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120000719019

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109
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Section 11: Sentence Completion

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Section 111: Sentence Transformations

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1. Active-passive forms
2. Passive-active forms
: - ;
. Causative HAVE (have something done)

.
4. Conditional sentences: First, Second, Third Conditional
5. 1f only / 1 wish
4 .
6. Direct / indirect speech
,
5 , -
.
7. 1t's time / it's high time / it's about time
8. For / since / ago
, . 9. Sti11 / yet
10. Not very far / a long way / quite near / so far
11. So dol/ldo too / nor 1/ neifher 1/ 1 don't eifher
n r r . -
12. Comparison
, , ,
n . 108. 13. So+adjective... that / so+adverb... that /such (a)... that l
too... (for...) to... / not... enough to...
:
14. Some uncountaes
-
15. Prefer / rather-would rather / prefer -would prefer
: Present & Past Simple, Continuous, Perfect;
Present Perfect Continuous; wi11-future, futurity 16. Youd better / if 1 were you / 1 think you should
can, , must, should, 17. Gerund (-ing) / infinitive
ought to, need, mighf, would, u have to
18. 1 doubt / 1 don't think

19. lnversion
.(
!) 20. But / however / although / though / even though l
12 . 1 in spite of / despite
 1l s

a. l have found more oi1 in the North Sea. (active)
More oi1
More oil has been found in the North Sea. (passive)
b. They wi11 te11 you the results on Monday. (active)
You
wi11 be told the results on Monday (passive)
active-passive:
a. Last week chaos was brought to the area by strong winds
and heavy rain. (passive)
Last week strong winds and
Last week strong winds and heavy rain brought
chaos to the area. (active)
b. 11 the TV aerials had been own down by the wind. (passive)
The wind
The wind had blown down aII the TV aerials. (active)

1
( ` ' e Present Perfect - have found).
passive-active:

.
, -
( ` ' e strong winds
. and heavy rain). B (passive) e
-
, . they, someone, people.
2 be , -
,
- , be
( e has been, 2 ( past simple).
).
, ( '
3 ,
( ` ' e found).
e brought, e bring,
a past simple bring e brought).

(they,
4 peopie, someone), npu . 4

( b' all the TV aerials).

5
(
) - - 5
( b' e to the area).
by.

: Last week strong winds and heavy rain brought

: More oil has been found in the North Sea.
14 chaos to the area. 15
 1l r

n one '
Second Conditional (unreal condition)
u ,
,
.
1 don't know where your key is so 1 can't te11 you.
a. The hairdresser has just cut my hair.
1f 1 knew where your key is, 1 wou/d te11 you.
1
1've just had my hair cut.
dream is to buy a house on the Mediterranean but for that 1
b. John's car is running much better now because they serviced would have to win a 1ot of money.
it at the garage last week. 1f 1 won a 1ot of money, 1 would buy a house
John's car is running much better now because he on the Mediterranean.
John's car is running much better now because he had it
serviced last week. 1f-clause: past tense

Result clause: would / could / might + infinitive (without`to')

ondit ona entences
First Conditional (real condition)
,
Third Conditional (impossi e condition2
, ,
. 1' thinking of going to Paris next Saturday. 111 see a show
there.
1f 1 go to Paris next Saturday, 111 see a show (there). . He arrived late so he missed the interesting part of the lecture.
1f he hadn't arrived 1ate, he wouldn't have missed
b. 1 need to pass my driving test. Failure means 1 won't be the interesting part of the lecture. (- -)
to get this job.
1f 1 don't pass my driving test, 1 won't be to get this job. 1f he had arrived early, he wouldn't have missed
Unless 1 pass my driving test, 1 won't be to get this job. the interesting part of the lecture. (+ -)

unless s .
-
if in case (of),
-

",
: (-) (n-)

":
111 take my keys in case 1 home before you. b. We didn't get lost because we took a .
, ,
- - , 1f we hadn't taken a map, we would have got lost. (- +)
.
1f-clause: present tense 1f-clause: past perfect

1 Result clause: wi11/can/ + infinitive (without`to') Result clause: would/l/might + have + past participle 17
 1l ii ,

. 'Are you going to the party on Saturday?' asked John.

(yes-no question)
: John asked / wanted to know if / whether / was going to the
1f only/1 wish 1 had more money. (but 1 haven't) party on Saturday.

1. yes-no-
1f only/1 wish 1 couid speak French. (but 1 can't)


e if unu whether.
2. ask want
1f only/1 wish 1 hadn't been so rude to her yesterday.
to know, 1 wonder, 1 don't know, Do you know.
(but 1 was and it's too late now)

direct-indirect speech -
1f only/1 wish she would spend less money.
,
(but she won't and 1 can't do anything about it)
. -

,
(this, that, yesterday, today, tomorrow, here, ago, last
week / month / year, next week / month / year) u
.

-
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wh- .
,
wh- -
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. :
You should start preparing for the exam at the end of the school
year,` Mrs. Simpson said.
a. What are you doing? asked Mary. (wh-question)
Mary asked (me) what 1 was doing. Mrs. Simpson advised me to start preparing for the exam at
the end of the school year.
what ,
, . . 1f you don't water your plants regularly, they'11 die,' my mother said.
- .
My mother advised me to water my plants regularly.
, ,
(asked) My mother warned me that if 1 didn't water my plants regularly,
1t . they would die. 1
 rn i

1 didn't te11 mum about it, my brother said.

:
My brother denied telling mum about it.
hasn't seen her for ten years.
1' afraid 1 can't give you a rise at the moment,' the manager
hasn't seen her since 2001.
said to He1en.
1t's ten years since he saw/has seen her.
The manager refused to give Helen a pay rise. last saw her ten years ago.

:
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/
recommend + (that) + person + (should) + infinitive without 'to'
Sti11 u yet ,
recommend + doing (something) .
suggest + person + (should) + infinitive without 'to'
:
suggest + doing sti 11
apologize far + noun / i (something) She began cleaning the house in the morning and is sti11
cleaning it.
te11, arder, remind, When 1 ll half an hour ago Mary was sti11 doing her
encourage, persuade + person + infinitive with to'
homework.
pretend, promise, affer + infinitive with `to'
~ yet
She began cleaning the house in the morning and hasn't
finished yet.
When 1 ll half an hour ago Mary hadn't done her home-
~!li3~t work yet.

. it's time +(for + agent) + infinitive with to'

= the time has come

1t's time to go.

. ot ve ar a on wa ui e near so ar
1t's time for them to start preparing for the exam. :
1t's not (very) far to the post office from the bus stop.
. iYs time / iYs high time / it's about time + agent + past tense The post office is
= 1 think the time has come The post office is quite near the bus stop.

1t's time you locked the door.

1t was such a long way that we decided to go by the underground.
1t's high time the child went to bed. 1t was so

20 1t's about time we bought a new car. 1t was so far that we decided to go by the underground.
21
 11 : i

0.0 too nor " She speaks French better than 1 do.
1 don't
neither do 1/ 1 don't either
1 don't speak French as we11 as she does.
: 1
1 drink (much) less coffee than my brother.
1 like ice-cream. So does my sister. brother
sister does, too. 1 don't

So can her sister. brother drinks (much) more coffee than me/than 1 do.
Jane can l the piano.
Her sister can, too. 1 don't drink as much coffee as my brother (does).

1 don't like ice-cream. Nor does my sister.

Jane can't l the piano.
3 :
ALSO.
:
Neither does my sister.
sister doesn't either. + ective ... t at
So + adverb ... that
Nor can her sister. Such a + noun Sg ... that
Neither can her sister. Such + noun P1 ... that
sister can't either. Too...(for...)to...
Not ... enough to ..
The gap was so narrow that he l not squeeze through it.
She walked so slowly that we got tired of waiting for her.
She was such a slow walker that we got tired of waiting for her.
They are such rude l that 1 won't speak to them again.
The gap was too narrow for him to squeeze through.
The gap was not wide enough for him to squeeze through.

His new novel is much more interesting than his last one.
His last novel . uncoun es
His last novel was not as/so interesting as his new one.
advice, furniture, information, luggage, news, knowledge

Young l today are (much) less interested in politics than

(
they were.
, ).
Young l today are not
a, many, a few.
Young people today are not as interested in politics as they .
22 were. some. 23
 1l ~ i

1 don't think 111 go on holiday to Spain.

- re er
1 doubt
d rather = would rather
l doubt if/whether 1`1/ go on holiday to Spain.
` prefer = would prefer

.
:
1 prefer tea to coffee.
1 prefer cycling to driving. : hardly, no sooner... than, not
1' (would) rather have tea than coffee. only.., but (a/so), never, seldom /rarely.

1 d (would) prefer to cycie rather than drive. :

Hardly had a moment passed before the door opened.

jjj~Y1 ~:~~ 'i/f ~ , i ~1, ou s ou. No sooner had 1 opened the door than the telephone rang.
Not only did she turn up late but she also forgot to bring
: book back.
Youd better go to bed early tonight.
Seldom had 1 seen such beautiful scenery.
1f 1 were you
1f 1 were you, Id (would) go to bed early tonight.
1 think you .= ut owever a t oug t oug
1 think you should go to bed early tonight. even thou . h/ in s ite of / des ite
( ), -
, -
`r~~ r~~~~ .
,
: .
1t is boring to watch television 11 evening. but u although ca , ,
Watching television 11 evening is boring. (clause).
1t is exciting to go on safari. though although, e informal.
Going on safari is exciting. My grandfather has a car but he doesn't often drive it.
Although /though he has a car, grandfather doesn't
often drive it.
~~ ittil ~
` :~ r[11:~~~: 'lili in spite of u despite ca .
, , ,
:
-ing- op a, (clause).
He doubted if his son would ever pass his driving test.
He didn't Jane went to school in spite of /despite feeling unwell.
his driving test.
24 He didn't believe his son would ever pass She went for a walk in spite of / despite the heat. 25
 1l

in spite of u although ,

, ,
-
.
,
:
Jane went to school in spite of/despite feeling unwell. (transition words and phrases).
Jane went to school although she felt unwell. /
Although she felt unwell, Jane went to school.
:
She went for a walk in spite of/despite the heat.
Example: for exampie, for instance,
Although it was (very) hot, she went for a wa1k.
to illustrate my point/ this point

Cause and effect: as a result, in this way, therefore,

for this purpose, because (of that)

Time: at first, first(1 ), second(1), at 1ast, as soon as,

1V: before, next, later, then, finally, when, after,
( ) sooner or later, to begin with, until, until now,
at the same time, during, once

(description) , , Contrast: but, however, yet, sti11, on the contrary,
, (narration) , nevertheless, on the other hand, even though
.
Addition: and, a1so, as we11 as, moreover, what is more,
: bes;des, not on1y...but a1so, in addition,
in the same way

1 : .
Summing up: in conclusion, in brief, to sum (it) up,
in short, in other words, for this reason,
- :
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in fact, in any case

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION,
3-, :
http://www.zapadni-ezici.infolmatura
http://www.kom . bg/matu ra

QR-*,
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f li ~ 1 1 .

' QR-6ap op, Quick Response u e ( ),

QR- .
3~ : http://goo.gl/843, . .
 TEST 1

PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Directions: will hear twice some information about environ-

mental pollution. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to
read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look
at the questions and the suggested choices, but you are not 1-
lowed to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4
minutes to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing
among A, B or . Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have
1 minute to check your answers.

1. Rain forests do not influence the climate.

. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

2. 1n the last 40 years half of the world's rain forests have

been destroyed.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

. Fifty years ago few l were concerned about environ-

mental pro ems.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

4. Plastic bags wi11 sti11 be littering the earth up to 500 years

later.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

5. The air is polluted by misuse or overuse of fertilizers.

. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

Directions: You wil/ hear twice some information about Abraham

Lincoln. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the
questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can /ook at the
questions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to
take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes
to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among 33
 Tcxf 1

, , C or D. Then wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 Then you will hear the text again and wil/ have 1 minute to check
minute to check your answers. your answers.

6. Americans think of Abraham Lincoln 11. There are no customs, attitudes or myths that seem to be
. as a national hero part of the structure of America.
. as one of their greatest presidents . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. as the President who started the Civi1 War
D. as a successful lawyer 12. The author l not have escaped talking about hunting
because he thinks the hunting season is part of the charm
7. Lincoln was born in a of autumn.
. family of rich planters . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. family of lawyers
. poor family of pioneers 13. Americans hate hunting.
D. family of musicians . True . Fa1se . No information in the text

8. As a young man he 14. The author himself is a very efficient hunter.

. worked in a bank . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. worked for a slave-owner
. was unemployed most of the time 15. Most American hunters are overweight gentlemen we11
D. did 11 sorts of odd jobs equipped with whisky and powerful rifles, who shoot at
anything that moves or looks as though it might.
9. His first success came when he . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. went to college
. won a reputation as a lawyer
. opened a shop
D. worked as postmaster
PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
10. His ambition drove him to
. become a lawyer Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
. become a candidate for mayor follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
. become a politician or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
D. win the presidential election
Teenagers and Booze
America's young l have found a potent, sometimes
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about hunting addictive, and 1ega1 drug. 1t's ll alcohol.
in America from `Travels with Charlie by John Steinbeck. Be- Drinking is nothing new for teenagers. 1n fact, it's a kind of
fore you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. ritual of youth. 1n recent years, however, a great many youngsters
Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look at the questions from 11 walks of life have turned to drugs like marijuana, heroin,
and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. and barbiturates. Reports coming in now from schools and national
When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer studies te11 us that there's a change occurring. The newest way
sheet, choosing among A, B or .
34 the questions on your answer for kids to turn on is and 1 way with alcohol. 35

Listen to these words of a high-school senior in Brooklyn
as told to a reporter from Newsweek magazine: " 1ot of us used
to smoke pot, but we gave that up a year or two ago. Now my
friends and 1 drink a 1ot... and in my book, a high is a high".
Why are youngsters rediscovering booze? One reason is
pressure from other kids to be one of the gang. Another is the
ever-present urge to act grown-up. For some, it eases the burden
of pro ems at home or at school. And it's cheaper...
Perhaps the main reason is that parents don't seem to
mind. They tolerate drinking sometimes almost seem to encour-
age it. 1n part this may be due to the fact that parents themselves
drink; in part it's because they're relieved to find that their children
are "only drinking, and are not involved with pot, LSD, or other
drugs.
What these parents may not realize is that alcohol is also
a drug, and a potentially dangerous one. Furthermore, few are
aware just how young the drinkers are these days. The National
Council on Alcoholism reports that the age of the youngest alcohol-
ics brought to its attention dropped from fourteen to twelve. Other
studies have found that three fourths of senior-high students have
used alcohol an increase of 90 per cent in three years. And 56
per cent of junior-high students have tried alcohol.
The Medical Council on Alcoholism warns: The potential
teenage drinking r should give far more cause for alarm
than drug addiction. Many schools have reacted to teenage drinking.
They've started alcohol-education programs. But a 1ot of experts feel
that teenagers are not going to stop drinking until adults do.
16. Alcohol is a potent and potentially addictive drug.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
17. Teenagers have started drinking only recently.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
18. Teenagers drink because alcohol seems to ease the burden
of both family and school pro ems.
. Fa1se . No information in the text
. True
19. Parents have turned to the National Council on Alcoholism
for help to l with their children's drinking problem.
36 . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1 1
20. Few adults are aware of the fact that when they drink,
they're setting an l for their children.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Hammering Crime from Cloud 9
Upon 1 Nine, about 20 Angels are gathered, listening
as one of their leaders inspires them for the challenges ahead.
"This is `Do it right!" he shouts. "Go in, grab them, grab the drugs
and get the he11 out". The shouter is Richie Dominique, 33, assault
team leader and financial director for the Guardian Angels, with
whom he has served since the group was founded in New York
in 1999. Another Ange1, William Diaz, 25, takes over. "Our margin
for error is zero", he ye11s. "We have to be perfect. 1f not, we wi11
be having our fifth Guardian Ange1's funeral". His voice echoes
through the unfurnished room, named 1 Nine because it is
on the 14'h floor of an industrial building in Midtown Manhattan. 1t
is high above a street-1eve1 Angels' headquarters ll Bat Cave.
"Remember, we are Guardian Angels, we are crime fighters. But
bullets do not bounce off our chests".
These Angels wi11 soon embark on the group's latest and
riskiest activity: raiding drug-dealing houses in some of the worst
areas of the city. Without bulletproof vests, or guns, these unarmed
young volunteers wi11 l from the back of a truck and thunder
into abandoned buildings to oust out drug-users and dealers. The
Angels began as an anticrime patrol in the New York subways. 1n
2008 the group, in their trademark red berets and white T-shirts,
began operating above-ground in New York and many other cities,
battling drug-dealing and other crime generated by the epidemic
of crack cocaine.
21. The Guardian Angels are a group of volunteers who fight
crime.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
22. 'The room in which the Angels gather is ll ` 1 Nine'
because it's high above the street 1eve1.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text 37

23. `Our margin for error is zero means that there is no prob-
1 if they make a mistake.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
24. The Guardian Angels were awarded a special prize by the
City Council.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
25. The Angels have no bulletproof vests or guns and are
recognized by the red berets and white T-shirts they 1-
ways wear.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
, C or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Dark Secrets
By the time 1 got home that evening, Matt had 1eft for a
school dance. 1 joined Grandmother in the library, eager to te11
her what and who 1 had seen in town. But she responded so
negatively to the first few things 1 told her, 1 gave up we11 before
1 got to the stranger Mrs. Ri1ey.
1 crawled into bed that night exhausted. Even so, 1 tossed
and turned. The ta11 clock on the stair landing chimed every quarter
hour, telling me the amount of rest 1 didn't get. A l front was
passing through. 1t rattled shutters and windowpanes and sent
wind diving down the house's chimneys. My bedroom door shook
so hard it sounded as if someone was trying to get in. 1 got up
and latched it firmly. Finally 1 drifted into sleep.
1t was some time later, when the rough weather had settled
down to an eerie silence, that 1 again became aware of my sur-
roundings. The voice awakened me.
My name is Avri1".
eyes flew open and 1 glanced around the room. The
whisper lacked the warmth of a human voice. 1 wasn't sure if it
was inside my head or out. 1 1 as sti11 as possi e, listening,
38 skin prickling.
s 1
1 sat up and ll the quilt around me. My skin felt as
if it were crawling off bones. "Who's there?'
Silence.
1 gazed at the bedroom door, waiting for something to
happen, the knob to turn, to hear the whisper again. My breath
felt trapped inside my chest, my heart pounded in my ears.
Youve got a choice, 1 told myself. You can cower here for
the rest of the night, or you can prove that it was nothing but a
voice in a dream, your imagination plying tricks.
1 climbed out of bed, then tiptoed to the door. Taking a
deep breath, 1 cracked it slowly, then yanked it wide open.
No one. Nothing. Just the tick tock tick of the big clock. 1
walked quietly into the ha11. The clock's white face showed a few
minutes after one.
26. The girl (the author) didn't te11 her grandmother what and
whom she had seen in town because
. Mat had 1eft for a school dance and could not hear.
. Grandmother was reading in the library.
. Grandmother showed her unwillingness to listen.
D. she didn't know how to te11 Grandmother about Mrs. Ri1ey.
27. The girl l not fa11 asleep because
. she was too exhausted.
. the ta11 clock in the ha11 chimed every quarter hour.
. a l front was passing through.
D. she feared something she l not clearly define.
28. The girl was frightened and her skin felt as if it were
crawling off her bones because
. she heard a whisper lacking the warmth of a human voice.
. of the rattling shutters and windowpanes.
. the bedroom door shook hard.
D. she thought someone was trying to get into her room.
29. The girl 1 as sti11 as possi e because
. she thought there was a ghost on the landing.
. she feared the weather.
. she was 1 .
D. she didn't want Grandmother to know what was going on. 39
 9'cxI 1

30. The girl climbed out of bed and opened the door to
. show she was not afraid.
. to prove to herself that it was nothing but her imagination
playing tricks.
. see what time the clock in the ha11 showed.
D. go to Grandmother's bedroom.
PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
Section One: 1 Test
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each
numbered gap choose the letter( , B, C or D) of the word or
phrase that best suits the gap, marking your answers on your
answer sheet.
special equipment (home kits) for carrying out experiments.
Personal contact between students and lecturers is estab-
lished during summer courses lasting about two weeks at a normal
university or college. Each student also has the (37)
11 year round to visit a 1 1 study centre, of which there are
about two hundred 11 over the country. Here, he or she can work
with other students under the (38) of a tutor. With
this type of organisation, the Open University needs few buildings
and 1ittle apparatus as it uses existing (39) in other
universities during the summer vacation.
The Open University has (40) adhered to
the principle of offering (41) education to l of
11 ages and walks of life and they have eagerly grasped this
opportunity. They (42) from workers who 1eft school
at sixteen to professional l working for further qualification
such as a , an or even a PhD. And now, after its thirtieth
anniversary, its influence is spreading throughout the EU and to
other countries.

