft

Roof 270 2,800 2,316 0.099 468

20 257 2,800 2,183 0.094 441 468 6,080
19 244 2,800 2,051 0.088 414 908 17,889
18 231 2,800 1,921 0.082 388 1,323 35,083
17 218 2,800 1,792 0.077 362 1,710 57,319
16 205 2,800 1,664 0.071 336 2,072 84,258
15 192 2,850 1,566 0.067 316 2,408 115,565
14 179 2,850 1,440 0.062 291 2,724 150,983
13 166 2,850 1,315 0.056 266 3,015 190,180
12 153 2,850 1,193 0.051 241 3,281 232,829
11 140 2,850 1,072 0.046 216 3,521 278,607
10 127 2,850 954 0.041 193 3,738 327,200
9 114 2,850 838 0.036 169 3,930 378,296
8 101 2,900 737 0.032 149 4,100 431,590
7 88 2,900 625 0.027 126 4,248 486,820
6 75 2,900 516 0.022 104 4,375 543,690
5 62 2,900 410 0.018 83 4,479 601,913
4 49 2,900 309 0.013 62 4,562 661,214
3 36 2,900 214 0.009 43 4,624 721,327
2 23 4,350 187 0.008 38 4,667 782,002
1 0 4,705 890,218
Total 58,500 23,304 1.000 4,705
Seismic base shear V= 4705 kips

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

28.0

1.25 3.00 22.0 3.00 1.25

A A

2.5
P1 P2 P3 h
4.25
A-A

Plan

Elevation

4.3 Preliminary design of structural wall

Dead Load Live Load
Level P1 P2 P3 PD P1 P2 P3 PL

Roof 131 24 65 220 220 41 0 0 41

20 147 56 81 284 504 39 8 31 78
19 147 56 81 284 788 39 8 31 78
18 147 56 81 284 1,072 39 8 31 78
17 147 56 81 284 1,356 39 8 31 78
16 147 56 81 284 1,640 39 8 31 78
15 147 56 81 284 1,925 39 8 31 78
14 147 56 81 284 2,209 39 8 31 78
13 147 56 81 284 2,493 39 8 31 78
12 147 56 81 284 2,777 39 8 31 78
11 147 56 81 284 3,061 39 8 31 78
10 147 62 81 290 3,351 39 8 31 78
9 147 62 81 290 3,641 39 8 31 78
8 147 62 81 290 3,930 39 8 31 78
7 147 62 81 290 4,220 39 8 31 78
6 147 62 81 290 4,510 39 8 31 78
5 147 62 81 290 4,799 39 8 31 78
4 151 66 86 304 5,103 39 8 31 78
3 151 66 86 304 5,407 39 8 31 78
2 227 133 129 489 5,896 59 16 47 122
1
3,005 1,225 1,666 5,896 805 157 612 1,573

Note
1 Wall - Lt Wt above 4th floor
2 Include Mezz. Floor

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Reference table
Perimeter Frame
Based on Portal Method for horizontal force distribution
Ext Int
Force
Int Ext Int Ext col col
to Girder Girder
Level Column Column Col Col axial axial OTM*0.15/140
Frame M Shear
V V M M Load Load
Vs
PE PE

Roof 46 3.3

20 70.2 14.0 7.0 91 46 134 9.6 3 5 7

19 136.3 27.3 13.6 177 89 218 15.5 13 11 19

18 198.4 39.7 19.8 258 129 296 21.1 28 15 38

17 256.6 51.3 25.7 334 167 369 26.3 50 20 61

16 310.8 62.2 31.1 404 202 437 31.2 76 24 90

15 361.2 72.2 36.1 470 235 500 35.7 107 28 124

14 408.7 81.7 40.9 531 266 560 40.0 143 32 162

13 452.3 90.5 45.2 588 294 614 43.8 183 35 204

12 492.1 98.4 49.2 640 320 663 47.4 227 38 249

11 528.2 105.6 52.8 687 343 708 50.6 274 41 299

10 560.7 112.1 56.1 729 364 748 53.4 325 43 351

9 589.6 117.9 59.0 766 383 783 55.9 378 46 405

8 614.9 123.0 61.5 799 400 814 58.1 434 48 462

7 637.3 127.5 63.7 828 414 841 60.1 492 49 522

6 656.2 131.2 65.6 853 427 863 61.7 552 51 583

5 671.8 134.4 67.2 873 437 881 63.0 614 52 645

4 684.2 136.8 68.4 890 445 896 64.0 677 53 708

3 693.6 138.7 69.4 902 451 906 64.7 741 54 773

2 700.1 140.0 70.0 910 455 1,267 90.5 805 54 838

1 705.8 141.2 70.6 1,623 812 896 97 954

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Preliminary design of structural wall

