Gl Acid Gas Sweetening with DEA G1i.1 Process Description In this example, a typical acid gas treating facility is simulated. A water-saturated natural gas stream is fed to an amine contactor. For this example, Diethanolamine (DEA) at a strength of 28 wt in water is used as the absorbing medium. The contactor consists of20, real stages. The tich amine is flashed from the contactor pressure of 1000 psia to 90 psia before it enters the rich/lean amine exchanger, where itis heated to the regenerator feed temperature of 200 F The regenerator also consists of 20 real stages. Acid gas is rejected from the regenerator at 120 F, while the lean amine is produced at approximately 260 F ‘The lean amine is cooled and recycled back to the contactor.EE Recommended amine strength ranges: Eas ‘Amine we MEA 15:20 DEA E55 TEA, MOEA 35-50 DGA eS Figure G1.2 cas 10 SrasToR ‘There are two basic steps in this process simulat 1. Setup - The Component list includes C1 through C7 as well as N2, (C02, H2S, 1120 and DEA. 2. Steady State Simulation - The case will consist of an absorber scrubbing the inlet gas using DEA solution, which will be regenerated in a distillation column. Sweet gas will leave the top whereas the bottom stream wil be sent to a regenerator column, An analysis on both the SWEET GAS and the ACID GAS will be performed to satisfy the specified criterion.Pci eros) Input Area, ‘Temperature 5 F Pressure 905 pala Liquid Voiume Flow | 190 USGPIA Water foie Frac. | 0.720 DEA Mole Frac. 0.280 eon tr er G1.2 Setup ‘The Amines property package is required to run this example problem, This isa D.B. Robinson proprietary property package thet predicts the behaviour of amine-hydrocarbon-water systems. The components to bbe selected are N2, CO2, H2S, Cl, C2, C3, I-C4, n-C4, -C5, n-C5, C6, C7, #20, and DEA, Clone the Field unit set. Change the default units for the Liquid Volume Flow to USGPM and the Molar Flow to MMSCED. G1.3 Steady State Simulation ‘The following major steps will be taken to setup this case in steady state: 1. Installing the DEA Contractor - A 20 stage absorber column will be used to serub the SOUR GAS with DEA solution DEA TO CONT). ‘The SWEET GAS will leave from the tower from the top whereas the pollutant rich liquid will be flashed before entering. REGENERATOR, 2, Regenerating the DEA - The liquid stream from the absorber will be regenerated in a 18 stage distillation column. The ACID GAS will, be rejected from the top and the regenerated DEA will be send back to the DEA CONTACTOR, G1.3.1__ Installing the DEA CONTACTOR Feed Streams Before the amine contactor can be calculated, an estimate of the lean ‘amine feed (DEA TO CONT) and the inlet gas stream (SOUR GAS) must be provided. The stream specifications are shown here. The DEA TO CONT values will be updated once the recycle operation is installed and thas been calculateda EEE rere uo) Input Area [Ente “Temperature T2000F WL Pressure 7000,0000 psia [Motarriow | 25 NISCFO N2MoleFrac. | 00016 COR ole Fac. O08 HS Molo Frac. oor 1 Mole Frac. 0.9892 CE Mote Frac 0.0389 3 Mole Frac. 0.0088 TGA Mole Frac. 00088 G4 Mole Frac. 0.0028) 165 Molo Frac. og OB Mole Frac. 2.0072 ‘08 Molo Frac. DooT8 GT Mole Frac. 0.0072 H20 ole Fret 0.005 ‘DEA Mole Fra. 0.000 Any free water carried with the gas is first removed in a separator operation (V-100): Eran! Tab puRATea [Ents Feed SOUR GAS Design Vapour Oatet GAS TO {Connections GONTACTOR Uquid Ont FAK ‘Design [Parameters} | Pressure dep Opal DEA Contactor Before installing the column, select Preferences from the HYSYS Tools ‘menu. On the Simulation tab, ensure that the Use Input Experts check box is selected (checked), then Close the view. e110ee ‘The contactor can now be simulated. An Absorber column operation is installed with the specifications shown below. The Amines property package requires that real trays be assumed in the contactor and regenerator operations but in order to mode! this, component specific efficiencies are required for 12S and CO2 on a tray by tray basis. These proprietary efficiency calculations are provided in the column as