I

mranNasi
rHabeeb

I
mrannasi
r264@gmai
l
.com

Thecompi
l
ati
oncont
ainsal
mostal
lthel
egal
ter
msandcommonwor
dsusedi
nlegal
pr
act
ice.

Thecol
l
ect
ivewor
dsar
edef
inedcor
dif
iedandputi
ntomat
eri
alf
orm byder
ivi
ngi
t
sour
cesf
rom t
heBl
ack'
slawDi
cti
onar
y,Deci
dedcases,
Pract
ici
ngLawy
ersand
Academi
clawf
iel
dlect
urer
s.

Myv
astappr
eci
ati
ongoest
oev
ery
onewhoassi
tedmeonewayort
heot
herandt
he
peopl
ewhoencour
agedmeal
ot.

Absent
ia-Absent
;pr
oceedi
ngwi
thoutt
hedef
endantpr
esent
.

Abst
ractofTi
tl
e-Achr
onol
ogi
cal
summar
yofal
lof
fi
cial
recor
dsandr
ecor
ded
document
saf
fect
ingt
het
it
let
oapar
cel
ofr
eal
proper
ty.

Accompl
i
ce(
1)Apar
tneri
nacr
ime.(
2)Aper
sonwhoknowi
ngl
yandv
olunt
ari
l
y
par
ti
cipat
eswi
thanot
heri
nacr
imi
nal
act
ivi
ty.

Accor
dandSat
isf
act
ionCompr
omi
seandset
tl
ement
.Awayt
odi
schar
geacl
aim
wher
ebyt
hepar
ti
esagr
eet
ogi
veandacceptsomet
hingi
nset
tl
ementoft
hecl
aimt
hat
wi
l
lrepl
acet
het
ermsoft
hepar
ti
es
ori
ginal
agr
eement
.Accor
dist
henewagr
eement
;
sat
isf
act
ioni
sper
for
manceoft
henewagr
eement
.

Acknowl
edgment(
1)Ast
atementofaccept
anceofr
esponsi
bil
i
ty.(
2)Theshor
t
decl
arat
ionatt
heendofal
egal
papershowi
ngt
hatt
hepaperwasdul
yexecut
edand
acknowl
edged.
Acqui
t,Acqui
tt
al-Af
indi
ngofnotgui
l
tybyaj
udgeorj
ury
.

Act
ion-Case,
cause,
sui
t,orcont
rov
ersydi
sput
edorcont
est
edbef
oreacour
t.

Addi
tur-Ani
ncr
easebyaj
udgei
ntheamountofdamagesawar
dedbyaj
ury
.

Adj
udi
cat
ion-Judgmentr
ender
edbyt
hecour
taf
teradet
ermi
nat
ionoft
hei
ssues.

AdLi
tem -ALat
int
erm meani
ng
fort
hepur
poseoft
hel
awsui
t.
Forexampl
e,a
guar
dian
adl
i
temi
saper
sonappoi
ntedbyt
hecour
ttopr
otectt
hei
nter
est
sofami
nor
orl
egal
l
yincompet
entper
soni
nal
awsui
t.

Admi
nist
rat
or-(
1)Onewhoadmi
nist
erst
heest
ateofaper
sonwhodi
eswi
thoutawi
l
l.
(
2)Anof
fi
cial
whomanagesacour
t.

Admi
nist
rat
iveRev
ocat
ion-Thet
aki
ngofadr
iver
'sl
i
censebyt
heMot
orVehi
cleDi
vi
sion,
t
hroughl
awenf
orcementagent
sandadmi
nist
rat
ivel
awj
udgeswi
thouti
nvol
vementby
t
hecour
ts.

Admi
ssi
bleEv
idence-Ev
idencet
hatcanbel
egal
l
yandpr
oper
lyi
ntr
oducedi
naci
vi
lor
cr
imi
nal
tri
al.

Admoni
sh-Toadv
iseorcaut
ion.Forexampl
ethecour
tmaycaut
ionoradmoni
sh
counsel
orawi
tnessf
ori
mpr
opercour
troom conduct
.

Adv
ersar
ySy
stem -Thet
ri
almet
hodusedi
ntheU.
S.andsomeot
hercount
ri
es.Thi
s
sy
stem i
sbasedont
hebel
i
eft
hatt
rut
hcanbestbedet
ermi
nedbygi
vi
ngopposi
ng
par
ti
esf
ull
oppor
tuni
tyt
opr
esentandest
abl
i
sht
hei
rev
idence,
andt
otestbycr
oss-
exami
nat
iont
heev
idencepr
esent
edbyt
hei
radv
ersar
ies.Thi
sisdoneundert
he
est
abl
i
shedr
ulesofpr
ocedur
ebef
oreani
mpar
ti
alj
udgeand/
orj
ury
.

Adv
isementThepr
ocessbywhi
chaj
udget
akest
imet
oconsi
der
,del
i
ber
ateand/
or
consul
tonamat
terpr
iort
orul
i
ng.

Af
fi
ant-Theper
sonwhomakesandsi
gnsanaf
fi
dav
it.
Af
fi
dav
it-Awr
it
tenst
atementoff
act
sconf
ir
medbyt
heoat
hoft
hepar
tymaki
ngi
t,
bef
oreanot
aryorof
fi
cerhav
ingaut
hor
it
ytoadmi
nist
eroat
hs.Forexampl
e,i
ncr
imi
nal
casesaf
fi
dav
itsar
eof
tenusedbypol
i
ceof
fi
cer
saski
ngcour
tst
oissuesear
chorar
rest
war
rant
s.I
nci
vi
lcases,
aff
idav
itsofwi
tnessesar
eof
tenusedt
osuppor
tmot
ionsf
or
summar
yjudgment
.

Af
fi
dav
itofI
nsol
vency-Adet
ail
edf
orm si
gnedbyt
hedef
endant
,underoat
h,at
test
ing
t
ohi
s/heri
ndi
gency(
inabi
l
ityt
opayf
orpr
ivat
elegal
counsel
).

Af
fi
rmat
iveDef
ense-Apar
tfr
om deny
ingachar
georcl
aim,
adef
endantmayasser
t
af
fi
rmat
ivedef
ensessuchasi
nsani
ty,
sel
f-
def
enseorent
rapmentt
oav
oidcr
imi
nal
r
esponsi
bil
i
ty,
orasser
tthest
atut
eofl
i
mit
ati
onsorbankr
upt
cyt
oav
oidci
vi
ll
iabi
l
ity
.

Af
fi
rmed-Adeci
si
onbyanappel
l
atecour
tst
ati
ngt
hatt
hedeci
sionoft
het
ri
alcour
tis
cor
rect
.

Ai
dandAbet-Toact
ivel
y,knowi
ngl
yori
ntent
ional
l
yassi
stanot
herper
soni
nthe
commi
ssi
onorat
tempt
edcommi
ssi
onofacr
ime.

Al
for
dPl
ea-Apl
eat
oacr
imi
nal
char
get
hatdoesnotadmi
tgui
l
t,butadmi
tst
hat
suf
fi
cientev
idenceexi
stst
oobt
ainaconv
ict
ion.

Al
l
egat
ion-Ast
atementoft
hei
ssuesi
nawr
it
tendocument(
apl
eadi
ng)t
hataper
son
i
spr
epar
edt
opr
ovei
ncour
t.Forexampl
e,ani
ndi
ctmentcont
ainsal
l
egat
ionsofcr
imes
agai
nstt
hedef
endant
.

Al
l
eged-St
ated;
clai
med;
asser
ted;
char
ged.

Al
ter
nat
iveDi
sput
eResol
uti
on-Set
tl
ingadi
sput
ewi
thoutaf
ull
orf
ormal
tri
al.Met
hods
i
ncl
udemedi
ati
on,
conci
l
iat
ion,
arbi
tr
ati
on,
andset
tl
ementf
aci
l
itat
ion,
amongot
her
s.

AmendI
mpr
ove,
cor
rectorchangeacompl
aintorot
herpl
eadi
ng.

Ami
cusCur
iae-Af
ri
endoft
hecour
t.Onenotapar
tyt
oacasewhov
olunt
eer
s,ori
s
askedbyt
hecour
t,t
oof
feri
nfor
mat
iononapoi
ntofl
aworsomeot
heraspectoft
he
caset
oassi
stt
hecour
tindeci
dingamat
terbef
orei
t.

Answer-Thedef
endant
sr
esponset
othepl
aint
if
f
sal
l
egat
ionsasst
atedi
naci
vi
l
compl
aint
.Ani
tem-
by-
it
em,
par
agr
aph-
by-
par
agr
aphr
esponset
opoi
ntsmadei
na
compl
aint
;par
toft
hepl
eadi
ngs.

Appeal
-Anappl
i
cat
iont
oahi
ghercour
tforr
evi
ewofanor
derofconv
ict
ionorofaci
vi
l
j
udgmentagai
nstapar
ty.

Appeal
Bond-Asum ofmoneypost
edbyaper
sonappeal
i
ngaj
udi
cial
deci
sion
(
appel
l
ant
).

Appear
ance(
1)Thef
ormal
proceedi
ngbywhi
chadef
endantsubmi
tst
othe
j
uri
sdi
cti
onoft
hecour
t.(
2)Awr
it
tennot
if
icat
iont
othepl
aint
if
fbyanat
tor
neyst
ati
ng
t
hats/
hei
srepr
esent
ingt
hedef
endant
.

Appel
l
ant-Thepar
tywhot
akesanappeal
from onecour
torj
uri
sdi
cti
ont
oanot
her
.

Appel
l
ateCour
t-Acour
thav
ingj
uri
sdi
cti
ont
ohearappeal
sandr
evi
ewat
ri
alcour
t
s
deci
si
on.

Appel
l
ee-Thepar
tyagai
nstwhom anappeal
ist
aken.Somet
imescal
l
edar
espondent
.

Ar
bit
rat
ion-Af
orm ofal
ter
nat
ivedi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
nwhi
cht
hepar
ti
esbr
ingt
hei
r
di
sput
etoaneut
ral
thi
rdpar
tyandagr
eet
oabi
debyhi
s/herdeci
sion.I
nar
bit
rat
ion
t
her
eisahear
ingatwhi
chbot
hpar
ti
eshav
eanoppor
tuni
tyt
obehear
d.

Ar
rai
gnment-Appear
anceoft
hedef
endanti
ncr
imi
nal
cour
ttobeadv
isedofr
ight
sand
ent
erapl
eat
othechar
ges.

Ar
restTheof
fi
ci
alt
aki
ngofaper
sont
oanswercr
imi
nal
char
ges.Thi
sinv
olv
esat
l
eastt
empor
ari
l
ydeny
ingaper
sonofl
i
ber
tyandmayi
nvol
vet
heuseoff
orce.

Ar
restWar
rantAnor
derbyaj
udget
hatgi
vesper
missi
onf
orapol
i
ceof
fi
cert
oar
rest
aper
sonf
oral
l
egedl
ycommi
tt
ingacr
ime.
Assaul
t-Thr
eatt
oinf
li
cti
njur
ywi
thanappar
entabi
l
ityt
odoso.Al
so,
anyi
ntent
ional
di
spl
ayoff
orcet
hatwoul
dgi
vet
hev
ict
imr
easont
ofearorexpecti
mmedi
atebodi
l
y
har
m.

Asy
lum St
ate-Thest
atehol
dingaf
ugi
ti
vef
rom j
ust
icei
nanot
herst
ate.

At
tachment-Taki
ngandhol
dingaper
son
spr
oper
tydur
ingpr
oceedi
ngst
oensur
e
sat
isf
act
ionofaj
udgmentnoty
etr
ender
ed.

AtI
ssueMat
ter
sar
eati
ssuewhent
hecompl
aini
ngpar
tyhasst
atedhi
s/hercl
aim,
t
heot
hersi
dehasr
espondedwi
thadeni
al,
andt
hemat
teri
sreadyt
obet
ri
ed.

At
temptAper
sonat
tempt
stocommi
tacr
imewhen:
(1)t
hatper
soni
ntendedt
o
commi
tthecr
ime;
and(
2)begant
odoanactt
hatconst
it
utedasubst
ant
ial
par
toft
he
cr
ime,
butf
ail
edt
ocommi
torcompl
etet
hecr
ime.

At
tor
ney
-at
-LawAl
i
censedadv
ocat
eorcounsel
aut
hor
izedbyt
hecour
tst
opr
epar
e,
manageandt
rycasesi
ncour
t,t
opr
epar
elegal
document
s,orot
her
wiser
epr
esentt
he
i
nter
est
sofci
ti
zens.

At
tor
ney
-i
n-Fact-Apr
ivat
eper
son(
whoi
snotnecessar
il
yal
awy
er)aut
hor
izedby
anot
hert
oacti
nhi
s/herpl
ace,
eit
herf
orsomepar
ti
cul
arpur
pose,
ast
odoaspeci
fi
ed
act
;orf
ort
het
ransact
ionofbusi
nessi
ngener
al,
notofl
egal
char
act
er.Thi
saut
hor
it
yis
conf
err
edbyani
nst
rumenti
nwr
it
ing,
cal
l
edal
ett
erofat
tor
ney
,ormor
ecommonl
ya
powerofat
tor
ney
.

At
tor
neyofRecor
d-Theat
tor
neyr
etai
nedorassi
gnedt
orepr
esentacl
i
ent
.

