B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC & MI TRNG

BI BO CO TIU LUN MN
X L NC THI
TI: Tim nng s dng cng ngh thm
thc vt trong x l nc thi Vit Nam

Ging vin hng dn : NGUYN TH NGC THANH

Sinh vin thc hin: NHM 10
Lp : 51- CNMT

Nha Trang, 04/10/2011

GV: NGUYN TH NGC THANH NHM 10

I. T VN .
II. GII THIU KHI QUT V THM THC VT S DNG
CHO MC CH X L NC THI.
II.1 Cnh ng ti.
II.2 Bi lc sinh hc.
II.3 H sinh vt.
III. MT S THC VT IN HNH.
III.1 c im v hiu qu ca mt s thc vt.
1) C Vetiver
2) Lau, sy
3) Lc bnh
4) Ng
5) To
III.2 So snh kh nng lm sch ca c Vetiver, to v lc bnh.
IV. TIM NNG.
1) Phn tch kh nng ng dng da trn cc yu t c bn.
2) Mt s v d cho thy ng dng ca thm thc vt trong x l
NT.
3) a ra mt s trung tm nhn ging hin c Vit Nam.
V. KT LUN, KI

X L NC THI Trang 3
 DANH SCH NHM 10

1. L Hong V
2. Nguyn Cng Qun
3. Nguyn Th Kim Phng
4. Phan Th Phng Lm ( Trng nhm)
5. Nguyn Th Tm
6. Nguyn Quang Tn
7. V Th Tho
8. Trn Vn Thin
9. Trn c Thip
10. Nguyn Th Thu Ngn

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I. T VN .
Cng ngh x l (XL) nc thi ngy cng i su vo p dng cng
ngh sinh hc, v cc bin php sinh hc cng chng minh hiu qu x l
khng km g nhng bin php x l khc.
X l nc thi bng cng ngh sinh hc (CNSH) p ng mc ch a
dng thi vo vng tun hon t nhin ca vt cht, cht thi c x l
v phn hy theo chu trnh sinh hc t nhin.
Kt qu: cc cht thi c chuyn ha hon ton thnh dng thi sch
( tiu chun). Con ngi khng tc ng trc tip cc bin php l ha vo
quy trnh khp kn. Do lng nc thi sau khi x l c a vo t nhin
sch hn m khng b bin i thnh phn, tnh cht.
Vi cng ngh tin tin, hin i, i hi yu cu k thut cao nn vic ng
dng CNSH trong XL ang cn hn ch i vi c s sn xut c quy m nh.
Vi l do trn c mt s gii php x l khng ch em li hiu qu cao m
cn gp phn lm gim chi ph u t v ang c nhn rng, trong c
cng ngh s dng thm thc vt x l nc thi. Sau y nhm chng ti
xin c trnh by c th hn v phng php ny cng nh tim nng ca
phng php ny Vit Nam.
II. GII THIU KHI QUT V THM THC VT S DNG CHO
MC CH XLNT.
II.1 CNH NG TI. (L Anh Tun,H Cn Th)
II.1.1 Mc ch:
Ti bn cy, x l nc thi sinh hot, cng nghip cha nhiu cht hu c
khng cha cht c v vi sinh vt gy bnh.
II.1.2 Phn loi.
Cnh ng ti cng cng: l nhng mnh t c san phng hoc to
dc khng ng k v c ngn cch to thnh cc v cc b t. Nc thi
phn b vo cc bng mng li phn phi gm: mng chnh, mng phn
phi v h thng ti trong cc .
Cnh ng ti nng nghip: nc thi c s l s b qua song chn
rc, b lng ct, b lng c s dng nh ngun phn bn ti ln cc cnh
ng nng nghip.
II.1.3 Nguyn tc .
X l nc thi bng cnh ng ti l vic ti nc thi ln b mt ca
mt cnh ng vi lu lng tnh ton t c mt mc x l no
thng qua qu trnh l, ha v sinh hc t nhin ca h t - nc - thc vt
ca h thng.