31. . effected . helped

The Open University
. affected D. ruined
1n 1971, an educational experiment began in Milton Keynes,
England, which has since (31) the lives of thousand
32. . assure . provide
of l in Britain. This was the start of the Open University.
. give D. supply
The aim of the Open University is to (32) degree
courses (including doctorates) for anyone, (33) previ-
33. . nevertheless . despite
ous qualifications.
. in spite of D. regardless of
The Open University devotes itself almost entirely to teach-
ing by correspondence, providing specially-written textbooks, radio
34. . sights . glimpses
and TV broadcasts and computer software. The university authori-
. glances D. sighting
ties work closely with the BBC in planning broadcasts. 1n fact, the
TV screen is in some ways superior to a lecture-room, allowing
of work in 35. . in another way . else
close-ups of experiments and providing (34)
be availa e to . anyway D. othen ise
research centres, which might not (35)
students. Students receive weekly correspondence of programmed
36. . fu11 . finished
explanations and exercises as we11 as booklists (36)
with the names and addresses of bookshops where the books can . done D. complete
be bought. The books are cheap, because pu ishers can mass-
produce copies for the Open University which usually se11 we11 and 37. . option . opportunity
40 which sometimes become best-sellers. Science students are lent . possibility D. occasion 41
 Test 1

38. . recommendations . suggestions 47. 1f we had known your new address, we to see
. guidance D. advice you.
. . wi11 come . would come D. would have come
39. . rooms . services
. options D. facilities 48. 'Do 1 have to take that French course?' `No, you
. haven't . don't have . mustn't D. needn't
40. . steadily . predicta y
. consistently D. regularly 49. Youd go to the dentist's before your toothache
gets worse.
41. . supplementary . further . better . ought . ought to D. rather
. additional D. extra
50. 1f only she told us the truth, things wouldn't have
42. . range . extend gone wrong.
. cover D. stretch . had . has . should have D. would have

43. The new factory must be finished as the profit-

ability of the company depends on it.
. on time . in times . at time D. for a time
Section Three: Sentence Transformations
44. 1t was difficult to a date which was convenient
for everyone. Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers complete the
. elect . organize . set D. provide second sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to
the first one.
45. retired early of i11-health.
. ahead . on behalf . in view D. on account
51. 1 haven't enjoyed myself so for years.
1t's years

52. 1' sorry that 1 didn't finish my homework last night.

1 wish
Section Two: Sentence Completion
53. Somebody repaired her car yesterday.
Her car
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A,
, C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, 54. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his
marking your answers on your answer sheet. JOb.
1 spite of
46. The train v 11 be leaving in five minutes so you better
hurry up. 55. When 1 lived in France 1 didn't speak English very often.
42 . should . had . wi11 D. would When 1 lived in France 1 hardly . 43
 56. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
Apples are usually not
57. We coudln't drive because of the fog.
The fog prevented
58. We didn't go, because it rained.
1f it hadn't
59. She had never been so happy before.
She was happier
60. No, please don't te11 him.
1' rather
PART FOUR: WRITING
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a -
position in standard English of about 1 0-170 words on ONE of
the following topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the
sheet.
1. 11 over the world lotteries create new millionaires every
week. What is it actually like to wake up one day with
money than you can imagine? What advice would
you give someone who has won a 1ot of money?
2. Do you think the future wi11 be good? What makes you
think so?
Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composi-
tion is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it
wi11 get 0 points.
44
TEST 2
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about the impor-
tance of hard work. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes
to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can
look at the questions and the suggested choices, but you are not
allowed to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4
minutes to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing
among A, B or . Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have
1 minute to check your answers.
1. Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in California.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
2. Schwarzenegger films don't attract great audiences.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. 1n Schwarzenegger's opinion to succeed one needs hard
work, lots of discipline and positive thinking.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
4. Schwarzenegger gives away 11 the money he earns.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
5. 1t isn't the most talented who rise to the top in any field
but those who work the hardest.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about a ind man
who has overcome his physical deficiency. Before you listen to
it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listening for
the first time, you can look at the questions and the suggested
choices, but you are not allowed fo take notes. When you hear the
whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your
answer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear
the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers. 45
 s 2

. Te chairman of the company to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among ,
. wanted the author to get the backlog of work done. or . Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute
. told the author to go on putting in seven-day weeks. to check your answers.
. wanted the author to accompany an important Chinese busi-
nessman to tourist sites in Thailand. 11. The Phoenician name of the volcano meant `furnace'
D. told the author to take away the stacks of papers testifying to . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
a huge accumulation of neglected work.
12. Some ancients believed the volcano was the home of the
7. The author was angry at the last minute assignment his one-eyed monster Cyclops.
boss gave him because he . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. didn't like visiting tourist sites.
. didn't know the man he was going to accompany. 13. 50 000 years ago Etna was highly explosive.
. hated travelling. . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
D. had a 1ot of work to do.
14. Fifteen thousand years ago an eruption caused a landslide
8. The Chinese and the author that 1eft a large depression known as Va11ey of the Ox.
. were annoyed with the crowds of tourists. . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. spent the day visiting attractions.
. felt disdain for the tourists overloaded with cameras and souvenirs. 15. 1talians fear that Etna might erupt again soon.
D. met l the next morning at the airport. . True . Fa1se . No information in the text

9. The Belgian held his head motionless at an odd angle

because
. he was meditating.
. it was more convenient for him.
. he had a headache.
D. he was ind.
10. The ind man
. found it difficult to travel alone
. had mastered the ski11 of sightless tourism
. was sti11 learning to use his remaining four senses to make up
for his indness.
D. had no hope he would ever be to create pictures in his mind.
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about a volcano
in 1ta1y. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the
questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, can look at the
questions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to
46 take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes
PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the text be/ow. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Our Pursuit of Happiness
We chase after it, when it is waiting /1 about us
"Are you happy?" 1 asked my brother, 1an, one day. "Yes. No.
1t depends what you mean," he said.
"Then te11 me, 1 said, "when was the last time you think you
were happy?"
"Apri1 2007," he said.
1t served me right for putting a serious question to someone who
has joked his way through 1ife. But 1an's answer reminded me that
when we think about happiness, we usually think of something 47

extraordinary, a pinnacle of sheer delight and those pinnacles
seem to get rarer the older we get.
For a child, happiness has a magical quality. 1 remember
making hide-outs in newly cut hay, playing cops and robbers in the
woods, getting a speaking part in the school 1 . Of course, kids
also experience 1ows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure
as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
1n the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.
Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, 1ove,
popularity and whether that spot wi11 clear up before prom night. 1
can sti11 feel the agony of not being invited to a party that almost
everyone else was going to. But 1 also recall the ecstasy of being
plucked from obscurity at another event to dance with a John
Travolta look-alike.
1n adulthood the things that bring profound joy birth, 1ove,
marriage also bring responsibility and the risk of 1oss. Love may not
1ast, sex isn't always good, loved ones die. For adults, happiness
is complicated.
dictionary defines happy as "lucky" or "fortunate," but 1 think
a better definition of happiness is "the capacity for enjoyment." The
more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. 1t's easy
to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the
company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even
good health.
16. 1an had never been happy after Apri1 2007.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
17. l usually associate happiness with the highest 1evels a dollhouse that was a miniature of Grandmother's house.
of absolute delight.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
18. The concept of happiness doesn't change over the years.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
19. The author thinks we should disregard the risk of 1oss.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
20. The author is positive that happiness is the capacity to
enjoy what we have.
4 . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1bs1 2
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
, or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Legacy of Lies
When the kitchen was cleaned up, Grandmother told me
it was her custom to read in the evening. 1 l sit in the library
with her, as long as 1 did not talk or listen to music. Her invitation
didn't give me warm and cozy feelings. And 1 doubted she' ap-
prove of the book 1' picked up at the airport: the cover showed
a woman with a torn dress and half-bared breasts running from
a big house on a stormy night.
As it turned out, sitting inside a cozy circle of 1amplight
on the high four-poster bed, with the dense night falling around
Grandmother's house, was the perfect way to read a gothic
romance. When 1 heard Grandmother come up, 1 changed into
nightgown but kept turning pages. The face of the deranged
housekeeper started to look Nancy's and the warm-hearted cook
spoke with her voice. The story melted into the events of the day
and my eyes closed.
Two hours later 1 sat straight up, knocking my book off
the bed.
1 had been dreaming about the house again, playing in the
same cozy room with the sloped ceiling and sma11 windows. But
1 dream had become so clear, so rea1, 1 l hardly believe
1 was awake in a different room. 1n the dream 1 had a new toy:
1 threw back the quilt and slid off the edge of the bed.
The night was brighter than when 1' fallen asleep, the air colder.
1 ll a sweatshirt on over my nightgown, then stood at the
window that looked down on the herb garden. The late-rising moon
silvered the roofs of the back wing and the shiny tin over the
kitchen porch. Was my playroom in the back wing? Was it real?
1 snatched up my purse and dug for my key chain. 1t had
a penlight which, with the moonlight, was bright enough to show
the way. 1 eased open the bedroom door. The ha11 was 1it
dimly by a l on a side t . 11 the doors were shut, just as
they had been earlier in the day.
1 glanced back at my alarm clock. 1 doubted Matt would be 49

home before the curfew. 1 slipped down the wide stai ay, hurrying
past the grandfather clock. 1n the shadows it seemed like another
person, standing stiff and ta11 on the landing, watching me with
disapproval. Just as 1 reached the bottom of the steps, it began
its long to11 of twelve.
21. The girl didn't stay in the library with her grandmother
because
. her dress was torn.
. she wanted to listen to music.
. her grandmother was unwilling to have her there.
D. she wasn't invited.
22. On the high four-poster bed in her bedroom the girl
. was waiting for night to fa11 around.
. was sitting in her clothes.
. was reading a horror story.
D. dreamed about the characters in her book.
23. When she woke up two hours later, the girl
. decided to go to the cozy room with the sloped ceiling and
sma11 windows.
. l hardly believe she was awake in a different room.
. remembered the dollhouse she once had which was a miniature
of her grandmother's house.
D. was shivering with 1 .
24. When she slid off the bed
. it was already morning.
. there was no moon and it was very dark in the garden.
. the girl realized that her l was in the back wing.
D. the roofs of the back wing and the tin over the kitchen porch
were silvered by moonlight.
25. The girl took her key chain from her bag because
. it had a penlight.
. she wanted to lock the door.
. she was going to unlock 11 the doors opening into the ha11.
50 D. she was afraid somebody might take it.
cst 2
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Stress-Proof Your Home
Jane Jasper, a veteran buyer of flea-market treasures, -
cumulated so many possessions that she had no l to display
or store them. So she piled them sti11 in boxes in her living
room with just enough space between them for a path. "1t felt
lousy to live that way," she admits. "Just looking around at 11 my
stuff made me feel stressed."
Eventually Jasper's stress outweighed her pleasure in
shopping, so she got rid of the clutter. And the ultimate mark
of her reform is that she has become a professional organizing
consultant in Jersey City, N.J., helping others make their homes
serene. " l tend to underestimate how much clutter contributes
to their stress," she says.
Unfortunately clutter is not the only source of stress that
make a house anything but the haven it ought to be. Ringing
phones and l TV sets, for instance, can disrupt peace, as can
conflicting demands of career, homemaking and parenting. "With so
much change and conflict and striving to meet challenges, stress
inevita y gets into the house," says 1 Pickhard, a psychologist
in Austin, Texas.
Though a certain amount of stress may be inevita e, its
causes can and should be controlled.
26. Jane Jasper has always been unwilling to part with her
treasures.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
27. `Clutter' means ` 1ot of unnecessary things in an untidy
state'.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
28. The most convincing evidence that Jane had overcome her
obsession with shopping was her decision to help others
make their home stress-free.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
51
 est 2

29. Clutter is the greatest source of stress in a house. mon by various nations, but with different meanings. 1f a person
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text (37) the side of his or her head, he or she may mean
that you are intelligent or plain si11y! 1f l shake their head
30. Striving to meet challenges makes it easier for l to horizontally from side to side, this usually (38) "no".
overcome stress. However, in Greece, a very similar gesture means "yes" and can
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text easily l to misunderstandings.
A British anthropologist, Desmond Morris, examined the use
of twenty gestures in forty places in Europe. One of these was
the "head toss". The head is tossed quickly (39) and
backward, often with the eyes closed, then lowered more slowly.
His data shows that l in some parts of Europe do not use
this gesture at a1t; some l in other parts use it to mean "yes"
and in sti11 other areas the gesture has other meanings. British,
PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH German or Scandinavian holidaymakers in 1ta1y are sometimes very
(40) and even offended by this gesture, imagining the
Section One: 1 Test other person to mean that he or she is superior. Being a time of
extensive travel, l 11 over the world must try and keep an
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each
numbered gap choose the Ietter(A, B, C or D) of the word or open mind (41) these matters. They must learn that
phrase that best suits the gap, marking your answers on your communicative behaviour is culturebound.
answer sheet.

31. . portion . share

Communicating . divide D. split
The English word "communicate" means "give" or (31)
" usually information and ideas. We may - 32. . tempt . win over
nicate to cooperate with others, to attract them, (32) . persuade D. coax
them, organise them or control them. Our main means of -
municating is of course the spoken and written word, and most 33. . predominantly . primarily
l would accept that it is (33) the word's function . firstly D. principally
to communicate ideas. But a surprising fact is that some experts
believe that we communicate as many as 65% of our ideas and 34. . influenced . controlled
feelings without words and that we are very (34) by . mastered D. affected
l 's nonverbal behaviour. What is meant by this? We11, our
physical (35) , the movements and gestures we make, 35. . sem ance . impression
how near we stand to each other or whether we touch each other . air D. appearance
11 these are part of communicating.
Some nonverbal behaviour, for example, smiling, laughing, 36. . proba y . 1ikely
crying and showing fear, is similar 11 over the world, but some is . never D. eagerly
not. Most people would (36) agree that the English
do not use so many gestures and speak slower than Southern 37. . knocks . taps
52 Europeans. On the other hand, some gestures are used in com- . raps D. strikes 53
 Tcst 2

38. . designates . implies 47. The standard of living quite a 1ot in most countries
. indicates D. means over the past twenty years.
. rose . had raised . has risen D. raised
39. . up . on the rise
. upward D. relating 48. 1 can't make out what he : it's so dark down there.
. was doing . does . is doing D. wi11 be doing
40. . distracted . bothered
. disturbed D. harassed 49. When we came back from holiday our suitcases
by the Customs Officers.
41. . regarding . respecting . would be examined . had been examined
. regardless D. relating . are examined D. were examined

50. The chief of police said that he no connection

42. me to buy my air ticket immediately or it would between the two murders.
be too expensive. . sees . has seen . saw D. would see
. convinced . insisted . advised D. suggested

43. 1f it would stop raining for a morning, we l

cut the grass.
. ever . just . even D. only Section Three: Sentence Transformations

44. There was nothing they could do leave the car at

the roadside where it had broken down. Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers complete the
. than . unless . instead of D. but second sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to
the first one.
45. Some drivers, after , annoy their fellow-motorists
by slowing down again immediately. 51. The guide took us round the l .
. passing by . overtaking . taking over D. passing along We

52. Since my last visit, they have redecorated the house.

Since my last visit, the house

Section Two: Sentence Completion 53. How many survivors are there?'
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A, The journalist wanted to know
, C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning,
marking your answers on your answer sheet. 54. After fighting the fire for twelve hours the firemen suc-
in putting it out.
The firemen managed
46. She complained bitterly when she understood that she
to work on Sunday. 55. 1 don't think 11 go on Sunday.
54 A. would have . has . has had D. had had 1 doubt 55
56. 1 would like you to help me to do the washing up. TEST 3
Do you mind

57. would prefer you to pay him immediately.

Hed rather PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

58. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough

money. Directions: You wi11 heartwice some information aboutthe attitude to
1f we immigrants in America. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes
to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look
59. started working with this company six years ago. at the questions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed
He has to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to
answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B, C
60. What a pity you failed your driving test! or D. Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check
1 wish your answers.

1. Americans like immigrants as individuals.

. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

2. A Newsweek survey showed that the i seems to approve

of immigration in general.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
PART FOUR: WRITING
3. A Wal1 Street Journal reader complains that America has been
flooded with millions of uneducated immigrants.
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a -
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
position in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of
the following topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the
4. American borders are policed against illegal immigrants.
sheet.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1. What advice would you give somebody coming to tour
5. 's immigrants don't contribute positively the way one-
Bulgaria for about 20 days?
time immigrants did.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
2. 1n your opinion, what is the ideal holiday? Why?

Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composi-

Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about a way to in-
tion is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it
vest one's money. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to
wi11 get 0 points.
read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look at
the questions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to 57
 1 3

take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to 12. Dogs are said
answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . to warn their owners of robberies
. Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check . to notice the visi e symptoms of a seizure
your answers. . to be to predict earthquakes
D. to have saved a 1ot of l from fires

6. Anne Scheiber lived alone in a run-down studio apartment. 13. The author likes dogs because
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text . they are good companions
. they always react adequately
7. She used $50 000 out of her savings to make a $20- l n . they boost our self-esteem
fortune. D. they forget wrongs easily
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
14. The author also likes
8. Anne Scheiber 1eft 11 her money to her ex-employer, the lnter- . the scruffy feel of the dog
na1 Revenue Service. . the way dogs lick ice-cream
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text . dogs that don't bark
D. to watch dogs showing their joy
9. She had a 1aw degree but the lnternal Revenue Service never
promoted her. 15. Through the ages dogs
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text . have never shared their master's 1ot
. haven't been used to sniff out bombs
10. A 1ot of l followed Anne's investment guidelines and . have shown impressive 1oyalty
achieved amazing success. D. have never collared criminals
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about dogs. Before
you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listen-
ing for the first time, you can look at the questions and the suggested
choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. VVhen you hear the
whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your an-
swer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi1/ hear the text
again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
11. Today dogs
. hide Frisbees
. chase ba11s
. sing along with their owners
58 D. gaze up at the stars
PART TWO: READING GOMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question among A, B or C, mark-
ing your answers on your answer sheet.
Computer future
Computer technology has developed unbelieva y quickly.
Fifty years ago a simple computer filled a room, l l be oper-
ated by experts and sometimes made mistakes. Now, with microelec-
tronics, computers can store vast amounts of information in a sma11
area.
Theyre no longer just super adding machines they're a vital
part of business, science and industry. The latest computers are even 59

becoming more intelligent than the scientists who make them. lmpos-
si e? We11, in Japan and America there are computers which can di-
agnose illness more accurately than a doctor, write stories and even
design other computers. 1n a recent TV programme, one computer
scientist predicted that computers in the future wi11 be so much more
intelligent than us that they wi11 take over and keep us as pets.
But until that happens, computer scientists are sti11 in control
of their computers. Recently, the Sunday Times newspaper had a
competition to find the Young Computer Brain of the Year. Students
up to the age of 18 were asked to write computer programs which
would help society. Fifteen-year-o1d Derek Reynolds from Newcastle
won the competition.
Derek spends most of his free time programming computers
and says: "1 decided to write a program which would help disa ed
l to use computers." He designed a simplified keyboard with just
two keys. One is round, the other square. By pushing the round key
the user can choose which answer he or she wants, and by pushing
the square key the choice is entered into the computer. 1f it is correct, a
smiling face appears on the screen, but if the user chooses the wrong
answer, a crying face appears. Derek's idea is simple and very practi-
1.
Other entries included a computerized identikit program for
the police. Thirteen-year-o1d Rachel Gooberman's idea was to store
thousands of possi e noses, mouths, chins, eyes, etc. in a computer,
then use them to help in the identification of criminals.
The judges in the Young Computer Brain of the Year competi-
tion were impressed with the hundreds of excellent programs they
received. And the prizes for the competition winners? computers, of
course.
16. Fifty years ago computers were huge and l only be oper-
ated by experts.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
17. Not even the latest computers are as intelligent as the scien-
tists who make them.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
18. Some computers can diagnose illness more accurately than
a doctor.
60 . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
t 3
19. A fifteen-year-o1d wrote a computer programme which would
help disa ed l use computers.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
20. The police rely only on a computerized identikit programme
to identify criminals.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question among A, B or C, mark-
ing your answers on your answer sheet.
Key to the Door
A large atlas was opened at a of the world, surrounded
by dictionaries and foreign language books the only section of the
shop that interested him. He went in, and told a brown-dressed girl by
the cash-desk that he wanted to buy The Count of Monte Cristo, start-
to explain the simple financial system into which he had entered.
She left him standing with four pink receipts and the final six-
pence, and came back with the manager. "1 know him," he said. " 's
a customer of ours." He tarned to Brian, took the receipts and money
and spread them on the cash-desk. "The CountofMonte Cristo, wasn't
it? Go and get it for him, wi11 you? The book came, and he had only
time to glimpse at the picture-cover of a man holding a sword before it
was taken away and wrapped up.
opened the packet outside, flipped the hundreds of pages
through his fingers, from cover to cover and back again. A posh wom-
an's voice said from behind: Youre going to be busy, aren't you? He
turned and said yes, ran his eyes up and down the formida e list of
chapter titles. No one was home, and he sat by the fire to read. The
room had been scrubbed and the t cleared, and in the congenial
emptiness he sped on through the easy prose of the story, had reached
Edmond Dants betrothal ceremony before his parents came in. They
took off their coats.
"That looks like a nice book," his mother said.
"Where did you get it from?"
"1 bought it from downtown."
"Who gave you 11 that money?" his father put in.
"1t must have cost a pretty penny," his mother said, spreading
the cloth for tea.
"Nobody gave me the money," Brian told them, closing the 61
 book carefully. "1 saved it up.
claimed.
lrritation into his mother's voice: "How much was it?"
"Ha1f a crown."
youve wasted half a crown on a book?" his father -
Hed imagined theyd be pleased at his cleverness in bringing
such a thing into the house, but it was the opposite. 1t was as though
hed been split in half and was eeding to death. 11 for a book. "1t was
," he cried, anguished and bitter, because instead of buying
the book he should have given the money to them.
21. The boy was interested only in foreign language books.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
22. The boy paid a sixpence for `The Count of Monte Cristo'.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
23. The book he bought was in French.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
24. His mother was pleased at his buying the book.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
25. His father was mad at his wasting' money on a book.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question among A, B or C, mark-
ing your answers on your answer sheet.
Protection from Chi1d Abusers
Newspapers recently have carried stories of child abusers re-
ceiving light sentences. Sympathy, understanding, and mercy should
certainly be elements of consideration for any judge. But the overrid-
ing consideration should be the safety of society, especially infants
and toddlers, who are poorly equipped to defend themselves. Respon-
si e citizens should begin pressing judges and legislators to maintain
sentencing that take into account the next potential victim of the child
abuser.
Many child abusers may be getting off too lightly in our courts.
62 Two recent press accounts suggest that that is the case. 1n Los An-
1 geles, a man and wife were sentenced to three years probation after
they were convicted of killing their fifteen-month-o1d daughter by soak-
ing the nipple of her bottle in a heroin substitute in order to pacify her.
1n Chicago, a judge dropped child neglect charges against a woman
whose infant son was kidnapped and murdered after she 1eft him
alone while she went out to a bar with friends. The judge said she had
suffered enough.
These sentences strike me as too lenient because the judge
ignored the possi e consequences for society. According to the press
accounts, the judge in Los Angeles noted that both parents were her-
oin addicts and were under the influence of drugs when they adminis-
tered the heroin substitute to their child. The judge considered this a
key point in their defense of "diminished responsibility". 1n the case of
the Chicago mother, 1 can sympathize with the mother's suffering, but
1 fail to see why the judge did nothing to prevent her from further child
neglect.
Because of such judicial failures to protect society, we should
promote guidelines for sentencing child abusers. Judges should do
their best to ensure that those who have physically abused not just
neglected children do not get a second chance, at least not with their
own children. The guidelines should include such options as impris-
onment for life for the murders and long sentences for other violent
abusers.
1 am not so much concerned with the specific form of punish-
ment. 1 only urge that some forms of sentencing be worked out that
ensure far better security for children than was provided in the two
instances discussed above.
26. 1n a case of child abuse the overriding consideration for any
judge should be
. sympathy
. understanding
. the safety of society
D. mercy
27. Responsi e citizens should
. also show sympathy and understanding
. begin pressing judges and legislators for adequate sentences for
child abuse
. look we11 after infants and toddlers
D. turn to the media with information about child abusers receiving
light sentences 63

