© u GAS Power c¥cles 1) werking flaid :- GAs 22 No ehase chanyze Z> Engines operating on qos erc)ea ether crelic or pen-cyedye Ccleses 7 ( open} L Hot air engines Ec eraine Le CARNOT CYcle:- C1224) Qy= Qrare RT 46%) Wpreat RT; Ln(YAy) pomaeee We32 —C (tT 3-% po aC. Tete) ‘WH Qe Vege R72 sn( v5) Way = RTL bn Y4 ys) Qa = 0 Wey eC Qre ata an (vei2 ) 7-0 a : oe f A\so, V2 -(2 aby My re yD V3 Vy e (3 LQye -O2 =n) We VE pg MEL 3 on 03 V4 = WwW VW Woet_ EO. eee Leyes 706) Q, ce GazLarge werk We js a drawback of Carmok gas cycle.FIGURE 10-1 TA Ts diagram of two Carnot vapor cycles. ‘The Carnot cycle is the most efficient cycle operating between ‘two specified temperature limits but it is not a suitable model for power cycles. In the cycle (a) because: Process 1-2 Limiting maximum temperaturein the cycle also limits the thermal efficiency. Process 2-3 The turbine cannot handle steam with a high ‘moisturecontent because of the impingement of liquid droplets on the turbine blades causing erosion and wear. Process 4-1 Its not practical to design a compressor that handles two phases. ‘The cycle in (b) is not suitable since it requires isentropic compression to extremely high pressures. ae 1.-2isothermal heat additionin a boiler 2:3 isentropic expansionin a turbine ‘3-4 isothermal heat rejection in a condenser 4-1 isentropic compression in a compressor® ae STIRLING Cycle £1927} peti Q= Qer.= Roto ye Qo-3 = —Gy(4-7)) Qae Whe - RT bn VE Qa = Ridn(Mhs) 4 pi Qpt= Oy(T-T) WG-1 = o 2Q -40 Q- alse, TF a ‘regenerative emcaagment, rs used and if Qo = Vy-r then eat ll Wret=Q-G] — Q=% _ pan()-eafancys) L Q Roane as) And we. argo ulcer aT |@ ERICSSON rete L22ase7 @ Ee feetece ois Qe Qeee eran fe wre Pao @ fond) Wass PCsg-U2) a3 = Cp (14-7 = ACh =) Qr= 5-4 = oars 0th anun eee 42 93-4 Cay Oy-1 = Cpl 7-74) Get = (viva) r =RCT~ta) Ne “a AA TH Cue ais asin) S28- £9) 4 Gata Goro a5 dag Qa ; RT Ln] f) gs "ama. er/-tn()Inlet valve (IV) Spark plug Exhaust valve (EV) Inlet manifold Cross-section of a Spark-Ignition Engine(a) Intake Working Principle of a Four-Stroke ST EngineOTTO CycLe C18¥6) Qi Page mes (13-7) Qre Haye MO CYyCTy-T) i eg eeareue Ls om = hy Gy CT 12) Ta-Ty a ee ca] Now, process 1-2, Be ue) - of erusing @ ant G} Nolume begining of Corpression Nwolure af the end of Coropression, ia a Connpretsion ah'o Pao From @) it is clear that, otto cycle effirieny independent of teroferahtre at whroh cyele cperaker Wee is However, Compression ratio Cannot be increased beyond & Certain \eenit , because a noisy and. destructive Combstion, lenown os detonation. 34 alto depends urn ksfe of fuels Ongine design, and Opevaking Condiciens -@ Q-. A engine working on tHe otto Cycle is suepl’ed with air at ot MPa, ss%. The Compression zatio fS Q. Heot Suppled ss 2100 KT/Kg- Caleulace Yhe poaxirum pressure and temperature of the cycle, efficiency of cycle, and wean effective Pressure. Chor ait Cpa toos Ka feg-te Gus o7t A, = Re O28? KE Saloon Be) 7 >. Ta Phas So S08 Piz O-dMPas 100 Ky? Q= 2100 MAT eg Yes 8 Peis —> Lerele = - = 56.5 7 —yAns A —— UIE = AY 0-287 ¥308 2 a ee ee = 0°BE4 Wey _ O88 _ Vas SRF eon ves Be OX Tt =i Ay OnQe Cy (Tse) = 2100 FI/eq- Ta- 708-4 = BIS = 2 825% r: * : Te (BY) = (a) "= 18-37 Po = A873 Ola Pyein, wets ne Naw) @ BB we 7 v Hive [P= hom = ae Ans Woes % % Cycle = 1637 %, a = & Mees Key fro (Vi=We.) = Sm C0884 0-11) Pees Gare® Diesel_Cycle (1892) _ Limitation on Compression vatio in the S-z- emsine can be overcome by compretsing air alone, instead of ame fuel-air rnixtere, and tren injecting the fuel inte tne cylinder in sprq form when combustion fs dexter desrred. the temptrature of air after Compressron Must be high enough so that fudl sprayed inte the ‘not air burns spontaneously, An engine operaking io Wis way is called AS A CormPression fgnition engine. CCE engi fs 3 a S [1-2] 1-6] 1 26 c AM process ttre reversible . 2 1-2: Aiy Intake, P=C 2-3: Air Compression , 4dvabakically 3-4: Feel injection and combustion, P= 4-5. Expansion, gdrabakically 5-6: Blow dewn,Vec, eybaust Valve open adi Exhaust, Piste moves towards cylinder cover e diving away Combusttan Products fom § cylinderNow, Walenacam Now, Te Ye-%e = Vt Ve Heat suepled:- Q, = @z-g2 tcp (T3-T2) Heat Rejecteds- P= Qy-re MmCy (14-1) Ga wy (14-1) CPC Ty- Te) hee oe + ¥ CTa-Te CTs. 2 fi ; Compression ratio, Yy ae Va i to, Vee Eyfansion tatto, Ve 3 @ Cut-off ratte, t= V2 —+@ zs ve VeProcess 3-4 Te oe ! 3 ON Process 1-2, gfiOORS Sa Se 4-1 ait, = (anes Ae ee i ee — 6 a) * Using Es ©, @,© ars @. ve pee, | c Noe i ¥ a ea Sk is observea teat for came Compression ratio, E efficiency of diesel cycle is les Han Otto cycle.Me: A diesel engine has Yes 14, and cut off takes place at 67 of stipice. Fina the air standard efficiency. _—> P 2 edge BL Use = 0-06 (Us -V2) fe = 0°06(44U2-Wn) Z $$» \o - Vg 2 FE V2, 1-78 = Cut eff ratio. ! it wes 7 aT Y ees aye eb Crag = ee 178-4 Si ORME it aa p= cos /