Reference
ASCE ACI
7-05 318-05 Remarks
ksi
Material Propoerties fc = 5 = 5,000 psi reg wt below 3rd Flr
fy = 60 ksi
Base Shear to structural walls V = 0.85 x 4705 12.2.5.1 At lower story, walls
resist 75 to 95% of
= 3,999 kips story shear
Load factor for E = 1.0 Eq (9-5)
Factor seismic force ea
panel Vu = 3,999 / 4
1,000 kips
Wall length lw = 30.5 = 366 in
Wall height hw = 270 ft
Consider wall thickness h = 14 in
Gross wall area Acv = 14 x 366
Sq Can increase after 1st
= 5,124 in ea pier iteration
Minimum wall length based on Vn = Acv 6 fc Can increase to 8fc
= 5,124 x 0.424 after 1st iteration
= 2,174 kips
Required shear strength Vu/ = 1,000 / 0.60 9.3.4 Conservative to
= 1,666 kips < Vn consider shear control
Wall reinforcement hw/lw = 270 / 30.5
= 8.9 > 2
c = 2.0 21.7.4
#
For 6 @ 12" o.c. ea face t = 0.88 / 168 Spcg may be changed
= 0.00524 after 1st iteration
Vn = Acv (2 fc + t fy) Eq (21-7)
= 5,124 x ( 0.141 + 0.314 ) Reg. Wt Conc
= 2,335 kips > Vu/
For #5 @ 12" o.c. ea face h = 14 in
Vn = 5,124 x( 0.141 + 0.221 ) Reg. Wt Conc
= 1,859 kips >Vu/
#
For 5 @ 12" o.c. ea face h = 14 in
Vn = 5,124 x( 0.120 + 0.221 ) Lt Wt conc.
= 1,751 kips >Vu/
#
For 5 @ 12" o.c. ea face h = 12 in
Vn = 4,392 x( 0.120 + 0.258 ) Lt Wt conc.
= 1,663 kips
For #4 @ 12" o.c. ea face h = 12 in
Vn = 4,392 x( 0.120 + 0.167 ) Lt Wt conc.
= 1,260 kips

Application of Resultant hx = 0..5 hn = 135 ft Due to dynamic

Required moment strength Mu = 1,000 x 135 behavior

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

kip-
= 134,978 ft
Mu / = 134,978 / 0.65 = 207,658 kip-ft may be increased
Mu / = 134,978 / 0.90 = 149,975 kip-ft based on t
Min. Ht. Of Boundary element Mu /4Vu = 134,978 / 4000 = 34 ft > lw
T12.12-
Consider building displacement = 0.0015 x 270 1 Conservative for dual
= 0.405 x 12 system
= 4.9 in
u = Cd 12.12.1
= 5.5 x 4.9
= 26.7 in s = 0.025hx = 81 in.
u/hw = 26.7 / 3240
= 0.008
> 0.007
c = lw 600(u/hw) Eq (21-8)
= 30.5 /( 600 x 0.008 )
= 6.2 ft = 74 in.
a = 0.80 x 6.2 R10.2.7
= 4.9 ft
Boundary element
c-
Extend of boundary element 0.1lw = 74 - 36.6 = 37.3 < 51"
or c/2 = 74 / 2 = 37.0 < 51"
Appro. Tension force T = 134,978 /( 28.4 - 2.5 )
= 5,209 kip
Less 0.9 D PD = 0.9 x 3,005
= 2,705
Net tensile force due seismic PE = 5,209 - 2,705
= 2,505 kip
Minimum tension reinf. As = PE / fy
= 2,505 /( 0.9 x 60 )
= 46.4 sq. in.
Try 36- #11 As = 1.56 x 36 May not be adequate
= 56.2 sq. in. for compression
Total factored load to wall Pu = 5,896 x 1.2 Eq.(9-2)
+ 1,573 x 1.6
Required axial strength = 9,592 kip
1.2D+1.6L Pu/ = 9,592 / 0.65 = 14,757
Pu = 5,896 x 1.2 Eq (9-5)
+ 1,573 x 1.0
= 8,648 kip
1.2D+1.0L+1.0E Pu/ = 8,648 / 0.65 = 13,305 may be increased
Pu = 5,896 / 0.9 Eq (9-7)
= 6,551 kip
0.9D + 1.0E Pu/ = 6,551 / 0.65 = 10,079 may be increased