28. The two quoted drastic examples of lenient sentences for
child abuse
. strike the author as ignoring the possi e consequences for society
. rouse the author's indignation because the abusers were the chil-
dren's parents
. actually prove that the judges disregarded the key point in the
abuser's defense of diminished responsibility
D. drew the author's attention because they had had press coverage
29. 1n the author's opinion
. such judicial failures make it difficult to protect society from child
abuse
. society should promote guidelines for sentencing child abusers
. judges should sentence abusers only for physical abuse
D. neglected children should get a second chance
30. The guidelines for sentencing child abusers should
. give abusers a second chance
. not be concerned with ensuring better security in society in general
. be lenient to violent abusers who haven't committed murder
D. include imprisonment for life for the murders
PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
Section One: C1oze Test
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each num-
bered gap choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or phrase that
best suits the gap, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
The Modern European
With the start of the new millennium, when even more (31)
barriers wi11 fa11 throughout Europe, great changes are
to be expected. One of these wi11 concern l 's attitudes towards 32.
language learning. At the moment, there is a (32) of
language learning. 1 11 speaking, "the Eurocrat of 2000+" wi11 be
like a Swiss speaking at least three languages, that is his or her
_ 64 mother tongue, English and one other foreign language.
- I
1'cs1 3
Bowing to feelings of national pride, the EU can (33)
more than ten official languages. But to limit its cost
the EU (34) most of its business in three working 1an-
guages: English, French and German. And in practice, English is the
language of choice in commerce, science, technology, advertising
and i relations.
However, there are (35) reasons for executives
and salesmen to be multilingual. For example, in a business deal, a
German speaking English has a (36) advantage over
an Englishman who does not speak German. Faced with ever in-
creasing economic competition within the EU, even the British are
becoming (37) of the fact that foreign languages are
vital to them. As a result, language schools are opening up 11 over
Britain, and in Europe as a whole, a we11-known language school has
its teaching (38) the last five years.
The British have been (39) for their lack of in-
terest in foreign languages, but now the advent of globalisation and
increased foreign trade seem to be eroding Britain's insularity. Britain
can no longer afford to lose touch with this development and chang-
es in the school curriculum have now made it (40) for
British schoolchildren to learn at least one foreign language up to
the age of sixteen. 1n other words, the British are bowing to the inevi-
t .
An additional question is how Europe's languages wi11 fare
in an expanding EU. Some experts (41) the day when
a Europeanised form of English perhaps we could 11 it "Euro1-
ish" wi11 become the common language in Europe. The smaller
languages would then fa11 into disuse. Other linguists see a danger
of a regionalisation of European languages and cultures with some
languages being restricted to rural areas. Yet others maintain that by
(42) more than ten official languages, the EU may have
stopped the decline of smaller languages.
31. . interest . concern
. review D. examine
. increase B.abundance
. proliferation D. multiplication
33. A.possess . offer
. have D. boast 65
 s Z

34. . conducts . organizes Section Two: Sentence Completion

. directs D. controls
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A, B,
35. . compelling . credi e C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, marking
. irresisti e D. powerful your answers on your answer sheet.

36. . prominent . distinct

46. 1 can't find the scissors. They be in the top drawer.
. unmistaka e D. visi e . must . should . have to D. have got to

37. . sure . ll 47. They told me the 2 oclock flight to Paris was fu11, but never
. convinced D. satisfied mind, 1 the Channel on the ferry.
. '11 be crossing . crossing . 11 cross D. wi11 have crossed
38. . l . duty
. responsibility C. o igation 48. George the iron for me yet.
. wi11 mend . wi11 be mending
39. . legendary . infamous . has mended D. hasn't mended
. scandalous D. notorious
49. 1've got some news for you Jeremy and 1 the date of
40. . essential . compulsory
our wedding. We are getting married on Ju1y 10th.
. necessary D. required . have fixed . fixed . are going to fix D. wi11 fix

41. A.prophesy B.forecast 50. of us has seen Jane since she failed the exam.
. foresee D. expect . some . nobody . no one D. none

42. . holding on to . possessing

. holding D. retaining
Section Three: Sentence Transformations

Directions: On yoursheet foropen-ended answers complete the second

43. After the party the children were allowed to finish off the
sandwiches and cakes.
. additional . leaving . remaining D. 1eft
sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to the first one.
51. He didn't hurry, so he missed the train.
1f

44. you do better work than this, you won't pass the 52. 1 don't think Jane wi11 agree, said Ann.
. Ann doubted
. Although . 1f . Unless D. When
53. 1 would prefer you to do the shopping immediately.
1' rather
45. Don't worry about trying to catch the last train home, as we
can easily you up for the night.
54. Why don't you ask him yourself?
. take . put . set D. keep
66 1 suggest . 67
 55. You can't visit the United States unless you get a visa. TEST 4
1f you

56. The hairdresser cut my hair last week.

1 PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
57. They haven't cleaned the streets this week. Directions: You will hear twice some information about develop-
The streets ments in transport. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes
to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can
58. 1 advise you to put your money in the bank. look at the questions and the suggested choices, but you are not
Youd allowed to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4
minutes to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing
59. teacher wouldn't 1et me talk in the lesson. among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11
1 was not have 1 minute to check your answers.

60. The metal split in the extreme heat. 1. 1n the 1990s one l get anywhere in no more than 24
The extreme heat hours.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

2. The developments in transport have had hardly any influ-

ence on the way l travel.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
PART FOUR: WRITING
. Better accessibility means less time spent travelling, cheap-
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a composi- er travel and a greater choice of holiday destinations.
tion in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of the follow- . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
ing topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the sheet.
4. Developments in transport have brought only benefits.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1. What do you think is the best age to retire? 1s anyone in your
family retired? Who? How 1 were they when they retired?
5. These days strict legislation measures have been imposed
What do they do now?
to balance the advantages of progress against the disad-
vantages of environmental pollution.
2. Some people think that animals have feelings. What do you
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
think? Give your reasons.

Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composition

is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it wi11 get 0
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about the in-
points.
crease of population worldwide. Before you listen to it, you have
2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time,
68 you can look at the questions and the suggested choices, but you 69

are not allowed to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you
have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your answer sheet,
choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text again
and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
6. The new middle class of 2030
. is on the way of being born
. wi11 change the ways we 11 consume
. wi11 use the natural resources sparingly
D. is 1ikely to consume as much food and energy as the present
middle class does
7. The central challenge for the future of people is
. the number of l inhabiting the Earth
. how to raise more l out of poverty
. how to demolish the slums in De1hi
D. how to ensure enough food for the peasants in Rwanda
8. The Wor1d Bank has predicted that
. by 2030 more than a billion l in the developing world
wi11 belong to the middle class
. there wi11 no longer exist a middle class
. the middle class wi11 number about 400 million the world
over
D. the emerging new middle class wi11 threaten the American way
of living
9. The solution of the environmental r lies in
. ban on eating meat and driving gasoline-powered cars
. keeping the new middle class of 2030 from being born
. changing how we 11 produce and consume food and energy
D. having fewer children
10. Prof. Cohen spent years
. reviewing 11 the research concerning the number of people
the Earth can support
. writing a book about the increase of population worldwide
. describing the present state of knowledge about global -
lation
D. esta ishing the range of politicians intending to persuade l
70 one way or another
Tcst 4
Directions: Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about
King Louis X1V of France. Before you listen to it, have 2
minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time,
you can look at the questions and the suggested choices, but you
are not allowed to take notes. When you hear the whole text, you
have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your answer sheet,
choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text again
and will have 1 minute to check your answers.
11. Louis X1V reigned in France from 1643 until 1715.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
12. The king was popular both in France and in other Euro-
pean countries.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
13. The etiquette practiced at the court of Louis X1V confirmed
the fact that he commanded devoted attention.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
14. Although it may seem ridiculous, the monarch got up every
morning in the presence of the highest aristocracy.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
15. Handing the king his underwear and clothes was considered
humiliating by princes and dukes.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions fhat
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Learn to Live in the Present Moment
a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is
determined by how much we are to live in the present moment. 71

lrrespective of what happened yesterday or last year, and what may or
not happen tomorrow, the present is where you are always!
Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic
art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of
things 11 at once. We a11ow past pro ems and future concerns
to dominate our present moments, so much so that we end up
anxious, frustrated, depressed, and hopeless. On the flip side,
we also postpone our gratification, our stated priorities, and our
happiness, often convincing ourselves that "someday" wi11 be bet-
ter than today. Unfortunately, the same mental dynamics that te11
us to look toward the future wi11 only repeat themselves so that
"someday" never actually arrives. John Lennon once said, "Life
is what's happening while were busy making other plans." When
were busy making "other plans," our children are busy growing
up, the l we love are moving away and dying, our bodies
are getting out of shape, and our dreams are slipping away. 1n
short, we miss out on 1ife.
Sad1y, many of us continually postpone our happiness
indefinitely. 1t's not that we consciously set out to do so, but that
we keep convincing ourselves, "Someday 111 be happy."
Many l live as if life were a drss rehearsal for
some later date. 1t isn't. 1n fact, no one has a guarantee that he
or she wi11 be here tomorrow. Now is the l time we have, and
the only time we have any control over. When our attention is in
the present moment, we push fear from our minds. Fear is the
concern over events that might happen in the future we won't
have enough money, our children wi11 get into trou e, we wi11 get
1 and die, whatever.
16. Our peace of mind depends on
. what may happen tomorrow
. what happened yesterday
. whether we are to live in the present moment
D. what l think about us
17. A 1ot of people
. don't care about what's going on
. spend their lives worrying about past s and future
concerns
. never feel anxiety or frustration
72 D. are never depressed
s ~ J
18. We often
. postpone our satisfaction and happiness.
. don't know what exactly our priorities for the moment are.
. believe that the past was better than the present.
D. have no hope that the future wi11 be better.
19. The same thinking
. te11s us to ignore the present moment.
. makes us doubt if someday we'11 be happy.
. is the reason why we miss out on 1ife.
D. dominates our present moments.
20. Many of us postpone our happiness indefinitely
. and do it consciously.
. because we live as if life were a dress rehearsal for some
later date.
. as we think we have control over the future.
D. because we fear the present.
King John and Magna Carta (1215)
King John (1199-1216) must have seemed like a dictator
to the Englishmen of the time: he interfered with the Church and
with trials in courts, closed large areas of forest so that he l
hunt the deer in them alone, and took more and more taxes from
the barons, the "freemen" and the London merchants. He even
murdered his twelve-year-o1d nephew when he stood in his way.
As king, he wasn't successful either, and his leading barons lost
not only their money but also half of their French lands in the
King's wars in France.
That did it. The chief barons wrote down a list of English
customs which had been kept by the rulers before John and which
the King should follow in future. They forced him to meet them on
an island in the Thames where John had to listen while "Magna
Carta" was read out to him:
1. The King can't take taxes without asking the barons
and the Church first.
2. Freemen must not be punished without a fair trial in
court.
. The Church need not follow the King's orders.
4. Roya1 officials cannot take away the freedom and the
property of freemen and merchants. 73
 Test 4

Angry but helpless, he signed his name. seeing it for rea1. As a 1ittle kid, 1 used to pretend 1 was going
So the monarch was reminded that Parliament ("parleyment" inside the pictures of my books. 1' imagine fairy-tale castles in
is French for "talking-place") wanted to help to rule the country. three dimensions and daydream about living inside them. Among
Not long after John, some common people joined the barons in the photos Unc1e 1 had sent Mom, 1 remembered a picture of
Parliament, which divided into the House of Lords and the House her Barbie 11. 1t was possi e that the dollhouse was in those
of Commons. But over the following centuries, the monarch didn't photos and that 1 had imagined going inside it, until it became a
always listen to Parliament. house in my dreams.
As for the similarity between this room and my dream
room, there were many ways to account for that. The lodge where
21. King John was a dictator who ruled England unjustly and
my family vacationed in Flagstaff had a sloping roof and sma11
cruelly.
windows, and 1' always liked the place. 1 figured that 1' turned
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
it into a playroom inside my dream house.
1 closed the front of the dollhouse and slid it back inside
22. As king he was also a failure and through his wars lost half of
the cupboard. When 1 stood up, 1 noticed a door that might l
his leading barons lands in France.
back to my room by an upstairs route, but l it safe and 1eft
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
the way 1 had come. At the bottom of the narrow stairs 1 clicked
off penlight and walked noiselessly toward the kitchen. After
23. King John wrote down a list of English customs which he
making sure that Matt wasn't having a late-night snack, 1 tiptoed
undertook to follow in the future.
through the kitchen and up the steps connecting the wing to the
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
main house. 1n the back ha11 1 stopped abruptly.
A light in the lower ha11 guided me through the door that
24. King John did observe Magna Carta.
1 into the back ha11. 1 passed the service entrances to the din-
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
ing room and library and tiptoed down the steps to the rear wing.
1 walked through the kitchen and opened a door next to the big
25. Over the centuries 11 English monarchs complied with Parlia-
hearth, then followed a ha11 that ended at a corner stair.
ment.
As 1 reached the stair, the sound of an engine caught my
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
attention. Matt was being dropped off so 1 quickly climbed the
narrow, triangular steps.

Explorations at Night
1 shone the penlight inside the cupboard and my grip tight- 26. lnside the cupboard the girl found a dollhouse which was
ened. There it was, the dollhouse, a tiny version of grandmother's a smaller version of her grandmother's house.
house, accurate down to the sma11 windows in the back wing where . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1 was standing.
1 slid the house out of the cupboard and into a l of 27. As a kid she used to imagine she was going inside the pic-
moonlight, then knelt before it. There were large hinges on the tures of her books.
corners which allowed the entire front to be opened as orte panel. . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
1 gently ll it back. lnside was miniature furniture, replicas of
that in the real house. 28.. The room she was in was very different from her dream
1 sat back on my heels, trying to come up with a reason- room.
74 explanation for dreaming about something 1' never seen, then . True . Fa1se . No information in the text 75
 Te,t 4

29. The girl returned to her room by an upstairs route. There is, in fact, currently some concern about the under-
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text achievement of boys in the school system. An example of this is
the poorer results achieved by boys in English. (38)
30. The house had too many rooms, stairs and ha11s and that are under way to get boys used to reading more which should
frightened the gir1. also help their writing skills.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text However, the fact remains that by the time they are thirteen
or fourteen, young boys are becoming increasingly (39)
from school and have stopped doing homework altogether. One
can only hope that this trend wi11 be reversed in the near future.
Quite (40) the field of education, there are other
striking differences between the genders, for instance concerning
the use of drugs and pain-killers, personal appearance and habits,
PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH and leisure activities. Apparently, girls take far more pain-killers than
boys, while boys are more involved in taking illegal drugs. Gir1s are
Section One: Cloze Test more (41) about weight s than boys, and by
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each the age of fifteen, two-thirds have dieted at least once. Attitudes
numbered gap choose the letter(, B, C or D) of the word or towards grooming and cleanliness also differ. One l is that
phrase that best suits the gap, marking your answers on your girls shower and brush their teeth more (42) than boys.
answer sheet. As far as leisure activities are concerned, boys tend to watch a
1ot of TV, l computer games, and "hang about" in the street,
The Gender Gap whereas girls do homework, or go to parties and discos, and are
A recent review of research has shown that girls schools more 1ikely to have a steady boyfriend at an earlier age.
do we11 in exam league ta es because they have clever pupils, not
(31) because they are single-sex. Other factors, e.g.
social class, (32) and school tradition had a greater 31. . necessarily . automatically
impact than being l or female. 1n general, however, girls spend . inevita y D. definitely
a 1ot of time doing homework (33) the number of 11
teenagers who have stopped doing homework seems to increase 32. . capacity . competence
between the ages of eleven and sixteen, and (34) . ability D. capability
girls do better than boys in examinations whatever the school type.
The same arguments l to teaching boys in separate classes 33. . despite . in spite of
for certain subjects such as maths and physics. . although D. notwithstanding
Parents, however, prefer single-sex education for girls.
They expect single-sex schools to (35) girls to gain 34. . normally . generally
more self-confidence and (36) female role models . habitually D. mainly
in traditionally l subjects. Current research reveals that girls
in single-sex schools have higher self-esteem, rank themselves 35. . n . a11ow
among the high-flyers and make quite different subject choices, . 1et D. qualify
being more (37) to study maths and sciences. Actually,
by the same token, boys in single-sex schools are more 1ikely to 36. . experience . face
76 devote time to studying music and languages. . confront D. encounter 77
 Test 4

37. . possi e . 1ikely 47. 1f we went to the market we find a bargain.

. plausi e D. predicta e . . wi11 . might D. sha11

38. . attempts . ventures 48. The 1aw stated that heavy goods delivery vehicles
. efforts D. endeavours carry loads of more than fifteen tons.
. not . were not allowed to . l D. might
39. . isolated . set against
. alienated D. driven apart from 49. The party, at which 1 the guest of honour, was
extremely enjoya e.
40. . besides . other than . had been . have been . was being D. was
. omitting D. apart from
50. Driving in London supposed to be confusing but
41. . distressed . concerned 1 didn't find it at 11 difficult.
. attentive to D. affected . was being . had been . has been D. is

42. . regularly . constantly

. consistently D. repeatedly
Section Three: Sentence Transformations
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers complete the
43. 1 can't make what's happening. second sentence so that it is as c/ose as possi e in meaning to
. away . out . do D. over the first one.