part Of the Amines package. Tray dimensions must be supplied to enable this feature. Es Geen [age si hen af tmput Areas oy ca Entry oe eeines| No.of Stages 20 “Top Siago net) | DEA TOCONT ease Bottom Siage inet | GAS 70 ConTacTOR ‘Ova Vapour Outlets) | SWEET GAS Bottoms Liquid Outlet] RICH DEA Topo 385 psa Pressure Profile Bottoms 1000 psia "Temperature ‘Top Temperaturen) | 100 Estimates Bottom Temperatures | 160F For the Contactor, itis recommended that the program calculate the efficiencies using the Tray Dimensions shown in Figure G1.4. These parameters enable component specific efficiencies to be calculated by estimating height of liquid on the tray and the residence time of vapour in the liquid. These values can be supplied on the Tray Sections page, ‘ating tab, in the Column property view. ounes rte Using this information, the component specific tray efficiencies can be calculated. Run the Column, and once it has converged move to the Efficiencies page on the Parameters tab. Click on the Component radio ‘button and make note of the efficiency values for CO2 and H2S on each tray. HYSYS provides the component tray efficiencies but allows you to specify the desired efficiences, ‘The Stream RICH DEA from the absorber is directed to Valve VIV-100, where the pressure is reduced to 90 psia, which is close to the regenerator operating pressure. ‘Gases which are flashed off from Rich DEA are removed using the rich amine flash tank (FLASH TK) which is installed as a Separator operation.on Tableagey | inputArea | Ent rabTeage) | WRpULAER Tae Talat RICH DEA inet | DEA TO FLASH {Cormections) | Outlet DEATOFLASH | | Design ™ ™ {Connections} | VapourOullet__| FLASHY oak Pressure (DEA | 80 Tiquid Outlet | RIGHTOUR Worksheet | TO FLASH TK) - {Conaitionst | jpsiay G1. 2 Regenerating the DEA The Regenerator ‘The stream RICH TO LIR is heated to 200 F (REGEN FEED) in the lean! rich exchanger (E-100) prior to entering the regenerator (which is represented by a distillation column). Heat is applied to break the ‘amine-acid gas bonds, thereby permitting the DEA to be recycled to the contactor. Pee caicaey |afatateace) Sys esis] AMUNAreR TEE Tube Sia ecgn conection) | Bese Onl REGEN FEED Shel Sie REGEN STIS Shel Side Oulet TEANFROMUR ; Tubeside Dela P TOpat Design [Parameters] | Sheiside Delta P 10 psi ‘Worksheet Temperature (REGEN | 200F {onettions} FEED) ‘The amine regenerator is modelled as a distillation column. There are 20 real stages - 18 stages in the Tray Section plus @ Reboiler and Condenser.ore Peer n lacie) Input Area on No. of Stages 16 Feed Streams (Stage) _| REGENFEED(®) | ‘Condenser Type FullRefx Connections ‘Ovid Vapour GIO GAS Botoms Liquid REGENBTINS Reboler Duly RELRG Condenser Duly ‘CONDG. Condenser Pressure | 275 pela Prossure Profile Cond Delta P 25 pst Reboller Pres. 315 psi For this tower, the component efficiencies will be setup to be constant at 0.40 for H2S and 0.15 for CO2, The efficiencies of the condenser and reboiler must remain at 1.0, so enter the efficiencies for stages 1-18 only. To set the new efficiencies press the Reset H2S CO2 button, and then type the new efficiencies into the matrix. Specify a Damping Factor of 0.40 on the Solver page, Parameters tab, to provide faster, ‘more stable convergence. sTab rage] ti Condenser 10 Parameters Reboier 10 {Eficiences) TIS 15002 _| 0.15 TISw TTS HS | 0.80 Paramotors [Solver|_| Damping Factor 040 Add a new column specification called Reboiler Duty vie the Specs page of the Design tab, as well as set the default specification s shown below and delete the Refiux Rate and Buus Prod Rate specification from the Column Specification list in the Column property view. ‘The T Top and Reboiler Duty specifications should be Active; the Reflux Ratio and Ovhd Vap Rate should be set as Estimates only.ees stage Spec Valve Name Reboier Day Energy Stream ROLRQ Spec Value 1.3607 stun L |[-te 7 Desires) | Se Converse Flow Basis Moise Spec Velue os Nome [ona vapRae | Deaw ACID GAS Flow Basis Mole Spee Vave 2.0MMSCEO ‘The reboiler duty is based on the guidelines provided below, which should