X L NC THI Trang 5
 Hnh 1: S cnh ng ti

1. Mng chnh v mng phn phi; 2. Mng, rnh phn phi trong cc ;
3. Mng tiu nc; 4. ng tiu nc; 5. ng i.

- Nguyn tc hot ng: Vic x l nc thi bng cnh ng ti da trn

kh nng gi cc cn nc trn mt t, nc thm qua t nh i qua khe lc,
nh c oxy trong cc l hng v mao qun ca lp t mt, cc vi sinh vt
(VSV) hiu kh hot ng phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Cng su
xung, lng oxy t v qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c gim dn. Cui cng
n su gii hn, ch xy ra qu trnh kh nitrat. Qu trnh oxy ha
nc thi ch xy ra lp t mt su ti 1.5m. V vy cc cnh ng ti
thng c xy dng nhng ni no c mc ngun nc thp hn 1.5m so
vi mt t.
- Nguyn tc xy dng: Cnh ng ti thng xy dng nhng ni c
dc t nhin, cui dng nc ngm cch cng trnh thu nc cp khng di
200 (m) i vi t st, 300 (m) vi ct v 500 (m) vi ct, cui hng gi
v cch xa khu dn c ty thuc vo loi cnh ng v lng nc thi. Xy
dng nhng ni t ct, ct cng c th nhng ni t st nhng vi
tiu chun ti khng cao v bo m t c th thm kp.

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 GV: NGUYN TH NGC THANH NHM 10

Phi xem xt nhu cu nc ca cy trng theo cc yu t loi cy trng,

thi v, loi t v giai on sinh trng m s dng nc thi ti.
Kch thc cc ti khng nh hn 3ha, nu hnh ch nht th b tr
t l chiu rng/chiu di khong 1: 4 n 1: 8, chiu di ca khong 300 -
1.500 m thun li cho vic c gii ha.
dc khu ti chn khong 0,02 v khu ti nn xa khu dn c.
Da vo tc lc m chia 3 hnh thc x l bng cnh ng ti l:
Lc chm (slow rate)
Thm nhanh (rapid infiltration)
Chy trn mt (overland flow).

Bng 1: S liu thit k tiu chun cho vic x l nc thi qua t

a) X l nc thi bng cch lc chm qua t.

X L NC THI Trang 7
 Hnh 2: M hnh x l nc thi bng lc chm qua t

b) X l nc thi bng cch thm nhanh qua t.

Hnh 3: M hnh x l nc thi bng cch thm nhanh qua t

c) X l nc thi trn tin trnh nc chy trn mt.

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Hnh 4: s tin trnh chy trn mt vi nhiu hnh thc ti

( Ngun Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, 1995 )

Bng 2: Hng dn chn tuyn x l nc thi qua t

X L NC THI Trang 9
II.2 Bi lc trng cy. (Constructed wetland):
C th phn loi bi lc trng cy thnh 2 nhm chnh:
Bi lc trng cy ngp nc (BLNN).
Bi lc trng cy dng chy ngm vi dng chy ngang hoc ng
(BLCN).
C th s dng cc vt liu lc khc nhau trong bi lc trng cy. Thc
vt trng trong bi lc thng l cc loi thc vt thy sinh vi cc c im
nh thn tho, thn xp, r chm, ni trn mt nc, ngp hn trong nc hay
trng trong nc nhng thn cy nh ln trn mt nc

M hnh cho BLCN vi dng chy ngang v ng

II.3 H sinh hc.

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H sinh hc l cc ao h c ngun gc t nhin hoc nhn to, cn gi

