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    27 views7 pages

    Septic Tank Design - 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    ryan27165378

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 7
    Septic tanks Septic tanks ‘Septic tanks are watertight chambers sited below ground level which receive excreta and flushwater from flush tiles and other domestic sullage (cllec- tively known as wastewater). The solids settle out and break down in the tank. ‘The liquid remains in the tank fora shor time before overflowing into sealed soakaway or dranfield where it infiltrates into the ground.A permeable soil is «essential forthe soakaway ofunetion propery. ‘Septic tanks must be emptied periodically (for instance, every three years) and the solids disposed of hygienically. Tiss usually done with a vacuum tanker. Septic tanks allow safe disposal of wastewater, particularly in ural areas ‘where it might otherwise godirectly into rivers. Septic tanks can also be used in urban areas (provided a suitable site forthe soakaway is available) but other ‘options such as pour flush latrines, aquaprivies or sewerage may also be selected, based on financial and technical factors. Septic tanks canbe later connected to small-bore sewersif so desired. Further information concerning small-bore sewerage and other forms of sewerage are covered in Fact Sheet 3. Septic tanks have the advantages of litle maintenance, isolation and partial treatment of excreta, few odour or fly problems, and the possibilty of subse- quent connection toa sewerage system, Their disadvantages are high cost of construction; the need for periodic mechanical emptying; the need for large volumes of flushing water ;and the fact that soakaways can overflow if not designed, built and operated properly. Septic tanks are only suitable where flush toilets are used and there are reasonably large amounts of domestic sullage tobe disposed of. They are therefore most likely to be built where there isahouse connection toa water supply. Septic tanks produce liquid effluent which mus be disposed of by infiltrating into the ground. The liquid effluent contains large numbers of germs which are dangerous. Itisimportant that they are only disposed of by infiltration, thus septic tanks should only be built where the soils permeable and the liquid effluent they produce will infiltrate. Where soils are very permeable, however, there sarisk of groundwater contamination from soakaways, particularly where the water table is high ‘The permeability of soil ean be assessed by measuring the percolation rate, as

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