Conc Section at Level 1 Ag = 3,060 + 3,696 Ignore L-shape in

= 6,756 sq. in. prelim design

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Ast = 181.0 + 18.5 = 199.4 in2 Total in wall panel

Average compressive stress Pu / Ag = 9,592 / 6,756
= 1.4 ksi
< 0.35 fc' = 1.75 ksi
> 0.10 fc' = 0.5 ksi
Nominal axial strength Po = 0.85 fc' (Ag-Ast) + fy Ast
at zero eccentricity = 0.85 x 5.0 x 6,557
+ 60 x 199.4
= 27,865 + 11,966
Po = 39,832 kips
Nominal axial strength Pn = 0.80 Po Eq (10-2)
= 31,865 kips
Pu/ = 9,592 / 0.65 9.3.2.2
= 14,757
Nominal Moment Strength

At Pn = 0 Ignore rebar at
compression side
and wall reinf.

Strain diagram 0.003

t =0.011 c
a

Force diagram

T1 T2 T3 Cc

363

T1 = 60 x 74.88 = 4493 48 # 11 at ends

T2 = 60 x 15.60 = 936 10 # 11 in web
T3 = 60 x 3.52 = 211 count 8 # 6 effective
C = T = 5,640 kips
a = C /( 0.85 fc' b) = 44.2 in. < 51.0
c = 44.2 / 0.80 = 55.3 in.
t = 0.003 x 307.7 / 55.3
= 0.017 > 0.005 10.3.4 Tension control
Nominal moment strength Mn = 4,493 x 26.5 = 119,202
At Pn = 0 + 936 x 23.4 = 21908.8
+ 211 x 20.4 = 4309.93
Mn = 145,421 k-ft

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Calculate Pb, Mb
at balance strain condition
Strain diagram 0.003
0.00207 c
t a

Force diagram
Cs3
T1 T2 T3 Cs2 Cs1
Cc2 Cc1
363

c = 363 x 0.003 / 0.0051

= 215 in.
d-c = 148 in.
a = 0.80 x 215 12.2.7.3
= 172 in.
At Cs1 1 = 0.00264 > y x = 215-25.5 =189.5
At Cs2 2 = 0.00212 > y x = 215-63 =152 in.
At Cs3 3 = 0.00162 < y x = 215 -99 =116 in
At T1 1 = 0.00175 < y x = 148 -22.5= 125.5
At T2 2 = 0.00123 < y x = 148 - 60 = 88 in
At T3 3 = 0.00073 < y x = 148 -96 = 52 in
Compressive force Cc1 = 0.85 fc'b(51) = 6,503
Cc2 = 0.85 fc'b(a-51) = 7,192
Cs1 = 74.88 x 55.8 = 4,175 fs' = fs - 0.85fc'
Cs2 = 15.60 x 55.8 = 870
Cs3 = 3.52 x 42.7 = 150 fs = E s s
C = 18,889 kips
T1 = 74.88 x 50.9 = 3,811 fs = E s s
T2 = 15.60 x 35.7 = 557
T3 = 3.52 x 21.1 = 74
T = 4,442 kips
Pb = 18,889 - 4,442 = 14,447 kips
Moment about C.L of wall Cc1 = 6,503 x 13.1 = 85345.3 k-ft
Cc2 = 7,192 x 6.0 = 42889.9
Cs1 = 4,175 x 13.1 = 54791.1
Cs2 = 870 x 10.0 = 8697
Cs3 = 150 x 7.0 = 1051
T1 = 3,811 x 13.1 = 50013.1
T2 = 557 x 10.0 = 5569.59
T3 = 74 x 7.0 = 520
Mb = = 248,878 k-ft