l h oxy ha, h n nh nc thi, Trong h din ra qu trnh oxy ha sinh
ha cc cht hu c nh cc loi vi khun, To v cc loi thy sinh vt khc.
Nguyn tc hot ng chung ca h sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt s dng oxy sinh ra t ru to trong qu trnh quang hp
cng nh oxy ha t khng kh oxy ha cc cht hu c, rong to li tiu
th CO2 , photphat, nitrat, amon sinh ra t s phn hy, oxy ha cc cht hu
c bi vi sinh vt.
h hot ng bnh thng cn phi gi gi tr pH v nhit ti u.
Nhit khng c thp hn 600C.
III. MT S THC VT IN HNH
III.1. c im v hiu qu x l ca mt s thc vt in hnh.
1. C vetiver.
C Vetiver c tn khoa hc l Vetiveria zizanioides thuc h
Andropogoneae.
Ta c th s dng c vetiver cho c trn cn (cnh ng ti, bi lc
trng cy ngp nc ) cng nh di nc ( bi lc trng cy dng chy ngm,
h sinh hc).
a) c im.
c tnh sinh l.
C kh nng chu c bin i kh hu khc nghit nh hn hn ko
di, ngp ng v khong dao ng nhit rt rng, t -15 oC n 60oC. C
Vetiver vn c th tn ti v pht trin ti khu vc m lng ma hng nm
ch khong 300mm hay hn hn ko di sut 6 thng lin.
Kh nng phc hi rt nhanh sau khi chu nh hng bi cc iu kin
bt li.
Kh nng thch nghi c rt nhiu loi t c pH dao ng t 3 -
10,5.
Tn ti c trong nhng mi trng nng cao nh t chua, t
kim, t mn v t cha nhiu Magie.
Chu c cc nguyn t Nhm (Al), Mangan (Mn) v nhng kim loi
nng nh Asen (As), Cadimi (Cd), Crm (Cr), Niken (Ni), Ch (Pb), Thy ngn
(Hg), Selen (Se) v Km (Zn) trong t.

Bng 3: so snh ngng chu ng ca c vetiver vi cc cy c khc

Ngng chu trong t (mg/kg)
Kim loi nng
C vetiver Cy c khc
Acsen (As) 100-250 2.0
Cadmi (Cd) 20-60 1.5
ng (Cu) 50-100 -
Crm (Cr) 200-600 -
Ch (Pb) >1.500 -
Thy ngn >6 -
c tnh sinh thi.

X L NC THI Trang 11
 C Vetiver sinh sn v tnh t r, n n hoa nhng khng c ht, do
khng c c tnh xm ln hoc mc lan trn.
Trng c vetiver cng c th to ra mi trng sng t nhin hoang d:
* Ti Australia, loi chim hoa mai thng lm t trn nhng l c vetiver
trng thnh bi nhng chic l dy v cao ny s bo v t ca chng trc
nhng trn gi v chim sn mi.
* Nhiu loi chim khc, c bit l thy iu, b hp dn bi s ch che t
nhng lung c vetiver, c bit khi chng c trng quanh ao h.
Nhng c tnh c bit gip c Vetiver c kh nng kim sot
nhim
- D dng hp thu nhng dng cht ha tan v kim loi nng trong ngun
nc nhim.
- Chu c mc nhim cao.
- Chu c ha cht dit cy c v cn trng.
- Khi c trng gn nhau, nhng l c vetiver s to thnh lung dy c,
nhng vng nc su v dng chy mnh, chng to sc cn, lm gim vn tc
chy, chng c hin tng xi mn, ra tri.
- Chng li cn trng, dch bnh v ha hon. C vetiver khng lm cho cn
trng v dch bnh, cng khng lm ni c tr cho nhng loi cn trng c th
tn cng h thc vt ln cn.
- Nhng nghin cu v cn lng ng v dng chy khu vc nhit i
Queensland ch ra rng, nhn chung, hn 95% lng ni-t v pht-pho dn mt
i trong cc dng chy qua tng giai on. Do , cha kha trong vic kim
sot nhim bi ha cht nng nghip l gi chng li u ngun. C
Vetiver c nh gi l gii php hiu qu vi chi ph thp trong vic gi li
v loi b nhng tp cht, c bit l thuc tr su (cha 90% Chlopyrifos).
Th d nh Trung Quc, nhng hng ro c Vetiver l cng c hu hiu
kim sot hin tng tp trung dng cht cho t nng nghip, c bit l v
ni-t v pht-pho, khi chng c cun i theo cc dng chy.
- C vetiver c p dng thnh cng trn hn 100 quc gia nhm mc ch
bo v mi trng, c bit l trong vn gii quyt tnh trng nhim ngun
nc.
- Theo gio s Paul Trng, Gim c v i din khu vc chu - Thi Bnh
Dng thuc Trung tm Nghin cu c vetiver quc t, nh c b r pht trin
su v dy c, h c vetiver c kh nng hp thu cc c t trong nc v t
nh kim loi nng, ha cht bo v thc vt... Do vy, c th s dng h c
vetiver x l cc vng t v nc b nhim.

