HET 228 Formula Sheet

Appendix

Threephasecircuits:

V0 P 3V I cos 3VL I L cos

I I
Z
Q 3V I sin 3VL I L sin
1
Z
Y
S 3V I 3VL I L

TrigonometricIdentities:

1 1 1 sin sin cos cos sin

sin , cos , tan
csc sec cot
cos cos cos sin sin
1 tan 2 sec 2 , 1 cot 2 csc 2
tan tan
tan
sin cos 1 tan tan
tan , cot
cos sin
sin2 2 sin cos

sin cos
2 cos2 cos 2 sin 2
2 cos 2 1
coc sin
2 1 2 sin 2

tan cot 2 tan
2 tan2
1 tan 2
sin sin
1 cos 2
cos cos sin 2
2
tan tan 1 cos 2
cos 2
2
1
sin sin cos cos tan 2
1 cos 2
2
1 cos 2
1
cos cos cos cos
2
1
sin cos cos cos
2
1
cos sin cos cos
2

HET 228 Electrical Actuators and Sensors (Formula Sheet)

 Appendix

MagneticCircuits:

B d" P 0I H d" I M .M .F. H d" NI ) BA

M .M .F.
" " "

" P0 4S u10 7 B PH

PA

Transformers:

dO d) di ) e ind ,p is Np
e ind N e ind L L N a
dt dt dt i e ind ,s ip Ns

Zp is N p2 Z angular frequency
a 2
iM ip  LM
Zs a
N 2  N1
Hysteresis loss kfB V 1.6 actual Pout E1 I 1 E 2 I 2
p per unit K u 100% N 1
base Pin
Eddycurren tloss kf 2 B p2 Vnl  Vfl
Pout Pin  Plosses V .R u 100%
Vfl
Plosses Pcore  Pcopper

InductionMotors:

KNI cosZt  T 
3 120f Rr
M .M .F.total Ns R r  R conv
4 P s

Pconv W ind Zm fr sf s PAG

W ind
Zs
Pout W load Z m PAG Pin  Plosses ,1
Pout
2 Rr K u 100%
W ind
3 VTH Rr R Total R TH  Pin
Zs R total   X total  s
2 2 s
Correction: Plosses Plosses ,1  Plosses ,2
2
X Total X TH  X s
3VTH
W max Pout Pin  Plosses
2Zs R TH  X TH  X r  PAG  PRCL
2 2
Pconv
Plosses ,1 PSCL  Pcore
2
3 VTH Rr
W start

Zs R TH
2 2

 R r  X TH  X r 
2
Plosses ,2 PRCL  PF&W  Pmisc

HET 225 Formula Sheet Page 2 of 3

 Appendix

DCMachines:

Z N a mP E a K ' VT E a I a R a
Ea P
a 60
a 2m Z P VF
Z K' IF
E a P a 2Pm lap a 60 RF
a 2
ind KI a IL IA
Pa I R a
2
a
1 Z
K P
PF I F2 R F 2 a

PowerElectronics:

P
1 1
P
F average f d F R .M .S . f 2 d
P 0 P0
P period P period

f sinusoidal function with f peak f sinusoidal function with f peak

Sensors:

x A y
R Rp C o r y
x max h y

I I y E y
S
Vref V h
x max C 2f 0 r A

x
dV I x
x V /S S x
dh 2f 0 r A
1
R Rp dI 2fV 0 r w y y
max S E
d h

Vref x y y
S SqF E
max V q/C = t
0 r w
L
V/S R
V GS qF A

Vref max R p Power Ratng dR/R= S g y

IB
VH = H
t
100
S g T T
r % dR
N R1 R 2 R
r
R 4 R3

HET 228 Electrical Actuators and Sensors (Formula Sheet)