590 Imborttant QuesHan For GPse dy Chat Abs jada cas | loduras op ctanvcity (©) : Sess 2 “ swan A) Shean modulus of Modulus Of sigiditg Sheon sruress | ©, Shean Stxain 3) Poison satio (A) = Latenaisiaain Linear Strain © FO bom 5 Fon Plastic body (Rubber) "2840 042 Jonetartie metals 0-1 490-2 fousConerete, Hie M'= O-286 fon mite tect | than brittle me sais i" jot / vet vee Mole: AL a guieaiea fon ductile meta thvorumernic fiaain of (ytindsteal ban =. Longisudinay sikh y Baclaneie ing iets (h) Volumetic Strain of sphere = BX DiaMeIAIE SHaaiA fc ih 5) Relation betticen E, GK, At E> moduraa of tanticity Be ay Gz Shean moduna an | EG = BRLIM 2M) | i mericat austen. « modutus of org 4 E = 26 (1441) Comned prom emi k= buik meduius ae lesan, es Oke vt MH /Porson ano, || , Beta]. | [Noto A=, Tp niith nated tom is + Ms 3k-2G é 5p bunic modubyy = Dirxees Ae Cha 2G *h worn AERRGRRE CO RGRETEL 6.9 ESS CUST CI ; i womagenou and | HSotopic, “ij Ob totwobic (Weed) g i" 7 Tr y4slitm> ( fis) Anistaopic mn) emprd b>Xi1 t ha ea ere VWs tahen bar cb ace 49 exband , Phen Mhete hun bd he thermal Sess « |. due to change in temp» ey, povesn) cond pail F 18) Howes tons ci vatid Upto Propontisnal Ymike Rae: 4 |9) @iecb: Pejormation of SiHuciure under susan doading GH _ : dur 40 cyclic oyenierse eyliie doodling:10" DaNecsion Of beam 2 i) Gren ation fon the deflection of beam M= EX A%y ( Saaaing and i} General: cumpsion hen § a TIE Unwin 1 Hye) 2 Ms -Erd?y (sagging ond | TARE lv dountbaed ‘deltec Hon (We ET = rremwne stgidity Tone wor Figwie PTET Tape 7 i) SimPty Suphonted bean] ie Yes wat LAL2_ (ad sabpest) tutte tetas Baink [Aer ae “er, stead: ‘ % | ; aot J Sienbry Supported bean]. wpe hoy . soerui * | Aetithy 4 Uni joxraty Ke 8 ye= Swat it? (at auppont) | distaibuted oad - Baeer Saal ' ote: Lt yor , ‘wtiit Senge | ye* sist L Serer ta 1 13) Canvieves beam ; cas 5 7 [wim a!peint toad at Yes wae Wi? at (Face end), the pete end © — 1 Ber Ey 4) cantitever bearn t'th | Yes Jc unijormty dist a Yo = wit» WLS cab Ereg end) j dead - Sond ar bss : : ‘ Is) Conk teve# bearn with ; wis © graduanty varying ae dead a : 16) Fined team cowoying center point toed 1) Fixed bear camyi Tal | unrpiiny il fact rre Sept alt : ; | Joad ie pa . 5 8h, i , > Has y bir 1 Le “ ee it Beer” |13) Plax Shean staess developed in a bedrs Of © Hectyngulan - £5 oy 3, tay A, 7 U Tenay dt rag at Neuhat aad ma, Targa quien ears Rabio Of max shea Stress of rectengaton Cincaiaa AccHon, Ratio of marr Shean siress 6) circular aes nia Seah, eranguiesy cincmart > 4 Tay bave 12): Cowumn: Vvorical memes Coowying Qeiat Compnessve antes Strut 1 May be howizontal, Inclined, even verWeal te! Long column pails ures, Suse p> crippling Lead neeing. a $ Shont colurnn geil s = ee ie evanhing Macy DI) End Colinton TEWRRVEROR Clg) F) Bows end Hinged Jasco 2) one end fixed and des ae"! ; ‘then pace 3) Both end fired. we ‘t : Aone end weed gad | x23 era, Other end layed | AEE 13) Tension ewatian sz EB . Polar ramen! of incr ha 42 | Nokes [ (Shean stacas Anourd be maxrn, = vy : 4 + Ab exvieme bse sh Shagt ee 4 © CAnge of tisial eb mnaxrmat G= aneon rode Houy sec | Free end of Shab) 1 pa@=pAnaiscPLRMPE > gab GBH ady w= Length of ahah | 32. 1) Readily oy, Besta’ ad + . de arsed click *14) Potan roadie ox Polar AeHon eWay” i = RANA BOO | f ey aa We Moving xenon Cap) =p. 08eN) Ye at 15) Posten srvanimiticd in the Aratt Ps 2mntT att aan Kw we Zan ‘(radisec) i ‘i ‘Eo008 60Ta) Ratio of Strain encrgy Jon Solid Gnd hovvoW! Shayl Subsected 4 Sametorue iy outaiele die of oth shalt One cura! oe OUT Sivan emct ay Haanoed Brad? utaide dia "gs quumerical Question may be sea ot d= anside dia asked ror thi ethia tion: Gores! {parade ata’ WO 'albieie “oy outside dia! thes uphat di ratio of Unover! s seid nei lid2 doll andes GPa yOr z Note! Sometimes caved Usotid eee i 3 howe ° Se W8) Rawo Of tonulé Wcate Bf! Hotton Gnd Aotid Aha}! Aubtected to Strte maxrn ahean Stress A + dome | Twowow = Dt—d b ae dia E=_ ptumenteat Question tise! OF ey = outtde | Tsoitd Dt i may be asked prom | d= anilde Ba, his ewtion: } . 