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M hnh trng c vetiver vng ngp nc

b) Hiu qu x l.
Vi cng trnh nghin cu ca cc tc gi l Nguyn Minh Tr, Nguyn Duy
Chinh, Nguyn Vit Thng - Trng i hc Khoa hc Hu, kt qu thu c
nh sau:
Hm lng oxy ha tan (DO) sau x l bng c Vetiver tng t 2,95mg/l
n 4,93mg/l trong 12 ngy, hiu sut t ti 67,12%.
Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD) li gim ng k, t 420 mg/l xung cn
120 mg/lit sau 12 ngy x l v gim 1,92 ln so vi trckhi x l.
Hm lng Ni t cng gim 1,94 ln, hm lng P cng gim 2,503 ln
so vi trc khi x l.
Ngun nc sau khi x l c gi tr cc thng s k thut hu ht t
TCVN 5945 - 2005 loi B.
2) Cy sy .
a) c im.
- Loi sy c chn x l nc thi c tn khoa hc l Phragmites
communis.
- Sy l loi cy c th sng trong nhng iu kin thi tit khc nghit nht.
H sinh vt xung quanh r ca chng v cng phong ph, c th phn hu cht
hu c v hp th kim loi nng trong nhiu loi nc thi khc nhau, nh cc
loi nc thi lng ngh. Cc cnh ng sy c th x l c nhiu loi nc
thi c cht c hi khc nhau v nng nhim ln. Cy sy c thn dy v

X L NC THI Trang 13
c th cao ti 4m sau 5 nm. R cy sy c kh nng lm tng lng xy trong
b ct v bo m kh nng chy qua ct.
- H thng x l nc thi bng cy sy da trn nguyn tc sinh hc. Nc
thi sinh hot v y t c dn cho chy vo mt b ct trng cy sy. Nc
bn s c thm qua r, ti y, h vi khun trong b r cy s hot ng v
tiu ho hoc phn hu cc tp cht trong nc thi. Sau , nc tip tc thm
qua cc lp vt liu lc ri chy xung nhng ng thot nm pha di y b
v thi ra t nhin.
- H thng x l nc thi bng cy sy bao gm b ct c y v mt bn
c ph mt lp nha chng thm chng nc thi r r xung h thng
nc ngm. Bn ngoi b ct c hng ro bao quanh chng s xm nhp ca
ngi v cc loi ng vt khc.
b) Hiu qu x l
Hiu qu x l nc thi sinh hot (vi cc thng s nh amoni, nitrat,
phospht, BOD5, COD, colifom) t t l phn hu 92-95%.
Cn i vi nc thi cng nghip c cha kim loi th hiu qu x l
COD, BOD5, crom, ng, nhm, st, ch, km t 90-100%.
Nc sau x l t tiu chun loi B. pH v cc ch s sinh ho n
nh cho php vi sinh vt hot ng bnh thng, ring cht rn l lng t loi
A (50mg/l).
Theo kt qu nghin cu c cng b trn Tp ch sinh hc s 2/201,
Sy pht trin kh tt ngay c khi c b sung lng nc thi cha kim loi
nng. V sau khong 7 thng, sy pht trin u th hn hn trong ton b h
thng t ngp nc.

3) Lc bnh.
a) c im.
- Bo ty (danh php khoa hc: Eichhornia crassipes Solms) cn c gi l
lc bnh, lc bnh, hay bo Nht Bn l mt loi thc vt thu sinh, thn tho,
sng ni theo dng nc, thuc v chi Eichhornia ca h H Bo ty
(Pontederiaceae).
- Cy lc bnh tng trng lin tc trong nm vi tim nng sinh sn ln. Lc
bnh tng trng nhanh nht trong nhit nc t 28 n 30 0 C v ngng tng
trng khi nhit nc ln ti 40 0C hoc di 100C (Lareo v Bressani,
1982). Loi cy thy sinh ny c th sinh sn bng c 2 hnh thc sinh sn v
tnh v hu tnh, nhng ch yu bng hnh thc v tnh. Qun th lc bnh c
th tng ln gp i trong vng 12 ngy (Nesic v Jovanovic, 2006).
b) Hiu qu x l.
Hiu sut x l nc thi ca lc bnh i vi c l 97,79%.
COD l 66,10%; Nit tng l 64,36%, phosphat tng l 42,54%.
4) Ng.
a) c im.
- Ng l cy thn tho, mc b, thn rng gin, di 20 - 30cm, c nhiu lng,
mi rt thm, l nhn, mc i, khng cung, hi m thn. Phn l gn thn
nh li, mp hi c rng ca tha. Hoa gn nh khng cung mc n c

