Makroutrien

The first six (C, O, H, N, S, and P) are components of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids.

Calcium (Ca2+), among other functions, contributes to the heat resistance of bacterial
endospores.
Iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) is a part of cytochromes
and a cofactor for enzymes and electron-carrying proteins

Micronutriens :
Manganese : (Mn2+) aids many enzymes catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups
Zinc (Zn2+) : is present at the active site of some enzymes but is also involved in the
association of regulatory and catalytic subunits in E. coli aspartate carbamoyltransferase
Cobalt : component of vitamin B12
Molybdenum (Mo2+) : for nitrogen fixation
Nickel : untuk urease, hidrogenase,koenzim metanogen
Copper : untuk respirasi, sitokrom c oksidase,fotosintesis
Growth Factor