44. They would go by air than spend a week travel-

ling by train. 51. He took a gun with him because he thought he might see
. always . prefer . rather D. better some deer.
He took a gun with him in case
45. The shops are always of people at Christmas time.
. crowded . busy . stuffed D. fu11 52. `Don't go near the fire, her grandmother said to her.
Her grandmother warned

53. 're the boy who took my bike!' the girl said.
The girl accused me
Section Two: Sentence Completion
54. 1 really think we should buy a new car.
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A, 1 really think it's time we
, C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning,
marking your answers on your answer sheet. 55. He didn't arrive in time to see her.
wasn't early
46. 1 have lived near the railway for so long that 1
accustomed to the noise of the trains. 56. 1' sorry 1 was rude to you yesterday.
7g . grew . had grown . was growing D. have grown 1 apologise for . 7()
57. Today 1'11 use the i transport they're repairing my
car at the garage.
car
58. Although his 1eg was broken he managed to get to the
nearest house.
1n spite of
59. Jane asked if it was the k one or the brown he wanted.
Which one
60. `Why don't you put your luggage on the rack? he asked.
He suggested
PART FOUR: WRITING
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a -
position in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of
the following topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the
sheet.
1. Try to account for the increasing unrest and violence in
our society. You might deal with race riots, disturbances
at sporting events, and demonstrations.
2. 1s censorship ever justified?
Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composi-
tion is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it
wi11 get 0 points.
TEST 5
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Directions: You will hear twice some information about a religious
feast in Ma1ta. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read
the questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look at the
questions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to
take notes. When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes
to answer the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among
, , C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1
minute to check your answers.
1. The festa
. floods the senses with 11 sorts of sensations
. lacks l or sound
. is actually an explosion
D. can never be lived or treasured
2. Beyond the wa11 of sound and colour
. there is no deeper 1eve1 of the festa
. the history of sacrifice and devotion is impossi e to notice
. lies the true festa
D. one discovers a dusty 1 warehouse
3. The 1 warehouse
. was going to be converted into a church
. was being painted
. was actually an art workshop
D. smelled of 11 sorts of herbs
4. Two young men were
. watching the 1 building
. having a rest on a bench
. talking and laughing
D. restoring feast decorations and building new ones
 7 s1 $

5. The artists of the group When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer
. take turns to do restoration work the questions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B or
. work without stopping from the 16th of August to the 15'h of . Then you wil/ hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to
August the following year and that's their commitment check your answers.
. offer Santa Maria a 1ot of gifts
D. celebrate the feast every day of the year 11. Magazines advertising computers sometimes suggest that
computers have human characteristics.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about the early
days of Australia as a British colony. Before you listen to it, you 12. Computer hardware is friendly, clever and intelligent.
have 2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listening for the first . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
time, you can look at the questions and the suggested choices,
but you are not allowed to take notes. When you hear the whole 13. The human characteristics referred to in the adverts are to be
text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your answer found in the software.
sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then you wi11 hear the text . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
14. Ear1y computers, programmed in machine code, l be op-
6. Captain James Cook ll the bay on the east coast of erated by anyone wanting to use a computer for their work.
Australia where he landed Botany Bay because there were . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
a 1ot of beautiful flowers.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text 15. There are l computers which don't need human inter-
ference to perform l tasks.
7. The English started developing their new colony immediately. . True . Fa1se . No information in the text
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

8. During the 18'h century unemployment, poverty and crime were

widely spread in England.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

9. The British colonies in North America were never used as pris-

on colonies. PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
10. Botany Bay was used as a prison colony until the end of the follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
19`" century. or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text

When a Thief Sto1e My Name

Directions: You wi11 hear twice some information about computers. 1 did not know anything about credit-card fraud when my
Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. ordeal began in September 2009. After a leisurely lunch with my
Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look at the questions editor at a restaurant named what else? Lucky's, 1 reached down
82 and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. to retrieve my black leather bag from the floor. 1t was gone. 83

1 felt sick. monetary loss was negligi e, but my life just
about everything that defined me had been in that bag.
editor and 1 hurried back to the office, where 1 imme-
diately ll and cancelled my 15 credit and department store
cards. This was one time 1 l have used a credit-card registry
service. One catl from me would have made 11 the notifications.
Next 1 dashed to my bank and cancelled my ATM card and
checking account. 1 raced to my apartment and had a locksmith
change the lock on my door.
That night 1 got a 11 from a man who said he was phon-
ing from my bank's 24-hour hot 1ine. "We got a report that your
wallet was stolen today," he said. "1n order to issue you with a
new ATM card, we need you to punch your personal identification
number into the telephone."
Skeptical, 1 asked him for a number at which 1 l 11
him back. He told me that was impossi e because he was calling
from a service center. "This is the only way you can get a card
tomorrow," he said.
Convinced he was trying to swindle me, 1 told him the 11
was being traced (it wasn't). He hung up. After a draining day,
filled with a feeling of vulnerability and powerlessness, 1 had a
1ittle victory.
16. The author's ordeal began
. when she wrote an article about credit-card fraud.
. after a lunch with a friend.
. when she realized that 11 her credit and department store
cards had been stolen.
D. when she lost a great sum of money.
17. Back in the office she
. ll a credit card registry service. some of the most important events in my 1ife. 1 became completely
. cancelled 11 her fifteen cards.
. notified her bank.
D. ll the police.
18. Next she
. had her apartment lock changed.
. opened a new bank account.
. moved to another apartment.
84 D. was issued with a new ATM card.
r1 5
19. That night she had a 11 from a man who
. said he had found her wallet.
. told her he was phoning from the police.
. wanted to verify the report about the theft.
D. wanted her to punch her personal identification number into
the telephone.
20. When the author asked the man who called her for a
number at which she l 11 him back he
. told her the 11 was being traced.
. said it was impossi e because he was calling from a service
centre.
. just told her that she had to do it.
D. hung up.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Mystery of the White Gardenia
Every year on my birthday, from the time 1 turned twelve,
a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda. No card
or note came with it. Ca11s to the florist were always in vain it
was a cash purchase. After a while 1 stopped trying to discover
the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady
perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft
pink tissue paper.
One month before my high-school graduation, my father
died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandon-
ment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing
uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior class l and
the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not
hear of my skipping any of those things.
The day before my father died, my mother and 1 had
gone shopping for a dress. Wed found a spectacular one,
with yards and yards of dotted silk in red, white and . 1t made
me feel like Scarlet OHara, but it was the wrong size. When my
father died, 1 forgot about the dress.
mother didn't. The day before the prom, 1 found that dress in 85

the right size draped majestically over the living room sofa. 1t
wasn't just delivered, sti11 in the box. 1t was presented to me
beautifully, artistically, lovingly. 1 didn't care if 1 had a new dress
or not. But my mother did.
She wanted her children to feel loved and 1 v , creative
and imaginative, imbued with a sense that there was magic in the
world and beauty even in the face of adversity.
mother died ten days after 1 was married. 1 was 22.
That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
21. The girl never stopped trying to discover the identity of
the person who sent the 1ovely flower but 11 her attempts
were in vain.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
22. After her father's death a month before her high-school gradua-
tion, she became completely uninterested in the prom.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
23. 1n her deep grief the girl's mother also lost interest in the -
coming graduation.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
24. The girl's mother borrowed money to buy her the prom dress
she had liked so much before her father died.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
25. The author got married at 22, ten days before her mother died,
and that was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that
follow it and choose the best answer to each question among A,
or C, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Surrender to the Fact that Life 1sn't Fair
A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were
having about the injustices of 1ife, asked me the question, "Who
said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be
86 fair?" Her question was a good one. 1t reminded me of something
l' t 5
1 was taught as a youngster: Life isn't fair. lronically, recognizing
this sobering fact can be a very liberating insight.
One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel
sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair,
or that someday it wi11 be. 1t's not and it won't. When we make
this mistake we tend to spend a 1ot of time complaining about
what's wrong with 1ife. We commiserate with others, discussing
the injustices of 1ife. "1t's not fair," we complain, not realizing that,
perhaps, it was never intended to be.
One of the nice things about surrendering to the fact that
life isn't fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by
encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have.
Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for oth-
ers because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different
hand, and everyone has unique strengths and challenges.
The fact that life isn't fair doesn't mean we shouldn't do
everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as
a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we
don't recognize or admit that life isn't fair, we tend to feel pity for
others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating -
tion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel
worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn't
fair, however, we feet compassion for others and for ourselves. And
compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to
everyone it touches.
26. Recognizing the sobering fact that life isn't fair can be a
liberating insight.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
27. l who don't think that life should be fair never complain
about what's wrong with 1ife.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
28. When we feel sorry for ourselves or for others we surrender
to the fact that life isn't fair.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
29. The fact that life isn't fair doesn't mean that we shouldn't do
our best to improve our own lives and the world as a whole.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text 87
 30 . Pity for ourselves and for others helps everyone feel better.
. True . Fa1se . No information in the text
ne1 everywhere wi11 have to be told if their employers are moni-
toring their emails. Many employers, seen by their employees as
being unscrupulous, already do, but because email (40)
on the part of employees is so widespread, it is not clear who
needs protection most employers or employees. Examples of
abuse by staff include (41) against competitors by email,
fcs ~ 5

The Human Rights Act ensures that office staff and person-

employees using email to book holidays, and the exchange of ob-

PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
Section One: Cioze Test
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each
numbered gap choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or
phrase that best suits the gap, marking your answers on your
answer sheet.
scene or abusive emails or harassment by email. Employees have
been fined and imprisoned for using emails to spread sexual and
racist abuse. Another point is that web-based email, accessed by
employees, can l to viruses being downloaded into othenise
secure corporate network. Regarding the question of employees'
rights to privacy, US courts have taken the view that the employer's
business interests (42) an l 's right to privacy. 1n
Europe, the view tends to prevail that employees have a reason-
a e expectation of privacy.
31. . creative . ingenious
. ingenuous D. imaginative

1s Big Brother Reading your Emai1?

32. . up . in
The digital revolution including that (31) invention,
. about D. off
the internet, has brought (32) more open society with
unprecedented (33) to vast amounts of information. The
33. . access . entrance
downside of this development is the creation of a culture where
. admission D. entry
anything we do or write is (34) to anyone with the time
or ingenuity to find it. (35) , our every move is monitored
34. . obtaina e . availa e
discreetly or othenise: CCTV cameras record us, a swipe card
. handy D. convenient
is used to enter work, telephone ca11s are recorded and emails
stored, and our mobile phones send out signals, (36)
35. . yet . progressively
record of our movements. Browsing the web leaves traces which
. sti11 D. increasingly
are easily accessi e particularly important if we browse at work.
And recent cases (37) that web-based email services
36. . providing . giving
can be hacked into demonstrate that what you put into an email
. producing D. contributing
less i property. Experienced internet
users wi11 te11 you that email shouldn't be used for anything you
37. . telling . giving out
wouldn't put on a postcard or that might (38) you. This
. displaying D. revealing
is especially true in offices, because it is argued that email (39)
belongs to the company, as it pays for the computers and
38: . humiliate . embarrass
telephone time. This, of course, raises the question of the extent
. shame D. distress 5()
to which employers should be allowed to monitor email.
 39. . fundamentally
. ultimately
. essentially
D. finally
1 48. said that although the team
they had done their best for the moment.
. had not been playing . hadn't l
we11, he thought

40. . abuse . slander . were playing D. didn't l

. insults D. offences
49. Train service always relied on; it's very dependable.
41. . misrepresentation . 1ibe1 . can be . must be . can't be D. should be
. untruth D. derogation
50. 1 don't know where it is, but 1 it somewhere.
42. . overrule . overthrow . 1eft . must have 1eft
. cancel D. override . should have 1eft D. would have 1eft

43. Three hundred pounds is too much for this coat. 1t's not Section Three: Sentence Transformations
it.
. value . worth . l D. bargain Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers complete the
second sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to
44. it was extremely 1 , we decided to sleep in the the first one.
open.
. As . Despite . Although D. Because 51. 1 regret speaking to him so severely yesterday.
1 wish
45. 1t took years of research, but they found the
answer. 52. Take the spare key with you you may come home be-
. at the end . 1astly . presently D. in the end fore me.
Take the spare key with you in case

53. 1 live in a town not far from the capital.

Section Two: Sentence Completion The town

Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A, 54. We don't need to do homework every day.
, C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, 1t's not necessary
marking your answers on your answer sheet.
55. 1t took me an hour to get here today.
46. Their survival on the mountain to the warm clothes 1 spent
and the tent which they had with them.
. was attributed . wi11 be attributed 56. 's too short to get a job as a policeman.
. was being attributed D. had been attributed isn't

47. The new motorway before 2013. 57. 1t is very rare for the police to stop cars without a good
. is built . has been built reason.
90 . is being built D. wi11 be built Cars . 91
 58. You really should do something about that broken window
in the bathroom.
1t's time
59. 's sti11 working on his latest novel.
He hasn't
60. 1 don't live in a big city so unfortunately 1 can't go to the
theatre very often.
1f 1
PART FOUR: WRITING
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a -
position in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of
the following topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the
sheet.
1. Wou1d you like to emigrate? 1f yes, why? 1f no, why not?
2. Discuss any plans you sympathise OR do not sympathise
with for abolishing or reforming some features of school
life such as uniforms or examinations.
Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composi-
tion is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it
wi11 get 0 points.
92
TRANSCRIPTS
TEST 1
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
A major global concern
Rain forest trees are a major influence on our climate: They
absorb carbon dioxide, one of the main causes of the greenhouse
effect.
1n the last forty years or so, half of the world's rain forests
have been destroyed. The earth is losing up to three species of
plants or animals per day. Some scientists predict that it couid be
three species per hour by the year 2015.
Here are some examples which illustrate the way we 1-
lute the environment in everyday 1ife. Flushing the toilet can use
up to nine liters of drinking-water per flush, the average office
worker throws away 180 pounds of r l paper every year
and if you throw an aluminium can out of your car window, it wi11
sti11 be littering the earth up to 500 years later.
Fifty years ago hardly anybody was concerned about envi-
ronmental pro ems. lndustrial and economic development, progress
and profit were more important at that time. Now, more and more
l are becoming aware of environmental pro ems such as
the pollution of the air by exhaust fumes and factory chimneys,
global warming ( ll "the greenhouse effect"), the pollution of the
oceans, the pollution of the soil by misuse or overuse of fertilizers,
cancer-producing chemicals in our drinking-water and our food. The
protection of the environment has become a concern".
Lincoln in and out of luck
The Americans think of Abraham Lincoln as one of their
greatest presidents. They remember him as the man who kept
the USA united in the Civi1 War and who freed the slaves. And
yet Lincoln's future looked not at 11 hopeful when he was born
in 1809 into a poor family of pioneers. When his father moved
west, Abraham's home was a hut that had only three wa11s, like
a cave, with a fireplace across the opening. As a young boy, he
helped to clear the family's new land for farming. When his father
did not need him, he hired him out to work for neighbors. 11 in
11, Lincoln spent no more than a year in school.
93

As a young man, there was hardly a job that he did not try.
split wood for fences and worked as a ferryman on the Ohio
river. After a time in the army, he became a postmaster before
opening a shop but that failed and he lost a great amount of
money. Yet there was one profession that did bring him success:
he studied 1aw and in time won a reputation as a lawyer. So
now he was what you could 11 a self-educated and a self-made
man.
But his ambition drove him on to become a politician. At
his second attempt, he was voted into the 111inois parliament. Sti11
he aimed at higher things. He became a candidate for the national
Congress and after four years and three elections, he finally made
it. Lincoln challenged Senator pouglas and tried to win his seat
in the Senate.
At first he failed again. However, his i debates with TEST 2
Douglas had got l listening to Lincoln when he spoke with PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
such feeling about keeping the States together and preventing the
spread of slavery. And so a series of disappointments came to an
end when Lincoln was elected President in 1860. The hardships of
his earlier years, so many people think, helped Abraham Lincoln
to become the kind of l the nation needed during the Civi1 weightlifting. Three times a week he went to the 1 1 gym, and
War that started half a year later.
Travels with Charlie
There are customs, attitudes, myths, directions and changes
that seem to be part of the structure of America. And 1 propose
to discuss them as they were first thrust on my attention. Whi1e
these discussions go on you are to imagine me driving quickly
along on some 1itt1e road or ll up behind a bridge, or cooking
a big pot of beans and salt pork. And 11 these have to do with
hunting. 1 l not have escaped hunting even if 1 had wanted and young people, 1've learned that those who rise to the headiest
to, for open seasons richly decorate the autumn. We have inher-
ited many attitudes from our recent ancestors, who wrestled this
continent, and won.
From them we take a belief that every American is a natu-
ra1 born hunter. And every fa11 a great number of inen set out to
prove that without talent, training, knowledge, or practice they are
dead shots with rifle or shotgun. The results are horrid.
1t isn't hunger that drives millions of armed American males
94 to forests and hi11s every autumn, as the high incidence of heart
Tr nscripl
failure among the hunters wi11 prove. Somehow the hunting process
has to do with masculinity, but 1 don't quite know how. 1 know
there are any number of good and efficient hunters who know
what they are doing; but many more are oven eight gentlemen,
primed with whisky and armed with high-powered rifles.
They shoot at anything that moves or looks as though it
might, and their success in killing one another may we11 prevent
a population explosion. 1f the casualties were limited to their own
kind there would be no problem, but the slaughter of cows, pigs,
farmers, dogs, and highway signs makes autumn a dangerous
season in which to travel.
1f you want to succeed, work hard
Arnold Schwarzenegger was a skinny teenager living in
Austria when, in spite of his parents doubts, he threw himself into
each evening, he worked out for several hours at home. Today
the champion bodybuilder-turned-actor is the biggest box-office
draw in the history of movies and one of the richest men in show
business.
What brought him to the top of his profession? Schwarzeneg-
ger put his finger on it when, in a recent TV interview, he was
asked to explain his success. "Hard work," he said. "Hard work,
lots of discipline and positive thinking."
1n any field it's important to have ambition and drive. But
having worked as a psychologist with athletes, executives, artists
heights in any field aren't necessarily the ones with the greatest
natural talent. They're the diligent few who put in the hours. They
work hard. And then they work harder.
Lifting the Vei1
1t was late afternoon when the chairman of our Bangkok
based company gave me a last minute assignment: 1 would leave
the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman to 95
 ~ 1111ti1'1'1 )I.\

landslide that 1eft a large depression known as Va11ey of the Ox.

tourist sites in northern Thailand.
Silently fuming, 1 stared at my cluttered desk. The stacks This catastrophic collapse generated a huge tsunami that 1eft its
mark throughout the eastern Mediterranean.
of paper testified to a huge backlog of work, even though 1 had
been putting in seven-day weeks. How wi11 1 ever get caught up? Today, Etna is Sicily's most popular tourist attraction, and
the l of Sicily have a love-hate relationship with the mountain.
1 wondered.
Ear1y the next morning 1 met a polite and elegant man The volcano's soil is rich; perfect for agriculture, orchards, and
vineyards. For the tourists there are a number of walks and hikes
wearing fine clothes. After a one-hour flight, we spent the day
that l the mountain. There are thick forests of birch and
visiting attractions along with hundreds of other tourists, most of
them overloaded with cameras and souvenirs. 1 remember feeling beech along with oaks and pines and flowering shrubs spread
over the lower slopes. 1n autumn, the trees paint a spectacularly
disdain for this collection of staring humanity.
colourful landscape, and in winter, the snowy slopes become a
That evening my Chinese companion and 1 climbed into
playground for winter sports.
a minibus to go to dinner and a show, one which 1 had attended
many times before. Whi1e he chatted with other tourists, 1 exchanged
polite conversation in the darkness with a man seated in front
of me, a Belgian who spoke fluent English. 1 wondered why he
held his head motionless at an odd angle, as though he were in
TEST 3
meditation. The truth struck me when 1 saw the pale-colored cane
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
beside him. He was ind.
The man told me he had lost his sight in an accident when
The immigration
he was a teenager. But this did not prevent him from traveling
alone. Now in his late 60s, he had mastered the ski11 of sightless Americans like immigrants as individuals the decent,
tourism, using his remaining four senses to create pictures in his hardworking Korean grocer on the corner, the Russian computer
programmer who lives down the street or the Filipino nurse who
mind.
works at the 1 1 hospital. But as a nation we don't seem to think
much of immigration in general.
1n a 2008 Newsweek survey, for l , half the i
Etna
y got its name from the Phoenicians who agreed that "immigrants are a burden because they take our jobs,
Etna proba
it "Attuna" "The Furnace". At some 3,329 metres, it's the housing and health care." Passions run high. "We are flooding
ll
areas of the country with millions of uneducated immigrants," -
highest mountain in Europe south of the A1ps.
plained one Wall Street Journal reader. They "take over, impose
Some ancients believed that it was the domain of Vulcan, the
their culture and don't even try to assimilate."
god of fire; others, that it was the home of Cyclops, the one-eyed
Everyone agrees that we must police our borders against
monster.
illegal immigrants.
Just legends and flights of fancy? Sure, but they bear wit-
ness to man's fascination and respect for this great volcano that Yet in sharp contrast to the prevailing rhetoric that feeds
on misinformation, the evidence shows that the pro ems attributed
grew to dominate Sicily long before any of the peoples of the
Classical Mediterranean civilizations set eyes upon it. to immigration are false or greatly exaggerated. 1n reality, today's
immigrants contribute positively, in much the same way our own
Between about 35,000 and 15,000 years ago, Etna was
highly explosive, generating large flows. The ash from these ancestors did. We would only hurt ourselves by shutting the door
in their faces. 1t's time to dispel the myths that are clouding our
eruptions has been found as far away as Rome, some 800 km
i . debate and policy.
to the north. 1t's calculated that the eastern side of the mountain
collapsed some eight thousand years ago, causing an enormous 97
96