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nch l. Qu nang nhn, c bu v np nhn dc theo qu, ngn hn l i.

Ht nhn hnh tr c mu en nht, c vn mng.
- Rau ng thch hp trn nhng vng t nhiu nc nh rung ly, ao h. Do
, t trng rau ng cn nhiu bn, y dinh dng, nhiu nc.
b) Hiu qu x l.
Hiu sut x l nc thi ca rau ng i vi c l 96,94%.
COD l 44,97%; Nit tng l 53,60%, phosphat tng l 33,56%.
5) To, Rong cu.
a) c im.
- To, rong cu l nhm sinh vt c kh nng quang hp, chng c th dng
n bo (vi loi c kch thc nh hn mt s vi khun), hoc a bo (nh
cc loi rong bin, c chiu di ti vi mt). Cc nh phn loi thc vt da
trn cc loi sn phm m to tng hp c v cha trong t bo ca chng,
cc loi sc t ca to phn loi chng.
- To c tc sinh trng nhanh, chu ng c cc thay i ca mi
trng, c kh nng pht trin trong nc thi, c gi tr dinh dng v hm
lng protein cao, do ngi ta li dng cc c im ny ca to :
X l nc thi v ti s dng cht dinh dng. Cc hot ng sinh hc
trong cc ao nui to ly i cc cht hu c v dinh dng ca nc thi
chuyn i thnh cc cht dinh dng trong t bo to qua qu trnh quang
hp. Hu ht cc loi nc thi th, nng nghip, phn gia sc u c th
c x l bng h thng ao to.
Bin nng lng mt tri sang nng lng trong cc c th sinh vt.
To dng nng lng mt tri quang hp to nn ng, tinh bt... Do
vic s dng to x l nc thi c coi l mt phng php hu hiu
chuyn i nng lng mt tri thnh nng lng ca c th sng.
Tiu dit cc mm bnh. Thng qua vic x l nc thi bng cch nui
to cc mm bnh c trong nc thi s b tiu dit do cc yu t sau y:
S thay i pH trong ngy ca ao to do nh hng ca qu trnh quang
hp.
Cc c t tit ra t t bo to.
V s tip xc ca cc mm bnh vi bc x mt tri (UV).
- Cc phn ng din ra trong ao to ch yu l "hot ng cng sinh gia to,
rong cu v vi khun".

X L NC THI Trang 15
u im ca x l nc thi cng nghip s dng To
Thch hp cho iu kin sinh trng khc nghit (pH, mui, vv .)
Loi b kim loi nng.
Hiu qu cao: c chng minh l phng php hiu qu loi b
BOD5, cc tc nhn gy bnh, pht pho v nit hn so vi qu trnh bn hot
tnh v cc qu trnh iu tr th cp khc (Green et al, 1996)
D x l.
Yu cu nng lng thp: qu trnh x l nc thi truyn thng
thng phi tn mt khon chi ph (chi ph nng lng) do hot ng ca h
thng sc c kh, sc kh cung cp oxy cho vi khun hiu kh tiu th cc
hp cht hu c trong nc thi, trong khi To x l nc thi th To li c
th cung cp oxy cho vi khun hiu kh. Sc kh l mt qu trnh tn km nng
lng, chim 45% - 75% ca tng chi ph nng lng ca nh my x l nc
thi. To c s dng tiu th cc cht dinh dng v cung cp Oxi cho
cc vi khun hiu kh thng qua qu trnh quang hp.
Gim s hnh thnh bn: Trong cc h thng x l nc thi thng
thng, mc ch l gim thiu hoc loi b bn. Nc thi cng nghip
thng thng c x l bng cch s dng mt lot cc ho cht c hi
iu chnh pH, loi b bn, loi b mu sc v loi b mi. Vic s dng to x
l nc thi th bn vi sinh khi to l nhng nng lng c th c tip tc
x l lm nhin liu sinh hc hoc cc sn phm khc c gi tr nh phn
bn. Cng ngh ny trnh s dng ho cht v ton b qu trnh x l nc
thi c n gin ha Lm gim ng k vic hnh thnh bn.