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Calculate Pn, Mn

at 0.005 strain condition

Strain diagram 0.003
0.0050 c Tension control when
t a t > 0.0050

Force diagram
Cs3
T1 T2 T3 Cs2 Cs1
Cc2 Cc1
363

c = 363 x 0.003 / 0.0080

= 136 in.
d-c = 227 in.
a = 0.80 x 136
= 109 in.
At Cs1 1 = 0.00244 > y x = 136-25.5 =110.5
At Cs2 2 = 0.00161 < y x = 136-63 =73 in.
At Cs3 3 = 0.00082 < y x = 136 -99 =37 in
At T1 1 = 0.00450 > y x = 227 -22.5= 204.5
At T2 2 = 0.00368 > y x = 227 - 60 = 167 in
At T3 3 = 0.00288 > y x = 227 -96 = 131 in
Compressive force Cc1 = 0.85 fc'b(51) = 6,503
Cc2 = 0.85 fc'b(a-51) = 3,445
Cs1 = 74.88 x 55.8 = 4,175 fs' = fs - 0.85fc'
Cs2 = 15.60 x 42.5 = 663
Cs3 = 3.52 x 19.5 = 69 fs = E s s
C = 14,853 kips
T1 = 74.88 x 60.0 = 4,493 fs = E s s
T2 = 15.60 x 60.0 = 936
T3 = 3.52 x 60.0 = 211
T = 5,640 kips
Pn = 14,853 - 5,640 = 9,213 kips
Moment about C.L of wall Cc1 = 6,503 x 13.1 = 85345.3 k-ft
Cc2 = 3,445 x 8.6 = 29584.4
Cs1 = 4,175 x 13.1 = 54791.1
Cs2 = 663 x 10.0 = 6628
Cs3 = 69 x 7.0 = 480
T1 = 4,493 x 13.1 = 58968
T2 = 936 x 10.0 = 9360
T3 = 211 x 7.0 = 1478
Mn = = 246,635 k-ft

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Confinement Reinforcement
Reinf. ratio = 74.88 / 1530 = 0.0489 Less than 8%

In-plane direction bc = 51.0 - 4.0 = 47.0

fc'/fyt = 5 / 60 = 0.08333
Ash = 0.09sbcfc'/fyt Eq. (21-4)
= 0.353 s
For s = 6 inches Ash = 2.12 Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop plus 5 #5 cross ties Ash = 2.17 Sq. in.
=
Out-of-plane direction bc = 30.0 - 4.0 = 26.0
fc'/fyt = 5 / 60 = 0.08333
Ash = 0.09sbcfc'/fyt
= 0.195 s
For s = 6 inches Ash = 1.17 Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop plus 2 #5 cross ties Ash = 1.24 Sq. in.

Within the 24" of web 21.7.6.5

= 15.60 / 336 = 0.04643
In-plane direction bc = 24.0 - 4.0 = 20.0
fc'/fyt = 5 / 60 = 0.08333
Ash = 0.09sbcfc'/fyt
= 0.150 s
For s = 6 inches Ash = 0.90 Sq. in.
#5 Hoop plus 2 #4 cross ties Ash = 0.89 Sq. in. # 4 Grade 40
=
Out-of-plane direction bc = 14.0 - 4.0 = 10.0
fc'/fyt = 5 / 60 = 0.08333
Ash = 0.09sbcfc'/fyt
= 0.075 s
For s = 6 inches Ash = 0.45 Sq. in.
# 5 Hoop Ash = 0.62 Sq. in.

Development of horizontal wall reinforcement

For # 6 bars ld = db (fy t e )/(25fc') 12.2.2
fc' = 5000 psi = 34 db Straigth development
= 25.5 in. in boundary element

For # 5 bars ld = 38 db Straigth development

fc' = 4000 psi = 23.7 in. in boundary element

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Boundary Element (Cont.)

Reference
ASCE ACI
7-05 318-05 Remarks
Check when boundary reinforcement may be discontinue

Consider the boundary element size is reduced to 30 x 30 at upper stories

Size Area x Ax2 Ad2/12

2.5 2.5 6.25 14.0 1225 3
1.0 25.5 25.5 0 0 1382
2.5 2.5 6.25 14.0 1225 3
38.0 2450 1388
I= 2450 + 1388 = 3838 ft4 = 79,590,816
2
Ag = 38.0 x 144 = 5472 in
c= 183 in.