19) Elect of Pune bending 6m aholt ects 8} Pune tension tr shalt = 2m ez erincitataness' | Cman's LOT Umar mown ROS —_O= Hia’ aj chalt aES tr o> ending rnemnent | Fon evs ntumesieat Question Sikes Lihat wi rato of friiacipic stesso | a max Aiiean stacks! ) ia Ther = TH Aemaae ud hs | ons 148 | ra | : “naa Lb F Be) Cormmine eject of bending And Aomsion Princ) stave se . FE Printintennee CPE elie iste eigen taba: Wot t ao8 Maybe auked Combing eles T Max shean aitess = ( ere ae 1 Gl sienna teste LT Gosidered ) 2Yee@urvaren, Bom = | tines Eauivatent tore 5. PMEaTe oy vy 1 ;a 22) Theos 9h se i) Maxrn Principle Stress —> Rankine theony —> 31a: goed fort britite materials ii) Maxen Prinelple Strain —> SL: Venanth theory Sus good jon! bitte Abtebiala fy Maxrm Shean stress Gruest 8 esa theory —y 34-0 goad for AW CHile enh |i) Max Kran Stool / —y Mises —Hepiky Ahewry —y GP i goed for ducite math Distondton enceay theory ¥) Maxrn Strain eneray thery 7 Haigh theony —y tht theany doo not predic faitune cobneeny ! 8) Bending moment J max uinere Shear fonte diagram change | From positive (ve) 40 negative (ve) on’ Shean forte sb Ze%0 24) ‘the Point kihore bending rnoment change ign (On For) a known o> | Point of Conmraptenune s, Ist genera pry deus 4 verhanging Inedmn | 25) Resilence : The Siutain erenay Stored in a body duc 49 external donding Within etaanfe Wircit sb enowin aa stesitence 6) Proof restience: The max Singin energy bihich Can be Stoned in a body ‘ Upto clastic Limit’ cated ‘Paso atesiiedee 1 i (©), phodutus of 21esitence + Prod aestlence. | ‘yolume oj a rated) |4) The Strain encssy Stoned in a body ik ss Aubsceted 40 “tensile 03 Compressive voed = 62 yy ner ae c) Strain encnay Stoned in aboly habaected #o/Aneaw Mess CL)! | wx / { 2 ; ' 26) Stress induced in a body Under different medo of LoNding | YGraduaity appiied toad= vey, w= doad ( Shoms | yl ne eee Note Humes icat Question Pb) suddenty appied ead = 214/, 7 aed from thaeguatign | ©) Fasting toad (Shockioud) = Ri aera ES bhyand Ahe- . eel lo (eRe aso of Suddenly abbed 40 graddaly atpplied ond, ib racuairy abpiisd oad en 2 2A = ype "2 me of sudkley ae a ee oases cand aeJ} Printipie plane: The plone ushich COTY no shea Stress, ony, | dincet saness « b) Magnitude of dace), MACS Qomss a Pmincibat biage ud known a || Porigaiteal Sars a he 28) Sraess on G folanc oblitiie SecHon of G Body Subsected to dincet Sts! in ons plane Y) Nonmat giness (= ©C0S% (masa ab = 0" Sama ii) tangentiat ont G7, Sin2e Hox adO= Jo'on 240" ‘ 0 Astor 138 a) Resulavund eg= Ferg yr tmar= Sy sinarts ; - - Stett xs Singe= 4 ea, Note: Numerical question ated byere thi etalon mene Aheein AES? (T ghee) 28) Stores. onan obliwe BecHon Of a body, Aubsected to dinner Stress in Amo muruany Poybendicnan aeaction CACY + 1S Cy C020 | mar = O= i) dana s¥seas! Con! fe POR Uo) Uplek bey Fences ' 1 ' ral z, Tangential Maas on sheqamtarss LE) =) CATEYSIN2e Conay a ' Umar = €x ~ ey zu Hh) Resuront stacss= Gaz fenma ie Mote: Numenicat euestion may be asked frre ths Question: Bo) Stes on a obtine Section ofa body I one blaine AcCornpained by Simpie Sheae seeds: irs | as Shear = 2 = mars Ea. + Y Jer eaGas]™ ain tummeneas Quaitan © ond Ermine Ca Tags giver : Sa — yw Ten raesye a timers Y, Year 44 (ery) BY SASS On A ObIITIE AccHon oj @ body in MO MmAMWOTY Ney dhection Atcormpdined by Ahean Aavews 1) RAE SRS [Cees) haa leg In pumeeot anen Bp 8 1491) s\¥en brnint eves Ye, EE EO Bi ire Ts Meda A ay) Bima: =), festeseaatenc len mot| Sa) Maxt, Ahean Alacss, Of Moby Cincle uh Y, Eidiflerence Praca shy (Tmax) = i lea ©3) cml ‘ : Note Radin of Mob Mohor cieete © Ib graphical method of nding homme, tangential nd vtesuitant Stress en, a inclined pleine . 83) Reration beareen erating moment (mM), Sheos force ($) and loading rale(v 9) Rate of Change of Shear forts us equal +0 toad (13) se =F ge = vi] of w= 6 8) Rate of charge of (Ge Us eiual to Ancor behts om We : dM = Sy] on F _ nlote: At hinge Ger) uit Zere Degree af doading cwrve = Degree of Shear bots =, 04! Degree of Gem nse A) Thin arena ih thickness Of wath ofthe At Lr dees ham ajigno sen tametor di catled thinahenls! Tet .