How to Bui1d a Big Nest Egg
When the story came out in the newspapers last year, it
seemed too good to be true. A 1ittle 1 1 , living alone in a run-
down studio apartment, used $5000 out of her savings to make a
$20-million fortune and leaves almost 11 of it to a university that
had never heard of her. Even better, she has the last laugh on
her ex-employer, an organisation that she felt denied her promo-
tions because she was a woman.
But it was 11 true. The heroine, Anne Scheiber, worked for
the lnternal Revenue Service. Despite her 1aw degree, the lnternal
Revenue Service never promoted her or paid her more than $3150
year ($28,000 in today's money). She retired in 2003 and put
her money in stocks. Last year, Yeshiva University in New York
City found that it was the beneficiary of everything she owned.
The best part of this story is that by following her invest-
ment guidelines, you can do almost as we11 as this 1ittle 1 l
did. These are the lessons of Anne Scheiber's amazing success.
Why 1 love dogs
The histories of dogs and l have long been inter-
twined. Fifteen thousand years ago, cave dwellers drew dog figures
alongside those of humans. Today dogs catch our Frisbees, chase
tennis ba11s, even howl along when we sing. When we meditate
on the unfairness of the world, they gaze up at us and agree with
whatever we're thinking. Dogs can predict earthquakes; there was
a golden retriever who was said to warn his epileptic owner when
she was about to have a seizure, long before the onset of visi e
symptoms.
Dogs boost our self-esteem and never make us feel in-
adequate. A dog finds us innocent until proven guilty and even
then treats us as if we're innocent.
1 like the scruffy feel of the dog, a tail that wags happily
and an exuberant bark. Dogs lick you as if you were an ice-cream
cone, with grateful, life-affirming l noises.
Through the ages dogs have guarded homes, herded sheep
sniffed out bombs and drugs, and collared criminals. Dogs have a
record of heroism approaching that of humans.
And it doesn't matter whether his master is rich or poor a
dog wi11 share his 1ot without question. lndeed, dogs set the golden
standard for 1oyalty.
~ 1':111}l'1'1111}'
TEST 4
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
A Wor1d on the move
Changes in transport have been rapid and spectacular.
Journeys that were once expeditions now happen every day, places
that were visited only by explorers are now seen by tourists. 1n the
1990s no l in the world was more than 24 hours away. The
world is not shrinking and distances sti11 remain the same. What
has happened is that improvements in types of transport and in
transport networks have made places easier to get to.
l that is easy to get to is said to be accessi e.
Better accessibility can bring many benefits. These include
less time spent traveling, cheaper travel, a greater choice of holiday
destinations, more markets for industrial products and increased
trade.
Unfortunately, although developments in transport have
brought many benefits, they have also brought pro ems. Sometimes
transport is just too popular and the networks cannot cope. Roads
get jammed, car parks fi11 up, trains are packed and airports burst
at the seams.
Another more serious problem is the damage that transport
can do to the environment. This is ll environmental pollution. 1t
be harmful to people, to animals, to plants or to the surround-
ings as a whole. 11 forms of transport damage the environment
in some way, but we need transport and transport improvements.
So what we must do is to be very careful to balance the advan-
tages of progress against the disadvantages of spoiling the world
in which we 1ive.
Do numbers really matter so much?
1t's too late to keep the new middle class of 2030 from
being born. But it's not too late to change the ways we 11 con-
sume.
The number of people does matter, of course. But how l
consume resources matters a 1ot more. Some of us leave much
bigger footprints than others. The central challenge for the future of
l and the planet is how to raise more of us out of poverty the
slum dwellers in De1hi, the subsistence farmers in Rwanda while
reducing the impact each of us has on the planet.
O()
 The Wor1d Bank has predicted that by 2030 more than
a billion l in the developing world wi11 belong to the "global
middle class," up from just 400 million in 2009. That's a good
thing. But it wi11 be a hard thing for the planet if those people are
eating meat and driving gasoline-powered cars at the same rate
as Americans now do. 1t's too late to keep the new middle class
of 2030 from being born; it's not too late to change how they and
the rest of us wi11 produce and consume food and energy. "Eating
less meat seems more reasona e to me than saying, Have fewer
children! some scientists say.
How many l can the Earth support? Prof. Cohen
spent years reviewing 11 the research. "1 wrote the book thinking
1 would answer the question," he says. "1 found out it's unanswer-
in the present state of knowledge." What he found instead
was an enormous range of "political numbers, intended to persuade
l" one way or the other.
The Age of Louis X1V
As the embodiment of majesty and earthly power, Louis was
popular. The French were delighted with him, and other European
peoples were impressed. He was the king: just what a king ought
to be. 1t has been said that Louis X1V was the 'greatest actor of
majesty that ever filled a throne'. We are sti11 prone to think of a
king as what is suggested by the name and behaviour of Louis
X1V. Other monarchs did their best to copy him, especially in out-
ward appearance and manners. Collectively, these manifestations
be expressed in the term 'etiquette'. Much of the etiquette
practices at the court of Louis X1V was doubtless inherited from
the Hapsburg tradition. Some of its forms lingered on, at Vienna,
among the Austrian branch of the Hapsburgs, until the death of
the Emperor Francis Joseph in 1916.
us it seems absurd that a monarch, who is, after 11,
only a man, should rise from his bed every morning with a formal
ceremony in which crowds of the highest dignitaries in the land
performed the duties of valets. Princes and dukes handed him his
underwear, shoes, shirts, and other garments; lesser lords and ladies
pushed and shoved with eagerness to attain the great honour of
simply being present! 1t seems ridiculous that the same formality
and pu icity should attend him at his meals, during his hours of
100 work, and finally, when he retired for the night.
f TEST 5
~ Y1111ti1'Y1pI\
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
The Festa
The festa as they 11 it here can be an exhilarating experi-
ence. 1t floods the senses with colours, sounds, scents, tastes and
11 sorts of other sensations bold and mi1d. On a surface 1eve1, it
is an explosion of frantic, chaotic and energetic activity. To attempt
to describe it in words is to invite certain failure. 1t is something
to be lived, absorbed and treasured.
But look beyond the wa11 of sound and colour, and you wi11
discover a deeper 1eve1 a wonderful history of artistic expression,
sacrifice and devotion. 1t is here that the true festa lies behind
the scenes, in a dusty 1 warehouse, with its concrete floor, flaking
paint, rusty chairs and creaking wooden doors. The air is heavy with
the sme11 of dust, g1ue, paint and other unrecogniza e odours.
Two young men are seated at a workbench, applying paint
to a piece of sculpture. The guys explain how their group works
tirelessly nearly every day of the year to restore existing feast
decorations and build new ones. And by decorations they don't mean
confetti, streamers and everything else needed for a birthday party.
We start working on the 1 th of August and finish on the 15th of
August the following year. For us the feast is every day, they say
and add, 'That's our commitment. Our time, effort and dedication
) that is what we offer Santa Maria. We care for 1ittle else'.
Australia
When Captain James Cook landed on the east coast of
Australia, he ll the l he found Botany Bay because there
were so many beautiful flowers there. However, for seventeen
years after Cook had discovered Australia, the English did nothing
with their new colony. They l see no use for it. 1t was too far
away. 1t was empty, uncultivated, and "only" Aborigines lived down
under. And they already had richer colonies in America, Canada
and lndia. However, events in America soon made the English
change their policy.
During the eighteenth century unemployment, poverty and
crime were great social pro ems in England. Many families lived in
dark, unhealthy homes, children often died of illnesses and, if they
survived, 11 they l expect from life was hard work and 1ittle
to eat so many l stole what they needed. As the prisons got 101
 fuller, the judges became stricter and more cruel. Men and women ANSWERS TEST 1
were hanged for stealing a sheep or even bread, or they were
sent to work in one of the prison colonies in North America. 1. 26.
After the War of lndependence, the English lost their Ameri- 2. 27. D
can colonies. 1t was then they turned their attention to Australia 3. 28.
although at first they only used it as a prison. Within a few years 4. 29.
Botany Bay became the name of one of the most feared prison 5. 30.
colonies in the world. 1t wasn't until the middle of the next century 6. 31.
that regular settlement began.
7. 32.

8. D 33. D
The Wonderful Story of Computers
9. 34.
Magazines advertising computers sometimes suggest that
10. 35.
computers have human characteristics. But, as anybody working
11. 36. D
with computers wi11 te11 you, computer hardware, consisting of the
12. 37.
keyboard, the screen, disks and the central processing unit, is
neither friendly, clever nor intelligent. 13. 38.
The human characteristics referred to in these adverts are 14. 39. D

to be found in another part of the computer system: the software. 15. 40.

Being "invisi e", software is often a mystery to l who only 16. 41.
have 1ittle knowledge of computer systems. 17. 42.
However, having come a long way since the first fu11y - 18. 43.
tomatic computer, the computer today no longer needs a computer 19. 44.
expert to operate it. Ear1y computers, programmed in machine code 20. 45.
and therefore demanding a 1ot of expert knowledge, l not be op- 21. 46.
erated by l simply wanting to use a computer for their work. 22. 47. D
These days one person, without needing to know in detail
23. 48. D
a program written by someone e1se, can easily incorporate this
24. 49.
program into one written by himself or herself. 1t is enough to
25. 50. D
know how to 11 the program into action and to know about the
conditions under which it wi11 not work.
Section Three: Sentence Transformations (Suggestions)
51. 1t's years since 1 enjoyed myself so (much).

52. 1 wish 1 had finished my homework last night.
Reader's Digest
53. Her car was repaired yesterday.
National Geographic
54. 1n spite of his good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
The New Yorker
55. When 1 lived in France 1 hardly ever spoke English.
Richard Carlson, "Don't Sweat the Sma11 Stuff... and 1t's 11 Sma11
56. Apples are usually not so/as expensive as oranges.
Stuff: Simple Ways to Keep the Little Things from Taking Over
57. The fog prevented us from driving.
Your Life"
58. .1f it hadn't rained, we would have gone.
Elizabeth Chandler, "Dark Secrets"
59. She was happier than ever before.
102 . 60. 1' rather you didn't te11 him. 103
 Answcrs

TEST 2 TEST 3
1. 26. 1. 26.

2. 27. 2. 27.

3. 28. 3. 28.

4. 29. 4. 29.

5. 30. 5. 30. D

6. 31. 6. 31.
7. D 32. 7. 32.

8. 33. 8. 33. D

9. D 34. 9. 34.

10. 35. D 10. 35.

11. 36. 11. 36.

12. 37. 12. D 37.

13. 38. D 13. 38.

14. 39. 14. 39. D

15. 40. 15. 40.

16. 41. 16. 41.

17. 42. 17. 42. D

18. 43. D 18. 43.

19. 44. D 19. 44.

20. 45. 20. 45.

21. 46. 21. 46.

22. 47. 22. 47.

23. 48. 23. 48. D

24. D 49. D 24. 49.

25. 50. 25. 50. D

Section Three: Sentence Transformations (Suggestions) Section Three: Sentence Transformations (Suggestions)
51. We were taken round the l . 51. 1f he had hurried, he wouldn't have missed the train.
52. Since my last visit, the house has been redecorated. 52. Ann doubted if/ whether Jane would agree.
53. The journalist wanted to know how many survivors there were. 53. 1' rather you did the shopping immediately.
54. The firemen managed to put out the fire after fighting it for twelve hours. 54. 1 suggest (that) you ask/should ask him yourself.
55. 1 doubt if/whether 111 go on Sunday. 55. 1f you don't get a visa, you can't visit the United States.
56. Do you mind helping me to do the washing up? 56. 1 had my hair cut last week.
57. Hed rather you paid him immediately. 57. The streets haven't been cleaned this week.
58. 1f we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday. 58. Youd better put your money in the bank.
59. has been working with this company for six years. 59. 1 wasn't allowed to talk in the lesson.
104 60. 1 wish you hadn't failed your driving test. 60. The extreme heat caused the metal io split.
 Answcrs

TEST 4 TEST 5
1. 26. 1. 26.
2. 27. 2. 27.
3. 28. 3. 28.

4. 29. 4. D 29.
5. 30. 5. 30.
6. D 31. 6. 31.
7. 32. 7. 32.

8. 33. 8. 33.

9. D 34. 9. 34.

10. 35. 10. 35. D

11. 36. D 11. 36.

12. 37. 12. 37. D

13. 38. 13. 38.

14. 39. 14. 39.

15. 40. D 15. 40. D

16. 41. 16. 41.
17. 42. 17. 42. D

18. 43. 18. 43.

19. 44. 19. D 44.

20. 45. D 20. 45. D

21. 46. D 21. 46.

22. 47. 22. 47. D

23. 48. 23. 48.

24. 49. D 24. 49.

25. 50. 25. 50.

Section Three: Sentence Transformations (Suggestions)
51. He took a gun with him in case he saw some deer.
52. Her grandmother warned her not to go near the fire.
53. The girl accused me of taking her bike.
54. 1 really think it's time we bought a new car.
55. wasn't early enough to see her.
56. 1 apologise for being rude to you yesterday.
57. car is being repaired (at the garage) so/that's why today 111
use the i transport.
58. 1n spite of his broken 1eg he managed to get to the nearest house.
59. Which one do you want - the k one or the brown? Jane asked him.
106 60. suggested (that) 1 put/should put my luggage on the rack.
Section Three: Sentence Transformations (Suggestions)
51. 1 wish 1 hadn't spoken to him so severely yesterday.
52. Take the spare key with you in case you come home before me.
53. The town where t live/ 1 live in/ in which 1 live/ is not far from the capital.
54. 1t's not necessary for us to do homework every day.
55. 1 spent an hour getting here today.
56. isn't ta11 enough to get a job as a policeman.
57. Cars are very rarely stopped by the police without a good reason.
58. 1t's time you did something about that broken window in the
bathroom.
59. hasn't finished his latest novel yet.
60. 1f 1 lived in a big city, 1 would go to the theatre more often. 107

1
1. ,

2. Oxford Practice Grammar (lntermediate) + CD-ROM, John East-

wood, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2010

3. Cambridge Grammar for First Certificate, L. Hashemi & . Thomas,

Cambridge University Press, 2008

5. English Grammarin Use, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University

Press, 2005

6. Cambridge Vocabulary for First Certificate, Barbara Thomas & Lau-

ra Mathews, CUP, 2007

7. , , Active,
Skyprint 04 Ltd no Educational Pu ishers LLP, 2008

8. Essay Writing, Evgenia Pancheva / Lubomir Terziev, ,

2003

9. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, . S. Hornby, Oxford Uni-

versity Press, 2009

10. - -

109
108
 1 WORD + PREPOS1T10N COMBINATIONS

VERBS ADJECTIVES NOUNS

accuse sb of according to advantage of
agree with accustomed to attack on

apologise for afraid to attitude towards

l for annoyed with/about/at

approve of anxious about

argue with/about ashamed of

arrest sb for astonished at

attend to attached to

aware of

believe in

belong to

blame sb for

boast about

borrow sth from sb

charge sb with capable of comparison between

choose between characteristic of connection between

comment on conscious of connection to/with

compare with crazy about cruelty towards

complain about curious about

concentrate on

congratulate on

consist of

decide on delighted at/about decrease in

depend on different from delay in

disagree with dissatisfied with difference between/of

disapprove of doubtful about difficulty in/with

disadvantage of

excuse sb for enthusiastic about expert at/in

envious of

excited about
110
 Word+prepusilion

face up to famous for

refer to related to reaction to
forgive sb for fed up with
l on respected for reason for
fond of
result in responsi e for reduction in
frightened of
rid of relative of
friendly
report on
good at result of
guilty af rise in

hear of/about (no) hope for room for

save sb from safe from solution to

insist on incapa e of increase in sentence sb to satisfied with
interfere with interested in information about smile at sensitive to(wards)
(have no) intention of succeed in serious about
r
joke about jealous of suffer from sick of
i
stand for similar to
keen on knowledge of
sorry for/about
kind to
suspicious of
laugh at lack of
sympathetic to/towards
lend sth to sb
talk to sb about sth tired of trou e with
listen to
thank sb for typical of
long for
think of/about
mistake sb for married to
i
unaware of use of
need for
unconscious of
(take no) notice of
used to
object to apposed to opinion of
~ wait for
for pleased with pleasure in
warn sb about
praise sb for popular with preference for
worry about
prepare for proud of protectian from

present sb with puzzled by/about

prevent sb from

protest at/about

provide sb with
punish sb for

quarrel about
112

1
 i
1'rcposilion+W r

2 PREPOS1T10NS + WORD PHRASES in fact in pieces in tune

in favour of in l in turr
in flames in practice/theory in uniforn
at breakfast/lunch, etc. at home at a profit
in general in prison in use
at church/school at last at any rate
in private/pu ic fn vain
at 11 costs at the latest at random
in a way
at ease at least at sea
in other words
at first at a loss at the same time
1 W 1t1ng
at first sight at once at times ~
on account of on the one hand on purpose
at a glance at peace/war at work
on behalf of on the other hand on the radio/TV/tape
at a guess at present
on business on holiday on sale
by accident by heart by oneself
on a diet on a journey second thoughts
by bus/car/plane/etc. by land/sea/air by post/airmail
on duty on the increase on strike
chance by 11 means by request
on fire on loan on time
by /night by means of by sight
on foot on one's mind on trial
by far by mistake by surprise
on order on the whole
by hand by name by yourself
out of breath out of order out of reach
for ages/ever for life for short
out of control out of l out of sight
for a change for love for sb's sake
out of danger out of practice out of stock
for good for nothing for a visit/holyday
out of date out of print out of turn
for hire for once for a while
out of doors out of the question out of work
from time to time
off colour
in addition in half/two in some respects off duty
in advance in honour of in return s
under age under control under repair
in agreement with in a hurry in the right/wrong
under 's breath under discussion
in 11 in ink/pencil in safety
up to date
in bed in sb's interest in secret ~
in any case in length/width, etc. in self-defence without fail without success without warning

in charge in love in sight

in common in a ... mood in stock

in danger in mourning in tears

in the dark in the news in time

in debt in pain in touch

in the end in particular in town

11~ 115

3 die dead death
WORDS WH1CH CAUSE SPECIAL D1FFICULTIES
possi e 1ikely
accept agree admit
actual(1) present(1 ) current(1 )
afford a11ow
aloud oud y
amount size number quantity
annoying boring irritating
antique ancient 1 elderly aged former
assist present (at) attend joint subscribe (to)
attempt effort try trial
average medium middle general typical
bargain deal exchange change
bath bathe
because since as for
before in front of in the front at the front
beside besides apart from except in addition to
between among amid beyond towards against
bring take fetch send
check control test prove examine judge
chef cook cooker boss chief
compose comprise consist contain combine
confidence belief dependence trust faith
consider regard find
contended pleased happy glad delighted satisfied
convenient comfortable
convince persuade
cost value worth price prize reward profit expense
damage hurt spoil harm injure wound destroy break
decrease loss shortage lack
116 defend forbid protect prevent avoid escape
Special DitTicultics
discover invent
drive ride travel run go
during while for the whole of for the duration of
duty tax fine debt rent rates fee charge cost fare
each both any
economics economic economical
eventual eventually at last in the end finally 1ately at the end
expect attend wait hope think plan intend
explanation exposition demonstration exhibition show
fairly rather pretty quite s moderately comparatively
famous notorious infamous we11-known
flavour taste scent fragrance perfume sme11
flee f1y flow
form shape figure frame l
fortunate lucky grateful thankful
frontier border boundary limit edge
fu11 complete plain flat entire
funny fun amusing entrtaining j pleasant
game play match part role act perform
guide l train run rule order drive conduct
hard hardly scarcely
hard heavy serious grave solemn urgent
history historical historic
in inside within
incident accident occurrence happening
increase expand extend burst
last latest most recent
1ately shortly briefly recently soon presently
leave 1et a11ow make cause force get have
lend oan borrow hire rent 1et lease
1et leave forget miss
1ie 1ie
listen to hear sound 117
 ti ~ 'l'1:1 ~ )1 ~~ 11;11 ~ 111`v

live life lives alive 1ively living vivid rest remains ruins remnants leftovers

lone 1onely only mere sole solitary unique alone rise raise arise rouse arouse increase 1ift

look after care for attention (to) take care (of) look out (for) steal break in burglary theft robbery

look for seek search (for) salary wage allowance grant pension

loose lose loosen loss same similar like equal alike identical 1ikely

make do say talk te11 speak

match join fit suit agree scene scenery view sight countryside nature

material stuff cloth clothing clothes sensi e sensitive

meaning intention opinion mind advice several various different separate many

morals l l immoral shadow shade reflection

nervous restless worried anxious sign signal gesture

new novel spi11 spoil split

news knowledge information stay stand rest remain be

next nearest near nearby suggest propose advise recommend

note notice mark brand suita e adequate appropriate

notice realize remark recognize surely certainly definitely undoubtedly doubtless doubt

novel short story romance te11 state stand

occasion time moment event chance to ti11 until as far as

opportunity chance possibility occasion way luck under underneath below beneath above over

overlook oversee try experiment experience up-to-date contemporary topical present-day

own particular peculiar special private usual normal ordinary plain

pause break gap interval interruption - wait v l invalua e worthless priceless

person l persons peoples voyage journey trip excursion crossing drive travel

picturesque quaint typical pretty wake awake awaken wake up

l seat space room square warn threaten advertise te11 explain announce

politics politician political policy warning notice announcement advertisement

r trou e difficulty nuisance waste lose spend pass save spare

punctual on time in time accurate li certain - true whole 11 entire complete

reach achieve succeed manage arrive wide narrow sma11 large big

reach arrive (at/in) get (to) (to) go win gain catch receive reward

receipt ticket bi11 recipe prescription reception work situation job position employment
remind remember

repairs reparations renewals improvements

j 1 g reserve engage occupy book preserve 119

 fi1ti.1l Vl'fhti

4 eat in
M1N1 D1CT10NARY OF PHRASAL VERBS eat out
end in / ( )
end up , ( / )
accuse sb of sth
face up to
add up ,
fa11 apart ( , )
add up to ;
fa11 behind
ask sb out
fa11 through ( )
bet on ,
find out , , ,
be out of ( - )
fix sth up
book up ,
get across ( , )
bottle up , ( )
get back
break down ,
get by ( )
break off , ( , )
get down to
break up (/, / )
get on (with sb)
bring in ( )
get on ( , , .)
bring up ( )
get out of ( )
build up ,
get up ( )
11 sth off
give away ;
carry on (doing sth)
give up
carry out ; ,
go down ,
catch on
go on (doing sth)
catch up with , ;
go on , ,
across
go out (with sb) ,
down with
go over ,
in (to)
go up ,
into (, )
head for ,
with ( , )
hold up ,
cut down on ( /),
- keep down ( / )
do away with , keep sth up
doze off lock sb in ( )
draw up ( ) lock sb out ( )
drive off , ( ) Look out! !
dropoff look after
I 20 121
 I~ 1fJti I Vc hti

look at ; settle down ;

look down ; shut down , ( )

look up ( ), ( ) sit around ,

look up ; sit down

lose out , speed up ( ), ( )

make for (a l) split up ( , )

move in (somewhere) start up , ( , )

move out stick at ue ce

nod off , ( ) stick to

pack sth in , switch off ( ),

pass on sth switch on ( , , )

off , take in , / ,
(often passive be taken in)
up ( )
take off ( ), ( )
pick up , ( , )
take off ( )
pick up sth /
take up sth ,
pick up sth
talk sb into ,

i
point out ,
talk sth over
pop into ( )
think about sth
11 over ( )
think out , ( , )
11 up ( )
throw away sth
put (money) by ,
tidy up ( )
put down
(a sum of ) try sth out
put sb off sth , turn in

turn into ( ), ( )
put sth off (until) ( , )
turn off ( , )
put on ()
turn on ( , )
put up with sth
wake up ( ), ( )
ring sb up
walk off ( )
run into sth ( , )
wash down ( )
run out of sth/sth runs out , ( )
wipe out , ( , rpynuxopa)
run through ( )
work out ( );
run up ( , )
write sth down
set sth aside ( )
122 set off 123
 J~ <+ ?011

5 2011 7. The region they travelled through was densely populated by

1 1 l .
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Directions: You wi11 hear a radio programme about the Mystery of the 8. The 1 lndian hunter lived in a forest hut.
Great Pyramids twice. Before listen to it, you have 1 minute to read A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
the questions. Whil listening for the first time, can look at the ques-
tions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. 9. The two travellers were surprised by the ability of the lndian to
When you hear the whole text, you have 3 minutes to answer the ques- forecast the weather in such detail for a few days ahead.
tions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then you wi11 A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
10. 1t turned out that the old lndian was working as a weatherman
1. Among the dozens of inexplica e mysteries l have always for the 1 1 radio.
regarded the Great Pyramids as the most challenging one. A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
A) True. B) Fa1se: C) No information in the text.