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Gim pht thi kh nh knh .

Sn xut sinh khi to hu ch.
Nghin cu gn y ch ra rng thng thng cc nh my x l
nc thi to ra t 3 n 4% cc kh gy hiu ng nh knh trn th gii, x l
nc thi da trn To cng gii phng CO2 nhng ngc li trong qu trnh
pht trin th to li tiu th mt lng CO 2 ln hn c lng CO2 m h thng
x l to ra, iu ny lm cho ton b h thng tiu gim i mt lng ln
CO2.
b) Hiu qu x l.
To, rong cu c th x l mt lng ln N, P. Qua nghin cu cho thy,
to rong cu c th ly i 18% - 98% hm lng cc mui dinh dng N v P
v c trong nc.
III.2. So snh kh nng lm sch ca To, c Vetiver, Lc bnh.
Theo Tuyn tp bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu khoa hc ln th
6 ca i hc Nng nm 2008, nghin cu kh nng t lm sch ca h
th bng h thc vt nc, tng hp kt qu ca nghin cu a ra bng so
snh kh nng ti lng ca 3 m hnh vi 3 h thc vt khc nhau :
Bng 4 : So snh kh nng ti lng
M hnh Ti COD Ti NH4+ Ti PO43-
(g/m2.ngy) (g/m2.ngy) (g/m2.ngy)
C Vetiver 3.29 4.65 0.62
Lc bnh 3.5 4.12 0.55
To 2.16 2.94 0.5

IV. TIM NNG CA VIC DNG THM THC VT.

IV.1. Phn tch da trn cc nhn t.
- a hnh : Vit Nam c nhiu dng a hnh khc nhau nh i ni, ng
bng v c vng ngp nc. Vi a hnh dc cao ta khng th xy h sinh hc,
thay vo ta nn chn nhng thc vt c b r di kh nng bm tr c
trn a hnh s cao.
V d :
Ta c th s dng cnh ng lc vi thc vt c trng l c Vetiver,
bi vi loi c ny ta va c th lm sch nc thi, va gi c t chng
xi mn.
Vi a hnh t ngp nc th lau sy s rt pht trin. Hoc ta cng c
th kt c Vetiver thnh hom th ni trn mt nc do nc thi s c x
l.
Hoc nu ng bng, ta c th thit k h sinh hc, vi thm thc vt
s dng l to kt hp vi h VSV trong h x l nc thi. Qu trnh
quang hp ca to s sn sinh ra Oxi cung cp cho qu trnh OXH trong h.

