I S 300: INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- Winter 2017
- Shaosong Ou, Ph.D.

Session 16 February 27th, 2017

The Wireless Revolution: Cellphone
Standards, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth & IoTs
 Agenda

Reminders:
Team Presentations Reminder
Final Exam Reminder
Time: 3/11/2017 (Saturday), 10:30 AM - 12:20 PM
Location: TBD
Accommodation Policy

The Wireless Revolution

Prime Spectrum
Wi-Fi & Bluetooth
RFID
 Electromagnetic Wave: the Medium

What are Electromagnetic Waves?

Like regular wave that oscillates, with amplitude, wavelength, frequency
and phase

Ideal for Telecommunication

Travels at light speed
Needs no physical medium
Propagates in all directions
Some can penetrate/circumvent obstacles
Others need line-of-sight
Delivers energy and power
Amplitude Modulation
Frequency Modulation
 Electromagnetic Waves: Applications

Entertainment
Radio: AM, FM, XM
Digital TV: National and local channels
Communication
Telephone: Cell phone, 4G, EDGE, Cordless phone
Data Communication: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wi-Max
Analog Communication: Walkie Talkie, beeper, baby monitor
Others
Military: Radar, satellite, GPS
Medical: X-ray machine, MRI
Home: Microwave, stud finder
Security: Full-body scanner, metal detector
Law Enforcement: Speed gun
Products Using Light: Remote control, laser, projector
 The Prime Spectrum

Referring to the Electromagnetic Wave of 30 Mhz to 3000 Mhz

Right next to visible light
On the low end of larger electromagnetic spectrum
Virtues of the Prime Spectrum
Easily penetrates walls
Does not require line-of-sight
Slow attenuation
Travels long distance with low power
Long battery life and slim design
Same spectrum can be reused in multiple locations
One of the most valuable natural resources in the information
age
The Prime Spectrum
 TV, DTV, and HDTV

TV-DTV Transition in the U.S.

Jun. 12, 2009
Objective: More efficient use of the Prime Spectrum

Technology Push: HDTV & Big-Screen Television Sets

Better picture quality and higher resolution
Popular standards: SDTV, EDTV, HD TV, Full HD (True HD), Ultra HD
(4K TV)

Impact on Cellphone Carriers/Users

 Cellular Standards

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Verizon & Sprint (5 out of 7 major carriers in U.S.)
Proprietary (owned by Qualcomm)
Device must be approved by carrier to join network

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

T-Mobile and AT&T Wireless (Cingular) + rest of world
Open network
Plug-and-play device
 Cellular Generations

1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication

2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication;

limited data capability

3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other rich media;

always-on transmission for e-mail, Web browsing, instant messaging
Max speed: 144 kbps 2 Mbps

4G: Packet-switching; fastest; best mobility support

Max speed: 100 Mbps 1 Gbps
 Popular IEEEs Wireless Standards

IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for Personal Area Network (PAN)

IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for Wireless Local Area Network (LAN)

IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

IEEE 802.20 (proposed) for Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
 Bluetooth

Can link up to 8 devices in 10-meter area: PAN

Low power requirements

Replacing cables: remote, headset, earphone, etc.

Transmission speed up to 25 Mbps

Typical Wi-Fi Configuration
 Major Wi-Fi Standards

IEEE 802.11a: operates in the 5 GHz band @ up to 54 Mbps, with

a range of 120 feet indoors.
IEEE 802.11b: uses 2.4GHz band, transmit @ 11Mbps, with a
range of 120 feet indoors.
IEEE 802.11g: uses 2.4 GHz band and better frequency hopping,
@ 54 Mbps and 230 feet.
IEEE 802.11n: uses 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, transmit @ 150 Mbps with a
range of 230 feet.
IEEE 802.11ac: uses 5 GHz, transmit @ up to 900 Mbps with a
range of 230 feet.
 Wi-Fi Networks

Strengths
Convenient: Internet without cables
Inexpensive: comparable to cables and wires
Compatible with many devices
Speed: decent speed for regular Internet use

Weakness
Security: Omnidirectional signal means easy eavesdropping
Limited range: < 230 feet indoors
Congestion: much traffic on 2.4 and 5 GHz
 Emerging Industry: Internet of Things (IoT)

Connected devices and objects collect and exchange data

automatically to regulate our world with minimal human
intervention