1 Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to prepare soap.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan sabun.

Distilled water / Air suling

+
Mixture/
Sodium chloride / Natrium klorida
Soap/
Larutan
Cool/ Sejukkan
Heat / Sabun
Panaskan
Larutan P+
DIAGRAM / RAJAH
Unsaturated 1.1
Fat
Lemak tak
tepu

(a) Name the process of preparing soap.

Namakan proses penyediaan sabun
...................................................................................................................................
[1marks]
[1markah].

(b) Name the solution P

Namakan larutan P

.
[1marks]
[1markah].

(c ) (i) State types of homologous series of unsaturated fat.

Nyatakan jenis siri homolog lemak tak tepu.

..

[marks]
[markah].

(ii) Unsaturated fat is a good fat from plant.Explain why saturated fat is unhealthy for
human being?
Lemak tak tepu adalah sejenis lemak yang baik daripada tumbuh- tumbuhan.
Mengapakah lemak tepu tidak baik untuk kesihatan manusia?.
.............................................................................................................
[1marks]

1
 [1markah].

(d) Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of a soap ion.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

C-O-
CH 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
||
Part / Bahagian X Part/ Y Bahagian
O

DIAGRAM/RAJAH 1.2
(i) Which part is soluble in the water and grease based on Diagram 1.2?
Bahagian manakah yang larut dalam air dan gris berdasarkan
Rajah 1.2?
Water/air:

Grease/gris: .
[2marks]
[2 markah]

(e) Glass and ceramic are widely used in our daily life.
Kaca dan seramik digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan harian
(i) State a reason why glass is used as laboratory apparatus instead of metal.
Nyatakan satu alasan mengapa kaca digunakan sebagai radas makmal bukannya
logam.
.
[1mark]
[1markah]

Test tube Beaker Combustion tube

Tabung uji Bikar Tiub Pembakaran
Diagram/Rajah 5.3
(ii) State the type of glass that used in making the apparatus in Diagram 5.3
Nyatakan jenis kaca yang digunakan untuk membuat alat radas dalam rajah 5.3?
......................................................................................................................
[1mark]
[1markah]

2
 (f)

Photo chromic glass is a composite material.

Kaca fotokromik adalah salah satu bahan komposit

What is composite material?

(i)
Apakah bahan komposit?

[1mark]
[1markah]

(ii) Name one of the component in photo chromic glass?

Namakan salah satu daripada komposisi dalam kaca fotokromik?

[1mark]
[1markah]

(iii) State one of the characteristic of lenses made from photo chromic glass.
Nyatakan satu ciri lensa yang diperbuat daripada kaca fotokromik

[1mark]
[1markah]

Natural rubber is obtained from latex secreted by rubber tree. Latex is a white milk-like fluid. Table
2 shows the results of latex coagulation.
Getah asli diperolehi daripada lateks yang didapati dari pokok getah. Susu getah merupakan
cecair yang berwarna putih seakan susu. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan pembekuan susu getah.

Procedure Observation
Prosedur Pemerhatian

3
 Latex coagulates immediately
X solution is added to latex
Susu getah menggummpal dengan
Larutan X ditambah kepada susu getah
cepat
Latex coagulates slowly
Latex is exposed to the air
Susu getah menggumpal dengan
Susu getah dibiarkan terdedah kepada udara
perlahan
Table 2

(a) Based on the Table 2, answer the following questions.

Berdasarkan Jadual 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(i) What is solution X ?

Apakah larutan X?

................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[1markah]

(ii)
The coagulation of latex will also occur when it is exposed to air. Explain why this
happens.
Proses pembekuan susu getah juga berlaku apabila ia terdedah kepada udara.
Jelaskan mengapa ini terjadi.

......
[ 2 mark ]
[2markah]

iii) Suggest a solution that can be used to prevent latex from coagulating.
Cadangkan satu larutan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghalang pembekuan
susu getah.

................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[1markah]

4
 (iv) Name the monomer of latex.
Namakan monomer bagi lateks.

.........................................................................................................................
[1markah]
[1markah]

b) During the preparation of soap, a concentrated alkali X is added to oil or fat. The mixture is
heated and then sodium chloride is added. The general equation for this reaction is shown
below.
Semasa proses pembuatan sabun, larutan alkali pekat X di tambah kepada minyak atau
lemak. Campuran kemudian di panaskan bersama dengan natrium klorida. Persamaan
tindak balasnya adalah seperti di bawah.