X L NC THI Trang 17
- Kh hu : c im kh hu ca Vit Nam l nhit i m rt thch hp cho
rt nhiu loi thc vt pht trin. To iu kin thun li cho vic ng dng
thc vt x l nc thi do hn ch c s lng thc vt cht do su bnh
hoc khng thch nghi c do qu lnh hoc qu nng.
- Chi ph : Chi ph u t cho h thng x l vi s c mt ca thm thc vt
thp hn nhiu so vi cc h thng khc.
V d :
Gi cho mt cy c Vetiver dao ng t 250 350 ng. Mt h thng
x l vi din tch khong 400 m2 th cn khong 11 triu VND tin ging cy (
cha tnh cc chi ph khc )
Cch thc trng cng nh a vo x l ca h thng tng i d
dng, khng i hi ngi nhn vin trnh qu cao. Ngi k thut vin ch
cn c o to qua kha hc v cch trng cng nh cch chm sc th s c
th ng dng n vo cng vic ngay.
Vic chm sc h thc vt quan trng trong thi gian u v khi cy
mi pht trin cn c chm sc tt trnh hin tng cy b cht do thiu
cht dinh dng. Sau khi pht trin t yu cu c th phc v cho vic x
l nc thi th ta s khng phi chm sc nhiu na. Mt u tt nht ca
phng php ny l ta t phi tn cng cho vic sc ra thit b nh bn x l
bng PPSH, v hiu sut x l lun c duy tr.
- Thu sinh khi : Bn cnh vic x l c nc thi chng ta cn thu c
sinh khi ca cc thc vt ny
C Vetiver sau khi pht trin cao, ta c th ct bt phn l, c th lm
m ngh hoc lm l lp mi, lm cht t.
L bo ty t chun phi l nhng l bnh t, chiu di thn l t
khong 40cm tr nn. Sau khi ct bo v s b ht phn l, ch gi li phn
thn. Sau thn bo s c phi cho n khi kh kit nc, c c 1kg
bo kh s cn khong 9 n 12kg bo ti. Gi bn mt kg bo kh dao ng
t 6.000 - 7.000 ng. Nhng sn phm th cng m ngh t bo ty kh nh:
Ti, gi xch, ln, gh ngi, bn n nhng sn phm cao cp hn nh t hay
ging. Cc nc nhp khu ch yu l Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Nga, c ....
L c vetiver dng lm thc n cho gia sc, l ngun gi tr dinh dng
cao. Lp mi nh, s dng nh nguyn liu lm giy, lm dy thng, chiu, nn,
gi xch ... Khi phn ngn c vetiver thun thc t 52%, c th dng lm thc
n cho b sa, nga, d v nhiu loi ng vt khc do tnh cht d tiu ha.
Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn dng c vetiver lt rm cho gia sc.
Thn v l c vetiver c th dng lm lp thm thc vt ri ln lp t
mt quanh tn cy gi m cho cy v dit c di cng nh lt ri bo v t
di chung nui gia sc ... Thn, l cn dng lm vt liu nui trng nm rm
v phn xanh. Ngi ta cn dng thn l c vetiver lm vt liu nhi nm, lm
chi qut, lm cy cnh trang tr trong vn, trong nh ...
Tuy nhin chng ta cn phi lu mt s im sau trong vic s dng
thm thc vt x l nc thi : sau khi tham gia vo qu trnh ht cc cht
nhim trong nc thi cc cht nhim c tch t trong cc b phn
ca cy (t r cho ti l) sau mt thi gian th kh nng ht ca cy s gim

18
 GV: NGUYN TH NGC THANH NHM 10

i. V khi cy cht i th cht nhim s quay tr li mi trng. V vy chng

ta cn xem xt n mt s gii php nhm thu c sinh khi ca thc vt va
to thm thu nhp va c iu kin thay la cy mi v cy mi s c kh
nng ht cht nhim cao hn so vi cy bo ho.
IV.2. Mt s c s ng dng thm thc vt vo x l nc thi.
- C Vetiver c trng th nghim nhiu ni vi cc mc ch khc
nhau nh: Lm sch nc trong m h chn nui c ng bng sng Cu
Long, x l nc thi Nh my giy Bc Ninh, x l nc thi nh my Phn
m H Bc...
- Trung tm T vn v Cng ngh mi trng (Tng cc Mi trng) phi hp
cng vi Cng ty u t pht trin Thin An, a cy c Vetiver vo x l
nc thi chn nui ti thn 1, x Ngc L (Bnh Lc - H Nam), l mt vng
ang gy nhim nng do mt chn nui h gia nh rt cao.
- L Nh Hu & CS (2005) p dng nui rong Cu trong vic lm sch
nc v gia tng cht lng mi trng phc v cho vic nui tm s thng
phm. S dng ngun nc thi ca tm lm ngun dinh dng cho rong v s
dng ao rong Cu trong vai tr ca h thng lc sinh hc vi 100% nc thi
t ao nui tm c ti s dng sau khi lc qua ao rong Cu trong sut mt v
nui 4,5 thng ( t ngy 4/3/2004 n 19/7/2004 ti m Phc Thi, thnh
ph Nha Trang). Sau 4 thng th nghim, sn lng rong cu t 3,2 tn ti
v tm s l 2,4 tn.
- Cc nh nghin cu n t Trung tm Sinh hc Thc nghim thuc Vin ng
dng Cng ngh ca Vit Nam mi y cng th nghim thnh cng phng
php s dng cy sy trong vic lm sch ngun nc thi ti mt c s tuyn
qung thic Thi Nguyn.
- Bnh vin Nhn i (Bnh Phc) xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi
bng phng php r cy sy. H thng ny gii quyt c ton b nc thi
ca bnh vin trc khi thi ra h Thc M. y l bnh vin pha Nam u
tin p dng h thng x l nc thi ny.
IV.3 Mt s trung tm nhn ging Vit Nam :
Trung tm nghin cu v chuyn giao cng ngh, Trng i hc Nng
Lm, Th c, Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Ngoi ra cn mt s trung tm cc vin nghin cu khc ( mt s tnh
thnh ln nh H Ni, Nng)

