A.

Introduction to Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is study the relationship between language and society (Holmes,
1992:1, Kridalaksana, 2008:225). The sociolinguistics deals with explaining why we
speak differently in different social context and factor such as, class, ethnicity,
age, and sex. This study is concerned with the identifying the social functions of
language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. Sociolinguistics is also
the study about dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and
language in use (Fromkin, 2011: 430). Chaer (2004:2) explains that sociolinguistics
is the study about sociology and linguistics. In vice versa, Wardhough states that
sociolinguistics and the sociology are different study.
The sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society with the goal of better understanding of the structure of
language and of how languages function in communication; the equivalent goal in the
sociology of language will be to discover how social structure can be better
understood through the study of language, e.g., how certain linguistics features
serve to characterize particular social arrangement (1986:12).

Whereas Spolsky describes that sociolinguistics is the study the relation between
language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in
which the user of language live (1998:3). It can be concluded that sociolinguistics
is the branch of linguistics and deals with the relation of society and language.
The sociolinguistics cannot be separated from the social meaning and of language
use. This study concerns when and for what purpose does somebody speak what kind of
language or what variety with whom.

B. Discussion
In this part of the discussion, the writer will describe sociolinguistic factors,
the dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language use
(Holmes, 1992; Fromkin, 2011).
1. Sociolinguistic factors
a. Social factors
The social factors are including the users, participants, social settings and
functions. The users divide who is talking to whom (e.g. wife-husband, teacher-
student). The setting and social context are also relevant such as, at home,
hospital and class. The function describes why are they speaking and another
factor is topic which describes what are they talking abo