¢_plfelp, 1c “thick Aes $b 7D 0.0 ie 18 4S i) Loarinanat snes (61) = BAH) Hoop sirens} pognitasrnt anes ed 4 enfou at . ji) Hoop sets (ec) = A ; a Pir 11) Hoop strain /Longnitidinal Strain ee (“Ay 14 ane neon tacotnen aL fH) Yoinnctate stn = 964 (4a) ee Ue Nature: Lognitadinal, Hoop stan —y Tensile al innatune we Note; numeniray Q1eiors may be ated furs ¥) Hoop fercamfnateh shin» Pe (24 Wi) wotumenic Sam ipy (Stam) | B¥AHon He ‘Rabie of hoyprtes 40 LoraHuding a Shes notes Radial and hoop’ Vary hy eaboticayy % ‘tein nie iG Ans cuLiaHion ,\. gag) TERRAIN TT FEE pale dge Yella i) cantitever Beara ith Sg ; : Seo Le =e r * Jetaxmat Ksed end =] 04 at bred end zeal end] Sea Lafont iB) 2) Cankiteven beara With pata eh dl \ 1 wll a Maxmat fixed endeWhy Maxrn Gir, Teevo.at face end = wa? habe: Right angicdé | stape - parabolic B]Canirever bears ith greduany vaaying ee [yrs eens tae z ~et : moxmot sed end | saken' ara ‘ wn 4) Simpry Suptoned bear wot Pa ae hee LH shape= Recrangic | shabe: Rian annie} 3 snap. Pavatoltc jw hs Haymes’ Wredend bL Saray mam Gime Lay ba [esperd | Aah 1 Shilbe'> stand Samonibpeatis ab Ages tc en oi oe iE ooh + | wn? ne Marte ob ited era C= ) Mo mae even = Wy Shabe= Right ansieda] Shape = Parabeta * Moles Nurmeni¢al Bhicction Andy belated. prom thi fig Fon ex A cantilever beam gl aength 2th, casio. a ali Eh HS] tal Jen over itn comsrehfe Themayen, a ren Micon bree ot Anal > wit = (sox? = gon 7 | exe 2300}Bo) Fr care of Sect pthe Strainiat yierd point ah Ovt25:/ i 3A) Rankine pownuter wi Auitable bon Any type Of Cluny Rankine combont fon! Adiphehent rnatenials + aiidiveet = yy) Timber = ace ceariwn = Yaa, : Wrought json 308 38) Gending ewiation = 1 = Ems Bending Moment ROH Molment of ihc ati on Note: AL Meutal axis bending streasy zeve Ge bending Stress i Bictance pose Ceneidal aaa A béarn Ui poidl 0 be uiae benlaing Kas Compan Gp and, Ze we Anear fore Sen Danae rhe Shs Wii young modulus , Re beare | 3m Simple bending of bears, Stvres ina i ' bear vanies Wncanty — — he linen a beann wi Aubert 18°B.M pthe Sty a ary point at dionecity frvehottorst | tothe datance of bolnt tone the Neuter Axby a) Tensite teers uae on AUEHE Hotei Compnession test Gi useel, Jory bat Hhe materials ; ss UL Mate Stress = Likimate toad @ress~ necrional Once Breaking Stness = prcaking Joad 3 soit Ere357 Ae enol Gea og Fos = urimate stress 5 4 “Working ees” 40) if Percentage neduction Anca e| maletalaul 6077, and & =40 Pat Tan it | mai enai ya raame luenle thang. Pracenvage elongcition A ui! So ductic than a Br4oy Bt meam Bb mone i err 41) Fallune of dom — i : “ sD. Temion= Resuntant mrtist We! aishhin middle thisd of baie width Qi) cree terning = Resgttaint rm ie shin Hidde tied of bate saath 4 F, 2'409 8h dame shane 3} kot lor ieatescea aches’ nat) asad Be ersceal i Rs Une een metas sive dims ariDs prevent RE chung Dhnilonany ante base oy dan the mayege Bless & Permissible Btacss iy maronany 42) Maxm sivegs octumat bare may = (4) wes 6 ' Smin = w. % 1) Liesit of efenmicig Y= 6u- eo CM Py) ~ y= ening sree Go Haire | wanes, ©) os 3 CAL EhA Ee (thet Op ) (i) Fon civcatan ection” €K dyg 5, Hamots cinulerein Numerical Question may be caved vac) 4) Stocas in bar duc fo Hy oun ky Gk= WN? + 2E Stress in ban duc te fenicat Acensh Ati wth 45) Staess in ban of uni “as engin foun PAedUND | 109 Y For aectanguian Acction @ < TP > Monon! Rectangylaa €¢ B04 bd €0ce0-) << pradr ¥o Mitkemect fe fp 7 nani Susstion cna tesnaned Bety tapbeund Chreuiae Acchro eee Aedes 46) Modutus of erauricity oy Soreecteige- eee Tere Fek> Charactenyne 4 : Strengin Tensile Strengin Of Concrete Inpecine =) Ov TRE Gaeta Imenical BiteStion asked FO ip MIogrede = Sooosig 1 FoR Hurenical Buestion arked For i} MI grade = Sooosito " CGhERIEA GMS | Ut) gyeeay See t 44) Paoiiat Salery {actor or | Con [eo siect = as | to ' 48) Fei = Feet 6 US te Fete= chamacreniatie S4rength - on Fra = Mean stacngth a Frr= Fei a bens § = Standard jelevirhon | , Wa) trade Of tonere Hofdmaiyls Mid4e Mie OMS eis 18, aT een ee TT cig, Ee eg ae tale chlacent hens] So) Post tensioned = MSD Poicteraioned = Mao Rec Siructune "= M20 Pee. Mao wan Ko (rn) = Simessinstee) | 2280! “amen Bence inedew | Bebe 52) Leveranm = A-h/g) on Cd-ordeaa) 2 us debin apstan dls effective dept 53) Singly vteinjerted bearn Steet di provided on tenon Ade « d= effective dete ea Dz everatacbh 9 | 4 o-scPu-bxa eS FEI AT ye clebinoy stons ” NY} TE Se r fine Neural axis) || ere Srl eta af a vt laisse ol To calculate debt 0} navi (au) tension zone AMR Be Batab | mre py Anal betel Bal! Oa bee deta pt A r -36 Fab Feais then ais ease a ahecaited mid steer or Fesoo then fy >ce0 Painateci (hot: Numerical Ovation ray be autced * ibe tuneeel Fes a tye Feseo si amt y S4) Vo fing goriticar depth oy wleutral axis (Xuan) | ' Xumar= O-S3ad_ For Feaso 2 O'4ed For Feds o O-46q Fon Fe soo SS) Combare if uy xumax = OvoIeinjerted Aection > Concacie dcucha m mara XO = Kuma ANS arma, Underbalanced = Overncinfoxed) = +99 Comba sed togericrere + critical naa 1 Actual Nasty Les below eniRcar magia: Actsal N-Aaxiy dia above 50) Limiting moment of orsintinte (mulim) © Onn4g babe pease gvade FOnse bdr yy Feats grade Gh Numerical Quertion nay be ekg) 61138 bP Re Fe S00 grace ib, a, Fee WO giwn: eho54) Singly areinjonted "T bean» 1 6 eee = Betz cflective Mid Ah of ange , buts Width of bye {Lt : de egfective depth. ' TE __ frange Feb resin shear i) Elective width of Mange Of Tham vo + but ede | yt bean » L bears 5s) if Ud oF —y NeAxindioin Hangeanca Aux BF = debth of Warge chth of Naat Xu yD~ > NeAvis io in Meb ance $3) _Deverepment dength (td) = dest ~> For wm (aorking Stes method) Albd : poe rid Nove! Unde bond Macs 1 Tepends bor grade of concrete ANY = Flos Lst ( Limit statememod ) Grade of net M20 MOS Mo OMS Mound Ged (oifrmn) Be Bhenmudetinn meaige gactigaly wring ky Note: i] ban ub deformed means 415,500 grddk Akéet then Ted shouted be Increared by 6O% mean teda'ed | : iy baw Gin Compacssion then Cad wb inercared by 25%/ means Tod ste Note: Numerical Question mag"be aimed pend tha easton. Fox example qo caltutate clevelsbrnent dengin of M20 grade and Tels Lele Axorgaxgis. (baw as delermed that sony multibly by tC 7Go) tethen hooks axe formed in defosrned baw , internal nadiuys = 34 (8) The anchorage Vaile of Standand U-tybe hook Gh erual te = 16> i A 4. dlavop be (@) The dength of dab or etc nberceent ban in temlen= 35 should hor he, . ‘ ess than Lber cl) the dengin of dap Jor 2icinferteenent bin Companion = EOE. Mntcheite La on 244 ee \) bond dength uled for splicing bor wi etal = S8>61). Design of Shear strength of (OncreFe (1c) Mlthoal Ahead Steinforteiniat | Le depend Upon grada of Concretey Percentage of Site y (&) Nominal Ahean A488 (Ly) = LM = Ahean force ' ' bd be vwiath eMective deb <) lv} temak da eWectie deb an Lemar = maxim ahean Atress Mith 2cinjerccenat Lvs Nominal Ahean stvst 62) Minimarn shea acinjorcement (Sy'g g.t4s Fy Aey i} Asvic Area of dhl on ae VAeinfores went es Sa ibeal oe pana decree ment &) Shacing of Shear vteingorcement (Sv) i) Sve 2:45 Fy asy Minienurn of 15 Gi9cini) aa shacin hiesha © | elshebalneialencement nd fi) QFASd (Fone rical SHomubs ) “(For incitned stinvupa? d= ehicetive depie 64) The ventical detection Wirnil 4) Type beam Shan ‘ effective debrh ev cert eerie eae ee Oy Fox simpry Subbond > 2.0 (i) For Continuo = —> 26 Q) Final depiction duc toar doady including elbect Of ternby Ceecb, shrinkay:, and meauncd fromm pe03, sto}, Should Not exceed = San, 250 a qe AnoUIA Not cveeedd ; = Shah on 2emnns, ©) Dewieesion inctuding shleet of ternby Creel, and shrink kahichever | lene 66) Minienurn Aerwion aicinjertement Dba Ty f Maxm tension and Computession scinjortement = 010440, (47, OLB.) 164) Fon, Plainbans (Fe2so) yb eel Arca Of disbibutionioteihfreerent dy * OF45%h Ob AG: (Ag= Arcarey quote) For Feaiv on detsmed barr = 0+19°/./Ag. Ac woin\ola 68) Nomina! cover foot diferent member ©) Bedim= asm, Siab> Dosesomrn’ ‘Colimn=Aorwn fotiag= Soren: @8) then Q beam dubséctéd Yo torsion i} debth of bean mone man 4somm Fox a beam not hibited to 4orsion if debth of Heb exceeds 1somm Athen Side seinjowemnent ail tual 40 = 061% Ag Ye) Stendeaness thio = ehective tength rae Oy ean sindius of Syston “Strvin Stenin= (EE) Te Moment of inertia x A> 12> Longcoumn Nol: Numerical Questor’ ene he D<12 -y Short Colurnn cuked.” WH) Load carving capacity, box short tonmnny tong cota, encase Apc ESC ASC + ec AC] “7 Shentcolumn Is @vte = evs Yaoenpbete el ce = Stress In Concrete Poe (ese ase t ccene) TY Longeiume ne’= “Ared's} tht Ace! Age Ase y Pe vos ( Shorkéchnan wih) Cv > neduction feta, Hellcat reinfetmn e: FOSCr (ese ASC HECEAL) ay Long Cdn Lith hetical, rink mesma}, Note Helical aieinfoiement Strength ah Ceivrnnsl Increased hy S 7s 92) Minimurn nes of baw in stectangutes ¢slumn —> 4- , Minium ines ob low in cinculas 'estumn “Fe! etinimum diaio, bar in column — 12.nMA Shang Wercen torgatudinat bas = S00mr> Longitudinal atcinjorternen ee 1 ' 4) Minimurn anrea of Glen = 0-87 Ag ; b) Martaxtaley eieei = GY Ag “Sy baw oncnet JaHped aay baw ane tabled= makes CO Ya dean Binal: Sith Paks 4B) Thanvowe acintorerent Ch) Nogitudinal ban . Cy ben ip Leas datenat dirmenion Fe (B, 6/8 mane reg 8) Boom « HA) Pitch (OP) PMinienurn, urn > maim Ft + Bore 5908 Dom | AS) Brain ie ecentaricity on! Emin ¢ 0-05 D + Shomt axtatty teaded cotumn Pus Gatceac + OCT gael AC) Concertsicany doaded Colurans: @= 0-7 column ab trutty axially Leaded Pus Oras reine + OASFYIASC Joy 34d a0 wed le > O-8s wement Shouid net exceed 34 “Vahtcnaer Googe aenwer AY) Pitch of baw of main orein ch of baw of tremvene an distainytion neinfertoment should net! exceed Sd fei Coamn, Fox Cantiever Aleus 19) 48) Wy 72 oneHaystah shan ig i; ‘Overandeb>h 1 1 ay Ate i C2 Siac one dinec an ahould net exceed > 12 Slane (perca.sic py goneacse Anta dy = Jonger eivcetion Seo ain sul Aree Sewer direction ee for Se Okie Coniauow Alb > 35 oe eis AZ) MaxM bending moment ofa Simbly, suppented then eYfeckve, alebin of ste ai Ame Re Bo) Tio Way lal Aimbly Suphanicd On jour edge Kith Cones held doup and wmtying ad) di Analysed by A) ascode (b) marcw —(n)- pigeaud rctheel *83) Torat tnicuness Of @ flat Atal in no care AhoUld be less thm. 3s nay Horar! thigkness ofa Halt Alab should Not be UeSsthan _L. Ferinctesor i Se Panel sta « dvop : 1A gh" tteter P48 Bact sith 1% choy 2) The minkhard depth of looting According to nanKing [warmate Grg Gi [issice sy Tasing 83) Pies foundation vi AUHable Fon heavy Stouctare Such ar blyover in Sapdy Beit @ Kien foundation J Auifable fox: batdges, © Prccaat pile Wied 'foor enenem design doadd ‘of $e teensy - # CAaSI-in Aiki piles, Wied fort al ground (onditign ~© Pile foundation ud a deep foundation 34 ut uaed uhen top Asiled melalevely Keak, on Sal ub nierteriossed,* A) AcConding to mankene theany ,antenily of achive Paessune to move the stetaining Jam ef hE UH) | 4 : Pas WAPI. sing ising _ b) Total active pyessune Por unit dength of Stebdining. kart Per wun T saaing T] AF Hs cere he ate & ibang’ €) The overtteining Moment duc to active prcssune at Ave af retaining sa M= WH] isin sing a Fos of duc $0 oyer ening ancl Aiding wd taken ad 2 and 45 Q Retaining wan wusith bt: exCeeding Gop Qn wauanty provided ui Counten tort Pathe Sharing o| thé Countenforts wi Yq toy, of HE eb reletning wart + v5) Post temicining can be acheived by fowonsing methods) | ' i) Preyssinet (b ) Magne! Barton. ce J GiWjord meted (A) Lee me ent BE) Loss ob Prresgaressing i) tess of presiress duc te cach ol(oncrste 31 Manica fromm! 4-5 dented oy 4-0 dry (ehdition iy) Loss of fprestness duc 4a 2tetavation of St6CT! 2:7. 17, of age Intel Abnes Wi) Loss of pnestncss due to shinkage afronteck= Stor Ty Less of parses die to Alib tn anchorage ' WA) Loss of prestress dtd to, Shomtening el ontork » vy) Less of prrestness duc to JatcHon: Bi) Concept Of dood balancing = pininumn central dip (h) = WL Phawen ae 88) Tensile Strengih!ofttoncicte ws 6 to1S*/- of Compressive Strength 89) Max rhean Stress U= IE, be width be 2adeverann 80) Beep beam ane dedigned Jor bending momenk oY. 1) Fon aeinjened Concrete beam Shabe gf Shean Siyeas diagram ay Parabolic above Heuhal axis and Rectanguldyr below Newhal arti, 92) Max Permissible shear Macs wd based on cliagonal tersion 93) eae a S jenbly Supported 3) overail depth of Thearn -7 y,, ty, }Shar areal ae as " Vig #0 Ya OY Shan'2 Convinumes beam: 9A) borcadtth of the ange Of T beam ui 1) Yyrd of ellectine Shain of theca a . I2-Hmes the depth of Slab-+ bacadth of ab r Ine Ry in) ii) Centre te centve distance * 95) pia- | Colurnn head in batAlab = or2SL.96) The doops and Paovided In pak Alb bs tesiita Shea 1 4) [AE £1). Column head OV 4 Yer ATE Wh) new ought) 8 Nab AAT Tatas Connection. - 98) Fon the, Punbose of the, clesign Of Reingerred Contre te footy 7 3 Pressung citaibaten wb Linear 99) The wk of teoving 1 awurned CU 10% Of We Anarlevsed tthe Cotumn £ 1 y 00) Design stress in Concrete = OM4STEK | Fe OR | J os Maxim Braces in Steer = FY * oven res f Hl Maxm Sarain in Compacssive Seialercernens al Outer fibae O taleen @& 00035 2) Maxm Strain in tenaion Ptrinpexcement at) Fy. + o-co2 | AAS Es ¥03) elfective dength of Simply Supportell bean andalab af [ MEH = Minimum ¢ tod ut tel= wietth, . a 5 d= etyective depth = | lo4 Staticatly determinate structure * Condition o| euuilibaiun anc S Siiiicient 40 anatyre the Arotu eine + ' Cease ery! eneb JOS: kincmatic: Jndeteiminancy t Addiional! enuation di AckexAan, LB lenosin ay tcincrmenie incetenminancy on degree 6] pectomat Stauctiine eet. N i) Fixed bear wi Kinemaicany determinate 4) Siraphy Supperted bearn Us Kinernaticanly Indes eamina ke tog. Condition Begnec of Yreclorn ¥) Eachasint plane pin | 2 Soint brume ii) space pin Seinted = Qu) Plane. 