Ret
urnt
otop

Bai
l-Cashorsur
etypost
edt
opr
ocur
ether
eleaseofadef
endanti
nacr
imi
nal
pr
oceedi
ngbyi
nsur
inghi
s/herf
utur
eat
tendancei
ncour
t,andcompel
l
inghi
m/hert
o
r
emai
nwi
thi
nthej
uri
sdi
cti
onoft
hecour
t.
Bai
lBondAdocumentt
hroughwhi
choneagr
eest
oacceptr
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
ora
def
endantandi
nsur
ehi
s/herappear
ancei
ncour
t.Bysi
gni
ngt
hef
orm,
theper
son
post
ingt
hebondagr
eest
ofor
fei
tthebondi
fthedef
endantf
ail
stoappeari
ncour
tas
or
der
ed.

Bai
l
iff-Acour
tat
tendantwhokeepsor
deri
nthecour
troom andhasr
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
or
t
hej
ury
.

Bankr
upt
cy-Ref
erst
ost
atut
esandj
udi
cial
proceedi
ngsi
nvol
vi
ngper
sonsor
busi
nessest
hatcannotpayt
hei
rdebt
sandseekt
heassi
stanceoft
hecour
tinget
ti
nga
f
reshst
art
.Undert
hepr
otect
ionoft
hebankr
upt
cycour
t,debt
orsmayber
eleased
(
di
schar
ged
)fr
om t
hei
rdebt
scompl
etel
yoral
l
owedt
orepayt
hem i
nwhol
eori
npar
t
onamanageabl
eschedul
e.Feder
albankr
upt
cyj
udgespr
esi
deov
ert
hesepr
oceedi
ngs.
Theper
sonwi
tht
hedebt
siscal
l
edt
hedebt
orandt
hepeopl
eorcompani
est
owhom
t
hedebt
orowesmoneyar
ecal
l
edcr
edi
tor
s.

Bar(
1)Hi
stor
ical
l
y,t
hepar
ti
ti
onsepar
ati
ngt
hegener
alpubl
i
cfr
om t
hespace
occupi
edbyt
hej
udges,
lawy
ers,
andot
herpar
ti
ci
pant
sinat
ri
al.(
2)Mor
ecommonl
y,
t
hebodyofl
awy
erswi
thi
naj
uri
sdi
cti
on.

BarExami
nat
ion-Ast
ateexami
nat
iont
akenbypr
ospect
ivel
awy
ers,
qual
i
fyi
ngt
hem t
o
beadmi
tt
edt
othebarandl
i
censedt
opr
act
icel
awexampl
eNi
ger
ianLawschool
,
UgandaLDC.

Bat
ter
y-Abeat
ingorot
herwr
ongf
ult
ouchi
ngofaper
son.Thet
hreatt
ousef
orcei
san
assaul
t;act
ual
useoff
orcei
sabat
ter
y,whi
chusual
l
yincl
udesanassaul
t.

Bench-Theseatoccupi
edbyt
hej
udge;
mor
ebr
oadl
y,t
hecour
torj
udi
cial
branchi
tsel
f.

BenchTr
ial
-Tr
ial
wit
houtaj
uryi
nwhi
chaj
udgedeci
dest
hef
act
saswel
last
hel
aw.

BenchWar
rant-Anor
deri
ssuedbyaj
udget
oar
restaper
sonbasedonhi
s/herf
ail
ure
t
oobeyacour
tor
der
.Abenchwar
rantmaybei
ssuedwhenaper
sonf
ail
stopayaf
ine,
appear
,orat
tendDWISchool
.
Benef
ici
ary-Someonenamedt
orecei
vepr
oper
tyorbenef
it
sinawi
l
l,t
rust
,insur
ance
pol
i
cy,
orot
hersuchdocument
.

Bequeat
h-Togi
veagi
ftt
osomeonet
hroughawi
l
l.

Bequest
s-Gi
ft
smadei
nawi
l
l.

BestEv
idence-Pr
imar
yev
idence;
thebestf
orm ofev
idenceav
ail
abl
e.Ev
idenceshor
tof
t
hisi
ssecondar
y.Forexampl
e,t
heor
igi
nal
ofal
ett
eri
sthe
bestev
idence,
whi
l
ea
phot
ocopyi
ssecondar
yev
idence.

BestEv
idenceRul
eRul
erequi
ri
ngpar
ti
est
opr
off
ert
heor
igi
nal
wri
ti
ng,
recor
ding,
or
phot
ogr
aphwhenat
tempt
ingt
opr
ovet
hecont
ent
sther
eof
.Howev
er,
adupl
i
cat
eis
admi
ssi
blei
npl
aceofanor
igi
nal
unl
esst
her
eisagenui
nequest
ionaboutt
he
aut
hent
ici
tyoft
heor
igi
nal
ori
twoul
dbeunf
airundert
heci
rcumst
ancesoft
hecaset
o
admi
tthedupl
i
cat
einst
eadoft
heor
igi
nal
.Al
so,
anor
igi
nal
isnotr
equi
redi
fiti
slostor
dest
roy
ed,
ifi
tcannotbeobt
ainedt
hroughasubpoena,
ifi
tisi
nthepossessi
onoft
he
opposi
ngpar
ty,
andi
ftheor
igi
nal
isnotcl
osel
yrel
atedt
oacont
rol
l
ingi
ssuei
nthecase.

Bey
ondaReasonabl
eDoubt-Thest
andar
dinacr
imi
nal
caser
equi
ri
ngt
hatt
hej
urybe
sat
isf
iedt
oamor
alcer
tai
ntyt
hatev
eryel
ementofacr
imehasbeenpr
ovenbyt
he
pr
osecut
ion.Thi
sst
andar
dofpr
oofdoesnotr
equi
ret
hatt
hest
ateest
abl
i
shabsol
ute
cer
tai
ntybyel
i
minat
ingal
ldoubt
,buti
tdoesr
equi
ret
hatt
heev
idencebesuf
fi
cient
ly
concl
usi
vet
hatal
lreasonabl
edoubt
sar
eremov
edf
rom t
hemi
ndort
heor
dinar
yper
son.

Bi
ndov
er-Tohol
daper
sonf
ort
ri
alonbond(
bai
l
)ori
njai
l
.Ift
hej
udi
cial
off
ici
al
conduct
ingapr
eli
minar
yhear
ingf
indspr
obabl
ecauset
obel
i
evet
heaccused
commi
tt
edacr
ime,
theof
fi
cial
wil
lbi
ndov
ert
heaccused,
nor
mal
l
ybyset
ti
ngbai
lfor
t
heaccused
sappear
anceatt
ri
al.

Bond(
super
sedeas)-Thebondsetbyt
hecour
tdur
ingt
heappeal
procedur
eandpost
ed
wi
tht
heCl
erkofCour
t.I
tensur
espay
mentt
othewi
nneratt
het
ri
alcour
tlev
eli
fthe
appeal
isunsuccessf
ul.
Bond(
sur
ety
)-Acer
ti
fi
cat
epost
edbyabondi
ngcompanyt
othel
awenf
orcement
agencyt
osecur
etheappear
ancei
ncour
tofacr
imi
nal
def
endant
.

Booki
ng-Thepr
ocessofphot
ogr
aphi
ng,
finger
pri
nti
ngandr
ecor
dingi
dent
if
yingdat
aof
asuspectaf
terar
rest
.

Br
each-Thebr
eaki
ngorv
iol
ati
ngofal
aw,
right
,ordut
y,ei
therbyt
hecommi
ssi
onor
omi
ssi
onofanact
.

Br
eachofCont
ractFai
l
urebyonepar
tyt
oabi
debyt
het
ermsofacont
ractwi
thout
l
awf
ulexcuse.

Br
ief-Awr
it
tenst
atementpr
epar
edbyonesi
dei
nal
awsui
ttoexpl
aint
othecour
tit
s
v
iewoft
hef
act
sofacaseandt
heappl
i
cabl
elaw.

Bur
denofPr
oof-I
nthel
awofev
idence,
thenecessi
tyordut
yofaf
fi
rmat
ivel
ypr
ovi
nga
f
actorf
act
sindi
sput
eonani
ssuer
aisedbet
weent
hepar
ti
esi
nal
awsui
t.The
r
esponsi
bil
i
tyofpr
ovi
ngapoi
ntorpoi
nts:
Thel
evel
oft
hebur
denofpr
ooff
orat
ypeof
casei
ndi
cat
est
hedegr
eet
owhi
cht
hepoi
ntmustbepr
oven.Forexampl
e,i
naci
vi
l
caset
hebur
denofpr
oofr
est
swi
tht
hepl
aint
if
f,whomustest
abl
i
shhi
s/hercaseby
suchst
andar
dsofpr
oofasapr
eponder
anceofev
idenceorcl
earandconv
inci
ng
ev
idence.I
nacr
imi
nal
case,
thebur
denont
hepr
osecut
ori
stoest
abl
i
sht
he
def
endant
sgui
l
tybey
ondar
easonabl
edoubt
,amuchst
ri
cterst
andar
d.

Ret
urnt
otop

Cal
endar-Li
stofcasesschedul
edf
orhear
ingi
ncour
t.

Cal
endar
ing-Assi
gni
ng&schedul
i
ngofcour
tappear
ances.

Capi
tal
Cri
me-Acr
imepossi
blypuni
shabl
ebydeat
h.

Capt
ion-Theheadi
ngonal
egal
documentl
i
sti
ngt
hepar
ti
es,
thecour
t,t
hecase
number
,andr
elat
edi
nfor
mat
ion.

CaseLaw-Lawest
abl
i
shedbypr
evi
ousdeci
sionsofappel
l
atecour
ts.

Acol
l
ect
ionofwr
it
tendeci
sionst
hatar
erecor
dedandusedaspr
ecedentf
orl
egal
r
easoni
ngi
not
hercases.

Cause-Al
awsui
t,l
i
tigat
ion,
oract
ion.Anyquest
ion,
civ
ilorcr
imi
nal
,l
it
igat
edor
cont
est
edbef
oreacour
tofj
ust
ice.

Cav
eat-Awar
ning;
anot
eofcaut
ion.

Cer
ti
fi
edCopyAcopyofadocumentwi
thacer
ti
fi
cat
eat
test
ingt
oit
saccur
acyand
compl
etenessbyt
heof
fi
cerwhohascust
odyoft
heor
igi
nal
.

Cer
t.Deni
ed-St
andsf
or"
cer
ti
orar
ideni
ed"
;awr
itofcer
ti
orar
iisadi
scr
eti
onar
ymet
hod
bywhi
chasuper
iorcour
tchoosest
hecasesi
twi
shest
ohear
."Cer
t.deni
ed"meanst
hat
t
hecour
thasdeci
dednott
oheart
hecase.

Cer
ti
orar
i-Ameansofget
ti
nganappel
l
atecour
ttor
evi
ewal
owercour
t
sdeci
sion
wheni
tisnotr
equi
redt
odoso.I
fanappel
l
atecour
tgr
ant
sawr
itofcer
ti
orar
i,i
tagr
ees
t
otaket
heappeal
.Thi
sisof
tenr
efer
redt
oas
grant
ingcer
t.
,andr
esul
tsi
nanor
dert
o
t
hel
owercour
ttoconv
eyt
her
ecor
doft
hecaset
otheappel
l
atecour
tandt
ocer
ti
fyi
t
asaccur
ateandcompl
ete.Usual
l
yref
erst
oar
equestf
ort
heSupr
emeCour
ttor
evi
ewa
deci
si
onoft
heCour
tofAppeal
s.

Chal
l
enge-Ter
m usedi
naj
uryt
ri
alf
oranat
tempt
oexcl
udeapot
ent
ial
jur
or.

Chal
l
engef
orCause-Obj
ect
iont
otheseat
ingofapar
ti
cul
arj
urorf
orast
atedr
eason
(
usual
l
ybi
asorpr
ejudi
cef
ororagai
nstoneoft
hepar
ti
esi
nthel
awsui
t)
.Thej
udgehas
t
hedi
scr
eti
ont
odenyt
hechal
l
enge.Di
sti
ngui
shedf
rom per
empt
orychal
l
enge,
whi
ch
t
heypar
tycanusual
l
yexer
ciseasamat
terofr
ight
.

Chamber
s-Aj
udge
spr
ivat
eof
fi
ce.Ahear
ingi
nchamber
stakespl
acei
nthej
udge
s
of
fi
ceout
sideoft
hepr
esenceoft
hej
uryandt
hepubl
i
c.
ChangeofVenue-Mov
ingal
awsui
torcr
imi
nal
tri
alt
oanot
herpl
acef
ort
ri
al.Venue
maybechangedwhenacaseshasr
ecei
vedsomuchl
ocal
publ
i
cit
yast
ocr
eat
ea
l
i
kel
i
hoodofbi
asi
nthej
urypool
.

Char
get
otheJur
y-Thej
udge
sinst
ruct
ionst
othej
uryexpl
aini
ngt
hel
awt
hatappl
i
est
o
t
hef
act
soft
hecaseont
ri
al.

Char
ges(
mul
ti
ple)-Acasewi
thmor
ethanonecountorof
fensel
i
stedont
hecour
tfi
l
e.

Char
gingDocument-Aci
tat
ion,
inf
ormat
ion,
indi
ctmentornot
icet
oappear
,indi
cat
ing
t
hatt
henamedper
soncommi
tt
edaspeci
fi
ccr
imi
nal
off
enseorci
vi
li
nfr
act
ion.