2. The first pyramid was used as a source of building material. Directions: You wi11 hear a text about a nun's unusual hobby twice.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions.
While listening for the first time, you can look at the questions and the
3. The Bent pyramid was impenfect because it was not ta11 suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. When you
enough. hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. your answer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear
the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
4. The second of the "true" pyramids was twice as ta11 as the Statue
of Liberty. 11. Sister "lnternet" was ll from the convent at the age of
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. ) 56.
) 46.
5. Egyptian pyramids were richly decorated. ) 35.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. D) 21.

Directions: You wi11 hear text about someone's ski11 to forecast the
weather twice. Before you listen to it, you have 1 minute to read the
questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can look at the ques-
tions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes.
When you hear the whole text, you have 3 minutes to answer the
questions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then you
wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
6. The two travellers were scientists exploring the wild west of
America.
124 A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
12. Sister Maria was asked to leave the religious order because
A) she had spent too many years in solitary confinement.
B) of her numerous arguments with the other nuns.
C) she had too many friends on Facebook.
D) her online social networking took a 1ot of her time.
13. The news of Sister Maria's expulsion from the convent
A) was spread around by her fellow nuns at the convent.
B) was first reported in The Telegraph newspaper.
C) was long kept in secret by Sister Maria herself.
D) resulted in an lnternet campaign in her support. 125
 ) 1 s 4pcnucicu uri _1111

14. For which of the following activities did Sister Maria NOT use
the lnternet while she was in the convent?
A) Making new friends and networking.
B) Creating electronic archives of religious documents.
C) Planning and booking her trips abroad.
D) Managing finances online.
15. Sister Maria won an award for
A) installing the first computer at her convent.
B) improving access to the archives of the convent.
C) her excellent social networking skills.
D) finally breaking free from the convent.
nervous energy transformed into a need to match their heightened
sense of excitement while on the road, something that they seemed
only to do by speeding or driving recklessly. 1n order to stimulate
themselves, they tended to speed in urban areas and adopt other -
cidentprone behaviors.
The other group that tended to drive fast included the enthu-
siastic drivers who found driving was both challenge and pleasure,
and were involved in the least number of accidents among the four
groups.
Whi1e the results aren't surprising, the study sheds light on
why accidents occur. 1n many cases, it seems, the drivers feel under-
stimulated, and are easily distracted by anything else but the road.
Their mind wanders and they lose concentration. They are not -
sponding in the same way as enthusiastic drivers are, and that l
be r for road safety.

16. According to the survey, about 33 percent of drivers think driving is

PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION monotonous.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question among A, B or C, mark- 17. Enthusiastic drivers are willing to take more risks.
ing your answers on your answer sheet. A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
How do you react when you hear the words "road trip"? Do
18. Bored drivers tend to drive carefully.
you get excited by the adventure of driving? Or do you immediately
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
stretch into a yawn, anticipating the boredom of staring at the tail lights
of the car in front of you for mile upon endless mile? Or, do your palms
19. Reckless drivers are typically quite experienced.
immediately begin to sweat as you dread the stress of relentless free-
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
way traffic?
About a third of drivers fa11 into the second category, accord- 20. According to the survey, accidents occur when drivers feel
ing to a survey conducted by researchers at Newcastle University in stimulated.
the UK. And if you think aggressive drivers are the most dangerous on A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
the road, you might consider the hazards posed by bored ones. The
scientists found that boredom in their study subjects translated into
riskier driving to make the on-road experience more exciting, leading
them to have one and a half times more accidents than other drivers. Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
Not surprisingly, these individuals were more 1ikely to be young and and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
less experienced behind the wheel. , , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Four types of drivers were found those who were nervous,
dangerous, young and bored, those who were enthusiastic, those who
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer a
disliked driving, and those who were slow and safe. The young and
building contractor of his plans to leave the house-building business
126 bored drivers were generally more anxious behind the wheel. That 27

to live a more leisurely life with his wife and enjoy his big family. He
would miss the paycheck each week, but he wanted to retire. Though
it was difficult, his family l make ends meet.
The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked
if he l build just one more house as a personal favour. The car-
penter said yes, but over time it was easy to see that his heart was not
in his work. He became very careless and used inferior materials. 1t
was an unfortunate way to end a dedicated career.
When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to
inspect the house. Then he handed the front-door key to the carpenter
and said, "This is your house... gift to you.
The carpenter was shocked!
What a shame! 1f he had only known he was building his own
house, he would have done it 11 so differently.
So it is with us. We build our lives, a day at a time, often put-
ting less than our best into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize
we have to live in the house we have built. 1f we l do it over, we
would do it much differently.
But, you cannot go back. You are the carpenter, and every day
you hammer a nai1, l a wooden board, or erect a wa11. Someone
once said, "Life is a do-it-yourself project." Your attitude, and the choic-
es you make today, help build the "house" you wi11 live in tomorrow.
21. The carpenter decided to retire because
A) he had saved enough to spend the rest of his life in leisure.
B) his employer had not paid him regularly.
C) his family was not large and didn't need much.
D) he wanted to spend more time with his wife and children.
22. The contractor was sorry because the carpenter
A) was having some heart pro ems.
B) was his favourite worker.
C) had promised to build one more house.
D) had been a good and 1 1 worker.
23. At the end of his career the carpenter
A) sti11 worked in his usual way.
B) began to try out new building materials.
C) changed his work-style.
D) wanted to show the best of his craftsmanship.
i 129
i s r 2011
24. The carpenter was shocked because
A) he had unknowingly punished himself.
B) the contractor never inspected the building site.
C) his employer was disappointed with his work.
D) the present he got was too sma11.
25. According to the narrator, life is like a
A) nail knocked in the wa11.
B) house we slowly build.
C) wa11 between birth and death.
D) board we fix in its l .
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
, , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
"1've been having an identity crisis for years. Terri knows. Terri
can te11 you. But 1et me say this. 1f 1 could come back again in a differ-
ent 1ife, a different time and 11, you know what? 1' like to come back
as a knight. You were pretty safe wearing 11 that armor. 1t was 11 right
being a knight until gunpowder and muskets and .22 pistols came
along."
"Herb would like to ride a white horse and carry a lance," Terri
said, and laughed.
"Carry a woman's garter with you everywhere," Laura said.
"Or just a woman," 1 said.
"That's right," Herb said. "There you go. You know what's
what, don't you, Nick?" he said.
"A1so, youd carry around their perfumed hankies with you
wherever you rode. Did they have perfumed hankies in those days?
1t doesn't matter. Some 1ittle forget-me-not. A token, a symbol, that's
what 1' trying to say. You needed some token to carry around with
you in those days. Anyway, whatever, it was better in those days being
a knight than a peasant," Herb said.
"1t's always better," Laura said.
"The peasants didn't have it so good in those days," Terri
said.
"The peasants have never had it good," Herb said. "But 1
guess even the knights were vessels to someone. 1sn't that the way
it worked in those days? But, then, everyone is always a vessel to


J~ p;iau ru pc ucrrii 11

someone e1se. 1sn't that right? Terri? But what 1 liked about knights, 29. saying "he is just a h doctor" the narrator suggests
besides their ladies, was that they had that suit of armor, you know, that Herb is
and they couldn't get hurt very easily. No cars in those days, man. No A) not very we11 educated.
drunk teen-agers to run over you. B) not knowledgea e of things outside his profession.
"Vassals," 1 said. "They were ll vassals, Doc, not ves- C) incompetent in his profession.
se1s." D) unpretentious in his desires.
"Vassals, vessels, ventricles, what's the difference. We11, you
30. The overall conclusion drawn by Herb is that
knew what 1 meant anyway."
A) wounded knights waited to be given shish kebab.
" 's just a h doctor," 1 said. "But sometimes knights
B) peasants were better off than knights.
suffocated in 11 that armor, Herb. Theyd even have heart attacks if it
C) knights often died of heart attacks not in fights.
got too hot and they were too tired and worn out. 1 read somewhere
D) we share a 1ot with l of the past.
that theyd fa11 off their horses and not be abIe to get up because they
were too tired to stand with 11 that armor on them. They got trampled
by their own horses sometimes."
"That's terri e," Herb said. "That's a terri e image, Nicky. 1
guess theyd just 1ie there then and wait until someone, the enemy,
along and made a shish kebab out of them."
PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
"Some other vassal," Terri said.
"That's right, some other vassal," Herb said. "There you have
Section One: 1 Test
it. Some other vassal would come along and ki11 his fellow-knight in
Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each num-
the name of 1ove. Or whatever it was they fought over in those days.
bered gap choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or phrase that
Same things we fight over these days, 1 guess," Herb said.
best suits the gap, marking your answers on your answer sheet.

26. Obviously Herb is Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel.
A) in the medical profession. They 11 claimed they were the best, the most important, the most use-
) a man in a financial crisis. fu1, man's favorite.
C) someone who has had a car accident. GREEN said: "C1early 1 the most important. 1 am the sign
D) None of the above. of life and of hope. 1 was (31) grass, trees, leaves without me,
11 animals would die."
27. The conversation suggests that BLUE interrupted: "Consider the sky and the sea. 1t is the wa-
A) Nick is the narrator. ter that is the (32) of life and, drawn up by the clouds, forms the
B) Terri wants to be a knight. deep sea."
C) Laura thinks it is a good idea to carry a token. YELLOW chuckled: you are 11 so serious. 1 bring laughter,
D) Herb likes the guns of the knights. joy, and warmth into the world.
The sun is yellow, the moon is yellow, the stars are yellow. Every time
28. Herb tends to romanticize the lives of knights mainly be- you look at a sunflower, the (33) world starts to smile."
cause ORANGE started next to (34) her trumpt: "1 am the
A) knights wore garters everywhere. color of health and strength. 1 be scarce, but 1 am precious for
B) knights were safe in their armor. 1(35) the needs of human 1ife. Think of carrots, pumpkins, or-
C) knights were vassals. anges, and mangoes. 1 don't (36) 11 the time, but when 1 fi11 the
130 D) the knight's armor was bulletproof. sky at sunrise or sunset, my beauty is so striking that no one gives _131
 another thought to any of you.
RED couid (37) it no longer. He shouted out: "1 the
ruler of 11 of you 1 am life's ! 1 am the color of danger
I 37. A) hold
C) stay
B) keep
D) stand
t spenocrcu r 2011

and of bravery. 1 the color of passion and of 1ove, the red rose, and 38. A) conclusion B) decision
the poppy. C) determination D) activity
PURPLE rose up to his fu11 height. "1 the color of royalty
and power. Kings, chiefs, and bishops have always chosen me for 1 39. A) highness B) superiority
the sign of authority and wisdom." C) majesty D) majority
Finally, 1ND1G0 spoke, much more quietly than 11 the others, but with
just as much (38) :"1 the color of silence. You hardly notice 40. A) run B) go
, but 1 represent thought and reflection, twilight and deep water." C) 1et D) pour
And so the colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her
41. A) dominate B) empower
own (39) . Their quarreling became louder and louder. Sud-
C) win D) rule
denly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder rolled
and boomed. Rain started to (40) down relentlessly. The colors 42. A) souvenir B) remainder
crouched down in fear, drawing close to one another for comfort. C) reminder D) memory
1n the midst of the clamor, rain began to speak: You fool-
ish colors, fighting amongst yourselves, each trying to (41) the
rest. Don't you know that you were each made for a special purpose, 43. The amber color of traffic lights warns drivers the pos-
unique and different? Join hands with one another and come to me. sibility of pedestrians crossing.
From now on, when it rains, each of you wi11 stretch across the sky in A)off B)of C)to D) for
a great bow of color as a (42) that you can 11 live in peace. The
RAINBOW symbolizes hope for tomorrow." 44. The colors of autumn, such as orange, brown, yellow and red
are with Thanksgiving, while red and green are the 1-
31. A) chosen for B) elected as ors of Christmas.
C) picked up D) sorted out A) united B) combined C) associated D) joined

32. A) basement B) basics 45. The new phrase for people or companies who find ways to
C) ground D) basis electricity, fue1, or things that damage the environment
is "going green."
33. A) total B) whole A) cut back on B) cut up C) cut in on D) cut in
C) 11 D) overall

34. A) wind B) sound Section Two: Sentence Completion

C) w D) whistle
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter , B,
C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, marking
35. A) provide B) serve
your answers on your answer sheet.
C) cater D) service
46. only one text and three exercises for homework, we'11
36. A) hang around B) hang on be ready in no time.
132 C) hang up D) hang in A) There has B) There have C) There is D) There are 133
 II' l it spcnoc ai i 21111

47. The money for the two expeditions by former students 56. 1t has been reported that the political situation in the country
of our school who wish to remain anonymous. is gradually getting under control.
A) was provided B) were provided The political situation in the country
C) have provided D) has provided
57. The witnesses are being interrogated at the moment.
48. Can you imagine that? My girlfriend for six hours nnn- The police
stop at the disco last night.
A) danced B) was dancing 58. 1 know very 1ittle about gardening and so does my husband.
C) has been dancing D) has danced 1 don't know and my husband.

49. the table while 1 decorate the dishes? 59. 1 don't want to quarrel with my neighbours although 1 dislike them.
A) Wi11 you 1 B) Wi11 you be laying 1' rather in spite of
C) Do you 1 D) Are you laying
60. Despite the unfavourable economic circumstances, the com-
50. 1f the waiter in such a hurry, he give us more pany has made a great profit this year.
details about the menu. Although
A) hadn't been ... would B) isn't ... would
) weren't ... would D) wasn't ... wi11

Section Three: Sentence Transformations

Directions: On yoursheetforopen-ended answers complete the second
sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to the first one.
51.1 think that wolves wi11 never dare to come near any of the villages.
1 don't think
52. 1 haven't asked my parents for money since 1 got a job.
The last time before
53. The customer immediately regretted not taking the shop-as-
sistant's advice and buying that cheap box of chocolates.
The customer wished
PART FOUR: WRITING
Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a composi-
tion in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of the follow-
ing topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the sheet:
1. Begin a diary-entry with: They got us! The two ticket in-
spectors closed up on our cheerful group from both ends of the bus
just as we were discussing the inconveniences of i transport.
2. You are the parent of a teenager. Describe your son /
daughter. How does he / she look like? What are his / her interests
and friends? What are your relations with him / her? How do you imag-
ine his / her future?

54. 1t was so windy and cold that we couldn't go sightseeing at 11. Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composition
The weather was for us is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it wi11 get 0
points.
55. 1 sure that it wasn't a dog that attacked the sheep.
(Use a modai verb.)
134 1t 13S

TRANSCRIPTS
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
The Mysteries of the Great Pyramids
There are dozens of mysteries that people cannot explain.
Let's take a look at one of those the Great Pyramids, an issue that
has always provided food for thought.
The first pyramid to be built was the one ll Step. 1t was
b the first large stone object anyway. Egyptians used to steal
stones from the Step Pyramid to make other buildings. So currently,
it is 198 feet ta11. But it set the beginning of a whole string of strange
pyramids.
The second in the line was the Bent Pyramid. The reason for
its name was that halfway through the construction process, the in-
sides started to collapse so the angle dramatically changed. 1t is about
330 feet ta11. Obviously you cant expect to get a perfect pyramid at the
first try.
However, three "true" pyramids were built around 2467 . .
at Giza. The first one was 471 feet ta11. The second was very sma11
compared to the other pyramids, only 215 feet. That's not even as ta11
as the Statue of Liberty!
Finally, the Great Pyramid was built. Originally 481 feet ta11,
it has worn away since. Each of its bricks is half as ta11 as an adult.
The Great Pyramid has three sma11 "queens pyramids" surrounding it.
Their arrangement may have been inspired by the stars.
l have theories about how the pyramids were 'friends' on Facebook at the time of her expulsion from the convent
built. One theory is that aliens built them. Another is that god-like crea-
tures taught l how to build the pyramids. To this day, there has
not been a real explanation about the pyramid construction.
Two men were travelling in a very wild part of America. They
saw no modern houses and no traces of civilization for many days.
What they saw were only a few huts made of wood or tents where
lndians lived. One day they met an old lndian who was a hunter. He
was very clever and knew everything about the forest and the animals
living in it and many other things. He l also speak English quite
we11. They had a good long talk with him and then prepared to go on
the road again.
" you te11 us what the weather wi11 be like during the next
few davs'"' one ` the twc travellers asked the lndian.
136
J~ s i ! 2()
"Oh, yes, he answered. "Rain is coming, and wind. Then
there wi11 be snow for a day or two, but then the sunshine wi11 come
again and the weather wi11 be fine."
"These 1 lndians seem to know more about Nature than
we do today with 11 that science," said the man to his friend. Then he
turned to the 1 lndian again.
" 11 me, he asked, "how do you know 11 that?"
The lndian answered: "1 heard it over the radio."
For its millions of users 11 over the globe, Facebook is fun
and a harmless way to make new friends and catch up with 1 ones.
However, for the 56- - 1 Spanish nun Maria Jesus Ga1an, her on-
line activity on the social networking site ended up costing herjob and
her home.
Sister Maria was asked to leave the religious order where she
had lived in seclusion for 35 years because she spent too much time
on the website, it has been reported. True to her nickname of 'Sister
lnternet', given to her by her fellow nuns, the nun herself first broke the
news on her Facebook page, where she wrote: "Following disagree-
ments over my online activity, 1 have now been officially asked to leave
the convent."
An online campaign attracting thousands of supporters is now
under way, with fan pages springing up, demanding that she be 1-
lowed to return back into the convent. Sister Maria had almost 600
and listed her hobbies as 'reading, music, art and making friends', -
cording to The Telegraph.
The 14th century convent in l , where Sister 'lnternet'
used to 1ive, first got a computer 10 years ago to lessen the need for
nuns to enter the outside world. Sister Maria, who entered the order
when she was 21 years 1 , told The Telegraph: "1t n us do
things such as banking online and saved us having to make trips into
the city." Nota y, she also began digitising the convent's archives and
made them accessi e to the world an activity for which she was
praised and given an award, and through which she gained hundreds
of friends on Facebook.
Now living at her mother's house, Sister Maria wants to use
her new-found freedom to see the world. She posted on her Face-
book page: "1 would like to visit London and New York. Such things
were impossi e to even dream about when 1 was at the convent."
137
 2011

33. 1

34. 1

Ns 35. 1

1. 1 36. 1

2. 1 37. D 1

3. 1 38. 1

4. 1 39. 1

5. 1 40. D 1

6. 1 41. 1
7. 1 1
42. 1

8. 1 43. 1

9. 1 44. 1

10. 1 45. 1

11. 1 46. 1

12. D 1 47. 1
13. D 1 48. 1
14. 1 49. 1

15. 1 1
50.
16. 1

17. 1 :
18. 1 51. 1 don't think (that) wolves wi11 ever dare (to) come near any of the villages.
19. 1 52.The last time 1 asked parents for money was before 1 got /( )getting a job.
20. 1 53. The customer wished (that) she / he had taken the shop-assistant's -
21. D 1 vice and (that) (she / he) hadn't bought that cheap box of chocolates.
22. D 1 54. The weather was too windy and l for us to go sightseeing. / The
23. 1 weather was very windy and l for us, so we didn't go sightseeing.
24. 1 55. 1t can't / couldn't have been a dog that attacked the sheep.
25.

