D.

skin, hair, and nail include assessment of intergument

Skin color variations locations and description condition areas

bluish (cyanosis) incrased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin heart or lung

disease, cold environment nail beds, lips, mouth, & skin (severe cases)
pallor (decrease in color associated with hypoxia) or reduced amount of
oxyhemoglobin.
Vitiligo congenital or autoimmune condition causing lack of pigment, lips, patchy
areas on skin over face, hands, arms.
Yellow orange (jaundice), increased deposit of billirubin in tissues, liver disease,
destruction of red blood cells.
Moisture: hydration of skin and muscous membrane. Observe for dullness, dryness,
crusting, and flaking.
Temperature: palpate the skin with dorsum of hand. Temperature depends on the
variation in blood supply.
Texture: the character of skin surface, normally smooth and solt.
Turgor: skins elasticity to assess skin turgor, a fold of skin on the back of sternal
area is grasped with finger tips and realeased. Normally skin lifts easily and snaps
back immediately. If the skin remains pinched when turgor is poor.
Vascularity observe for ptechiae.
Edema: areas of skin become swollen due to collection of fluid in tissues.
Lesion.

Hair and scalp

Hair: note the color, distribution, quantity, thickness, texture, and lubrication of hair.
Scalp: check for lesions, lump or bruises.
Nail: inspect the nail bed for color, cleanliness and length; thickness and shape of the
nail plate, the texture of the nail; the angle between the nail and the nail bed. Apply
gentle, firm pressure with the thumb to the nail bed and release it. As pressure applied
nail bed appears white or blanched. Pink color should return immediately on release
of pressure.

Calluse and corns are found on the toes or fingers.

Callus is flat and painless caused by thickening of epidermis

Corns are caused by friction and pressure from shoes.