Chi
efJudge-Pr
esi
dingoradmi
nist
rat
ivej
udgei
nacour
t.

Ci
rcumst
ant
ial
Evi
dence-Al
lev
idenceexceptey
ewi
tnesst
est
imony
.Ev
idencef
rom
whi
chani
nfer
encemustbedr
awn.Exampl
esi
ncl
udedocument
s,phot
ogr
aphs,
and
phy
sical
evi
dence,
suchasf
inger
pri
nts.

Ci
tat
ion-Awr
it
tennot
icet
oappeari
ncour
t,usual
l
ytoanswerav
iol
ati
onoft
raf
fi
claw
orot
hermi
norcr
imi
nal
laws.

Ci
vi
lAct
ion-Non-
cri
minal
casesi
nwhi
chonepr
ivat
eindi
vi
dual
,busi
ness,
or
gov
ernmentsuesanot
hert
opr
otect
,enf
orce,
orr
edr
esspr
ivat
eorci
vi
lri
ght
s.

Ci
vi
lCont
emptCont
emptcanbeci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
dependi
ngont
hepur
poset
hecour
t
seekst
oachi
evet
hroughi
tspuni
shment
.Cont
empti
sci
vi
lwhent
hepur
poseof
puni
shmenti
stocoer
cet
hedef
endantt
oper
for
m anactpr
evi
ousl
yor
der
edbyt
hecour
t,
whi
cht
hedef
endanthasnotdone,
suchaspay
ingchi
l
dsuppor
t.Compar
ewi
thCr
imi
nal
Cont
empt
.

Ci
vi
lPr
ocedur
e-Thesetofr
ulesandpr
ocessbywhi
chaci
vi
lcasei
str
iedandappeal
ed,
i
ncl
udi
ngt
hepr
epar
ati
onsf
ort
ri
al,
ther
ulesofev
idenceandt
ri
alconduct
,andt
he
pr
ocedur
eforpur
sui
ngappeal
s.

Cl
assAct
ion-Al
awsui
tbr
oughtbyoneormor
eper
sonsonbehal
fofal
argergr
oup.
Cl
earandConv
inci
ngEv
idence-St
andar
dofpr
oofcommonl
yusedi
nci
vi
ll
awsui
tsand
i
nregul
ator
yagencyappeal
s.I
tgov
ernst
heamountofpr
ooft
hatmustbeof
fer
edi
n
or
derf
ort
hepl
aint
if
ftowi
nthecase.I
timposesagr
eat
erbur
dent
hant
he
pr
eponder
anceofev
idencest
andar
d,butl
esst
hant
hecr
imi
nal
standar
dbey
onda
r
easonabl
edoubt
.

Cl
emencyorExecut
iveCl
emency-Actofgr
aceormer
cybyt
hepr
esi
dentorgov
ernort
o
easet
heconsequencesofacr
imi
nal
act
,accusat
ion,
orconv
ict
ion.I
tmayt
aket
hef
orm
ofcommut
ati
onorpar
don.

Cl
osi
ngAr
gument-Thecl
osi
ngst
atement
,bycounsel
,tot
het
ri
eroff
act
saf
teral
l
par
ti
eshav
econcl
udedt
hei
rpr
esent
ati
onofev
idence.

Codi
ci
l-Anamendmentt
oawi
l
l.

Col
l
ater
alEst
oppel
Rul
ethatbar
srel
i
tigat
ionbet
weent
hesamepar
ti
esofapar
ti
cul
ar
i
ssueordet
ermi
nat
ivef
actwhent
her
eisapr
iorj
udgment
.

Commi
t-Tosendaper
sont
opr
ison,
asy
lum,
orr
efor
mat
orybyacour
tor
der
.

CommonLaw-Thel
egal
syst
em t
hator
igi
nat
edi
nEngl
andandi
snowi
nusei
nthe
Uni
tedSt
ates.I
tder
ivesl
egal
pri
nci
plesf
rom t
hest
atement
sbyj
udgesi
nthei
rwr
it
ten
opi
nions,
rat
hert
hanf
rom st
atut
esenact
edbyl
egi
slat
ivebodi
es.

Commut
ati
on-Ther
educt
ionofasent
ence,
asf
rom deat
htol
i
fei
mpr
isonment
.

Co-
Def
endant
s-Mor
ethanoneper
sonar
rest
edandchar
gedont
hesamecr
imi
nal
i
nci
dent
.

Compar
ati
veNegl
i
gence-Al
egal
doct
ri
neef
fect
ivei
nNewMexi
co,
bywhi
chact
soft
he
opposi
ngpar
ti
esi
nat
ortcasear
ecompar
edt
odet
ermi
net
hel
i
abi
l
ityofeachpar
ty,
maki
ngeachl
i
abl
eonl
yforhi
s/herper
cent
ageoff
aul
t.Seeal
socont
ri
but
orynegl
i
gence.

Compensat
oryDamagesDamagesawar
dedt
ocompensat
ethenonbr
eachi
ngor
i
njur
edpar
ty.
Compet
encyt
oSt
andTr
ial
-Inor
dert
obecompet
entt
ost
andt
ri
al,
aper
sonmusthav
e
t
hecapaci
tyt
ounder
standt
henat
ureandobj
ectoft
hepr
oceedi
ngs,
toconsul
twi
th
counsel
,andt
oassi
sti
npr
epar
inghi
s/herdef
ense.Duepr
ocesspr
ohi
bit
sthe
gov
ernmentf
rom pr
osecut
ingadef
endantwhoi
snotcompet
entt
ost
andt
ri
al.

Compet
entWi
tnessEv
eryper
soni
sconsi
der
edcompet
entt
obeawi
tness.Whena
par
tyquest
ionst
hecompet
encyofawi
tness,
thej
udgemustdet
ermi
net
hewi
tness
s
capaci
tyt
oobser
ve,
recal
l
,andcommuni
cat
ewhatheorshewi
tnessed,
andt
hatt
he
wi
tnessunder
standst
hedut
ytobet
rut
hful
.

Compl
ainant-Thepar
tywhocompl
ainsorsues;
onewhoappl
i
est
othecour
tforl
egal
r
edr
ess.Al
socal
l
edt
hepl
aint
if
f.

Compl
aint[
Civ
il
]Thei
nit
ial
paper
wor
kfi
l
edi
naci
vi
lact
iont
hatst
atest
hecl
aimf
or
whi
chr
eli
efi
ssought
;int
hecompl
aintt
hepl
aint
if
fst
atest
hewr
ongsal
l
egedl
y
commi
tt
edbyt
hedef
endant
.[Cr
imi
nal
]Aswor
nwr
it
tenst
atementshowi
ngt
hatt
he
compl
aini
ngper
sonhasr
easont
obel
i
evet
hatt
hedef
endanthasv
iol
atedacr
imi
nal
law.

Conci
l
iat
ion-Af
orm ofal
ter
nat
ivedi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
nwhi
cht
hepar
ti
esbr
ingt
hei
r
di
sput
etoaneut
ral
thi
rdpar
ty,
whohel
psl
owert
ensi
ons,
impr
ovecommuni
cat
ions,
and
expl
orepossi
blesol
uti
ons.Conci
l
iat
ioni
ssi
mil
art
omedi
ati
on,
buti
tmaybel
essf
ormal
.

Concur
rentJur
isdi
cti
onAut
hor
it
yvest
edi
nmor
ethanonecour
ttohearandr
esol
ve
speci
fi
cty
pesofdi
sput
es.

Concur
rentSent
ences-Sent
encesofi
mpr
isonmentf
orconv
ict
ionofmor
ethanone
cr
ime,
tobeser
vedatt
hesamet
ime,
rat
hert
hanoneaf
tert
heot
her
.

Condemnat
ion-Thel
egal
processbywhi
cht
hegov
ernmentt
akespr
ivat
elandf
ora
publ
i
cuse,
pay
ingt
heowner
saf
airpr
iceasdet
ermi
nedbyt
hecour
t.

Condi
ti
onsofRel
ease-Condi
ti
onsuponwhi
chanar
rest
edper
soni
srel
easedpendi
ng
t
ri
al.
Consecut
iveSent
ences-Successi
vesent
encesofi
mpr
isonment
,onebegi
nni
ngatt
he
expi
rat
ionofanot
her
,imposedagai
nstaper
sonconv
ict
edoft
woormor
ecr
imes.

Conser
vat
orshi
p-Legal
rightgi
vent
oaper
sont
omanaget
hepr
oper
tyandf
inanci
al
af
fai
rsofaper
sondeemedi
ncapabl
eofdoi
ngt
hatf
orhi
msel
f/her
sel
f.(
Seeal
so
guar
dianshi
p.Conser
vat
orshav
esomewhatl
essr
esponsi
bil
i
tyt
hanguar
dians.
)

Consi
der
ati
onAbar
gai
ned-
forbenef
itorr
ight
.Consi
der
ati
onmaybeapr
omi
set
o
per
for
m acer
tai
nactf
orexampl
e,apr
omi
set
odel
i
vergoods,
apr
omi
senott
odo
somet
hing,
pay
ment
,orapr
omi
set
opaymoney
,amongot
hert
hings.What
everi
ts
par
ti
cul
ars,
consi
der
ati
onmustbesomet
hingofv
aluet
othepeopl
ewhoar
emaki
ngt
he
cont
ract
.

Consol
i
dat
ion-Joi
nderoft
woormor
esepar
atel
yfi
l
edcr
imi
nal
orci
vi
lcompl
aint
s,so
t
hatt
hechar
gesmaybet
ri
edt
oget
her
.

Cont
emptofCour
tBehav
iori
ntendedt
olessent
hedi
gni
tyofacour
t.Al
so,
awi
l
lful
act
ofdi
sobedi
enceofaj
udge
sver
bal
orwr
it
tenor
der
.Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofcont
empt
,
di
rectandi
ndi
rect
.Whent
hecont
umaci
ous(
cont
empt
uous)conductoccur
sbef
oret
he
j
udge,
thecont
empti
sdi
rectandmaybepuni
shedsummar
il
y.Al
lot
herconductnot
wi
tnessedbyt
hej
udgei
sindi
rectcont
empt
.Bef
orepuni
shi
ngi
ndi
rectcont
empt
,the
cour
tmustgi
vet
heaccusedpar
tynot
iceandanoppor
tuni
tyt
obehear
d.Seeal
soCi
vi
l
Cont
emptandCr
imi
nal
Cont
empt
.

Cont
inuance-Def
ermentofat
ri
alorhear
ingt
oal
aterdat
e.

Cont
raband-Ar
ti
cl
es,
thepossessi
onofwhi
chi
spr
ohi
bit
edbyl
aw.

Cont
ract-Anagr
eementbet
weent
woormor
eper
sonst
hatcr
eat
esanobl
i
gat
iont
odo
ornott
odoapar
ti
cul
art
hing.Acont
ractmusthav
esomet
hingofv
aluepr
omi
sedor
gi
ven,
andar
easonabl
eamountofagr
eementbet
weent
hepar
ti
esast
owhatt
he
cont
ractmeans.Thepar
ti
esmustbel
egal
l
ycapabl
eofmaki
ngbi
ndi
ngagr
eement
s.

Cont
ri
but
oryNegl
i
gence-Al
egal
doct
ri
net
hatpr
event
sthepl
aint
if
finaci
vi
lact
ionf
rom
r
ecov
eri
ngagai
nstadef
endantf
orhi
s/hernegl
i
gencei
fthepl
aint
if
fwasal
sonegl
i
gent
.
Conv
ict
ion-Aj
udgmentofgui
l
tagai
nstacr
imi
nal
def
endant
.

Cor
pusDel
i
cti
-Bodyoft
hecr
ime.Theobj
ect
ivepr
ooft
hatacr
imehasbeencommi
tt
ed.
I
tsomet
imesr
efer
stot
hebodyoft
hev
ict
im ofahomi
cideort
othechar
redshel
lofa
bur
nedhouse,
butt
het
erm hasabr
oadermeani
ng.Fort
hest
atet
oint
roducea
conf
essi
onort
oconv
ictt
heaccused,
itmustpr
oveacor
pusdel
i
cti
,thati
s,t
he
occur
renceofaspeci
fi
cinj
uryorl
ossandacr
imi
nal
actast
hesour
ceoft
hatpar
ti
cul
ar
i
njur
yorl
oss.

Cor
robor
ati
ngEv
idence-Suppl
ement
aryev
idencet
hatt
endst
ost
rengt
henorconf
ir
m
t
hei
nit
ial
evi
dence.

Cost
s-Feesr
equi
redi
nthecour
seofal
awsui
t,begi
nni
ngwi
tht
hedocket
ingorf
il
ing
f
ee,
andmayi
ncl
udeser
vicef
ees,
wit
nessf
ees,
publ
i
cat
ionf
ees,
etc.Doesnoti
ncl
ude
at
tor
neyf
ees.

Counsel
-Legal
adv
iser
;at
erm usedt
oref
ert
olawy
ersi
nacase.

Count
ercl
aim -Acl
aim madebyt
hedef
endanti
naci
vi
ll
awsui
tagai
nstt
hepl
aint
if
f.I
n
essence,
acount
erl
awsui
twi
thi
nal
awsui
t.

Cour
t-Gov
ernmentent
it
yaut
hor
izedt
oresol
vel
egal
disput
es.Judgessomet
imesuse

cour
tt
oref
ert
othemsel
vesi
nthet
hir
dper
son,
asi
nt
hecour
thasr
eadt
hebr
ief
.