Based on the equation above, answer the following questions.

Berdasarkan persamaan di atas, jawab soalan soalan berikut.

i) Definition of saponification
Definisi saponifikasi
..
[ 1 mark ]
[1markah]

ii) What is alkali X ?

Apakah alkali X ?

..
[ 1 mark ]
[1markah]
iii) Why is sodium chloride solution added to the mixture?
Mengapakah larutan natrium klorida ditambahkan kepada campuran?

5
 ..
[ 1 mark ]
[1markah]
iv)
Describe briefly the cleansing action of soap.
Huraikan dengan ringkas tindakan pencucian oleh sabun

..

..

..
[ 5 marks ]
[5markah]

c) Diagram 2 shows the structural formulae of two cleansing agents X and Y.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi dua agen pembersih X dan Y.

Cleansing agent X:
Agen pembersih X :

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COONa

Cleansing agent Y:
Agen pembersih Y :

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COSO3Na

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Based on Diagram 2, compare the effectiveness of cleansing action of agent Y to agent X.
Explain why.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, bandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pembersihan agen pencuci Y
berbanding agen X. Terangkan mengapa.

..

..
[ 3 marks ]
[3markah]

6
3

Jus Benzoic acid is an example of

Oren food additives in manufacture of orange juice that can be used when
processing food.
Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan dalam
pembuatan jus oren yang boleh digunakan semasa memproses
makanan

(a) What is meant by food additives?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bahan tambah makanan?

7
 ...................................................................................................................................
[1mark]
[1markah]
(b) What is the function of benzoic acid?
Apakah fungsi asid benzoik?
...................................................................................................................................

[1mark]
[1markah]

(c) The implication of taking excess food additives can cause side effects.
State one side effect to the consumer.
Implikasi pengambilan bahan tambah makanan yang berlebihan boleh menyebabkan
kesan sampingan.
Nyatakan satu kesan sampingan kepada pengguna.
...................................................................................................................................
[1mark]

[1markah]

(d) Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of

medicine used to cure patients.
Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat
yang digunakan untuk mengubati pesakit.

Type of medicine Example

Jenis ubat Contoh Table 3 shows the
Antibiotic Penicillin information about
Antibiotik Penisilin
types of medicine.
Psychotherapeutic medicine
Tranquilizer
Ubat psikoterapeutik Jadual 3
Trankuilizer
menunjukkan Table 3
maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat. Jadual 3

(i) What are the functions of penicillin and tranquilizer?

Apakah fungsi penisilin dan trankuilizer?

8
 Function of penicillin:.
Fungsi penisilin
Function of tranquilizer:.
Fungsi trankuilizer

[2marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After two days of
taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops taking the antibiotic.
What is the effect of this action to the patient?
Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang
diberikan. Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut berasa sihat
dan berhenti mengambil antibiotik itu. Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap
pesakit?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

[3marks]
[3markah]
(e) Diagram 3.1 shows the structural formula of analgesic.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi ubat analgesik.

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.1
(i) Write the molecular formula and empirical formula of analgesic in Diagram 3.1?
Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi analgesik rajah 3.1
Molecular formula:.
Formula molekul:

Definition of Molecular formula:

Definisi Formula Molekul

9
 .

Empirical formula:
Formula empirik: .....................................................................

(ii) Definition of Empirical Formula:

Definisi Formula empirik:

..
State one similarity between molecular formula and empirical formula of analgesic
in Diagram 3.1
Nyatakan satu persamaan formula molekul dan formula empirik ubat analgesik
Rajah 3.1.
Similarity:
Persamaan:

[5marks]
[5markah]

(iii) Analgesic in Diagram 3.1 medicine is not sutable for children below than 12 years
old. Name the medicine.
Ubat analgesik Rajah 3.1 adalah ubat yang tidak sesuai untuk diambil oleh
golongan kanak umur bawah 12 tahun. Namakan ubat tersebut.

[1mark]
[1markah]

(iv) Calculate the relative molecular mass of ( e ) (iii) stated

[Relative Atomic Mass: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
Hitung jisim molekul relatif bagi ubat ( e) (iii).
[Jisim atom relatif: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]

[1mark]
[1markah]
(f) (i)

State two precautious step should be

taken by the patient during taking the antibiotic.

10
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga jaga yang sepatutnya diambil oleh pesakit semasa
mengambil ubat antibiotic.
..
.
[2marks]
[2markah]

11