TRIBOLOGY

Wear Protection Technology

Nothing begins and nothing will stop without Tribology

Tribology is the generic term for friction, wear and lubrication, or the doctrine of co-operating
surfaces in relative motion.

We are affected every day by various tribological phenomenas. Skid in the autumn reduces the
friction between railway wheels and rails, and cause delays in train traffic, screeching noise
when brakes are caused by friction between the pads and discs, worn off particles in the air from
the brakes and the road, is a health problem in our cities and worn hips are another tribological
problem.

The word tribology comes from the Greek tribo, meaning to rub. Already in ancient times
tribological knowledge was used, eg archaeologists have found lubricant residue on wheel axles
from 1400 BC.

The word tribology was coined not until 1966 in a British government report as a generic term for
concepts of friction, wear and lubrication.

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Definition TRIBOLOGY

Tribology is the study of scientific research and technical application and influence of effects
and processes between interacting surfaces which move relative to another; it includes
all forms of interfacial action, both between solids and between solids and their liquid or
gaseous environment.

The concept of tribology is thus an overall scientific concept for all processes and reactions
taking place in a tribological system such as e.g. friction, wear and corrosion.

Tribological experiments suggested by Leonardo da Vinci

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 Definition CORROSION

Corrosion is a reaction of a material with its ambient medium which leads to a measureable
change of the material and can lead to corrosive damage.

In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction.

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Definition WEAR

According to standard Din 50320, wear can be defined as the progressive loss
of material from the surface of a solid body due to mechanical action, i.e.,
the contact and relative motion against a solid , liquid or gaseous counter
body.

In other words, wear is quantified by the loss of material from contacting surfaces
when they are subjected to a relative motion.

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Tribological System

Ambient medium

Input Counter-acting element Output

Factors Factors

Intermediate
substance

Basis element

Loss Factors

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 Types of Wear

Sliding Wear Rolling Wear

Oscillation Wear Grooving Wear

Caviation Wear Impact Wear

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Abrasive wear

Frictional wear caused by material which slide or

flow parallel to the surface.
Permanent removal of material reduce the wall
thickness

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Important Influences for Abrasive Wear

Properties of the Bulk Material: Operating Conditions:

Grain size
Conveying speed

Particle shape

Throughput

Grain hardness

Percentage of solids in material flow

Grain distribution

Content of moisture

Chemical Aggressively

Temperature

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Grooving Wear

N
F

Grooving Wear is caused by sharp edges.

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Impact wear

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Rubber absorbs impact energy

Important to make the right choise

..otherwise the material will crack !

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Basic parameters of Wear

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Choose the right Wear protection

Impact wear occures when handled material falls, drops

Or hits a surface with a certain impact angle and impact energy.

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 Impact angle
increasing wear % material flow

angle of impact rubber

0 - 5 5 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 70 70 - 90 angle of impact
Rubber better profiled rubber profiled rubber rubber and steel rubber appreciably
than steel surface is re- can be used. equivalent better than steel
commended normally also
smooth rubber

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Factors to consider

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The highest costs........

......... due to wear are caused in the preparation and processing technology

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Where in a mine can rubber improve economy

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Wear protection materials

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Properties of Ceramic for Protection against Wear

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Extraordinary hard low flexibility (brittle)

Resistant to wear and corrosion
Low chemical reactivity low impact resistance
Medium specific weight
Extremely resistant to high temperature low resistance to changes in
temperature
Not adhesive (reduction of caking)

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Properties of Metallic Materials for Protection against Wear

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Wear resistance of hard metal grades Oxidation and corrosion

in (Carbide) Abrasive material with high hardness
High hardness combined with Cracking (impact sensitive)
brittleness Brittleness at high hardness
Good temperature resistance High specific weight

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Properties of Rubber and Polyurethane for
Protection against Wear

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Generally useable (Impact- and Sliding Limited thermal resistance

Wear)
High deformability
Low hardness
Low specific weight
Noise reducing (noise-protection)
Not adhesive (reduction of caking)
Corrosion protection at full bonding
(hermetic)

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REMA TIP TOP

Thank you for your participation

www.rema-tiptop.com

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