Cour
tAdmi
nist
rat
or/
Cler
kofCour
t-Anof
fi
cerappoi
ntedbyt
hecour
ttoov
erseet
he
admi
nist
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ive,
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judi
cial
act
ivi
ti
esoft
hecour
t.

Cour
tCost
s-Theexpensesofpr
osecut
ingordef
endi
ngal
awsui
t,ot
hert
hant
he
at
tor
ney
sf
ees.Whenper
mit
tedbyl
aw,
acour
tmayawar
danamountofmoneyt
othe
successf
ulpar
ty,
tobepai
dbyt
hel
osi
ngpar
ty,
asr
eimbur
sementf
ort
hewi
nner
scour
t
cost
s.

Cour
tRecor
der-Adeput
ycl
erkwhomai
ntai
nst
hev
erbat
imr
ecor
dofcour
tpr
oceedi
ngs
ont
ape.

Cour
tRepor
ter-Acer
ti
fi
edper
sonwhomai
ntai
nst
hev
erbat
imr
ecor
dofcour
t
pr
oceedi
ngs.

Cour
tRul
esPr
ocedur
alr
ulesadopt
edbyacour
tthatgov
ernt
hel
i
tigat
ionpr
ocess.
Cour
trul
esof
tengov
ernt
hef
ormatandst
yleofdocument
ssubmi
tt
edt
othecour
t.

Cr
imi
nal
Cont
empt-Acr
imi
nal
cont
empti
sanactdonei
ndi
srespectoft
hecour
tori
ts
pr
ocessorwhi
chobst
ruct
stheadmi
nist
rat
ionofj
ust
iceort
endst
obr
ingt
hecour
tint
o
di
sreput
e.Cr
imi
nal
cont
emptcanbedi
rectori
ndi
rect
.Di
rectcont
empti
nvol
ves
di
sor
der
lyori
nsol
entbehav
iori
nthepr
esenceoft
hej
udget
hati
nter
fer
eswi
tht
he
cour
seofaj
udi
ci
alpr
oceedi
ng;
iti
spuni
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esummar
il
y(i
.e.wi
thoutahear
ing)byf
ine
ori
mpr
isonment
.Indi
rectcont
empti
nvol
veswi
l
lful
disobedi
enceofcour
tor
der
saway
f
rom t
hecour
t,whi
cht
endt
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ust
ice.Forexampl
e,r
efusi
ngt
ocar
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awf
ul
cour
tor
der
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event
ingser
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ocess,
wit
hhol
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idence,
andbr
ibi
ngawi
tness
ar
eal
lconsi
der
edi
ndi
rectcr
imi
nal
cont
empt
.Aper
sonchar
gedwi
thi
ndi
rectcont
empt
i
sent
it
ledt
onot
iceandahear
ing.

Cr
oss-
Clai
m -Acl
aim bycodef
endant
sorcopl
aint
if
fsi
naci
vi
lcaseagai
nsteachot
her
andnotagai
nstper
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heopposi
tesi
deoft
hel
awsui
t.

Cr
oss-
Exami
nat
ion-Thequest
ioni
ngofawi
tnesspr
oducedbyt
heot
hersi
de.

Cumul
ati
veSent
ences-Sent
encesf
ort
woormor
ecr
imest
orunconsecut
ivel
y,r
ather
t
hanconcur
rent
ly.

Cust
ody-Det
aini
ngofaper
sonbyl
awf
ulpr
ocessoraut
hor
it
ytoassur
ehi
s/her
appear
anceatanyhear
ing;
thej
ail
i
ngori
mpr
isonmentofaper
sonconv
ict
edofacr
ime.

Ret
urnt
otop

Damages-Moneyawar
dedbyacour
ttoaper
soni
njur
edbyt
heunl
awf
ulactor
negl
i
genceofanot
herper
son.

Deci
sion-Thej
udgmentr
eachedorgi
venbyacour
tofl
aw.

Decl
arat
oryJudgment-Aj
udgmentoft
hecour
tthatexpl
ainswhatt
heexi
sti
ngl
awi
sor
expr
essest
heopi
nionoft
hecour
tast
other
ight
sandst
atusoft
hepar
ti
es,
butwhi
ch
doesnotawar
drel
i
eforpr
ovi
deenf
orcement
.

Decr
ee-Anor
deroft
hecour
t.Af
inal
decr
eei
sonet
hatf
ull
yandf
inal
l
ydi
sposesoft
he
l
i
tigat
ion.Ani
nter
locut
orydecr
eei
sapr
eli
minar
yor
dert
hatof
tendi
sposesofonl
ypar
t
ofal
awsui
t.

Def
amat
ion-Thatwhi
cht
endst
oinj
ureaper
son
sreput
ati
on.Li
bel
ispubl
i
shed
def
amat
ion,
wher
eassl
anderi
sspoken.

Def
aul
t-Af
ail
uret
orespondt
oal
awsui
twi
thi
nthespeci
fi
edt
ime.

Def
aul
tJudgment-Aj
udgmentent
eredagai
nstapar
tywhof
ail
stoappeari
ncour
tor
r
espondt
otheci
vi
lcompl
aintorpet
it
ion.

Def
endant-I
naci
vi
lcase,
theper
sonbei
ngsued.I
nacr
imi
nal
case,
theper
sonchar
ged
wi
thacr
ime.

Def
err
edSent
enceAsent
encet
hati
spost
ponedt
oaf
utur
eti
me.Af
terconv
ict
ion,
the
j
udgedoesnotannounceori
mposeasent
ence,
butdef
erssent
enci
ngt
oaf
utur
edat
e
sot
hatt
hedef
endantwi
l
lcompl
etecer
tai
ncondi
ti
ons,
suchasat
tendi
ngdr
ivi
ngschool
orcompl
eti
ngapr
obat
ionar
yper
iod.I
ftheper
soncompl
etest
her
equi
rement
s,t
hecase
wi
l
lbedi
smi
ssedandwi
l
lnotbepar
toft
hedef
endant
scr
imi
nal
recor
d.

Def
ici
encyJudgmentJudgmentf
oracr
edi
torf
oranamountequal
tot
hedi
ff
erence
bet
weent
heamountowedbyt
hedebt
orandt
heamountcol
l
ect
edf
rom sal
eoft
he
col
l
ater
al.

Demandf
orDi
scov
ery-Demandbyt
hedef
enseat
tor
neyt
othepr
osecut
ort
ofur
nish
mat
eri
ali
nfor
mat
iononacase.
Demandi
ngSt
ate-Thest
ateseeki
ngr
etur
nofaf
ugi
ti
ve.

DeNov
o-
Anew.
At
ri
aldenov
oisanewt
ri
alofacase,
suchasadi
str
ictcour
ttr
ial
de
nov
oofamagi
str
atecour
tcase.

Deposi
ti
on-Anor
alst
atementmadebef
oreanof
fi
ceraut
hor
izedbyl
awt
oadmi
nist
er
oat
hs.Suchst
atement
sar
etakent
oexami
nepot
ent
ial
wit
nesses,
toobt
aindi
scov
eryt
o
beusedl
ateri
ntr
ial
.Test
imonyofawi
tnessot
hert
hani
nopencour
t.

DescentandDi
str
ibut
ionSt
atut
es-St
atel
awst
hatpr
ovi
def
ort
hedi
str
ibut
ionofest
ate
pr
oper
tyofaper
sonwhodi
eswi
thoutawi
l
l.Sameasi
ntest
acyl
aws.

Desi
gnee-Aper
sonappoi
ntedbyaj
udget
oactf
ort
hecour
ttosetcondi
ti
onsof
r
eleasef
oranyper
sonar
rest
edatat
imewhent
hej
udgei
snotav
ail
abl
e.

Di
rectEv
idence-Pr
oofoff
act
sbywi
tnesseswhosawact
sdoneorhear
dwor
dsspoken.

Di
rectExami
nat
ion-Thef
ir
stquest
ioni
ngofwi
tnessesbyt
hepar
tyonwhosebehal
f
t
heyar
ecal
l
ed.

Di
rect
edVer
dict-Nowcal
l
edj
udgmentasamat
terofl
aw.Ani
nst
ruct
ionbyt
hej
udget
o
t
hej
uryt
oret
urnaspeci
fi
cver
dict
.

Di
sbar
ment-For
m ofdi
sci
pli
neofal
awy
err
esul
ti
ngi
nthel
oss(
oft
enper
manent
ly)of
t
hatl
awy
er
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ghtt
opr
act
icel
aw.I
tismor
esev
eret
hancensur
e(anof
fi
cial
repr
imand
orcondemnat
ion)andsuspensi
on(
atempor
aryl
ossoft
her
ightt
opr
act
icel
aw.
)

Di
schar
geofbond-Acour
tor
dert
orel
easeabond.

Di
scl
aim -Tor
efuseagi
ftmadei
nawi
l
l.

Di
scov
eryI
nvest
igat
ionandgat
her
ingofi
nfor
mat
ionbyopposi
ngpar
ti
espr
iort
o
goi
ngt
otr
ial
.Thet
ool
sofdi
scov
eryi
ncl
ude:
int
err
ogat
ori
es,
deposi
ti
ons,
product
ionof
document
sort
hings,
per
missi
ont
oent
erl
andorot
herpr
oper
ty,
phy
sical
andment
al
exami
nat
ions,
andr
equest
sforadmi
ssi
on.
Di
scr
eti
on-Apowerorr
ightconf
err
edonaj
udget
oactaccor
dingt
othedi
ctat
esofhi
s
ownj
udgmentandconsci
ence,
uncont
rol
l
edbyt
hej
udgmentorconsci
enceofot
her
s.

Di
smi
ssal
Anor
derorj
udgmentdi
sposi
ngofacasewi
thoutat
ri
al.

Wi
thpr
ejudi
ceI
ncr
imi
nal
cases,
thedef
endantmaynotbechar
gedwi
tht
hespeci
fi
c
cr
imeagai
n.Acasei
susual
l
ydi
smi
ssedwi
thpr
ejudi
cewhent
hecour
thasnotpur
sued
act
ionwi
thi
nthesi
x-mont
hti
mel
i
mit
.Inci
vi
lcases,
thecompl
ainanti
sbar
redf
rom
br
ingi
ngt
hesamecl
aim orcauseofact
ionagai
nstt
hesamedef
endant
.

Wi
thoutpr
ejudi
ce-t
heper
sonmaybechar
gedwi
tht
hespeci
fi
ccr
imeagai
n.Acasei
s
usual
l
ydi
smi
ssedwi
thoutpr
ejudi
cewhenmor
eev
idencei
sneededi
nacaseort
he
caseneedst
obef
il
edi
nanot
hercour
tbecauseofj
uri
sdi
cti
onal
issues.I
nci
vi
lcases,
t
hepl
aint
if
fisent
it
ledt
obr
ingt
hesamecl
aim orcauseofact
ionagai
n.

Di
sposi
ti
on-Thesent
enci
ngorot
herf
inal
set
tl
ementofacase.

Di
ssent(
Ver
b)Todi
sagr
ee.(
Noun)Anappel
l
atecour
topi
nionset
ti
ngf
ort
hthe
mi
nor
it
yvi
ewandout
li
ningt
hedi
sagr
eementofoneormor
ejudgeswi
tht
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sionof
t
hemaj
ori
ty.

Di
ver
sion-Thepr
ocessofr
emov
ingsomemi
norof
fensesf
rom t
hef
ull
judi
cial
process,
ont
hecondi
ti
ont
hatt
heaccusedunder
gosomesor
tofr
ehabi
l
itat
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r
est
it
uti
onf
ordamages.

DOC-TheDepar
tmentofCor
rect
ions-st
atepr
isonf
aci
l
ity
.

Docket-Al
i
stofcasest
obehear
dbyacour
toral
ogcont
aini
ngbr
iefent
ri
esofcour
t
pr
oceedi
ngs.

DocketCal
l-Thepr
oceedi
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gnst
ri
aldat
esort
akespl
eas.

DocketNumberThenumer
ical
desi
gnat
ionassi
gnedt
oeachcasebyt
hecour
t.

Domi
cil
e-Thepl
acewher
eaper
sonhashi
s/herper
manentl
egal
home.Aper
sonmay
hav
esev
eral
resi
dences,
butonl
yonedomi
cil
e.

Doubl
eJeopar
dy-Put
ti
ngaper
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ri
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ethanoncef
ort
hesamecr
ime.I
tis
f
orbi
ddenbyt
heFi
ft
hAmendmentt
otheU.
S.Const
it
uti
onandbyAr
ti
cleI
I,
Eoft
heNM
Const
it
uti
on.

DuePr
ocessofLaw-Ther
ightofal
lper
sonst
orecei
vet
heguar
ant
eesandsaf
eguar
ds
oft
hel
awandt
hej
udi
ci
alpr
ocess.I
tincl
udessuchconst
it
uti
onal
requi
rement
sas
adequat
enot
iceofl
egal
proceedi
ngs,
oppor
tuni
tyt
obehear
dbyt
hej
udge,
assi
stance
ofcounsel
,andt
hedef
endant
sr
ight
stor
emai
nsi
l
ent
,toaspeedyandpubl
i
ctr
ial
,toan
i
mpar
ti
alj
uryandt
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rontandsecur
ewi
tnesses.

