1

TH NGHIM QU TRNH V
THIT B CNG NGH HA HC
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NI DUNG CC BI TH NGHIM
Xc nh chun s Reynolds (Reynolds Number)
Chng ct (Distillation)
Xc nh mc cht lng (Tank Draining)
Khuch tn (Stefan Diffusion)
Th nghim thit b truyn nhit (Heat Exchanger)
Tng quan v cc phn xng, qu trnh v thit b
trong nh my lc du (Overview of Refinery)
Tham quan h thit b chng ct ti phng th
nghim Lc-Ha Du v Vin Ha Hc Cng
Nghip Vit Nam
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XC NH CHUN S REYNOLDS
Ch dng chy ca cht lng
Chy dng (tng) (Re2320): cc phn t cht lng
chuyn ng song song nhau theo ng thng vi
vn tc chm c gi l chy dng.
Chy xoy (ri) (Re10000): cc phn t chuyn
ng vi vn tc nhanh theo ng thng khng th
t vi cc hng khc nhau to thnh mt dng ri
c gi l chy xoy.
Chy chuyn tip (qu ) (2320<Re<10000): t tng
sang ri
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CHUN S REYNOLDS
Cng thc xc nh chun s Reynolds
Re=wl/=wl/
Trong :
w: vn tc c trng ca dng chy (m/s)
l: kch thc hnh hc c trng (m)
- chiu cao h nu l tng phng
- ng knh tng ng dt ca mt ct m lu th i qua
dt=4rtl rtl=f/U
f: din tch mt ct ca dng (ng) U: chu vi thm t
: khi lng ring (kg/m3)
: nht ng lc hc (dynamic viscosity)
(kg/m.s hay Pa.s, N.s/m2)
v: nht ng hc (kinetic viscosity) (m2/s)
v= /
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S TH NGHIM REYNOLDS
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C S L THUYT TH NGHIM REYNOLDS

Th nghim Reynolds l mt th nghim c in
c Reynolds tm ra.

xem c cu trc ca dng chy, Reynolds

dng mt ng rt nh dn nc mu vo thng
vi ng tm ca ng ln dn nc khng mu.

Cc nhn xt v kt lun m Reynolds rt ra trong

qu trnh th nghim.
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C S L THUYT TH NGHIM REYNOLDS

1. Khi tng dn lu lng t Q=0
gi tr lu lng nh, tia mu chy theo mt ng thng v
theo ng tm ng, khng dao ng, dung dch mu khng
c s ha trn vi dung dch nc chy quanh n.

Khi lu lng tng n mt mc no th tia mu bt u b

dao ng (gn sng). Lc ny dng chy tng kt thc.

Nu lu lng tip tc tng th tia mu s dao ng mnh hn

dn n b t on v sau s b ha trn hon ton vo
dng chy. Lc ny dng chy tr ln ri hon ton.

Theo Reynolds dng chy chuyn t trng thi chy tng sang
trng thi chy ri phi qua bc trung gian l trng thi
chy qu .
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C S L THUYT TH NGHIM REYNOLDS

2. Khi lu lng gim dn
Khi dng chy trng thi ri hon ton, nu ta
gim dn lu lng th ti mc no tia mu tr
li mc gn sng.

Nu tip tc gim lu lng th dng chy li tr v

trng thi chy tng, tia mu li chy theo mt
ng thng dc theo tm ng.

Nh vy, dng chy chuyn trng thi chy t

trng thi chy ri v trng thi chy tng qua trng
thi trung gian l trng thi chy qu .
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XC NH H S REYNOLDS T TH NGHIM
Tnh lu lng: Q = W/t
Tnh vn tc dng chy: w = Q/A
Tnh ch s Reynolds: Re = w.D/v
Trong :
W l th tch cht lng o c trong 1 n v thi
gian
t l thi gian cht lng chy c th tch W
A l din tch ng ng
D l ng knh ng
w l vn tc trung bnh trong ng
v l nht ng hc ca cht lu
Q l lu lng
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XY DNG H TH NGHIM REYNOLDS

YU CU:
B sung c s l thuyt ca qu trnh
Cc trang thit b cn dng cho th nghim
Lp t cc thit b cho th nghim
Cht mu (c th dng KMnO4)
Nguyn tc o cc thng s
Tin hnh th nghim (lp li khong 2-3 ln)
Ghi kt qu th nghim
X l cc s liu th nghim
Dng cc ng c D khc nhau hoc ng gp khc
nghin cu cho cc trng hp c bit
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CHNG CT (DISTILLATION)
Mc ch ca th nghim:
L thuyt v chng ct
Nguyn l, cu to ca thp chng ct
Nguyn tc hot ng ca thp chng ct
Xc nh hiu sut ca thp chng ct
Xc nh s a l thuyt ca thp v ch s
hi lu ti thiu
nh gi phng php McCabe-Thiele
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C S L THUYT QU TRNH CHNG CT

Thit b chng ct Thit b chng ct c ct
n gin nht chng ct
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C S L THUYT QU TRNH CHNG CT

Thit b chng ct ASTM D86
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C S L THUYT QU TRNH CHNG CT

Kt qu th nghim (Bng 1 ni suy ra Bng 2)
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NG CONG CHNG CT
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THP CHNG CT
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THP CHNG CT
a trong thp chng ct
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S H THNG THP CHNG CT

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MT S M HNH THP CHNG CT

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PHNG PHP McCabe-Thiele

Dng cho qu trnh chng ct h hai cht lng tan v hn
(Ru+Nc)
ng bay hi cn bng (a,b,c)

S nguyn l mt thp chng ct