provide an acceptable H2S and CO2 loading in the lean amine, Recommended Steam Rates Beemer) ee rc Primary Amine (e.g.MEA) | 0.60 ‘Secondary Amine (e.g. DEA) | 1.00 Tertiary Amine (og. MOEA) | 1.20 DGA 730 Water make-up is necessary, since water will be lost in the absorber and regenerator overhead streams. A MIXER operation combines the lean ‘amine from the regenerator with a water make-up. These streams mix at the same pressure. Define the composition of MAKEUP 120 as, being all water, and specify its temperature to be 70°F Specify its flowrate and pressure to be 2.195 USGPM and 21.5 psia, respectively. ors Ger LE(¢o[prabtragel se | : E THAKEUP 20 {Gonections] LEAN FROM UR Sata DEATO GOL Design Paranal | ASsurment | Lovett “perature WAREUP | 70F Heo) Workshoet Frese WAREUS | BIS pe [Conditions] a0} Tig Wal Faw GER | SSSLSGE WAKEUP H2O) Tone too GP" Wortahost 2 Wass Frc is Teompostiont | (maxeuP H20) Cooler E-101 cools the lean DEA on its way to the main pump. Pump P- 100 transfers the regenerated DEA to the Contactor. A recycle is installed in the Flowsheet between the Pump and the Contactor. Eeeatonn) — inet DEA TO PI DEA TO COOL. Qesign n ‘Outi A rae Teaetionsy LOutet DEA TO RECY Pesiee tions) [Suet DEATO PUMP. Eneray PUNPO Energy Steam | COOLER Worksheet Temperature] | 95 De Pressure Drop | Spsi [Conditions _| (OEATORECY) (Parameters) ‘The Coolerand the Pump Use a Set operation (SET-1) to maintain the pressure of streamt DEA TO ‘operations will remain Unconverged until tne Set ‘operation has been installed. RECY to be5 psi lower than the pressure of the gas feed to the absorber ‘Torget DEA TO RECY Connections "Target Variable Pressure Sous GASTO CONTACTOR Taplin 7 Parameters OFfsei = orseines Seu {At this point the recycle inlet stream is fully defined, ond a Recycle operation is installed with stream DEA TO RECY as the inlet and DEA ‘TO CONT s the outlet. The lean amine stream, which was originally estimated, will be replaced with the new, calculated lean amine stream and the contactor and regenerator will be run until the recycle loop converges, To ensure an accurate solution, reduce the sensitivities for Flow and Composition to 0.10 from 10.0, a Pa0e) rInputAre ER oes Food DEA TO RECY Prodeek DEATO CONT rameters ow oo Troterancs} [composts [0s G1.4 Simulation Analysis “The incoming sour gas contained 4.1% CO2 and 1.7% H2S. For the inlet ‘gas flowrate of 25 MMSCFD, a circulating solution of approximately 28, ‘wt. DEA in water removes virtually all of the H2S and most of the CO2. ‘The sweetened gas leaving the DEA contactor is shown to the left. The conventional pipeline ges specifications is no more than 2.0 vol.% CO2 and 4 ppm (volume) H2S; the sweet gas produced easily meets these criteria, G1.5 Calculating Lean and Rich Loadings Concentrations of acid gas components in an amine stream are typically expressed in terms of loading of the amine - defined as moles pour 7.000 “Temparatore FT 35.205 Pressure [psi 9950 Wolar Flow (MMSCFD] 23.425 ‘Mass Flow (Bini) 48595, ig Volume Flow (USGPM)_| 200.7 Feat Flow (Btu) SoTeOT T2 Mole Fras ‘O00T707 Ca Malo Frac e.000826 HS Mole Fac. 0.000000, Ci Mole Frac 0.926748 Caio Fe. ‘ooaTeTt 3 Mole Fac. 0.008820, 104 Mole Frac 0.002775 104 Mole Fre. 0.003095 165 Mole Frac. 0.00148 ‘CS Mole Frac. o.00T28t ACS Mole Fras. o.00182% C7 Mole Frac. 0.007684 20 Mole Frac. 0.000885) DEA Mole Frac 7.000000 of the particular acid gas divided by moles of the circulatingamine, The Spreadsheet in HYSYS is well-suited for this calculation, Not only can the loading be directly calculated and displayed, but it can be incorporated into the simulation to provide a "control point” for optimizing the amine simulation, Also for convenience, the CO2 and H2S volume compositions for the Sweet Gas stream are calculated. ourpoe EE ‘The following variables were used for the loading calculations. ‘The following formulas will produce the desired calculations, eae = ‘coz 125 ‘The acid ges loadings can be compared to values recommended by D.B. MEADGA [05 036 Robinson, shown to the right. DEA 0a 030 TEAMDEA | 0.30 020 ore