Ret
urnt
otop

El
ement
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ime-Speci
fi
cfact
orst
hatdef
ineacr
imeandwhi
cht
hepr
osecut
ion
mustpr
ovebey
ondar
easonabl
edoubti
nor
dert
oobt
ainaconv
ict
ion.

Emi
nentDomai
n-Thepoweroft
hegov
ernmentt
otakepr
ivat
epr
oper
tyf
orpubl
i
cuse
t
hroughcondemnat
ion.

EnBanc-Al
lthej
udgesofacour
tsi
tt
ingt
oget
her
.Appel
l
atecour
tscanconsi
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ejudges,
butof
tent
heyhearcasesi
npanel
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udges.I
facasei
s
hear
dorr
ehear
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hef
ull
cour
t,i
tishear
denbanc.

Endor
sed-St
ampedwi
tht
heseal
oft
hecour
tindi
cat
ingt
hedat
eandt
imeoff
il
ingwi
th
t
hecour
t.

Enj
oini
ng-Anor
derbyt
hecour
ttel
l
ingaper
sont
ost
opper
for
mingaspeci
fi
cact
.

Ent
rapment-Adef
enset
ocr
imi
nal
char
gesal
l
egi
ngt
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soft
hegov
ernment
i
nducedaper
sont
ocommi
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imehe/
sheot
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wisewoul
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ecommi
tt
ed.

Ent
ryofJudgmentorOr
der-Thef
il
ingofawr
it
ten,
dat
edandsi
gnedj
udgmentoror
der
.
Equal
Prot
ect
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heLaw-Theguar
ant
eei
ntheFour
teent
hAmendmentt
otheU.
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Const
it
uti
onAr
ti
cl
eII
I,
andAr
ti
cleI
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Sect
ion18,
oft
heNM Const
it
uti
on,
thatt
hel
aw
t
reatal
lper
sonsequal
l
y.Cour
tdeci
sionshav
eest
abl
i
shedt
hatt
hisguar
ant
eer
equi
res
t
hatcour
tsbeopent
oal
lper
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hesamecondi
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ons,
wit
hli
ker
ulesofev
idence
andmodesofpr
ocedur
e;t
hatper
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ectt
onor
est
ri
cti
onsi
ntheacqui
sit
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pr
oper
ty,
theenj
oymentofper
sonal
li
ber
ty,
andt
hepur
sui
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ness,
whi
chdonot
gener
all
yaf
fectot
her
s;t
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eli
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eat
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ar
elai
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s;andt
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ff
erentorgr
eat
erpuni
shmenti
senf
orcedagai
nst
t
hem f
orav
iol
ati
onoft
hel
aws.

Equi
ty-Gener
all
y,j
ust
iceorf
air
ness.Hi
stor
ical
l
y,equi
tyr
efer
stoasepar
atebodyofl
aw
dev
elopedi
nEngl
andi
nreact
iont
othei
nabi
l
ityoft
hecommon-
lawcour
ts,
int
hei
rst
ri
ct
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encet
ori
gidwr
it
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ormsofact
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toconsi
derorpr
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emedyf
orev
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i
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y.Theki
ngt
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efor
eest
abl
i
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ytodoj
ust
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ti
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ncaseswher
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ess.Thepr
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pleof
t
hissy
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l
lfi
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oachi
eveal
awf
ulr
esul
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egal
pr
ocedur
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e.Remedi
essuchasr
est
rai
ningor
der
sandi
njunct
ionsar
e
equi
tabl
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es.Equi
tyandl
awcour
tsar
enowmer
gedi
nNM.

Escheat-Thepr
ocessbywhi
chadeceasedper
son
spr
oper
tygoest
othest
atei
fno
hei
rcanbef
ound.

Escr
ow-Moneyorawr
it
teni
nst
rumentsuchasadeedt
hat
,byagr
eementbet
weent
wo
par
ti
es,
ishel
dbyaneut
ral
thi
rdpar
ty(
hel
dinescr
ow)unt
ilal
lcondi
ti
onsoft
he
agr
eementar
emet
.

Est
ate-Anest
ateconsi
stsofper
sonal
proper
ty(
car
,househol
dit
ems,
andot
her
t
angi
blei
tems)
,real
proper
tyandi
ntangi
blepr
oper
ty,
suchasst
ockcer
ti
fi
cat
esand
bankaccount
s,ownedi
nthei
ndi
vi
dual
nameofaper
sonatt
het
imeoft
heper
son
s
deat
h.I
tdoesnoti
ncl
udel
i
fei
nsur
ancepr
oceeds(
unl
esst
heest
atewasmadet
he
benef
ici
ary
)orot
herasset
sthatpassout
sidet
heest
ate(
li
keaj
ointt
enancyasset
.)
Est
ateTax-Gener
all
y,at
axont
hepr
ivi
l
egeoft
ransf
err
ingpr
oper
tyt
oot
her
saf
tera
per
son
sdeat
h.I
naddi
ti
ont
ofeder
alest
atet
axes,
manyst
ates,
incl
udi
ngNewMexi
co,
hav
ethei
rownest
atet
axes.

Est
oppel
-Aper
son
sownact
,oraccept
anceoff
act
s,whi
chpr
ecl
udehi
sorherl
ater
maki
ngcl
aimst
othecont
rar
y.

Etal
.
Andot
her
s.

EtSeq.-"
Andt
hef
oll
owi
ng.
"

Ev
idence-Test
imonyorexhi
bit
srecei
vedbyt
hecour
tatanyst
ageofcour
tpr
oceedi
ngs.

Exami
nat
ionThequest
ioni
ngofawi
tnessunderoat
h.

Except
ions-Decl
arat
ionsbyei
thersi
dei
naci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
caser
eser
vingt
her
ightt
o
appeal
ajudge
srul
i
nguponamot
ionorobj
ect
ion.Thesear
enol
ongerr
equi
redt
o
pr
eser
veer
rori
nNewMexi
cocour
ts.Al
so,
inr
egul
ator
ycases,
obj
ect
ionsbyei
thersi
de
t
opoi
ntsmadebyt
heot
hersi
deort
orul
i
ngsbyt
heagencyoroneofi
tshear
ing
of
fi
cer
s.

Excl
usi
onar
yRul
e-Ther
ulepr
event
ingi
l
legal
l
yobt
ainedev
idence,
suchaspr
oper
ty
f
ounddur
ingani
l
legal
sear
ch,
from bei
ngusedi
nanyt
ri
al.

Execut
e-Tocompl
etet
hel
egal
requi
rement
s(suchassi
gni
ngbef
orewi
tnesses)t
hat
makeawi
l
lval
i
d.Al
so,
toexecut
eaj
udgmentordecr
eemeanst
oputt
hef
inal
judgment
oft
hecour
tint
oef
fect
.

Execut
or-Aper
sonal
repr
esent
ati
ve,
namedi
nawi
l
l,whoadmi
nist
ersanest
ate.

ExemptPr
oper
tyI
ncol
l
ect
ion,
execut
ion,
andbankr
upt
cypr
oceedi
ngs,
thi
sref
erst
o
cer
tai
npr
oper
typr
otect
edbyl
awf
rom t
her
eachofcr
edi
tor
s.

Exhi
bit
sAdocumentori
tem whi
chi
sfor
mal
l
yint
roducedi
ncour
tandwhi
ch,
when
accept
ed,
ismadepar
toft
hecasef
il
e.
Exi
gentCi
rcumst
ances-Anemer
gency
,demand,
orneedcal
l
ingf
ori
mmedi
ateact
ionor
r
emedyt
hat
,fori
nst
ance,
woul
djust
if
yawar
rant
lesssear
ch.

Exoner
ate-Remov
alofachar
ge,
responsi
bil
i
tyordut
y.

ExPar
te-Onbehal
fofonl
yonepar
ty,
wit
houtnot
icet
oanyot
herpar
ty.Forexampl
e,a
r
equestf
orasear
chwar
ranti
sanexpar
tepr
oceedi
ng,
sincet
heper
sonsubj
ectt
othe
sear
chi
snotnot
if
iedoft
hepr
oceedi
ngandi
snotpr
esentatt
hehear
ing.

ExPar
teCommuni
cat
ionCommuni
cat
ionaboutal
awsui
tbet
weenaj
udgeandone
par
ty,
wit
ness,
att
orney
,orot
herper
soni
nter
est
edi
nthel
i
tigat
ionwhenal
loft
he
par
ti
esar
enotpr
esentandt
heabsentpar
tydi
dnothav
enot
ice.

ExPar
tePr
oceedi
ng-Thel
egal
procedur
einwhi
chonl
yonesi
dei
spr
esentor
r
epr
esent
ed.I
tdi
ff
ersf
rom t
headv
ersar
ysy
stem oradv
ersar
ypr
oceedi
ng,
andi
sonl
y
l
awf
uli
nli
mit
edci
rcumst
ances.Forexampl
e,ahear
ingf
orat
empor
aryr
est
rai
ning
or
der
.

ExPostFact
o-Af
tert
hef
act
.TheConst
it
uti
onpr
ohi
bit
stheenact
mentofexpostf
act
o
l
aws.Thesear
elawst
hatper
mitconv
ict
ionandpuni
shmentf
oranactt
hatwasl
awf
ul
att
het
imei
twasper
for
med.

Expr
essWar
rant
y-Anaf
fi
rmat
ionoff
actorpr
omi
semadebyt
hesel
l
ert
othebuy
er
t
hati
srel
i
eduponbyt
hebuy
eri
nagr
eei
ngt
othecont
ract
.

Expungement-Of
fi
ci
alandf
ormal
erasur
eofar
ecor
dorpar
ti
alcont
ent
sofar
ecor
d.

Ext
enuat
ingCi
rcumst
ances-Ci
rcumst
ancest
hatr
enderacr
imel
essaggr
avat
ed,
hei
nous,
orr
epr
ehensi
blet
hani
twoul
dot
her
wisebe.

Ext
radi
ti
on-Sur
renderbyonest
atet
oanot
herofaper
sonaccusedorconv
ict
edofan
of
fenseout
sidei
tsownt
err
it
oryandwi
thi
nter
ri
tor
ial
jur
isdi
cti
onoft
heot
her
,wi
tht
he
ot
herst
atewhi
chi
scompet
entt
otr
yhi
m/her
,demandi
nghi
s/hersur
render
.

Ext
ri
nsi
c-For
eign,
from out
sidesour
ces.
Ret
urnt
otop

Fami
l
yAl
l
owance-Asmal
lamountofmoneysetasi
def
rom t
heest
ateoft
hedeceased.
I
tspur
posei
stopr
ovi
def
ort
hesur
viv
ingf
ami
l
ymember
sdur
ingt
headmi
nist
rat
ionof
t
heest
ate.

Fel
onyAcr
imet
hatal
l
owsadef
endantt
obei
mpr
isonedf
ormor
ethanoney
earupon
bei
ngf
oundgui
l
ty.

Fi
duci
ary-Aper
sonhav
ingal
egal
rel
ati
onshi
poft
rustandconf
idencet
oanot
herand
hav
ingadut
ytoactpr
imar
il
yfort
heot
her
sbenef
it
:i.
e.,
aguar
dian,
trust
eeorexecut
or.

Fi
l
e-Topl
aceapaperi
ntheof
fi
cial
cust
odyoft
hecl
erkofcour
t/cour
tadmi
nist
rat
ort
o
ent
eri
ntot
hef
il
esorr
ecor
dsofacase.

Fi
l
edi
nOpenCour
t-Cour
tdocument
sent
eredi
ntot
hef
il
eincour
tdur
ingl
egal
pr
oceedi
ngs.

Fi
nal
OrderAnor
dert
hatendst
hel
awsui
tbet
weent
hepar
ti
es,
resol
vest
hemer
it
sof
t
hecase,
andl
eav
esnot
hingt
obedonebutenf
orcement
.

Fi
ndi
ng-For
mal
concl
usi
onbyaj
udgeorr
egul
ator
yagencyoni
ssuesoff
act
.Al
so,
a
concl
usi
onbyaj
uryr
egar
dingaf
act
.

Fi
rstAppear
ance-Thei
nit
ial
appear
anceofanar
rest
edper
sonbef
oreaj
udget
o
det
ermi
newhet
herornott
her
eispr
obabl
ecausef
orhi
s/herar
rest
.Gener
all
y,t
he
per
soncomesbef
oreaj
udgewi
thi
nhour
soft
hear
rest
.Al
socal
l
edi
nit
ial
appear
ance.

Foundat
ion-Pr
eli
minar
yquest
ionst
oawi
tnesst
oest
abl
i
shadmi
ssi
bil
i
tyofev
idence;
i
.e.
,"l
ayi
ngaf
oundat
ion"f
oradmi
ssi
bil
i
ty.

Fr
aud-I
ntent
ional
decept
iont
odepr
iveanot
herper
sonofpr
oper
tyort
oinj
uret
hat
per
soni
nsomeway
.
Fr
uitoft
heCr
ime-Pr
oper
tyacqui
redbymeansandi
nconsequenceoft
hecommi
ssi
on
ofacr
ime,
andsomet
imesconst
it
uti
ngt
hesubj
ectmat
teroft
hecr
ime.

Fr
uitoft
hePoi
sonousTr
ee-Pr
oper
tysei
zedorst
atement
smadesubsequentt
oand
becauseofani
l
legal
sear
chori
nter
rogat
ion.Fr
uitoft
hepoi
sonoust
reei
sgener
all
ynot
admi
ssi
blei
nev
idencebecausei
tist
aint
edbyt
hei
l
legal
sear
chori
nter
rogat
ion.