26.
1

1
i 56. The political situation in the country has been reported to be gradually
getting under control.
27. 1 57. The police are interrogating the witnesses at the moment.
28. 1 58. 1 don't know much about gardening and neither does my husband.
29. 1 59. 1' rather not quarrel with my neighbours in spite of ( )disliking / dis-
30. D 1
like for / the fact that 1 dislike them.
31. 1 60.Although the economic circumstances have been / are unfavoura e, the
company has made a great profit this year.
32. D 1
13 139
 ~

1~ r, + i i 2(11

Directions: You wi11 hear a text about two Americans abroad twice.
Before you listen to it, you have 1 minute to read the questions. Whi1e
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION listening for the first time, you can look at the questions and the sug-
gested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. When you hear
Directions: You wi11 hear some information about the inventor Nikola the whole text, you have 3 minutes to answer the questions on your
Tes1a twice. Before you listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then you wi11 hear the text
questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can /ook at the ques- again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
tions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes.
When you hear the whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the ques- 6. The two Americans went into the restaurant to have lunch.
tions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
7. The Americans wanted to have beef sandwiches, that's why
1. Tes1a can be ranked as high as Einstein and Edison because they they drew a cow.
) 11 worked together at one point. A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
B) belonged to the same gentlemen's c1ub.
C) significantly changed l 's lives. 8. The Americans tried several ways to explain what they wanted
D) developed similar machines and devices. before the waiter seemed to understand them.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
2. Tes1a was unknown to the general i and other scientists
A) took things on credit on his behalf. 9. The man drew the cow with a pen.
B) received praise for his achievements. A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
C) were credited for their innovative ideas.
D) helped him popularise his ideas. 10. 1n spite of the mistake, the two Americans were happy they
got tickets for the bullfight.
3. Tes1a stopped working with Edison because A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
A) they had different social status.
B) they lived very different lives.
C) they did things in a different way. Directions: You wi11 hear a text about soap operas twice. Before you
D) they weren't making any progress. listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listening
for the first time, you can look at the questions and the suggested
4. Tes1a 1et electricity run through his body because he wanted to choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. When you hear the
A) light up lamps without wires. whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your an-
B) raise money for his experiments. swer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text
C) find out more about electrical resonance. again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
D) show that alternating current was safe.
11. The Phoenicians were the first to make soap but they did NOT
5. Nikola Tes1a use it for
A) completed his wireless broadcasting tower. A) cleaning their bodies.
B) worked for Long 1sland's engineering board. B) wound healing.
C) had a 1ot of ideas he l not realise. C) hair dyeing.
140 D) examined a 1ot of young engineers ideas. D) washing textiles. 141

12. Mass production of various varieties of soap as we know it
today
A) started in Ancient Greece long ago.
B) was a fact in several countries by the 9th century.
C) started from sma11 businesses in Europe.
D) didn't take l until the industrial growth of the US.
13. The name `soap operas'
A) comes from the sentimental plots of radio and TV plays.
B) relates to the original sponsors of the production of these pro-
grams.
C) is associated with the balanced picture of real life in the plays.
D) was given to the popular radio and TV program genre by its critics.
14. Soap operas
A) have nothing in common with musical operas.
B) often feature famous criminals in the leading roles.
C) ignore critical moments in the characters lives.
D) have many 1 1 fans in the United States.
15. 1t is often the case that
A) the life of real l comes into the focus of soap operas.
B) l lose interest in soap operas as a result of what critics say.
C) the same actor gets to l in a popular soap for years on end.
D) soap operas end abruptly, leaving the main hero in a serious crisis.
PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question among A, B or C, mark-
ing your answers on your answer sheet.
When it comes to unusual occupations, 24-year-o1d Sam Cross must
certainly have one of the most enjoya e and entertaining. Clowns and
jesters have always fascinated him and two years ago he became the
first officially appointed jester for the town of Buckingham.
Sam proudly claims that as a jester he is "Bringing Middle Age silliness
back to Britain," but his role involves more than fun and mischief. 1n
142 addition to entertaining audiences at 1 1 events, he accompanies
~
i 2U11
the mayor on various visits, helps to raise funds for the mayor's chari-
ties and also promotes Buckingham and its history.
Seeing a jester in his colourful costume, with its curious three-
pointed, be11-jingling cap is guaranteed to bring a smile to l 's
faces. Sam admits that this, and the fact that he is keeping a tradition
alive, are the most rewarding aspects of his job. He acknowledges
that we are too serious nowadays because we are focused on money,
work and material items. "1t is 1ovely to see an entire family just relax
and get involved in the jester show, calling out, laughing, clapping
and generally forgetting the pressures of the working week. There is
something about someone acting the fool that allows l to relax
possi y because they know they won t ever look as si11y as 1 do. He
has also noticed that the cheerful red-andyellow costume seems to
make a jester more appealing to children than a traditional whitefaced
clown because the character looks less frightening.
There is no doubt that as Buckingham's jester Sam is doing a
brilliantjob in terms of entertaining and promoting his 1 1 community.
But what is particularly encouraging is to see that he is playing a l -
ing role in reviving a centuries-o1d tradition for a new generation.
16. Sam Cross has learned his trade from clowns and jesters.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
17. Often, while entertaing l , the jester draws them to social
causes.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
18. What gives Sam greatest satisfaction is the fact that the may-
or promotes Buckingham's history.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
19. l enjoy the show because they can feel pant of it and relax.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
20. Actually, Sam the Jester runs a wonderful adventising -
paign for his community.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
, , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet. 143

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college.
For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's
showroom, and knowing his father l we11 afford it, he told him
that this car was 11 he wanted. As Graduation Day approached, the
young man awaited signs that his father would buy the car. Finally,
on the morning of his graduation, his father ll him into his private
study. He told the young man how proud he was to have such a fine
son and how much he loved him. Then he handed his son a beauti-
fu11y wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young
man opened the box and found a 1ovely, leather-bound i , with
the young man's name printed in go1d. Angry, he raised his voice to
his father and said "With 11 your money, you give me a i ?" and
stormed out of the house, leaving the i . Many years passed and
the young man became very successful in business. He had a beauti-
fu1 home and a wonderful family, but at the back of his mind he kept
thinking about his father. He told himself that his father was getting old
and that he should visit him. He had not seen him since that gradua-
tion day. Before he l make arrangements, however, he received a
telegram telling him his father had passed away, and had left 11 of his
possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and
take care of things.
When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and
regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's papers
and saw the sti11 new i , just as he had 1eft it years before. With
tears, he opened the i and began to turn the pages. And as he
did, a car key dropped from the back of the i . 1t had a tag with the
dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had -
si ed. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words PA1D
irv FuLL.
21. The morning of his son's graduation, the father did NOT
A) invite him to his room for a ta1k.
B) show clearly he had bought the car.
C) express satisfaction with his achievements.
D) display his deep affection for him.
22. How did the son feel when he took the box?
A) Enthusiastic.
B) Pleased.
C) lntrigued.
144 D) lndifferent.
' 2011
23. Obviously, the young man got angry on opening the box because
A) he had expected to find a cheque in it.
B) the gift in it was not expensive enough.
C) so far his father had always satisfied his wishes.
D) he had never respected either God or the i .
24. The telegram the young man received said that
A) his father wanted to see him.
B) his father had changed his wi11.
C) he had become his father's heir.
D) he had to go and look after his father.
25. There was NO indication on the key tag as to
A) who the seller was.
B) the price of the car.
C) when the car was bought.
D) what key it was.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
, , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
What had brought on our latest argument was what 1 claimed
was Diana's flirtation with someone's house guest at a back-yard
cocktail party the previous weekend.
"1 was not flirting," she said.
" were hitting on the guy."
"On1y in your peculiar imagination, Wakefield."
That's what she did when we argued she used my last name. 1 wasn't
Howard, 1 was Wakefield. 1t was one of her feminist adaptations of the
locker-room style that 1 detested.
" made a suggestive remark," 1 said, "and you clicked
glasses with him."
"1t was not a suggestive remark," Diana said. "1t was in reply
to something hed said that was really stupid, if you want to know.
Everyone laughed but you. 1 apologize for feeling good on occasion,
Wakefield. 111 try not to feel that way ever again."
"This is not the first time youve made a suggestive remark
with your husband standing right there. And then denied 11 knowledge
of it."
"Leave alone, please. God knows youve pressured me 145
 to the point where 1've lost alI confidence in myself. 1 don't relate to
l anymore. 1' too busy wondering if 1' saying the right thing."
You were relating to him, 11 right."
"Do you think with the kind of relationship 1've had with you
1' be inclined to start another with someone else? 1 just want to get
through each day that is 11 1 think about, getting through each day.
i 30. Howard thought that
A) Diana's innocence scared men.
B) the man she had talked to was rather repulsive.
C) he was jealous because he himself liked to f1irt.
D) like 11 people Diana was insincere by nature.
~ i 2()I l

That was proba y true. On the train to the city, 1 had to admit to myself
that 1' started the argument wi11fu11y, in a contrary spirit and with some
sense of its eroticism. 1 did not really believe what 1 had accused her PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
of. 1 was the one who flirted with people. 1 had attributed to her my
own wandering eye. That is the basis of jealousy, is it not? A feeling Section One: 1 Test
that your inherent insincerity is universal. 1t did annoy me, seeing her
talking to another man with a glass of white wine in her hand, and her Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each num-
innocent friendliness, which any man could mistake for a come-on, not bered gap choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or phrase that
just me. The fellow himself was not terri y handsome. But it bothered best suits the gap, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
that she was talking to him almost as if 1 were not standing there
beside her. His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer. One day,
while trying to (31) a living for his family, he heard a cry for help
26. Wakefield accuses his wife of coming from a nearby bog. He dropped his tools and ran to the bog.
A) flirting with a stranger at a party. There, up to his waist in black mud, was a terrified boy, screaming and
B) clicking glasses with a man at the party. (32) to free himself. Farmer Fleming saved the 1 from what
C) hinting to the man her hidden desires. l have been a fatal accident.
D) 11 of the above. The next day, a fancy carriage (33) to the Scotsman's
poor house. An elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and intro-
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true? himself as the father of the boy farmer Fleming had saved.
A) Howard hates it when Diana acts as a feminist. 1 want to repay you, said the no eman. You saved my son's
B) Howard hates it when Diana ca11s him Wakefield. 1ife.'
C) At the party Howard laughed at an amusing man. No, 1 can't (34) payment for what 1 did,' the Scottish
D) Diana was actually enjoying the party. farmer replied waiving off the offer. At that moment, the farmer's own
son came to the door.
28. Diana complains that 1s that your son?' the nobleman asked.
A) at social events Howard does not 1et her interact freely. Yes,' the farmer replied proudly.
B) Howard doesn't a11ow her to go to parties. 111 make you a deal. Let me (35) him with the 1eve1 of
C) she seems unattractive and 11 to people. education my own son wi11 enjoy. 1f the 1 is anything like his father,
D) she never says the right thing at a party. he'11 no doubt grow to be a man we both wi11 be proud of.' And that he
did.
Farmer Fleming's son (36) the very best schools and in time,
29. Diana is so disheartened by her marital experience that she
A) can't even think of getting into another relationship. graduated from St. 's Hospital Medical School in London, and
B) is on the edge of committing suicide. (37) to become known throughout the world as the (38)
C) is having a love affair with another man. Sir Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of Penicillin.
146 D) can't stand being with Howard another day. Years aftenards, the same no eman's son who was saved from the
147


I~ >.: ~ i 21111

bog was (39) with pneumonia. 42. Dentists have recommended that a toothbrush be kept at least
What saved his life this time? Penicillin. 6 feet away frorn a toilet to airborne particles resulting
The name of the no eman? Lord Randolph Churchill. His from the flush.
son's name? Sir Winston Churchill. A) escape B) f1y C) avoid D) flee

31. A)do B)make 43. Apples, not caffeine, are more at waking you up in the
C) win D) gain morning.
A) efficient B) proficient ) capa e D) productive
32. A) starving B) beating
C) striking D) struggling 44. 1n 10 minutes, a hurricane more energy than 11 of the
world's nuclear weapons combined.
33. A) ll at B) ll in A) delivers B) provides C) liberates D) releases
C) ll up D) ll next
45. The Main Library at lndiana University over an inch
34. A)accept ) admit every year because when it was built, engineers failed to take
C) obtain D) adopt into account the weight of 11 the books that would occupy
the building.
35. A) insure B) provide A) deepens B) sinks C) fa11s D) drops
) secure D) grant

36. A) studied B) enrolled

C) visited D) attended
Section Two: Sentence Completion
37. A) went in B) went up Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letter A, B,
C)wenton D) went off or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, marking
your answers on your answer sheet.
38. A) legendary B) mythic
C) mysterious D) notorious 46. some paper in the printer machine, isn't there?
A) 1t is B) 1t has C) There is D) There has
39. A) hit B) struck
C) lied D) defeated 47. There isn't a forest can't be passed
A) where ... through B) through where ... ---
40. Friendship has inspired many of the greatest and many C) through which ... --- D) Wh1Ch ... thrOUgh

1
of the no est poems and has given us examples of heroic
devotion almost passing the love of man for woman. 48. Little Jenny was excited about her twin cousins visit
A) workings B) steps C) activities D) deeds we couldn't send her to bed until midnight.
A) so ... that B) so ... and C) such ... that D) such ... and
41. Honey is the only food that does not . Honey found in
the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs has been tasted by archae- 49. worries me about my son's girlfriend is her age. 1 think
ologists and found i . she's younger than she admits.
14 A) spoil B) damage C) harm D) worsen A) That what B) That which C) Which D) What 149
 JI' < i ' ir iurr 3011

50. That was one of the most devastating tornadoes that 58. 1 have never lived through such a great humiliation.
A) ever have been registered B) have ever been registered This is
C) have been ever registered D) have been registered ever
59. When you sleep later, you seem to feel sleepier.
The , the

60. What's wrong? 1 have never seen you so misera e before.

Section Three: Sentence Transformations What's wrong? You seem

Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers complete the sec-

ond sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to the first
one.

51. Never have 1 seen anything like that happen to anybody.

1 haven't to PART FOUR: WRITING

52. The matter is so trivial that hardly anything is going to be Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a composi-
done by the police. tion in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of the follow-
The matter is so trivial that the police ing topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the sheet:

53. brother began going out with Nicole as soon as her family
to live in our neighbourhood. 1. Begin a diary-entry with: 1 couldn't recognise the l .
Ever since her family came to iive in our neighbourhood, my On1y a couple of years ago it was a quiet seaside village where
brother family and 1 used to spend a quiet week every summer.

2. You are a free-born animal living in a zoo now. Describe

54. "1t's such a pity that we don't have more time for sightsee-
yourself, your life and your feelings. What animal are you?
ing!" said the 1 1 .
Where were you born? What was your life there? What is dif-
The old lady said she wished
ferent now? How do you feel? What do you dream of?

55. "1' sorry 1 can't give you more detailed information," the
secretary said.
Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composition
The secretary apologised for
is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it wi11 get 0
points.
56. Assem ing a l ship is not a difficult job. Just follow
the instructions.
(Use a modal verb.)
You if

57. 1 don't think 1 interested in your offer. My colleagues won't

be, either.
1 think . Neither
150 151
 TRANSCRIPTS
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
When we talk about energy and alternative energy, a name
that always comes to mind is Nikola Tes1a. He is one of the few inven-
tors who can be grouped together with A1bert Einstein and Thomas
Edison, part of the club of scientists who pretty much changed the
world. However, Tes1a is not very we11 known. Furthermore, other in-
ventors have often taken credit for ideas he had developed.
Tes1a was born in 1856 in the village of Smi an, Croatia. He
completed his studies in his home country, and became an electrical
engineer. 1n 1884 he emigrated to the United States.
Arriving in New York City with four cents in his pocket, Tes1a
found employment with Thomas Edison. However, the two of them
had so different an approach to their work that they soon separated.
Tes1a managed we11 on his own. At the time of his death, he held over
700 patents. His experiments ranged from exploration of electrical
resonance to studies of various lighting systems. To counter l's
fears of alternating current, Tes1a lighted lamps without wires by
allowing electricity to flow through his body.
also became intrigued with wireless transmission of pow-
er. 1n 1900, Tes1a began the construction of a wireless broadcasting
tower on Long 1sland. The project was abandoned when its financial
support was withdrawn. Tes1a's work shifted to other projects, but his
ideas remained on the drawing board due to a lack of funds. Tes1a's
notebooks are sti11 examined by engineers in search of unexploited
ideas.
Two Americans were travelling in Spain. One morning they
entered a 1ittle restaurant for a late breakfast. However, they did not
know Spanish, and the waiter did not know English, either.
So the two Americans tried to think of a way to make him un-
derstand that they just wanted some fresh milk and sandwiches.
At first they pronounced the word "milk" slowly several times. Then
they spelled it. But the waiter sti11 could not understand what they
wanted.
At last one of them took a piece of paper and began to draw
a cow. He was just finishing his drawing, when the waiter looked at it
knowingly and ran out of the restaurant.
152
J ~ <:i i iuilx:'i ii ii ~ liiiii
You see," said the traveller who had drawn the cow, "what a
pencil drawing can do for a man who has difficulties in a foreign coun-
~ 1111
11
try.
After some time the waiter was back, but to the Americans'
surprise he brought no mi1k. He put down in front of the two men two
tickets for a bu11-fight!
Many experts say soap was first produced by the Phoeni-
cians about twenty-six-hundred years ago. The Phoenicians used it
on wounds and to color their hair and to wash fabrics for clothes. The
ancient Greeks, however, are believed to have been the first to use
soap for personal hygiene.
the ninth century, sma11 businesses in 1ta1y, Spain and
France produced different kinds of soap. These sma11 businesses did
not become a large industry until the last century.
One English expression is closely linked to the soap-making
industry in the United States. 1t is "soap opera". Soap operas are radio
and television plays about the pro ems and emotions in human re-
lationships. They are ll soap operas, because the first programs,
years ago, were paid for by soap-making companies.
Like musical operas, soap operas are not about real l .
Critics often say that they do not present a balanced picture of real
1ife. They note that almost everyone in a soap opera has a serious
emotional problem, or is guilty of a crime. And there are several crises
in every half hour program.
Yet, soap opera fans do not care what the critics say. They love the
programs and watch them every day. Such 1oyalty made soap operas
very l in the US. 1n fact, a few programs are so popular that
they have been produced with the same actors for many years.
1 53
 I(' nrv 2011

36. D 1

37. 1
N 38. 1
1. 1 39. 1
2. 1 40. D 1
3. 1 41. 1
4. D 1 42. 1
5. 1 43. 1
6. 1 44. D 1
7. 1 45. 1
8. 1 46. 1
9. 1 47. D 1
10. 1 48. 1
11. 1 49. D 1
12. 1 50. 1
13. 1

14. D 1 :
15. 1
51. 1 haven't ever seen anything like that happen(ing) to anybody.
16. 1
52. The matter is so trivial that the police are hardly going to do any-
17. 1
thing / aren't going to do much / are going to do (almost) nothing /
18. 1 are going to do very 1ittle about it.
19. 1
53. Ever since her family came to live in our neighbourhood, my broth-
20. 1
er has been going out with Nicole.
21. 1
54. The 1 l said she wished (that) they / we had more time for
22. 1
sightseeing.
23. 1
55. The secretary apologised for not being to give (us, him, them,
24. 1
etc.) more detailed information.
25. 1
56. You can (easily) assem e a l ship (easily) / wi11 be to
26. D 1
assem e a l ship easily / without any difficulty / with no dif-
27. 1
ficulty if you (just) follow the instructions.
28. 1
57. 1 think 1' not interested in your offer. Neither wi11 be my colleagues
29. 1
/ wi11 my colleagues be.
30. 1
58. This is the greatest humiliation (that) 1 have ever lived through /
31. 1
through which 1 have ever lived.
32. D 1 ~
59. The later you sleep, the sleepier you seem to fee1.
33. 1

34. 1
60. What's wrong? You seem more misera e than ever / 1 have ever
seen you before.
154 35. 1
 I~ 1. ~ 1 11t1'11 '4))l:111111'11 11'11111 2I)) )

7. Sir Newton's friend sat down to wait for dinner.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
8. The servant was angry with the visitor for having eaten the
Directions: You wi11 hear a text about how a wise judge solved a
chicken.
tough case twice. Before you listen to it, you have 1 minute to read the
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
questions. Whi1e listening for the first time, you can 1 at the ques-
tions and the suggested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes.
9. Seeing the chicken bones under the cover, Newton immedi-
When you hear the whole text, have 3 minutes to answer the
ately realised that his friend had eaten his dinner.
questions on your answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then you
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
wi11 hear the text again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.