Level PD PL Pu Mu Pu/Ag Muc/I fc

kip kip -ft
20 504 119 723 1520 0.132 0.042 0.174
19 788 197 1143 4472 0.209 0.123 0.332
<
18 1,072 276 1562 8771 0.285 0.242 0.527 0.15fc'
17 1,356 354 1982 14330 0.362 0.395 0.758
16 1,640 433 2401 21064 0.439 0.581 1.020
15 1,925 511 2820 28891 0.515 0.797 1.313

0.15 fc' = 0.600 ksi

May discontinue boundary element at the 18 floor 21.7.6.3

28.00

1.25 3.00 22.00 3.00 1.25

2.50
1.17

PLAN

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

30.0 14.0

4 spcg @ 12"
# #
48 11 10 11 8 #6
51.0 24.0 48.0

DETAIL
Confinement not shown for clarity

40,000
P0

Pn
30,000

P (kip)

20,000
Pn
PbMb

10,000 Min. eccentricity

t = 0.005

0 Mn
100,000 200,000
Moment kip-feet

Simple Interaction Diagram

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Rf Bar A Bar B

20

19

18

17 # 5 @ 12" EWEF
h = 12 "
16

15

14

13

12

11

10

7
h = 14"
6 # 5 @ 12" EWEF

4
Bar B Bar B
3
Bar A Bar A
2
h = 14"
48 # 10 #
#6 @ 12 EWEF 11 11
1
WALL ELEVATION

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

5 #5 Crossties @ 6" o.c. #

5Hoops @ 6" o.c.

Wall Reinf.

30.0 14.0

2 #4 Crossties @ 6" o.c.

ld

48 #11 10 #11
51.0 24.0

PLAN DETAIL BOUNDARY ELEMENT

5. Moment Frame Design

5.1 Two moment frames in each

direction
Reference
ASCE ACI
7-05 318-05
Min. Seismic shear to
moment frames Vx = 25% x Vx 12.2.5.10
Torsion - Accidental ecc = 5% x 140 12.8.4.2
= 7.0 ft
Torsion T = 7 Vx
4R
Torsional stiffness J = (70)2
= 19600 R
Additional force Vx = TcR/J
= 7Vx R x 70 / 19600 R
= 0.025 Vx
)
Force per frame Vx + Vx =( 0.125 + 0.025 Vx
= 0.150 Vx
Design frame for Fx = 30% Vx
Or per frame Fx = 15% Vx

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

5.2 Seismic Force distribution using Portal Method

At 11th Floor V12 = 3521 x 15% = 528 kips

V11 = 216 x 15% = 32
V11 = 3738 x 15% = 561 kips
Exterior Column MA12 = 53 x 6.5 = 343 kip-ft
MA11 = 56 x 6.5 = 364
MAB = MA-12+MA-11 = 708 kip-ft
Axial Load PA12 = 274 kips
Axial Load PA11 = 325 kips
Interior Column MB12 = 106 x 6.5 = 687 kip-ft
MB11 = 112 x 6.5 = 729
MBA =MBC = (MB-12+MB-11) /2 = 708 kip-ft
Girder shear VBA =VAB = (MAB+MBA) /28 = 51 kips

At 3rd Floor V4 = 4624 x 15% = 694 kips

V3 = 43 x 15% = 6
V3 = 4667 x 15% = 700 kips
Exterior Column MA4 = 69 x 6.5 = 451 kip-ft
MA3 = 70 x 6.5 = 455
MAB = MA-12+MA-11 = 906 kip-ft
Axial Load PA4 = 741 kips PA3 = 805 kips
Interior Column MB4 = 139 x 6.5 = 902 kip-ft
MB3 = 140 x 6.5 = 910
Axial Load PB4 = 54 kips
MBA
=MBC = (MB-12+MB-11) /2 = 906 kip-ft
VBA
Girder shear =VAB = (MAB+MBA) /28 = 65 kips