Fugi
ti
ve-Aper
sonwhof
leesf
rom onest
atet
oanot
hert
oav
oidpr
osecut
ion.

Ret
urnt
otop

Gar
nishment-Al
egal
proceedi
ngi
nwhi
chadebt
or
smoney
,whi
chi
sint
hepossessi
on
ofanot
her(
cal
l
edt
hegar
nishee)
,isappl
i
edt
othedebt
soft
hedebt
or,
suchaswhenan
empl
oyergar
nishesadebt
or
swages.

Gener
alDamages-Compensat
ionf
ort
hel
ossdi
rect
lyandnecessar
il
yincur
redbya
br
eachofcont
ract
.

Gener
alJur
isdi
cti
on-Ref
erst
ocour
tst
hathav
enol
i
mitont
het
ypesofcr
imi
nal
and
ci
vi
lcasest
heymayhear
.

GoodFai
thHonesti
ntentt
oactwi
thoutt
aki
nganunf
airadv
ant
ageov
eranot
her
per
son.Thi
ster
misappl
i
edt
omanyki
ndsoft
ransact
ions.

GoodTi
me-Ar
educt
ioni
nsent
encedt
imei
npr
isonasar
ewar
dforgoodbehav
ior
.It
usual
l
yisone-
thi
rdt
oone-
hal
fof
fthemaxi
mum sent
ence.

Gr
andJur
y-Aj
uryofi
nqui
ryconv
enedt
odet
ermi
newhet
herev
idenceagai
nsta
def
endantj
ust
if
iesi
ssui
ngani
ndi
ctment
;compr
isedofnotmor
ethan18andnotl
ess
t
han15per
sons,
wit
hatl
east12concur
ri
ngbef
oreani
ndi
ctmentmayber
etur
ned.

Gr
ant
ororSet
tl
or-Theper
sonwhoset
supat
rust
.Al
soknownas
trust
or.

Guar
dian-Aper
sonappoi
ntedbywi
l
lorbyl
awt
oassumer
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
or
i
ncompet
entadul
tsormi
norchi
l
dren.I
fonepar
entdi
es,
thechi
l
dren
sguar
dianwi
l
l
usual
l
ybet
heot
herpar
ent
.Ifbot
hdi
e,i
tusual
l
ywi
l
lbeacl
oser
elat
ive.

Guar
dianshi
p-Legal
rightgi
vent
oaper
sont
ober
esponsi
blef
ort
hef
ood,
housi
ng,
heal
thcar
e,andot
hernecessi
ti
esofaper
sondeemedi
ncapabl
eofpr
ovi
dingt
hese
necessi
ti
esf
orhi
msel
f/
her
sel
f.Aguar
dianal
somaybegi
venr
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
ort
he
per
son
sfi
nanci
alaf
fai
rs,
andt
husper
for
m addi
ti
onal
l
yasaconser
vat
or.Seeal
so
Conser
vat
orshi
p.

Ret
urnt
otop

HabeasCor
pus-Awr
itusedasameanst
obr
ingaper
sonbef
oret
hecour
ttodet
ermi
ne
whet
herhe/
shei
sbei
ngdet
ainedunl
awf
ull
y.

Har
mlessEr
ror-Aner
rorcommi
tt
eddur
ingat
ri
alt
hatwascor
rect
edorwasnotser
ious
enought
oaf
fectt
heout
comeoft
het
ri
alandt
her
efor
ewasnotsuf
fi
cient
lyhar
mful
(
prej
udi
cial
)tor
equi
ret
hatt
hej
udgmentber
ever
sedonappeal
.

Hear
ing-
Apr
oceedi
ng,
gener
all
ypubl
i
c,atwhi
chani
ssueoff
actorl
awi
sdi
scussed
andei
therpar
tyhast
her
ightt
obehear
d.

Hear
sayTest
imonybyawi
tnessconcer
ningev
ent
saboutwhi
cht
hewi
tnesshasno
per
sonal
knowl
edge.Hear
sayt
est
imonyconv
eysnotwhatt
hewi
tnessobser
ved
per
sonal
l
y,butwhatot
her
stol
dthewi
tnessorwhatt
hewi
tnesshear
dot
her
ssay
.
Hear
sayi
susual
l
ynotadmi
ssi
bleasev
idencei
ncour
tbecauseofi
tsunr
eli
abi
l
ity
.

Hungj
ury-Jur
yunabl
etor
eachav
erdi
ct.At
ri
alendi
ngi
nahungj
uryr
esul
tsi
nar
etr
ial
wi
thanewj
ury
.

Ret
urnt
otop

I
I
mmuni
ty-Agr
antbyt
hecour
tassur
ingsomeonet
hatt
heywi
l
lnotf
acepr
osecut
ioni
n
r
etur
nfort
hei
rpr
ovi
dingcr
imi
nal
evi
dence.

I
mpeachmentofaWi
tness-Anat
tackont
hecr
edi
bil
i
ty(
bel
i
evabi
l
ity
)ofawi
tness,
t
hroughev
idencei
ntr
oducedf
ort
hatpur
pose.

I
mpl
i
edConsentKnowi
ngi
ndi
rect
ly(
thr
oughconductori
nact
ion)t
hataper
sonwoul
d
agr
eeorgi
veper
missi
on.Forexampl
e,i
nNewMexi
coaper
sonwhoget
sadr
iver
s
l
i
censehasgi
veni
mpl
i
edconsentt
oal
l
owapol
i
ceof
fi
cert
oconductanal
cohol
breat
h
orbl
oodt
est
,whent
hepol
i
cesuspect
stheper
soni
sdr
ivi
ngwhi
l
eint
oxi
cat
ed.

I
mpl
i
edWar
rant
yofMer
chant
abi
l
ityAnassumpt
ioni
nlawt
hatt
hegoodsar
efi
tfor
t
heor
dinar
ypur
posesf
orwhi
chsuchgoodsar
eused.Thi
simpl
i
edwar
rant
yappl
i
est
o
ev
erysal
ebyamer
chantwhodeal
singoodsoft
heki
ndsol
d.Howev
er,
ift
her
eisa
war
ningt
hatt
hegoodsar
esol
dasi
s,
thei
mpl
i
edwar
rant
ydoesnotappl
y.

I
nadmi
ssi
ble-Thatwhi
ch,
undert
her
ulesofev
idence,
cannotbeadmi
tt
edorr
ecei
ved
asev
idence.

I
nCamer
a-I
nchamber
sori
npr
ivat
e.Ahear
ingi
ncamer
atakespl
acei
nthej
udge
s
of
fi
ceout
sideoft
hepr
esenceoft
hej
uryandt
hepubl
i
c.

I
ncar
cer
ate-Toconf
inei
njai
l
.

I
n-Cust
odyAr
rai
gnment
s(j
ail
cases)Ar
rai
gnmentwhi
l
ethedef
endantr
emai
nsi
njai
l
becausedef
endanthasnotbeenr
eleasedonbondorbyot
hermeans.

I
ndet
ermi
nat
eSent
ence-Asent
enceofi
mpr
isonmentt
oaspeci
fi
edmi
nimum and
maxi
mum per
iodoft
ime,
speci
fi
cal
l
yaut
hor
izedbyst
atut
e,subj
ectt
oter
minat
ionbya
par
oleboar
dorot
heraut
hor
izedagencyaf
tert
hepr
isonerhasser
vedt
hemi
nimum
t
erm.

I
ndi
ci
a-Si
gns,
indi
cat
ions.

I
ndi
ctmentThewr
it
tenaccusat
ionbyagr
andj
uryt
hatchar
gesaper
sonnamedi
nthe
i
ndi
ctmentwi
tht
hev
iol
ati
onofal
aw.I
ndi
ctment
sar
eusedf
orf
elonychar
ges,
not
mi
sdemeanor
s.

I
ndi
gency-Fi
nanci
ali
nabi
l
ityt
ohi
real
awy
erorpaycour
tcost
s.

I
ndi
gent-Needyori
mpov
eri
shed.Adef
endantwhocandemonst
rat
ehi
s/heri
ndi
gence
t
othecour
tmaybeassi
gnedacour
t-
appoi
ntedat
tor
neyatpubl
i
cexpensei
ncr
imi
nal
andchi
l
dabuse/
negl
ectcases,
butnoti
not
herci
vi
lcases.

I
nFor
maPauper
is
Int
hemannerofapauper
.Per
missi
ongi
vent
oaper
sont
osue
wi
thoutpay
mentofcour
tcost
sbecauseofi
ndi
genceorpov
ert
y.

I
nfor
mat
ion-Anaccusat
ionagai
nstaper
sonf
oracr
imi
nal
off
ense,
wit
houtan
i
ndi
ctment
;pr
esent
edbyt
hepr
osecut
ioni
nst
eadofagr
andj
ury
.Inf
ormat
ionsar
eused
f
orf
elonychar
ges,
notmi
sdemeanor
s.

I
nfr
a-Bel
ow.

I
nfr
act
ion-Av
iol
ati
onofl
awnotpuni
shabl
ebyi
mpr
isonment
.Mi
nort
raf
fi
cof
fenses
gener
all
yar
econsi
der
edi
nfr
act
ions.

I
nher
it
anceTax-Ast
atet
axonpr
oper
tyt
hatanhei
rorbenef
ici
aryunderawi
l
lrecei
ves
f
rom adeceasedper
son
sest
ate.Thehei
rorbenef
ici
arypay
sthi
stax.

I
nit
ial
Appear
ance-I
ncr
imi
nal
law,
thehear
ingatwhi
chaj
udgedet
ermi
neswhet
her
t
her
eissuf
fi
cientev
idenceagai
nstaper
sonchar
gedwi
thacr
imet
ohol
dhi
m/herf
or
t
ri
al.TheConst
it
uti
onbanssecr
etaccusat
ions,
soi
nit
ial
appear
ancesar
epubl
i
cunl
ess
t
hedef
endantasksot
her
wise;
theaccusedmustbepr
esent
,thoughhe/
sheusual
l
y
doesnotof
ferev
idence.Al
socal
l
edf
ir
stappear
ance.

I
njunct
ion-Wr
itoror
derbyacour
tpr
ohi
bit
ingaspeci
fi
cact
ionf
rom bei
ngcar
ri
edout
byaper
sonorgr
oup.Apr
eli
minar
yinj
unct
ioni
sgr
ant
edpr
ovi
sional
l
y,unt
ilaf
ull
hear
ing
canbehel
dtodet
ermi
nei
fitshoul
dbemadeper
manent
.

I
nspect
ori
alSear
ch-Anent
ryi
ntoandexami
nat
ionofpr
emi
sesorv
ehi
clesbyan
i
nspect
orf
ort
hei
dent
if
icat
ionandcor
rect
ionofcondi
ti
onsdanger
oust
oheal
thor
saf
ety
.

I
nst
ruct
ions-Judge
sexpl
anat
iont
othej
urybef
orei
tbegi
nsdel
i
ber
ati
onsoft
he
quest
ionsi
tmustanswerandt
heappl
i
cabl
elawgov
erni
ngt
hecase.Al
socal
l
edchar
ge
t
othej
ury
.

I
ntangi
bleasset
s-Nonphy
sical
itemst
hathav
eval
ue,
suchasst
ockcer
ti
fi
cat
es,
bonds,
bankaccount
s,andpensi
onbenef
it
s.I
ntangi
bleasset
smustbet
akeni
ntoaccounti
n
est
atepl
anni
nganddi
vor
ce.

I
nter
locut
ory-Pr
ovi
si
onal
;notf
inal
.Ani
nter
locut
oryor
derorani
nter
locut
oryappeal
concer
nsonl
yapar
toft
hei
ssuesr
aisedi
nal
awsui
t.

I
nter
pleaderAnact
ioni
nwhi
chat
hir
dper
sonaskst
heCour
ttodet
ermi
net
her
ight
s
ofot
her
stopr
oper
tyhel
dbutnotownedbyt
het
hir
dper
son.

I
nter
rogat
ori
es-Wr
it
tenquest
ionsaskedbyonepar
tyi
nal
awsui
tforwhi
cht
he
opposi
ngpar
tymustpr
ovi
dewr
it
tenanswer
s.

I
nter
vent
ion-Anact
ionbywhi
chat
hir
dper
sont
hatmaybeaf
fect
edbyal
awsui
tis
per
mit
tedt
obecomeapar
tyt
othesui
t.

I
nterVi
vosGi
ft-Agi
ftmadedur
ingt
hegi
ver
sl
i
fe.

I
nterVi
vosTr
ust-Anot
hernamef
orl
i
vingt
rust
.

I
ntest
acyLaws-SeeDescentandDi
str
ibut
ionSt
atut
es.

I
ntest
ate-Dy
ingwi
thouthav
ingawi
l
l.

I
ntest
ateSuccessi
on-Thepr
ocessbywhi
cht
hepr
oper
tyofaper
sonwhohasdi
ed
wi
thoutawi
l
lpassesont
oot
her
saccor
dingt
othest
ate
sdescentanddi
str
ibut
ion
st
atut
es.I
fsomeonedi
eswi
thoutawi
l
landt
hecour
tusest
hest
ate
sint
est
ate
successi
onl
aws,
anhei
rwhor
ecei
vessomeoft
hedeceased
spr
oper
tyi
sani
ntest
ate
hei
r.