27834, s Wy Space rigid, eWot: Porfeer foarne s A peabect Frame Should Aawky the foltssing exbressions We 23-3 Se No: Oh Membew, 1 a= aviny Tmpenfecl frame! 34 it ‘one Aghich dot.not AaliAly the Above ctuation Ul catted ibenpect Brame |) ris Y M63I-3 Ww raid 4o be decent frame b) 7247S sh daid, to bg Aedunant frame Yor: Thyuchce Wine diagrain'sieprachls vamation tn the |vaIud oft a | Panticuion Staess JunchOn Auch ad Heacton, '8:F, Bm, xia forte, Slope as deflechoy crc, ashen a unit Concentraked Youd, Mayes [perm Oe end 40 other end Of Shan : fo9- oxdinate of TLO Fox steacHon and Shyor forte us dimensionteng Oadinate of FLD Fox Bending moment ui dength i Vor TLp Fon vieaction, Shean jonce, Gnd GM aii Linon Joe detenminat S tau and Cwived fon indeterminate sizuctunes "in) condition Fi Pecan Gra Hovitenial l iciaetei| ee eT eens i) Tuer hinged panaaic os i a Arch of Shan Land aie Stise hy Caxaying & UBL over the wnsie Shun of 1th ine hinged pea ceth Ce Archtaving abutments pales a iyjenenfl ever hy ATR 4h) 9) tanen dt Adwsected he 40 ual over tunete sb My anearssnnns] AF ‘hos FO contenrraved 3 bo oF croutn (Te ath)412) Honizonvar Anat db! invouchy Propositional AbD! Stik Of Ach) HL. i Woxizonten tron Wh M13) TWO Hinged AYehO = bas HD.) nga Binaed were UR adam eran. | Fea uni dengih ©: ii) A two hinged sem eae] A rio Hinged jeri civcutan ANch Of Badida R carwvin, (For-taoinged Arch} Begnec of tate indetermineny rcaton aanch of, vali R Casmying © Concentypted We x guar eA Whole Aan: fa = ae laacarem neh of otedius R Cesmying OVS * MS) AMO hinged Panabote Arch Case a Udl ob wl pes URI Of enfire shim i) tanen ger me Kt / ny wbaded Uutiimn Sai > ar me i) Athen 4wo hinged Paneibalic Gach Coarien UVRNG: ih oegace of Stdne indereniminarcy (84) dh WOU ANN! eG see Bf Kideondiel |ecespatatiany + Indeterminancy uh camed Fantemnetned | Frei b. FX virtua ome Pretned of Consistent dejermaich 8 Three! moment 1 colurnn aneioay meted + Biaatic Contac © CaKGVANG thearare Of Minimum Stain emery, (1 phasenen ton thera =n oe SF NE iF Degace of Starke indetenmminancy ui Greater than Degree 6) Hinemate Inderearhinancy ob conred Bisplacement metned] Stiynens merhed | ry eLuiTibatui method : 1 Ds 7 Dic Bie! Stope deptection : 5 Moment dicta bution 1 Minimum poreniias enenay + a sae We: Strain encray memed due to Axia) doad UL Geta | Pe Anta | 1 2he Strain erery rmethod due to bending Uo (intiat 42 tn “Wer Bx = alexure wovonaity! BS castiagiano's Five anrerarn and and tneonam ae w= Fastneoanm Qu=a 00 - © [ee te c ae am oe U= tota! strain endvoy 4 = Displacement © @©= Rotakon §| Axien asad Ms em: 9) Marien Reciparvcal theomars: d, = Sh, Displacement at peln! 2.) due 4 applied, Lead inthe di nection 4 Jana Someliodd displavemest at iooint.t ‘dive te cabblied clad in she cl vection 2: lord ota} extcanan Work done = V, x Px F pesztconenelrs aa done |fivsct aise cadena) rion Qing 2% eB | ee i121) Moment distpibution method (Hardy cHoss rp thed) tly at Q) SHYNESS: DY A a. Foxtel) Porment, Ste LU ved Hho be @filied ct b Joint Sad to produce Unit cle[lecHon | xotation at thak Joint =F ont a6 ' Ke Stiiness, Fe Fonce siensined ta produce & ME Moment stewie to pride 8 F umeicat aPinees Of brawn N22) s¥ibiness of Quenion 1) Stipmess of memiver BA bhen Fan end A! di xed hipaa) i= Aer | ex-veme — , sax | Yern-tni wrstay ooh eration For cx 9. ii) S4ifness Of Member BA when! fas End A hinged 1 oe : = AEE ah 128) Carry oven factan > camry Over mornent Applied moment ' ' Cor may greaty than, eLual, Oo devthan 4 ie Fas end AL Wired | Cor i 9) Faw end A S4iHincss of Gomembenr Stew of SHippness of aul merbew cit that Joint eNotes Summ of SB tinea, Of ai Memben ad that Joint iy 4 125) Relative Stiyness 1) Athen Fan endo