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Remarks Rf Level

70
A B C D E F
3 3

7 14 14 14 14

12th Floor 11th Floor

Vu = 528 kips Vu = 561 kips
OTMu
> 25 % = 41,791 kip-ft OTMu = 49,080 kip-ft

Line of symmetry

53 106 106 106 106 53

Above Flr Line

Below Flr Line 32
A B C D E F

` 56 112 112 112 112

4th Floor 3rd Floor

Vu = 694 kips Vu = 700 kips
OTMu
= 108,199 kip-ft OTMu = 117,300 kip-ft

69 139 139 139 139 69

6
A B C D E F

70 140 140 140 140

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Loads
Dead Load D = 0.09 x 15.2
+ 5.9 x 0.15
= 2.25 k/ft
L = 0.04 x 15.2
= 0.61 k/ft
Load combinations 1.2D = 2.70 k/ft
1.2D +1.6 L = 3.68 k/ft
1.2D
+1.0L+1.0E = 3.31 k/ft
0.9D+1.0E = 2.03 k/ft
Fixed end moment FEMTL = wl2/12 = 187.0 k-ft
FEMD = = 147.3 k-ft
Member stiffness - Consider column far end fixed
Ic = 0.70Ig = 4.73 ft4
Ig = 0.35Ig = 1.77 ft4
E = 519119.5 Ksf
Kc = 4EIc/L = 754720
Kg = 4EIg/L = 131402.1
DFAB = Ig/(Ic+Ig) = 0.080
DFBA = 0.074

To edge of slab Gravity Load moment distribution

Spandrel wt

Line of symmetry
-68
0
86 8.5 -68

A B C D E F
Service Load D.F.
Service Load FEM
D -147 147 -147 147 -147 147 -147 147 -147 147
36 Sq column TL -187 187 -187 187 -187 187
27x36 Girder B.J. 15.0 2.9 -2.9 2.9 -2.9 0 0 -12
fc' = 4000 C.O. 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0 0.5 0
B.J. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
-M -172 191 -190 190 -190 135

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

5.3 Based on two cycle moment distribution

Exterior column MD+L = 86 k-ft
MD = 68 k-ft
ML = 18 k-ft
ME = 451 k-ft
Interior Column MD+L = 8 k-ft
MD = 0 k-ft
ML = 8 k-ft
ME = 910 k-ft
Girder at ext. support MD+L = -172 k-ft
MD = -135 k-ft
ML = -36 k-ft
ME = 906 k-ft
Girder at int. support MD+L = -190 k-ft
MD = -147 k-ft
ML = -43 k-ft
ME = 906 k-ft

5.4 Column axial load (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

Ext column PD)A4 = 812 kip Above 3rd Flr
PL)A4 = 148 kip
PD)A3 = 860 kip Below 3rd Flr
PL)A3 = 157 kip
Int Column PD)B4 = 1302 kip Above 3rd Flr
PL)B4 = 272 kip
PD)B3 = 1379 kip Below 3rd Flr
PL)B3 = 289 kip

Frame Girder Design (3rd floor)

fc' = 5 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
Factored Moment
k-
(1.2D+1.6L) -Mu = -245 ft (9-2)
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E) -Mu = -1177 ft (9-5)
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E) -Mu = 635 ft
k-
(0.9D+1.0E) +Mu = 773 ft (9-7)

ln = 28.0 - 3.0
= 25.0 ft
Aspect ratios bw = 27 in > 10 in. 21.3.1
h = 36 in

Page 25 of 46
ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

ln /d = 8.3 > 4
bw/h = 0.75 > 3
Minimum
Min. hc = 20 x 1.128 column width
= 22.6 < 36 in.
Eff. d = 36.0 - 3
= 33.0 in
Longitudinal reinf. 21.3.2
Min. As = 200bwd/fy = 3.0 Sq. in.
Max. As = 0.025bwd = 22.3 Sq. in
Try 6 # 11 top and -a = fy As / 0.85fc'b
4 - # 11 bottom = 60 x 9.36
( 0.85 x 5 x 27 )
= 4.9 in.
c = a/0.80 = 6.1
-Mn = fy As (d-a/2)
= 60 x 9.36
x( 33.0 - 2.4 )/ 12
k-
= 1430 ft
- k-
> Mu/ = 1307.38 ft = 0.90
-t = 0.003 x 26.9 / 6.1
= 0.013 > 0.005
Similarly +a = 60 x 6.24
( 0.85 x 5 x 27 )
= 3.3 in.
+Mn = 60 x 6.24
x( 33.0 - 1.6 )/ 12
k-
= 979 ft
k-
> Mu/ = 859 ft
With 90 std hook ldh = fydb / (65fc' ) (21-6)
= 18 in.
For Straight top bar ldh = 3.25 x 18 21.5.4.2
= 60 in.
For Straignt bott. Bar ldh = 2.5 x 60
= 150 in.