1. At the beginning the two brothers often argued about their 10. Sir lsaac's friend confessed that he had eaten the chicken.
work on the farm. A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text.

2. Their father died suddenly without telling them what to do with

his property. Directions: You wi11 hear a text about junk food twice. Before you
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. listen to it, you have 2 minutes to read the questions. Whi1e listen-
ing for the first time, you can look at the questions and the suggested
. The two brothers decided to ask a wise judge for advice on choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. When you hear the
their r . whole text, you have 4 minutes to answer the questions on your an-
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. swer sheet, choosing among A, B, C or D. Then you wi11 hear the text
again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
4. The judge had experience in dealing with such difficult cases.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. 11. The word "junk"
A) used to mean something of Portuguese origin.
5. The judge divided the property himself and gave each brother B) hardly had negative associations 500 years ago.
the right to choose his ha1f. C) refers to goods bought second-hand.
A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No information in the text. D) has always been used to describe things of no value.

12. Junk food

Directions: You will hear a text about Newton's dinner twice. Be-
A) oifers 1ittle body-building nutrition.
fore you listen to it, you have 1 minute to read the questions. Whi1e
B) l be quite harmful to our health.
listening for the first time, you can look at the questions and the sug-
C) often has an irresisti y good taste.
gested choices, but you are not allowed to take notes. When you hear
D) 11 of the above.
the whole text, you have 3 minutes to answer the questions on your
answer sheet, choosing among A, B or . Then wi11 hear the text
13. Which of the following are NOT examples of junk food?
again and wi11 have 1 minute to check your answers.
A) Corn flakes and mi1k.
. Sir lsaac Newton asked his visiting friend to wait for him while B) 1 cream and cookies.

~
he completed his work. C) French fries and potato chips.
156 A) True. B) Fa1se. C) No ;nformation in the text. D) Cake and corn chips. 157

14. The Americans eat junk food
A) because it takes no time to prepare.
B) in order to grow stronger.
C) as they have a limited choice of good foods.
D) because they love its taste.
15. The author of the text seems to believe that
A) giving up eating junk food is much easier than one may think.
B) eating good food is important for sustaining our 1ife.
C) ice cream should often be eaten because of its high food value.
D) meat isn't among the foods recommended by scientists and doctors.
PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow
it and choose the best answer to each question among A, B, C or D,
marking your answers on your answer sheet.
Not that long ago, the possibility of finding planets outside our
solar system was merely theoretical. 1n 1995, astronomers began to
be to detect Jupiter-sized planets by their gravitational effect on
the stars they orbit. And with the launch of the Kepler satellite in March
2009 and the release last week of the data it has so far gathered,
astronomy has crossed a majorthreshold. The Kepler has discovered
1,235 potential planets.
What makes this so striking is the fact that the satellite's in-
struments always point at the same tiny arc of the Mi1ky Way near
the constellation ll the Northern Cross only one fourhundredth
of the sky. The Kepler team leader, William Borucki, at the Ames Re-
search Center in Northern California, says that if the Kepler l see
the whole sky, it would have found some 400,000 planets.
The satellite detects possi e planets by measuring the light of
156,000 stars in its field of view and looking for slight dips in brightness
when a planet crosses in front of a star. 11 of these planets wi11 have to
be validated using telescopes. That wi11 take years, given the limited
number of astronomers and powerful telescopes on this planet.
Are any of the Kepler planets like Earth? Fifty-four of them look as if
they might be the right size and the right distance from their stars to be
158 n a habita e zone, where liquid water can exist.
< i ?(111
As exciting as the Kepler results are, they are also a reminder
of how fictional science fiction with its variety of worlds and easy
space travel really is.
1f we launched ourselves today toward the nearest planetary
system discovered so far at speeds we can already conceiva y
travel in space we wou d have 300,000 years of asking
"when wi11 we get there?" before we got there.
16. Astronomy has reached a new stage in its development because
A) it is now theoretically possi e to find planets in outer space.
B) modern high-tech equipment can be used.
C) astronomers have become better qualified since 1995.
D) a 1ot of data was gathered last week.
17. The amazing thing about the Kepler satellite is that
A) as many as 1235 existing planets have been discovered.
B) it always points at the Mi1ky Way.
C) it has discovered a number of Jupiter-sized planets.
D) it has detected such an impressive number of possi e planets.
18. Astronomers wi11 be certain the planets are really there when
A) telescopes prove their existence.
B) the light of 11 156000 stars is measured.
C) stars begin to shine more brightly.
D) more people get involved in astronomical research.
19. The findings of the Kepler satellite suggest that
A) we l expect to find life on any planet.
B) some stars are the right size to be in the habita e zone.
C) some planets may have conditions of life similar to ours.
D) some planets have stars orbiting around them.
20. The work of the Kepler satellite has
A) contributed to the development of fiction.
B) shown how vast and unpredicta e space is.
C) made 11 science fiction useless.
D) proved the need for powerful space-ships.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
, , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet. 159

The Most Dangerous Game
"Off there to the right - somewhere - is a large island," said
Whitney." 1t's rather a mystery."
"What island is it?" Rainsford asked.
"The 1 charts 11 it Ship-Trap 1sland," Whitney replied." A
suggestive name, isn't it? Sailors have a curious dread of the l . 1
don't know why. Some superstition."
"Can't see it," remarked Rainsford, trying to peer through the
dank tropical night that was almost sensi e as it pressed its thick
warm ackness in upon the yacht.
youve good eyes," said Whitney, with a laugh," and 1've seen
you pick off a moose moving in the brown fa11 bush at four hundred
yards, but even you can't see four miles or so through a moonless
Caribbean night."
"Nor four yards," admitted Rainsford. "Ugh! 1t's like moist k
velvet."
"1t wi11 be light enough in Rio," promised Whitney. "We should
make it in a few days. 1 hope the jaguar guns have come from Pur-
's. We should have some good hunting up the Amazon. Great
sport, hunting."
"The best sport in the world," agreed Rainsford.
"For the hunter," amended Whitney. "Not for the jaguar."
"Don't talk rot, Whitney," said Rainsford. youre a big-game
hunter, not a philosopher. Who cares how a jaguar feels?"
"Perhaps the jaguar does," observed Whitney.
"Bah! They've no understanding."
"Even so, 1 rather think they understand one thing - fear. The
fear of pain and the fear of death."
"Nonsense," laughed Rainsford. "This hot weather is making
you soft, Whitney. Be a realist. The world is made up of two classes
the hunters and the hunted. Luckily, you and 1 are hunters. Do you
think we've passed that island yet?"
"1 can't te11 in the dark. 1 hope so."
"Why?" asked Rainsford.
"The l has a reputation a bad one."
"Cannibals?" suggested Rainsford.
"Hardly. Even cannibals wouldn't live in such a God-forsaken
l . But it's gotten into sailor 1ore, somehow. Didn't you notice that
the crew's nerves seemed a bit jumpy today?"
"They were a bit strange, now you mention it. Even Captain
160 Nielsen."
2011
"Yes, even that tough-minded 1 Swede, whod go up to the
devil himself and ask him for a light. Those fishy eyes held a look
1 never saw there before. 11 1 l get out of him was 'This l
has an evil name among seafaring men, sir. Then he said to me, very
gravely, 'Don't you feel anything?' as if the air about us was actu-
11 poisonous. Now, you mustn't laugh when 1 te11 you this 1 did feel
something like a sudden chi11.
21. Whitney
A) tries to see an island.
B) suggests a name for an island.
C) mentions an island with a suggestive name.
D) 11 of the above
22. The yacht is sailing on
) a foggy day.
) a dark night.
) a rainy afternoon.
D) a l winter evening.
23. Rainsford and Whitney are going to
A) Rio and then hunting up the Amazon.
B) Ship-Trap 1sland.
C) the Amazon and then to Rio.
D) the Purdey company to buy guns.
24. Rainsford reproaches Whitney for being
A) philosophical and insensi e.
) a big-game hunter.
C) afraid of jaguars.
D) a sports person rather than a hunter.
25. The island is so sinister that
A) even cannibals would not live there.
B) the crew is getting jumpy.
C) even the captain seems to feel uneasy.
D) 11 of the above.
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it
and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among
, , or D, marking your answers on your answer sheet. 161
 i ' 21111

The end of the party 26. Peter woke up

A) in the middle of the night.
Peter Morton woke with a start to face the first light. Rain tapped
B) long after sunrise.
against the glass. 1t was January the fifth. looked across a t on
C) with a start.
which a night-lamp shone, at the other bed. Francis Morton was sti11
D) at sunset.
asleep, and Peter 1 down again with his eyes on his brother. 1t amused
him for a while to imagine it was himself whom he watched, the same
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
hair, the same eyes, the same lips and line of cheek. But the thought be-
A) Being twins, Pete and Francis had a strong connection.
boring, and the mind went back to the fact which lent the day im-
B) Peter felt uneasy when he sensed his brother's nightmare.
portance. 1t was the fifth of January. l hardly believe a had
C) Sti11 asleep, Francis waved his clenched fist.
passed since Mrs. Henne Falcon had given her last children's party.
D) A big bird had entered the room through the open window.
Francis turned suddenly upon his back and threw an arm across
his face, ocking his mouth. Peter's heart began to beat fast, not with
28. The text suggests that
pleasure now but with uneasiness. He sat up and ll across the
A) Francis was afraid of Peter.
t , "Wake up. Francis's shoulders shook and he waved a clenched
B) Peter felt responsi e for Francis.
fist in the air, but his eyes remained closed. To Peter Morton the whole
C) Francis was in physical pain.
room seemed to darken, and he had the impression of a great bird
D) Francis clearly remembered a big bird.
shadowing the room with its sprad wings. He cried again, "Wake up,
and once more there was silver light and the touch of rain on the win-
29. The fifth of January was a special day to Peter because
dows. Francis rubbed his eyes. "Did you 11 out?"' he asked.
A) every year on this day Mrs. Falcon gave a children's party.
you having a bad dream," Peter said. Already experience
B) there were always cakes and prizes at the party.
had taught him how far their minds reflected each other. But he was
C) children competed in different games at the parties.
the elder, by a matter of minutes, and that brief extra interval of light,
D) 11 of the above.
while his brother sti11 struggled in pain and darkness, had given him
self-reliance and an instinct of protection towards the other who was
30. Francis did not want to go to the party because
afraid of so many things.
A) he was too young for parties.
"1 dreamed that 1 was dead, Francis said.
B) he hated parties and in general.
"What was it like?"' Peter asked.
C) two girls had embarrassed him.
"1 can't remember," Francis said.
D) he was afraid of the other boys.
" dreamed of big bird."
"Did 1?"
The two 1 silent in bed facing each other, the same green eyes,
the same nose tilting at the tip, the same firm 1ips, and the same prema- PART THREE: USE OF ENGLISH
ture modeling of the chin. The fifth of January, Peter thought again, his
Section One: 1 Test
mind drifting from the image of cakes to the prizes which might be won.
"1 don't want to go," Francis said suddenly. "1 suppose Joyce Directions: Read the text and the sentences below and for each num-
wi11 be there... Mabe1 Warren." Hateful to him, the thought of a party bered gap choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or phrase that
shared with those two. They were l than he. Joyce was eleven best suits the gap, marking your answers on your answer sheet.
and Mabe1 Warren thirteen. Their long pigtails swung with determina-
tion. Their sex humiliated him, as they watched mockingly how he 1 the Octopus (reportedly hatched January 2008) was (n)
struggled with his egg. And last year... he turned his face away from (31) octopus from Weymouth, England, who lived in a tank at a
162 Peter, his cheeks scarlet. (32) attraction, the Sea Life Center in Oberhausen, Germany. 1 163
 : i 2011

became internationally famous after his feeding (33) were used 42. Octopus vulgaris is with sensitive chemical receptors on
to correctly predict the winner of each of Germany's seven matches in its tentacles, which are used to taste food and sme11 the water.
the 2010 Wor1d Cup, as we11 as the (34) of the final match. A) gifted B) supported C) equipped D) attached
The prediction process was simple. 1t was based on 1's
choice of order of eating identical boxes of food. PauI was presented 43. Heavy rain and snow storms are for the whole next
with two boxes (35) the same amount and type of food. Each week.
box was marked on the outside with the flag of a national football team A) foretold B) foreseen C) forestalled D) forecast
in an (36) match. His choice of which box to start eating from
first was interpreted as indicating a (37) for the country whose 44. Octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, which 1-
flag was on that box. His selections were correct in four of Germany's lows them to tight places.
six Euro 2008 matches, and in 11 seven of their matches in the 2010 ) squeeze out ) squeeze through ) pass onto D) pass by
Wor1d Cup. He also correctly selected Spain when they l against
the Netherlands in the Wor1d Cup Fina1 on 11 Ju1y by eating the por- 45. Ancient peoples of the Mediterranean were aware of the octo-
tion of food in the box with the Spanish national flag on it. These pre- pus, as by certain artworks and designs of prehistory.
dictions were 100% (8/8) correct for the 2010 Wor1d Cup and 86% A) ev denced B) to d C) d p ayed D)announced
(12/14) correct (38) 1's (39) success was considered
to be r to a run of luck when (40) a coin. Scholars
(41) that there are "other animals (including humans) that have
Section Two: Sentence Completion
attempted but failed to foresee the results of football matches." They
haven't had 1's success of being right so many times in a row.
Directions: For each of the sentences below, choose the letterA, B,
31. A) usual B) simple C) plain D) ordinary C or p of the word or phrase that best completes its meaning, marking
your answers on your answer sheet.
32. A) commercial B) selling C) trading D) economic
46. The 1ittle girl is ashamed she dares not look up.
33. A) conducts B) acts C) behaviours D) actions A) too ... that B) so ... that
C) enough ... and D) much ... that
34. A) solution B) outcome C) end D) finale
47. 1 have often said that this child to no good, if he
35. A) including B) consisting C) comprising D) containing hanging around with idlers.
A) wi11 come ... keeps B) would come ... had kept
36. A) overcoming B) ongoing C) upcoming D) outgoing C) would have come ... kept D) wi11 come ... kept

37. A) win B) gain C) beat D) conquest 48. impression was that nobody anything about the
matter without being paid.
38. A) wholly B) totally C) together D) overall A) would do B) would be doing
C) wi11 have done D) wi11 be doing
39. A) seemly B) apparent C) appearing D) outward
49. Are you going to stay ti11 the end of the meeting or with
40. A) casting B) hurling C) tossing D) throwing for a bite?
A) you are coming B) you come
164 41. A) point for B) point at C) point out D) point to ) are you coming D) do you come 165
 I fpcnucrcu 2011

50. "Taking a candy from a baby" is considered to be the 59. 1 won't be going out tonight. My boyfriend won't, either.
thing imagina e but few people have tried to check whether 1 won't be going out tonight and my boyfriend.
it is really so.
A) easier B) easiest 60. We must find someone to paint the house before the autumn
C) most easy D) most easily rains have completely ruined it.
We must have the house before it

Section Three: Sentence Transformations

Directions: On yoursheet foropen-ended answers complete the second

sentence so that it is as close as possie in meaning to the first one. PART FOUR: WRITING

51. The Headmistress suggested throwing the Halloween party in Directions: On your sheet for open-ended answers write a composi-
the gym instead of booking a disco-c1ub. Then we could use tion in standard English of about 160-170 words on ONE of the follow-
the entrance fee for charities. ing topics, marking the topic you have chosen on the sheet:
"Why ?" said the Headmistress.
1. You are the notice board at a school like your own. De-
52. 1 don't believe that he can recite 11 his lines without making scribe an ordinary day at the school. What are the l who stop
a single mistake. in front of you? What are the things that most often attract their atten-
1 can't imagine him tion? What are the notices that make them happy or unhappy? What
do they talk about? How do you feel at that school?
53. George wished his parents were not so strict.
"1f only " dreamed George. 2. Write a motivation letter for a part-time job. Explain your
desire to work as a . Specify your qualifications for the job. State
54. "1s this your first appearance on the stage?" the interviewer asked. your expectations about working hours and pay. Keep within
The interviewer asked her if it was the first time the register of formal language.

55. Do you think anyone wi11 manage to create artificial intellect? Mind that in case of plagiarism, identical texts or if your composi-
Do you think anyone wi11 succeed ? tion is under 80 words or totally irrelevant to the chosen topic it
wi11 get 0 points.
56. 1 regretted not telling my parents the truth.
1 was sorry

57. Learning to play an instrument is not easy. You should have

an ear for music.
You unless
(Use a modal verb.)

58. Two lion cubs are reported to have been born in the zoo late
last night.
1t is reported that
166 167
 i + u 21111

TRANSCRIPTS visiting friend explained how matters stood. After a hearty laugh, the
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION hungry scientist sat down to dine in the company of his friend.

Once there lived two brothers. They worked together on their

father's farm. They were very honest and got along together very we11. "Junk food" is food that tastes good but offers 1ittle body-build-
But one day their father got very i11 and soon after that he died, leaving ing nutrition.
his farm and fields to his two sons. 1n his last wi11 he told them to divide The word "junk" comes from the Portuguese language. Five-
the property equally between them. hundred years ago, junk meant 1 pieces of rope. 1n the centuries that
However, the brothers l not agree how. Each wanted to followed, junk came to mean any kind of waste material that somehow
have the better part for himself. l be put to use. Finally, l began using the word junk to -
After some time they even did not speak to each other. At last they scribe anything with no value. So, junk food is food with 1ittle or no food
went to a judge who was very wise and always knew how to settle value.
such difficult matters. Everybody must eat to stay alive. We eat good food so we can
The judge listened to them carefully and then he said: "The grow strong and stay healthy. Food with lots of body-building nutrition
matter is very simple. We sha11 divide the property in this way. One of is as important to life as the air we breathe or the water we drink. How-
you wi11 divide it in the way he thinks is best and the other one wi11 then ever, we also eat food for another reason: because it tastes good.
have the right to choose whichever of the two parts he prefers." Many foods offer both nutrition and good taste. Junk foods do
1n this way the case was settled and the two brothers lived not. They may taste great. But they have 1ittle nutrition.
happily ever after. Americans love junk food: potato chips, corn chips, French
fried potatoes, cookies, ice cream, cake. The list goes on and on.
Of course, some of these foods do offer some nutrition. 1 cream, for
l , is made
from rich mi1k. Few l , however, eat ice cream because of its
Often Sir lsaac Newton got so l interested in seeking an
answer to difficult pro ems that he became quite absent-minded. One
food value. They eat it because it tastes so sweet and l on a hot
day one of his friends came to see him, but was told by the senrant that Sir
summer day.
lsaac was busy in his study and that nobody was allowed to disturb him.
Scientists and doctors warn that l should eat less junk
As it was dinner-time, the visitor sat down in the dining-room
food and more good foods: fresh vegeta es, fish, meat and fruit. 1t is
to wait for the scientist. The servant in and l on the t a
easier, however, to criticize junk food than to stop eating it.
boiled chicken under a cover. An hour passed, but Newton did not ap-
pear. The visiting gentleman, feeling somewhat hungry, ate the chick-
en, and covering up the bones, asked the senrant to prepare another
one for his master.
Before the second chicken was ready, however, the scientist
entered the room, apologizing for his l . Then he added: "As 1 feel
rather tired and hungry, 1 hope you wi11 excuse me a 1ittle longer, while
1 take my dinner, and then 1 wi11 be at your service." With these words
he lifted the cover, and without emotion turned round to his friend and
said: "See what a strange kind of l we scientists are! 1 quite for-
got that 1 had dined l ."
168 At this moment the servant brought in the other chicken. The 169
 spenorrcx 2011

36. 1
37. 1
Na
38. D 1
1. 1
39. 1
2. 1
40. 1
3. 1
41. 1
4. 1
42. 1
5. 1
43. D 1
6. 1
44. 1
7. 1
45. 1
8. 1
46. 1
9. 1
47. 1
10. 1
48. 1
11. 1
49. 1
12. D 1
50. 1
13. 1

14. D 1

15. 1
:
16. 1

17. D 1
51. "Why don't we throw the Halloween party in the gym instead of
booking a disco club and/so/then we l /can use the entrance
18. 1
fee for charities?" said the Headmistress.
19. 1

20. 1 52. 1 can't imagine him reciting / being to recite 11 his lines with-
21.
out making a single mistake.
1
22. 1 53. "1f only my parents were not so strict," dreamed George.
23. 1 54. The interviewer asked her if it was the first time (that) she had ap-
24. 1 peared on the stage.
25. D 1
55. Do you think anyone wi11 succeed in creating / the creation of arti-
26. 1 ficial intellect?
27. D 1
56. 1 was sorry (that) 1 hadn't told my parents the truth.
28. 1

29. D 1
57. You can't easily learn to l an instrument unless you have an
ear for music.
30. 1

31. D 1 58. 1t is reported that two lion cubs were born in the zoo late last
32. 1
nlght.
33. 1 59. 1 won't be going out tonight and neither / nor wi11 my boyfriend.
34. 1
60. We must have the house painted before it has been / is completely
35. D 1 ruined by the autumn rains.
170 171
 cuc wamocnr

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