V. KT LUN, KIN NGH.

Kt lun: chn la phng php x l ph hp nhm em li hiu
qu cao cng nh gim chi ph u t gi thnh ta cn phi xem xt n mt s
yu t nh a hnh, v tr ca h thng x l c xa khu dn c hay khng, h
thng nc ngm ti khu vc trnh lm nhim ngun nc ngm.
S dng thc vt x l nc thi khng nhng lm sch u ra m cn lm
tng cnh quan ca khu vc.
Nh nc nn ch trng u t, pht trin cc trung tm nhn ging,
cc ti nghin cu
u t bi dng cc nghin cu sinh, cho i hc hi kinh nghim

X L NC THI Trang 19
 T chc cc t tuyn truyn, ph bin cc cng ngh mi
Nh my, x nghip, c s sn xut nghin cu, tm ra gii php, ging
cy thch hp cho tng loi nc thi

20
 GV: NGUYN TH NGC THANH NHM 10

Ti liu tham kho

1) http://www.botanyvn.com/cnt.asp?param=news&newsid=1278 (Trung
tm d liu thc vt Vit Nam)
2) Rong cu Vit Nam ngun li v s dng ca L Nh Hu v Nguyn
Hu i ( Nh xut bn khoa hc t nhin v cng ngh- 2008)
3) Hng dn k thut ng dng cng ngh c vetiver gim
nh thin tai, bo v mi trng Paul Truong, Trn Vn Tn v
Elise Pinners
4) http://vea.gov.vn/VN/tintuc/tintuchangngay/Pages/Di%E1%BB%85n
%C4%91%C3%A0nASEMv%E1%BB%81T%C4%83ngtr%C6%B0%E1%BB
%9Fngxanh.aspx (Tng cc mi trng B ti nguyn mi trng)
5) http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/wastewater_treatment/wastewater_trea
tment.html
6) http://moitruongsong.lefora.com/2010/05/24/co-huong-bai-giai-phap-
xu-ly-moi-chat-thai-chan-nu/
7) http://www.vetiver.com (The Vetiver Network International)
8) http://www.ctu.edu.vn/colleges/tech/bomon/ttktmoitruong/daotao/giao
%20trinh%20dien%20tu/xlnt/aquatreat.htm (i hc Cn Th)
9) http://www.moitruong.com.vn/Home/Default.aspx?
portalid=33&tabid=19&distid=946
10) http://vea.gov.vn/VN/khoahoccongnghe/congnghemt/xulynuocth
ai/Pages/X%E1%BB%ADl%C3%BDn%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bcth%E1%BA
%A3ib%E1%BA%B1ngraung%E1%BB%95v%C3%A0l%E1%BB%A5cb
%C3%ACnh.aspx
11) Nghin cu kh nng t lm sch ca h th
bng h thc vt nc - Tuyn tp bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin
nghin cu khoa hc ln th 6 ti i hc Nng nm
2008.
12) (http://www.khoahocphattrien.com.vn/news/khoahoccongnghe/?
art_id=7951)
13) http://www.khoahoc.com.vn/doisong/ung-dung/665_Xu-ly-nuoc-
thai-bang-thuy-sinh-thuc-vat.aspx
14) http://www.congnghiepmoitruong.vn/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=3320:hien&catid=11:gii-phap-ng-
dng&Itemid=9

X L NC THI Trang 21