fred =, ay (Hy when far end hinged — 5 . c 6 Fixed end momenty Fentnoy sat, py Ly Fen (an) um mer Femtane, sep Fem cen “973 4 a Meaty, Fenton) thoFe Ge on eg ff i lavertely Propmiionat $0 Stiles : 2A) Frexibility (£) = PisHacement Caused by a unit homes) 1 9) Wha obalehiacernenl] __Oiagvorn, — Frenvany AyRaT iy Axia po vis LAE! ne L () vransvere disfracement it 8) ldith fan end bixed 7 reg Wer 12EL ws * b) tim Jar end hinged ay < , Dis SFL mua 3) Flexune dishiacem ent 7 c foe Q) lith fan end hired 4eL Se 1b) tity your Encl binned 8 BFL 199) Ginoss dia-of Otivet d= dt d.smm if déasmm dhs dd romm i] dz 25mm l= Norminat dia dt = Giyoss dita « Losin furnuia fox ene Ba: of onvet dren's Gos TE sAhicieness In me 31) Minimum bitch = aed ") Maximum, bitoh G) Been aiaicees: ='B2LOM Zoomm Whichever si leo , AV) Tension =: ut an 2ootmin! wiicheved wb Jew (14) ten plata ane expercd towseatien= 16 £ ox2c0mm ' 1 Hlabbtichéver ey iy) |GombacSsion membow = 12 o4 2OrMMm whiclews, wi tess 192, Cug PO eeelaas etn 1) Axiat genston and Or Gory Ys Stee gode |" OUAHOM eddy comprtion cnet We OO ") bending O-ee ty yor J In beaaing Onasty iw) Shean. AVg= OFU04Y Maven = 0-459133) River valve + Minivnum Value [peticen Sanength Of ind beasing 1 ’ 1S4- Maxr fomissibie dejicerion Tm pune Horizontal and ver ral defeHion = Ser, B25 (ehcnvedeph £) Max? (Penmissible Ae{{ecHon When derhenty aie slutibletocaaiey = Sha! S60, €) Pax. Penrnssie detection wuhen ekrment ance} cracking = sh “Zoo 195) When bind Joad one eantivake oud ne Considencd, Siveaxa In Steet stnvetune ane intvearcd by seas in sive and 'weld dre Sessinas | | 136. Minimum aize of ketcid +, 34 clebeneD upon thickness O| thicker blake Thickness of thicker blo Minimurn Az e 1 O- orm smn ' = 20 rm smn 1 a 22m 6 mre ies Zaz mm teem : a, Ret bp bei fore 121 Thiwat thickness = Es 4o4¥ S J Areal Oca = oto V US H demgihef werd (1) Shear Stang of pict weld, Throaonca XT st -ahcay Stress ae ; = oa rex Ae Effective dengih ob Hite eid = Actuca Jengiy — ‘aw size' a weld The minimus deng th of buthiweld = 4iLiehes Atz elof tele te? ise" Lap Joint with, weiding dap Ahoutd not be dess Hey > 4 on dorm Fpeeperrearaneanesareemnemeenatee 139° Endefined ui Aubsected ta totamyoue Aheay te sian anata te abbied Side Piller wed Wautsected FO longnitudinel! Aheon Jc Of deep penenhativn [deta Gi apecitied 04, minimurndieg + 24m fe The ealeest Plane tn a piled werd ti along the theoat 5146+. Deguée ofend aestaained of Recormmentel veriue | wr cormpression rmemben CAbective dengihy. (Aetlectiee ) i) Epectivety hetd in position and | O-esL. - viesvrained againit dtotahen aF both ends 4s) Electivay hetdlin posinon atom | o-s0L ' endl and destained again awaken 4 one end “ i) Eyyeokiyely held in trasiten at bor | Avot. ' ends;bat not restrained agatess ; sotation 1) Etgectivery Hell in positon and Nie aes Slestesined against otetaHin cttone er and ofhen end stesrrained| cagatnsh etoteHon, bur net heldin pastien v) Ebbectively herd in feositton aed sn oitsmained agains sotovI0n at one end are] ov Encl Rantignys viestrained agairat giotaken bub 04 heid in position, , Vi) Elective etd in positon at one ed | po ; : but no} sesnoined again sora%or | and ows end sieshained again’ | SotGHI0N bull not Held 19 post Heo VAs EWective Jengis Of Single angle Adconinuous 4) one sniver on bom aeach end de= L i) WHO Ormond sid ox bors! | Ue SL 148 Fon batten Colurnn ebhective Length Shan be Incrcaaca &4 Jo 149 + Sacing Of 4arking sivel Shoutel not exceed Goo ram: 150° Slend eines HOH Of eOch Member betleen he ConnecHond ‘ Should not be Greate than 40 nor greater than oe timathe most Unjayousioess Nendennua vctio =lun) Jn tention member eikeetive Gata rte be Conuidened and, oH Compacssion merriben Guess, Oaca, Ui 40 be Considevee}+ 1U9- Tye Of memben MeIM Blendemeak® vOHO | A agaaion member in whieh chacct ee someting Streés due to douds other than favsnen Iaind on Canthuakss forte awe eS 2) A Agasion member in kunich civees age maT oy eT Gtacgs cluc to toads, lind, Coane Pogue ance nese Jorses ane Considered oo > 143. A combaessign membe s Kesuting 430 ; Jrom clead dgadl and Aubert boas doad- .b) A Compacssion member in ae - * \ahich wind on eanthtuaks Mead W Considened ~ ee ae ee Ways Net Acckonal areas Anet= Aid Maa. i) Singre angie