I
nvoket
heRul
e-Separ
ati
onandexcl
usi
onofwi
tnesses(
othert
hanpar
ti
es)f
rom t
he
cour
troom.

I
rr
evocabl
eTr
ust-At
rustt
hat
,oncesetup,
thegr
ant
ormaynotr
evoke.

I
ssue-1.Thedi
sput
edpoi
nti
nadi
sagr
eementbet
weenpar
ti
esi
nal
awsui
t.2.Tosend
outof
fi
cial
l
y,asi
ntoi
ssueanor
der
.

Ret
urnt
otop

Joi
nderCombi
ningchar
gesordef
endant
sont
hesamecompl
aint
.Wher
eacr
imei
s
commi
tt
edbyt
wopeopl
e,bot
hmaybechar
gedononecompl
aint
.Joi
nderal
soappl
i
es
i
nci
vi
lcases,
wher
epar
ti
esandcl
aimsmaybej
oinedi
nonecompl
aint
.

Joi
ntandSev
eral
Liabi
l
ity-Al
egal
doct
ri
net
hatmakeseachoft
hepar
ti
eswhoar
e
r
esponsi
blef
orani
njur
yli
abl
eforal
lthedamagesawar
dedi
nal
awsui
tift
heot
her
r
esponsi
blepar
ti
escannotpay
.

Joi
ntTenancy-Af
orm ofl
egal
co-
owner
shi
pofpr
oper
ty(
alsoknownassur
viv
orshi
p).
Att
hedeat
hofoneco-
owner
,thesur
viv
ingco-
ownerbecomessol
eowneroft
he
pr
oper
ty.Tenancybyt
heent
ir
etyi
saspeci
alf
orm ofj
ointt
enancybet
weenahusband
andwi
fe.

Judge-Anel
ect
edorappoi
ntedpubl
i
cof
fi
cial
wit
haut
hor
it
ytohearanddeci
decasesi
n
acour
tofl
aw.Aj
udgePr
oTem i
sat
empor
aryj
udge.

Judgment-Thef
ir
stdi
sposi
ti
onofal
awsui
t.

ConsentJudgment-Occur
swhent
hepr
ovi
sionsandt
ermsoft
hej
udgmentar
eagr
eed
onbyt
hepar
ti
esandsubmi
tt
edt
othecour
tfori
tssanct
ionandappr
oval
.

Def
aul
tJudgment-Aj
udgmentr
ender
edbecauseoft
hedef
endant
sf
ail
uret
oanswer
orappear
.

JudgmentNot
wit
hst
andi
ngt
heVer
dictJudgmentent
eredbyor
deroft
hecour
tfor
onepar
tynot
wit
hst
andi
ngt
hej
ury
sv
erdi
cti
nfav
oroft
heot
herpar
ty.Aj
udgment
not
wit
hst
andi
ngt
hev
erdi
ctmayonl
yar
iseaf
teramot
ionf
oradi
rect
edv
erdi
ct.

Judgmentont
hePl
eadi
ngsJudgmentbasedont
hepl
eadi
ngsal
one.I
tisusedwhen
t
her
eisnodi
sput
east
othef
act
soft
hecaseandonepar
tyi
sent
it
ledt
oaj
udgmentas
amat
terofl
aw.

Summar
yJudgment-Judgmentgi
venont
hebasi
sofpl
eadi
ngs,
aff
idav
its,
andexhi
bit
s
pr
esent
edf
ort
her
ecor
dwi
thoutanyneedf
orat
ri
al.Aswi
thJudgmentont
hePl
eadi
ngs,
i
tisusedwhent
her
eisnodi
sput
east
othef
act
soft
hecaseandonepar
tyi
sent
it
ledt
o
aj
udgmentasamat
terofl
aw.

JudgmentandSent
ence-Theof
fi
cial
documentofaj
udge
sdi
sposi
ti
onofacase
sent
enci
ngadef
endantt
otheDepar
tmentofCor
rect
ionsorj
ail
cust
ody
.

Judi
ci
alRev
iew-Theaut
hor
it
yofacour
ttor
evi
ewt
heof
fi
cial
act
ionsofot
herbr
anches
ofgov
ernment
.Al
so,
theaut
hor
it
ytodecl
areunconst
it
uti
onal
theact
ionsofot
her
br
anches.

Jur
at-Cer
ti
fi
cat
eofof
fi
cerorper
sonwhom wr
it
ingwasswor
nbef
ore.Ty
pical
l
y,
jur
at
i
susedt
omeant
hecer
ti
fi
cat
eoft
hecompet
entadmi
nist
eri
ngof
fi
cert
hatwr
it
ingwas
swor
ntobyper
sonwhosi
gnedi
t.

Jur
isdi
cti
on-Thecour
t
slegal
aut
hor
it
ytohearandr
esol
vespeci
fi
cdi
sput
es.
Jur
isdi
cti
oni
susual
l
ycomposedofper
sonal
jur
isdi
cti
on(
aut
hor
it
yov
erper
sons)and
subj
ectmat
terj
uri
sdi
cti
on(
aut
hor
it
yov
ert
ypesofcases.
)

Jur
ispr
udence-Thest
udyofl
awandt
hest
ruct
ureoft
hel
egal
syst
em.

Jur
orDi
squal
i
fied-Jur
orexcusedf
rom at
ri
al.

Jur
y-Per
sonssel
ect
edaccor
dingt
olawandswor
ntoi
nqui
rei
ntoanddecl
areav
erdi
ct
onmat
ter
soff
act
.Apet
itj
uryi
sat
ri
alj
ury
,composedof6t
o12per
sons,
whi
chhear
s
ei
therci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
cases.

Jur
yAr
ray-Thewhol
ebodyofpr
ospect
ivej
uror
ssummonedt
ocour
tfr
om whi
cht
he
j
urywi
l
lbesel
ect
ed.Al
socal
l
ed
Jur
yPanel
.

Jur
yLi
st-Al
i
stcont
aini
ngt
henamesofj
uror
sempanel
l
edt
otr
yacauseorcont
aini
ng
t
henamesofal
lthej
uror
ssummonedt
oat
tendcour
t.

Jur
yPol
l
ing-Thepr
ocedur
ebywhi
cheachi
ndi
vi
dual
jur
ori
saskedt
oaf
fi
rm hi
sorher
v
erdi
cti
nopencour
tatt
heconcl
usi
onofat
ri
al.

Jur
yTr
ial
-At
ri
ali
nwhi
cht
hej
uryj
udgest
hef
act
sandt
hej
udger
ulesont
hel
aw.

Just
ici
abl
e-I
ssuesandcl
aimscapabl
eofbei
ngpr
oper
lyexami
nedi
ncour
t.

Juv
eni
l
e-Aper
sonunder18y
ear
sofage.

Ret
urnt
otop

Kangar
ooCour
t-Ter
m descr
ipt
iveofasham l
egal
proceedi
ngi
nwhi
chaper
son
s
r
ight
sar
etot
all
ydi
sregar
dedandi
nwhi
cht
her
esul
tisaf
oregoneconcl
usi
onbecause
oft
hebi
asoft
hecour
torot
hert
ri
bunal
.

Knowi
ngl
yandWi
l
lful
l
y-Thi
sphr
ase,
inr
efer
encet
ovi
olat
ionofast
atut
e,means
consci
ousl
yandi
ntent
ional
l
y.

Ret
urnt
otop

LapsedGi
ft-Agi
ftmadei
nawi
l
ltoaper
sonwhohasdi
edpr
iort
othewi
l
l-maker
s
deat
h.

Lar
ceny-Obt
aini
ngpr
oper
tybyf
raudordecei
t.
Law-Theenf
orceabl
erul
est
hatgov
erni
ndi
vi
dual
andgr
oupconducti
nasoci
ety
.The
l
awest
abl
i
shesst
andar
dsofconduct
,thepr
ocedur
esgov
erni
ngst
andar
dsofconduct
,
andt
her
emedi
esav
ail
abl
ewhent
hest
andar
dsar
enotadher
edt
o.

LawCl
erks-Per
sonst
rai
nedi
nthel
awwhoassi
stj
udgesi
nresear
chi
ngl
egal
opi
nions.

Leadi
ngQuest
ion-Aquest
iont
hatsuggest
stheanswerdesi
redoft
hewi
tness.Apar
ty
gener
all
ymaynotaskone
sownwi
tnessl
eadi
ngquest
ions.Leadi
ngquest
ionsmaybe
askedonl
yofadv
ersewi
tnessesandoncr
oss-
exami
nat
ion.

Legal
Aid-Pr
ofessi
onal
legal
ser
vicesav
ail
abl
eusual
l
ytoper
sonsoror
gani
zat
ions
unabl
etoaf
for
dsuchser
vices.

Leni
ency-Recommendat
ionf
orasent
encel
esst
hant
hemaxi
mum al
l
owed.

LesserI
ncl
udedOf
fense-Anyl
esserof
fensei
ncl
udedwi
thi
nthest
atut
edef
ini
ngt
he
or
igi
nal
char
ge,
suchasal
owergr
adeofanof
fense.Anof
fensecomposedofsome,
butnotal
loft
heel
ement
sofagr
eat
erof
fenseandwhi
chdoesnothav
eanyaddi
ti
onal
el
ement
snoti
ncl
udedi
nthegr
eat
erof
fense,
sot
hati
tisi
mpossi
blet
ocommi
tthe
gr
eat
erof
fensewi
thoutal
socommi
tt
ingt
hel
esser
.

Let
ter
sofAdmi
nist
rat
ion-Legal
documenti
ssuedbyacour
tthatshowsan
admi
nist
rat
or
slegal
rightt
otakecont
rol
ofasset
sint
hedeceasedper
son
sname.
Usedwhent
hedeceaseddi
edwi
thoutawi
l
l.

Let
ter
sTest
ament
ary-Legal
documenti
ssuedbyacour
tthatshowsanexecut
or
slegal
r
ightt
otakecont
rol
ofasset
sint
hedeceasedper
son
sname.Usedwhent
hedeceased
l
eftawi
l
l.

Li
abl
e-Legal
l
yresponsi
ble.

Li
bel
-Publ
i
shedwor
dsorpi
ctur
est
hatf
alsel
yandmal
i
ciousl
ydef
ameaper
son.Li
bel
is
publ
i
sheddef
amat
ion;
slanderi
sspoken.

Li
en-Al
egal
clai
m agai
nstanot
herper
son
spr
oper
tyassecur
it
yforadebt
.Al
i
endoes
notconv
eyowner
shi
poft
hepr
oper
ty,
butgi
vest
hel
i
en-
hol
derar
ightt
ohav
ehi
sorher
debtsat
isf
iedoutoft
hepr
oceedsoft
hepr
oper
tyi
fthedebti
snotot
her
wisepai
d.

Li
mit
edJur
isdi
cti
onCour
tswi
thl
i
mit
edj
uri
sdi
cti
onmayhearonl
ycer
tai
nki
ndsof
casesandar
epr
ecl
udedf
rom hear
ingany
thi
ngel
se.Forexampl
e,smal
lcl
aimscour
t
mayonl
ydeci
decasesi
nwhi
cht
heamounti
ncont
rov
ersyi
sbel
owasetf
igur
e.

Li
sPendens-Apendi
ngsui
t.Jur
isdi
cti
on,
power
,orcont
rol
thatcour
tsacqui
reov
er
pr
oper
tyi
nasui
tpendi
ngact
ionandunt
ilf
inal
judgment
.

Li
ti
gant-Apar
tyt
oal
awsui
t.Li
ti
gat
ionr
efer
stoacase,
cont
rov
ersy
,orl
awsui
t.

Li
vi
ngTr
ust-At
rustsetupandi
nef
fectdur
ingt
hel
i
fet
imeoft
hegr
ant
or.Al
socal
l
ed
i
nterv
ivost
rust
.

Ret
urnt
otop

Magi
str
ateAj
udgewhoseci
vi
landcr
imi
nal
jur
isdi
cti
oni
sli
mit
edbyl
aw.I
nfeder
al
cour
t,aj
udi
ci
alof
fi
cerwhoi
sassi
gnednumer
oust
ri
alandpr
etr
ial
responsi
bil
i
ties.

Mal
feasance-Ev
ildoi
ng,
il
lconduct
;thecommi
ssi
onofsomeactwhi
chi
sposi
ti
vel
y
pr
ohi
bit
edbyl
aw.

Mal
i
ciousAbuseofPr
ocessTor
tinv
olv
ingal
i
tigant
smal
i
ciousmi
suseoft
hepower
oft
hej
udi
ciar
y.Theel
ement
soft
hist
ortar
e:(
1)i
nit
iat
ionofj
udi
cial
proceedi
ngs
agai
nstt
hepl
aint
if
fbyt
hedef
endant
;(2)anactbyt
hedef
endanti
ntheuseofpr
ocess
t
hatwoul
dnotbepr
operi
nther
egul
arpr
osecut
ionoft
hecl
aim;
(3)apr
imar
ymot
iveby
t
hedef
endanti
nmi
susi
ngt
hepr
ocesst
oachi
eveani
l
legi
ti
mat
eend;
and(
4)damages.

Mal
i
ciousPr
osecut
ionI
nNewMexi
co,
thet
ortof
Mal
i
ciousPr
osecut
ionnol
onger
exi
sts.I
thasbeencombi
nedwi
th
AbuseofPr
ocesst
ofor
m anewt
ort
,Mal
i
cious
AbuseofPr
ocess.