Page 26 of 46
ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Girder Shear Strength (3rd Floor) 21.3.4

-Mpr = 1752 k-ft Based on 1.25fy
+Mpr = 1207 k-ft Based on 1.25fy
wu=1.2D+1.0L +1.0E wuln /2 = 3.31 x 25.0 / 2
= 41.4 kip
Ve = (-Mpr + Mpr)/ln wuln/2
= 118.4 41.4
= 160 kips
>( 160 + 41.4 )/2
> 101 kips
Vc = 0
for 2xh from
Consider #4 ties 4"o.c. Vs = Av fy bw/s face of support
= 0.40 x 60 x 27 /4
= 162 kips
Max Vs = 8 fc' bw d
= 504 kips
Vn = Vc + Vs
= 0 + 162
= 162 kips
Ve = 160 kips
Beyond 2h from support Vu = 41.4 x 6.5 / 12.5
+( 1177 + 635 )/ 25.0
= 94 kips
Vu / = 94 / 0.75
= 125 kips
Vc = 2 fc' bw d
= 126 kips
At 12" o.c. Vs = 54
Vn = 180 kips >Vu /

Design Exterior Column (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

fc' = 5 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
Factored Moment
k-
(1.2D+1.6L) -Mu = 110 ft (9-2)
Pu)A4 = 1211 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3 = 1283 kip Below 3rd Flr
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E) -Mu = 550 ft (9-5)
Pu)A4 = 1863 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3 = 1994 kip Below 3rd Flr
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E) -Mu = -514 ft
Pu)A4 = 382 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3 = 317 kip Below 3rd Flr

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

k-
(0.9D1.0E) +Mu = 390 ft (9-7)
Pu)A4 = -10 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)A3 = -75 kip Below 3rd Flr
lu = 13.0 - 3.0
= 10.0 ft
Aspect ratios b=h = 36 in 21.4.1
b/h = 1 > 0.4
Pu
> Agfc/10 = 648 kip 21.4.2
Try 16 # 10 Vert. = 20.32 / 1296
= 0.015679 > 1%
At Pn = 0 a = 680 / 153 9 bars effective
= 4.45 in
c = 4.45 / 0.80
= 5.56 in
t = 0.0030 x 27.44 / 5.56
= 0.0148 > 0.005 Tension control
x
At Pn = 0 Mnc = 680 ( 28.0 - 2.2 ) Ave. d = 28.0
= 17,538 kip-in
k-
= 1,462 ft
k-
Mnc = 2923 ft Conservative
k-
Mnb = 1430 ft See girder abv
k-
6/5Mnb = 1716 ft
< Mnc 21.4.2.2
At Pu/ = 1863 / 0.65
= 2866 kip
k-
Mnc = 2850 ft > Mu/ = 847 k-ft OK
At Pu/ = 317 / 0.65
= 487 kip
k-
Mnc = 1650 ft > Mu/ = 791 k-ft OK

Design Interior Column (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

fc' = 5 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
Factored Moment
k-
(1.2D+1.6L) -Mu = 14 ft (9-2)
Pu)B4 = 1999 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3 = 2118 kip Below 3rd Flr
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L+1.0E) -Mu = 919 ft (9-5)
Pu)B4 = 1889 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3 = 1998 kip Below 3rd Flr
k-
(1.2D+1.0 L-1.0E) -Mu = -902 ft

Page 28 of 46
ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Pu)B4 = 1782 kip Above 3rd Flr

Pu)B3 = 1891 kip Below 3rd Flr
k-
(0.9D1.0E) +Mu = 910 ft (9-7)
Pu)B4 = 1118 kip Above 3rd Flr
Pu)B3 = 1 kip Below 3rd Flr
lu = 13.0 - 3.0
= 10.0 ft
Aspect ratios b=h = 36 in 21.4.1
b/h = 1 > 0.4
Pu
> Agfc/10 = 648 kip 21.4.2
#
Try 16 10 Vert. = 20.32 / 1296
= 0.015679 < 6% Larger than 1%
At Pn = 0 a = 680 / 153 9 bars effective
= 4.45 in
c = 4.45 / 0.80
= 5.56 in
t = 0.0030 x 27.44 / 5.56
= 0.0148 > 0.005 Tension control
x
At Pn = 0 Mnc = 680 ( 28.0 - 2.2 ) Ave. d = 28.0
= 17,538 kip-in
k-
= 1,462 ft
Mu/ = 910 / 0.9 = 1011 OK
k-
Mnc = 2923 ft Conservative
Mnb = 1430 + 979 = 2409 See girder abv
k-
6/5Mnb = 2890 ft
< Mnc 21.4.2.2
At Pu/ = 1889 / 0.65
= 2906 kip
k-
Mnc = 2750 ft > Mu/ = 1413 k-ft OK
At Pu/ = 1118 / 0.65
= 1721 kip
k-
Mnc = 2600 ft > Mu/ = 1400 k-ft OK

