NIR - MIR FIR Radiation Detectors

Photon IR Radiation Detectors Thermal IR Radiation Detectors

Photon Photon

Electron Phonons

Photon - Electron Electron

Photon - Phonon - Electron

1. Fast 1. Slow (th )

2. Cooled (Expensive) 2. Room Temperature (Inexpensive)
3. More Sensitive 3. Less Sensitive

Examples: Examples:
Photoconductors (m) Bolometers (m)
Photodiodes (m, se) Pyroelectric Detectors (se)
Phototransistors (m)

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 Thermal IR Detectors

D
Reflectors T0 + T D ~ /4
T0

Cth

T0 + T

Gth
+

Cth = Vi ci
i
Specific heat

d T (t )
Cth + GthT(t) = (t) = absorptivity
dt

= 0ej t
T = T0 e j t + phase

T0 = 1 0 th = Cth
Gt h 2 2 Gth
1
th

v
1/th

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 1) Bolometric Thermal IR Detectors

1 dR
TCR = =
R dT

V = IR

R
V = I R = I (RT)
R T

V = I R T

V = V0 e j t + phase

V0 = I R T0

Substitute T0,

IR 1
V0 0
Gth 1 2 2
th

Vo IR 1 IR
Responsivity = = Rvmax =
o Gth 2 2 Gth
1 th

th = Cth
Gth
th High

th
R Low

Bolometric Materials:

VOx VO2 + V2O5 TCR = 2.5 %

YBaCuO Semiconducting TCR = 3.5 %

YBa2Cu3O6+x, x<0.5

a:Si, SiGe TCR = 2 %

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Pyroelectric IR Thermal Detectors

Polar Material (Charge distribution is not uniform throughout the molecule)

PZT (PbZrTiO3)
PLZT (Pb(La)ZrTiO3)
BrSrTiO3

Electrode 1

T ~ 100 C

PZT
+++++ +++++

Electrode 2 ----- -----

Pt

dT
I=pA
dt

p = pyroelectric coefficient
Self-generating
Capacitive format

CA
CD GD
I GA

Detector

V = Veq + V

V = V0 e j t + phase

Ge = GD + GA

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Ce = CD + CA

T = T0 e j t

dV dT
Ce + Ge V = I = pA
dt dt

e = C e
Ge

th = C th
G th

pATo e
V0 =
Ce 2 2
1
e

pA
Rv = Vo =
o GthGe 2 2 2 2
(1 )(1 )
th e

th >> e

(1/th) << (1/e)

Cth = Vi ci
i

Vi = Volume
ci = Specific Heat

th = C th
G th

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 -----------------

- - - - -
+ + + + Q1/t + Q2/t
+
- - - -

+
-
-
+ + + +

+++++++++++++
Q1 >> Q2

log RL

1/th 1/E
log v

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