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f (x) = k f (x).
n
kf (x) = Di f (x)xi . ()
i=1
for all x Rn++ . Fix any x 0 and again define g : [0, ) R (depending
on x) by
g() = f (x) k f (x)
1
KC Border Eulers Theorem for Homogeneous Functions 2
so
( )
g () = k f (x) k f (x)
= kg().
or
n
Dij f (x)xi + Dj f (x) = kDj f (x)
i=1
v. 2015.11.11::14.24
KC Border Eulers Theorem for Homogeneous Functions 3
or
n
Dij f (x)xi = (k 1)Dj f (x). (1)
i=1
Di f (x) Di f (x)
=
Dj f (x) Dj f (x)
Proof : By (1),
n
Dij f (x)xi = (k 1)Dj f (x).
i=1
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KC Border Eulers Theorem for Homogeneous Functions 4
Then there is one and only one function y = f (x) that satisfies the initial
value problem
y + P (x)y = Q(x)
with f (a) = b. It is given by
x
A(x) A(x)
f (x) = be +e Q(t)eA(t) dt
a
where x
A(x) = P (t) dt.
a
For a proof see [1, Theorems 8.2 and 8.3, pp. 309310].
References
[1] Apostol, T. M. 1967. Calculus, 2d. ed., volume 1. Waltham, Mas-
sachusetts: Blaisdell.
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