1.

OPTIMIZED LOCATION OF AIR-CONDITIONING UNIT INSIDE OFFICE ROOM

TO OBTAIN GOOD THERMAL COMFORT

This study used the computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the indoor thermal
environment of an air conditioned office room for three different locations of air conditioner unit.
. The office room model includes four persons, one computer and two tube lights. For three
positions of an air-conditioner unit and one position of furniture arrangement in an office room,
the air velocities, temperatures and angle of incidences were analyzed to achieve the maximum
comfort for the occupants. With Fluent, as solution tool, kepsilon model for turbulence flow
were used for the analysis.

The numerical results showed that the occupants will experience more comfort if the air
conditioner unit is placed on location II compared to the other two locations.

This work can also be extended to more complex air conditioning system like the
industries, auditoriums, hospitals, industries as well as shopping malls.

2. THERMAL AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN A HEAT SINK

ABSTRACT

Due to rapid developments in the electronic industry, including a dramatic increase in

chip densities and power densities, as well as a continuous decrease in physical dimensions of
electronic packages, thermal management is, and will continue to be, one of the most critical
areas in electronic product development. It will have a significant impact on the cost, overall
design, reliability and performance.

The present trend in electronic packing industry is to reduce the size and increase the
performance of the equipment. The objective is to achieve high power densities. The cooling of
the modern electronic component is one of the prime areas for the application of the thermal
control techniques. In the present scenario, design of heat sinks for electronic components under
different conditions is the prior criteria for a designer. So the design of the heat sink must mainly
emphasize on the efficient heat transfer.

In the present work various approaches to design a heat sink for forced convection mode
of heat transfer are studied and appropriate approach that optimizes the design is found.
Subsequently heat sink is designed and compared with simulation results that can be obtained
with FLUENT software package for the same conditions.

3. HYPERSONIC RE-ENTRY VEHICLE

ABSTRACT
The main task of the project is the evaluation of the Aerothermodynamic analysis of re-
entry trajectory. Computational fluid-dynamics results are presented to show the flow field
around a blunted coneflare in hypersonic flow. This problem is of particular interest since it
features most of the aspects of the hypersonic flow around planetary entry vehicles. The region
between the cone and the flare is particularly critical with respect to the evaluation of the surface
heat flux. Indeed, flow separation is induced by the shock wave boundary layer interaction, with
subsequent flow reattachment, that can dramatically enhance the surface heat transfer. The exact
determination of the extension of the recirculation zone is a particularly delicate task for
numerical codes. A numerical approach has been adopted to study the flow field that develops
around the EXPERTS capsule. Laminar flow computations have been carried out using a full
NavierStokes solver, with free stream condition with two different Mach number. The CFD
solution is abating to study the 3D flow filed around the EXPERTS capsule. The results and
description performed as for the results obtained by the numerical solution.
 4. AIRFLOW AND THERMAL SOLUTION OF VME BOARD

ABSTRACT
The VME board is the most popular form factor for military and defense embedded
systems, and is also extensively used in aerospace industries as well. These boards are designed
to address the problems caused by growing constraints in size, weight and power in military and
commercial applications as well.

The aim of this thesis is to find out a good thermal design of VME board as per the
customer requirements by utilizing the CFD techniques. Owing to time-to-market requirements,
CFD analysis allows to complete thermal optimization long before the product test can be made
available bringing about financial benefits and timely engineering support during product
development.

Thermal management is an important part of design process of any electronic system

since its performance; reliability and safety are highly dependent on the temperature at which its
component junction operates. The primary goal of a good thermal design is to ensure that all the
components on the board function at their rated frequency or speed while maintaining the
junction temperature within a specified limit.

By conducting the CFD analysis of the board, optimal placement of components on the
board and the heat sink solution for the critical components are found out. The results are then
compared by building a prototype and then testing under actual conditions.
 5. UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS OF FLAPPING WING using FLUENT
software

ABSTRACT
The aim of the project is to evaluate the influence of angle of flap on lift and drag in a
flapping wing flight. To do so aerodynamic analysis is done on flap wing using cfd simulations.
Flapping wing aerodynamic performance has been only concentrated on motion under calm and
clear atmospheric conditions. Small atmospheric disturbance such as gust wind could lead to
flapping MAV (Micro Aerial Vehicle) great damage. Employ FLUENT software as the flow
solver, the motions of flapping wing are simplified, 3-D flapping wing aerodynamic parameters
such as lift and thrust in unsteady flow. Finally, the flapping wing behavior is simulated in gust
wind conditions through existing gust wind profile, and results show that the lift did change with
the wind speed. As wind speed becomes larger, the lift also varies violently and may lead to
detrimental situations. Weather influence always exists for design of wing.

6. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Rocket Nozzle

ABSTRACT

A nozzle is used to give the direction to the gases coming out of the combustion chamber.
Nozzle is a tube with variable cross-sectional area. Nozzles are generally used to control the rate
of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the exhaust stream that emerges
from them.

The nozzle is used to convert the chemical-thermal energy generated in the combustion
chamber into kinetic energy. The nozzle converts the low velocity, high pressure, high
temperature gas in the combustion chamber into high velocity gas of lower pressure and low
temperature.

Our study is carried using softwares like gambit 2.4 for designing of the nozzle and
fluent 6.3 for analyzing the flows in the nozzle.
 Numerical study has been conducted to understand the air flows in a conical nozzle at
different divergence degrees of angle using two-dimensional axisymmetric models, which solves
the governing equations by a control volume method. The nozzle geometry co-ordinates are
taken by using of method of characteristics which usually designed for De-Laval nozzle. The
present study is aimed at investigating the supersonic flow in conical nozzle for Mach number 3
at various divergence degree of angle. The throat diameter and inlet diameter is same for all
nozzles with various divergence degree of angles. The flow is simulated using fluent software.
The flow parameters like pressure, Area of nozzle at exit are defined prior to the simulation. The
result shows the variation in the Mach number, pressure, temperature distribution and turbulence
intensity.

7. JT9D AIRCRAFT ENGINE-

A THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND FLOW SIMULATION
ABSTRACT

The engine is the power house of the entire aircraft system. The performance plays a key
role in any commercial aircraft companies. The aircraft is analyzed for the best performance with
characteristics like low specific fuel consumption and high mechanical and thermal efficiency.
Many standard aircraft based industries works on analyzing of the engines and steps needed to
improvement of the engine efficiencies.
The JT9D engines are most prominent and important engines of Pratt & Whitney, an
American based aircraft engine manufacturer. The JT9D engines are widely used for BOEING
AIRCRAFTs, which is the leading aero based company in the world. The JT9D engines are
being used in 747-100.it is the 1st engine with high bypass ratio to power a wide-body aircraft.
In this present work, JT9D aircraft engine is selected for the thermodynamic performance
analysis. The performance of each mechanical component is estimated for the realistic
conditions. The overall efficiency of the engine, the detail study and performance of the engine is
estimated. Various design parameters are affecting the performance of the aircraft engine. Hence
three basic design parameters are selected for the engine, which are altered to estimate the
performance changes. a new theoretical model of engine is proposed by these new characteristics
obtained by varying the design parameters.
 The engine is modeled in GAMBIT 2.3.16 and it is simulated using FLUENT
6.3.26 for the investigations of the engine characteristics. Computer aided analysis helps in better
performance estimations and results. The fluid flow is visualized in the engine providing all the
suitable and realistic conditions. The realistic 2-D modeling predicts the further possible
investigations and help to analyze the engine to match the real industrial performance
calculations.