Connected by onc te anty K=3Ay en “BMT ha Ni) Abain of angie paced back fo bade connected Ke say by ore eg of cachargic 10 the Same SMa ore Sige 9b quarcr biate Wi) ik we gion placed back to bace and formed Je= 4 . FO bOI Side of uarct plole yi b tace oaveted them (e= BAL DA Aa HIUS - LUG angle 2 the Shoxtdength Of an angle AccHon Wed Cha Tein 4o Conneel the Qutstanding Jeg of a membm , thene by Neducing hs AU RE WAG ESS AE154-i)the angle of Incination of Lacing should be 40°40 40" ii) Stendeaness g1aH0 Of Aacing Shoutd Mot exceed INS ii) Single uaacing effective Jength de = L Oouble Lacing effective Lingth de = Or AxL Merded dacing ejfectne tangih em OF x4 | 152+ pinienune uwsidth of Lacing baa ° ee nore! Mlielth wt) g Gemaat | y oominatdvo 2m 20 THE aia = Wiidthoptacing 65.60. SS So =en ing bans * of ae Jee rinimiuen thleknen ©} 40CIng ; i) Single daciog & date couble Leary te 154+ Minirnumn no of baiten vb 4 Cie not seas thon ay 2 Thlewoness of battens £7 dp , ISS. Economic depth ofthe girder p= ‘i eerxtu Si) ery wh of ixdor= bb teHfen> Boo. N56) Bearing S¥ijpnew are Pyovicled ak the fein! oj apbN Cation 4 Contena kd Load G) There ane provicle stesnaint againat Fomian of plate ginleus St) ds cyeewvedebIh, 2 a5 Aostijnen di Seusited “tel Thickeness Of Web il = 200 —¥ Verticat Grijjnen ane provided i \ & “el, = 250 = VerHca SHiyjnen and one honizonta) SHH new at 2y,a4 TH ddtance of Compression Hans at 156) Sn nore Cake leh bine! Should Fxiced 249K) Non Los than Oly) . , kul= thidencha 0] Web « 159° Vertical Srijjnew Should be Provided not gzeaten than {-sdviand nel” ess than O-3ad1- 4 160 * Effective btange anca . AF 4 Aw. 616s Bending moment of fpurntin = 1L2- , Tore 162 toad facton + Conapacioad — Pe ‘sewiedcad ' Shabe jactor = Mp =! OF Loud Racor («) oa: Fass Fos = Factor a salets 16S. Shape facton of dipjenent section’ Rectangujaa’!/A+S ji) TrlanguranAection (vertex upward J= 2-4 (i) -Tarieangatan Aection vertex dowinsard = 2-00 WJ Sarid Cixeutan AccHon= Let G/) Heiloud cincuan nection > 19% vi) Thin civcutaa sted = 1-24 vis) Piarmond kechon = 2-00 Rhombus) Sik) Tsection (About Strang 04 (Abad wenneaxn 45S | Mii) Thin hello) rhombus X) Tacction= 1.9049 4-48 N64" Upper bound theorrden -»y Jt Satakiea eriilibetum and Mmechantim condition Lowen bound theonaim 5 a}Satialies etuuilibstiny aad yield Condition: |! N6S+ conapre doad i) ik Simbly Suppurkd bear with Contenhoted Woad at enhe Soe dum ») Siempry cuppetted Beam uaitth ud ' vee = ert ' ) “Fived heath with Concenbated toad a Cea we= SM WW) ined beam sath Udh we= Lemp Pee Le 166+ PERI-7 Evens niente sHuiy oalented 27 Single Rome es Hmate penitence eee Paobabilishe Hime (im) =o ftp tat 1 49> Opiimivicon bat Kme, Bi N= Most boobable pKa Ree. Ap = Pessimistic ov Wor Heme N64 Stack! Jaw ued 14 PERT Float “7 DL wed 1m epmn a Slack, Hoa 7 Positive, negative , Bere *1 oIa1 food = LET EFT: Ler Latest Hrithtime, FET = Eaniiens inh iene ii) Interfering Htoak= Tora Hoat~ Free Heat” i t JS GtiKcal path = Comme Mex otesounte and Lime - THhar ZC float and Alack Event “7 Neither Comumes -Hene ind 2tesounc ed ' Activity > Conmume: Hime cind sesounces ' FIO" Best onganhation di junctional eaganiaaiion © Cost Ape = Caadh (ost — Moyrnat Cost |__"Novnaiime — Crash Heme HI Teleat flutd > ancompaeesibie. Rear fuidyy vingssttyy > Snviscous > Finite compres bi > unc meduiw nfinhe 7 No Suxlace tention “7 Imaginary and dea het exist in nature, TF Surface tension | N12: Sipecitic wl = weight = mg = @g- J epeipe tatay Herter = 9a) eal Volune ¥ Sbecivic volume = ‘ Density, i SheciHeigrevity = Bensity ojpiuid ' 34.6 1 for 4'c and mentony { Density 0} Standard Wud a 16 4a Condue 24 Conducted ck 24°C Note! Numenical Querion eney be abled HB Pynamic viscosity = 5-1 Unit ob N-See|m™oy Pa-s|m™= | Chsunit us potae = Dyne secfem> Dimeniionaernatyaly = pa hy Vpoisd= Ges nibs [m2 4 Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscasily Sea unit = m2]e” Mail demity CGS = cm2/s On Stoke Dimensional anatyais = | 2p AStoKe = Jom4 m/s! Hs > Viscosity of auld due to Cohaior Viseasity of gare duc to Motecutantorarayen Sunjace denaion due 40 Cohesion only Capinarycictien duc 40 cldheion ang Coneien both » AE Viscosity o| Ding deccag a Th ksb ond Gwe tocais With emp ‘Viesaepin ih eaeien Tdi ie Lhe