Design Column Shear Strength (Between 3rd and 4th Floor)

For 36 x 36 column fc' = 5 ksi
fy = 1.25 x 60
= 75 ksi
= 1.0

See Girder
Girders Mpr = 1752 + 1207 21.3.4 abv
= 2959 ft-kip
Mpr = 1480 ft-kip

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

At Pu / = 1782 / 0.65 = 2741 Interaction

Column Mpr = 3050 ft-kip diagram
R
Design for Mpr = 1480 ft-kip 21.3.4

Mpr / Consider Mpr

Probable shear strength Ve = lu top and
= 1480 / 10 bottom the
= 148 kip same
Due to
From Portal analysis Vu = 139 kip seismic
Vu/ = 139 / 0.65
= 213 kip
Vc = 0
Consider ties @ 5.5"o.c. Vs = Av fy bw/s
5 legs = 1.55 x 60 x 36 / s
= 582 kips
Max
Vs = 8 fc' bw d
= 672 kips
Vn = V c + Vs
= 0 + 582
= 582 kips
>
Vu/ = 148 kips OK
Transverse
reinforcement
Try #5 ties at s = 5.75 in on center
hx = 8 in.
Ach =( 36 - 3.5 ) 2
= 1056 Sq in
Ag = 1296 Sq in
Ash = 0.3 (sbcfc /fyt)[(Ag/Ach) - 1] (21-3)
= 1.17 Sq. in.
Or Ash = 0.09 sbc fc /fyt (21-4)
= 1.55 Sq. in. Say OK
Max spacing s0 = 4 + (14 - hx)/3 (21-5)
= 6 in
USE: 36 Square Column w/ 16 # 10 Vert.
#5 Hoops plus 3 #5 cross ties @ 5.75" o.c. for 3 feet top and bottom
and through joint, balance @ 12" o.c.

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

6. Preliminary Material Quantities for Superstructure only:

6.1 Typical Shear-wall (4 total)

4.25ft x 2.5ft (typ.) 22ft x 1.17ft (typ.)

48#-11

48 #-11 10-#11 32-#6 10-#11

10-#11

32-#6

10-#11

48#-11

Total weight of longitudinal reinforcement:

# 11 184 * (4 walls) * 270 ft * 5.31 lb/ft/2000: 527 tons

# 6 64 * (4 walls) * 270 ft * 1.50 lb/ft/2000: 52 tons

Total weight of transverse reinforcement:

Hoops at boundary elements:

# 5@6 26/ea * (12 elem.) * (270 ft/.5) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000: 88 tons

Cross-ties at boundary elements:

5-# 5@6 2/ea *5* (12 elem.) * (270 ft/.5) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000: 37 tons

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ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Hoops at wall elements:

# 5@12 24*(2) * (8 elem.) * (270 ft) * 1.04 lb/ft/2000: 54 tons

Total weight of reinforcement in shear walls 758 tons

Estimated quantity of concrete:

Shear walls:

o 84 sq.ft.(270ft)*(4 locations)/27 3,360 cy

6.2 Columns:

Total weight of longitudinal reinforcement:

36 x 36 Col (24
locations)
16 # 10 Vert.

# 11 16 * (24) * 270 ft * 5.31 lb/ft/2000: 275 tons

Total Wt per square foot of total building area 1033T(2000)/392,000 sq.ft. ~ 6 psf
(with .5 psf for miscellaneous steel)

Estimated quantity of concrete:

Columns:

o 9 sq.ft.(270ft)*(24 locations)/27 ~2,200 cy

Page 32 of 46
ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

6.3 Floor slab:

\ Estimated quantity of reinforcement:

4.5 lt. wt. concrete slab (Est. quantity of rebar) 3.5 psf
\ Estimated quantity of concrete:

slabs:

o 140x140x(4.5/12)*19fl/27 ~5,200 cy

Page 33 of 46
ACI 314 Task Group B/C Draft No. 1

Preliminary Design and Economical Impact of

Simplified Design of R/C Structures

Gravity/Lateral Force Resisting System

by Michael Mota and James S. Lai

ACI Spring Convention 2007 Simplified Design of Concrete Structure 1

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