SeeMal
i
ciousAbuseofPr
ocess.

Mandamus-Awr
iti
ssuedbyacour
tor
der
ingapubl
i
cof
fi
cial
toper
for
m anactt
hat
s/
hei
srequi
redt
odobyl
awundert
heexi
sti
ngst
ateoff
act
s.

Mandat
e-Theof
fi
ci
aldecr
eebyacour
tofappeal
.

Mansl
aught
er-Theunl
awf
ulki
l
li
ngofanot
herwi
thouti
ntentt
oki
l
l;ei
therv
olunt
ary
(
uponasuddeni
mpul
se)
;ori
nvol
unt
ary(
dur
ingt
hecommi
ssi
onofanunl
awf
ulactnot
or
dinar
il
yexpect
edt
oresul
tingr
eatbodi
l
yhar
m.)

Medi
ati
on-Af
orm ofal
ter
nat
ivedi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
nwhi
cht
hepar
ti
esbr
ingt
hei
r
di
sput
etoaneut
ral
thi
rdpar
ty,
whohel
pst
hem r
eachar
esol
uti
on.

Memor
ial
i
zed-I
nwr
it
ing.

MensRea-The
gui
l
tymi
ndnecessar
ytoest
abl
i
shcr
imi
nal
responsi
bil
i
ty.

Mer
chantAper
sonwhor
egul
arl
ydeal
singoodsoft
heki
ndbei
ngsol
dorwho
ot
her
wisehol
dshi
msel
foutashav
ingaspeci
alknowl
edgeoft
hegoodssol
d.For
exampl
e,Bobownsacl
ockshopandsel
l
scl
ocks,
sohewoul
dbeconsi
der
eda
mer
chantofcl
ocks.Howev
er,
ifBobsol
dhi
scart
osomeone,
hewoul
dnotbe
consi
der
edamer
chantofcar
s.

Mer
gerCl
auseMer
gercl
ausesst
atet
hatt
hewr
it
tendocumentcont
ainst
heent
ir
e
under
standi
ngoft
hepar
ti
es.Thepur
poseofmer
gercl
ausesi
stoensur
ethatev
idence
out
sidet
hewr
it
tendocumentwi
l
lnotbeadmi
ssi
blei
ncour
ttocont
radi
ctor
suppl
ementt
heexpr
esst
ermsoft
hewr
it
tenagr
eement
.

Mer
it
s-Thesubst
ant
ivecl
aimsanddef
ensesr
aisedbyt
hepar
ti
est
oanact
ion.

Mi
norAper
sonunder18y
ear
sofagedependi
ngont
heCount
ry'
slaw.

Mi
randaWar
ningPr
iort
oanycust
odi
ali
nter
rogat
ion(
thati
s,quest
ioni
ngbypol
i
ce
af
teraper
sonhasbeendepr
ivedofhi
sorherf
reedom i
nasi
gni
fi
cantway
),aper
son
mustbeadv
isedt
hat
:(1)hehasar
ightt
oremai
nsi
l
ent
;(2)anyst
atementhedoes
makemaybeusedi
nev
idenceagai
nsthi
m;(
3)hehast
her
ightt
othepr
esenceofan
at
tor
ney
;and(
4)i
fcannotaf
for
danat
tor
ney
,onewi
l
lbeappoi
ntedf
orhi
m pr
iort
oany
quest
ioni
ng,
ifhesodesi
res.

Mi
sdemeanor-Anof
fensepuni
shabl
ebynotmor
ethanoney
eari
ncount
yjai
land/
or
$1,
000f
ine.

Mi
str
ial
-Ani
nval
i
dtr
ial
,causedbyf
undament
aler
rorori
nabi
l
ityofaj
uryt
oreacha
v
erdi
ct.Whenami
str
ial
isdecl
ared,
thet
ri
almustst
artagai
nfr
om t
hesel
ect
ionoft
he
j
ury
.

Mi
ti
gat
ingCi
rcumst
ances-Thosef
act
swhi
chdonotconst
it
uteaj
ust
if
icat
ionorexcuse
f
oranof
fensebutwhi
chmaybeconsi
der
edasr
easonsf
orr
educi
ngt
hedegr
eeof
bl
ame.

Mi
ti
gat
ionReduct
ionofpenal
tyorpuni
shment
.

Moot-Amootcaseoramootpoi
nti
sonenotsubj
ectt
oaj
udi
cial
det
ermi
nat
ion
becausei
tinv
olv
esanabst
ractquest
ion,
becauset
her
eisnoact
ual
cont
rov
ersy
,or
becauset
hei
ssuesnol
ongerexi
st.Moot
nessusual
l
yref
erst
oacour
t
sref
usal
to
consi
deracasebecauset
hei
ssuei
nvol
vedhasbeenr
esol
vedpr
iort
othecour
t
s
deci
si
on,
leav
ingnot
hingt
hatwoul
dbeaf
fect
edbyt
hecour
t
sdeci
sion.

Mot
ion-Or
alorwr
it
tenr
equestmadebyapar
tyt
oanact
ionbef
ore,
dur
ing,
oraf
tera
t
ri
al,
uponwhi
chacour
tissuesar
uli
ngoror
der
.

Mot
ioni
nLi
mine-Amot
ionmadeout
sidet
hepr
esenceofaj
uryr
equest
ingt
hatt
he
cour
tnotal
l
owcer
tai
nev
idencet
hatmi
ghtpr
ejudi
cet
hej
ury
.Usual
l
yhear
dbef
oret
ri
al
begi
ns.

Mot
iont
oExpungeAmot
iont
odel
etemat
eri
alf
rom of
fi
cial
cour
trecor
ds,
suchasa
r
ecor
dofj
uveni
l
econv
ict
ion.
Mot
iont
oMi
ti
gat
eSent
ence-Amot
iont
oreducet
hesent
ence.

Mot
iont
oSeal
-Amot
iont
ocl
oser
ecor
dst
opubl
i
cinspect
ion.

Mot
iont
oSuppr
ess-Amot
iont
opr
eventadmi
ssi
onofev
idencei
nacase.

Mur
der-Theunl
awf
ulki
l
li
ngofahumanbei
ngwi
thdel
i
ber
atei
ntentt
oki
l
l.Mur
deri
n
t
hef
ir
stdegr
eei
schar
act
eri
zedbypr
emedi
tat
ion;
mur
deri
ntheseconddegr
eei
s
char
act
eri
zedbyasuddenandi
nst
ant
aneousi
ntentt
oki
l
lort
ocausei
njur
ywi
thout
car
ingwhet
hert
hei
njur
yki
l
lsornot
.

Mut
ual
i
tyAmeet
ingoft
hemi
ndsofcont
ract
ingpar
ti
esr
egar
dingt
hemat
eri
alt
erms
oft
heagr
eement
.

Ret
urnt
otop

Necessar
il
yIncl
udedOf
fense-Wher
eanof
fensecannotbecommi
tt
edwi
thout
necessar
il
ycommi
tt
inganot
herof
fense,
thel
att
eri
sanecessar
il
yincl
udedof
fense;
somet
imesr
efer
redt
oasl
esseri
ncl
udedof
fense.

Negl
i
gence-Fai
l
uret
oexer
ciset
hedegr
eeofcar
ethatar
easonabl
eper
sonwoul
d
exer
ciseundert
hesameci
rcumst
ances.

NextFr
iend-Oneact
ingwi
thoutf
ormal
appoi
ntmentasguar
dianf
ort
hebenef
itofan
i
nfant
,aper
sonofunsoundmi
ndnotj
udi
cial
l
ydecl
aredi
ncompet
ent
,orot
herper
son
undersomedi
sabi
l
ity
.

No-
Cont
estCl
ause-Languagei
nawi
l
lpr
ovi
dingt
hataper
sonwhomakesal
egal
chal
l
enget
othewi
l
l
sval
i
dit
ywi
l
lbedi
sinher
it
ed.

NoCont
estPl
eaSeeNol
oCont
ender
e.

No-
Faul
tPr
oceedi
ngs-Aci
vi
lcasei
nwhi
chpar
ti
esmayr
esol
vet
hei
rdi
sput
ewi
thouta
f
ormal
findi
ngofer
rororf
aul
t.
Nol
l
ePr
osequi
Thepr
osecut
ordecl
i
nest
opr
osecut
e,butmayst
il
li
nit
iat
epr
osecut
ion
wi
thi
nthet
imeal
l
owedbyl
aw.

Nol
oCont
ender
e-Nocont
est
.Apl
eat
hroughwhi
cht
hedef
endantdoesnotadmi
tgui
l
t,
butwhi
chhast
hesamel
egal
eff
ectasapl
eaofgui
l
tyi
nacr
imi
nal
case.Howev
er,
the
nocont
estpl
eamaynotbeusedi
naci
vi
lact
ionr
elat
edt
othecr
imi
nal
char
get
opr
ove
t
hedef
endant
sci
vi
ll
iabi
l
ity
.Forexampl
e,apl
eaofnol
ocont
ender
eforat
raf
fi
cci
tat
ion
t
hatr
esul
tedf
rom anacci
dentcannotbeusedt
oconv
inceaj
udgei
naci
vi
lcaset
hat
t
hedef
endanti
sgui
l
tyofcausi
nganacci
dent
.

Non-
jur
ytr
ial
-Acaset
ri
edbyaj
udgeont
hef
act
saswel
last
hel
aw.

NoPr
obabl
eCause-I
nsuf
fi
cientgr
oundst
ohol
dtheper
sonwhowasar
rest
ed.

Not
ice-For
mal
not
if
icat
iont
othepar
tyt
hathasbeensuedt
hataci
vi
ll
awsui
thasbeen
f
il
ed.Al
so,
anyf
orm ofnot
if
icat
ionofal
egal
proceedi
ngorf
il
ingofadocument
.

Not
iceofLi
sPendens-Anot
icef
il
edonpubl
i
crecor
dst
owar
nal
lper
sonst
hatt
het
it
le
t
ocer
tai
npr
oper
tyi
sinl
i
tigat
ion,
andt
hati
ftheypur
chaseorl
easet
hatpr
oper
tyt
hey
ar
eindangerofbei
ngboundbyanadv
ersej
udgment
.Thenot
icei
sfort
hepur
poseof
pr
eser
vingr
ight
spendi
ngl
i
tigat
ion.

Nui
sanceAnunr
easonabl
e,unwar
rant
ed,
orunl
awf
uluseofone
spr
oper
tyt
hat
annoy
s,di
stur
bs,
ori
nconv
eni
encesanot
heri
ntheuseofhi
sorherpr
oper
ty.Vi
olat
ion
ofanor
dinancet
hatf
orbi
dsannoy
anceoft
hepubl
i
cingener
al.

NuncPr
oTunc-Anent
rymadenowf
oranactdonepr
evi
ousl
yandt
ohav
etheef
fectas
i
fitwer
edoneonapr
iordat
e.

Nuncupat
iveWi
l
l-Anor
al(
unwr
it
ten)wi
l
l.

Ret
urnt
otop

O
Oat
hs-Swor
nat
test
ati
onsr
equi
redi
ncour
t,usual
l
yadmi
nist
eredbyt
hei
n-cour
tcl
erk.

Obj
ect
ion-Thepr
ocessbywhi
chonepar
tyt
ri
est
opr
eventt
hei
ntr
oduct
ionofev
idence
ort
heuseofapr
ocedur
eatahear
ing.Anobj
ect
ioni
sei
thersust
ained(
all
owed)or
ov
err
uledbyt
hej
udge.

Of
fense-Av
iol
ati
onofamuni
cipal
ordi
nanceorst
atest
atut
e.

Of
ferAnexpr
essi
onofwi
l
li
ngnesst
oent
eri
ntoabar
gai
nthati
sdef
ini
teandcer
tai
nin
i
tst
ermsandt
hati
scommuni
cat
edt
otheof
fer
ee.Onceaccept
ed,
theof
feri
s
t
ransf
ormedi
ntoacont
ract
ual
obl
i
gat
ion.

Of
fer
eeTheper
sont
owhom anof
feri
smade.

Of
fer
orTheper
sonwhomakesanof
fer
.

Openi
ngSt
atement-Thei
nit
ial
stat
ementmadebyat
tor
ney
sforeachsi
de,
out
li
ningt
he
f
act
seachi
ntendst
oest
abl
i
shdur
ingt
het
ri
al.

Opi
nion-Aj
udge
swr
it
tenexpl
anat
ionofadeci
sionoft
hecour
torofamaj
ori
tyof
j
udges.Adi
ssent
ingopi
niondi
sagr
eeswi
tht
hemaj
ori
tyopi
nionbecauseoft
he
r
easoni
ngand/
ort
hepr
inci
plesofl
awonwhi
cht
hedeci
sioni
sbased.Aconcur
ri
ng
opi
nionagr
eeswi
tht
hedeci
sionoft
hecour
tbutof
fer
sfur
thercommentordi
ff
erent
r
easoni
ng.Apercur
iam opi
nioni
sanunsi
gnedopi
nion
oft
hecour
t.

Or
alAr
gument-Anoppor
tuni
tyf
orl
awy
erst
osummar
izet
hei
rposi
ti
onsbef
oret
he
cour
tandal
sot
oanswert
hej
udges
quest
ions.

Or
der-Awr
it
tenoror
alcommandf
rom acour
tdi
rect
ingorf
orbi
ddi
nganact
ion.

Or
dinanceAl
awadopt
edbyt
hegov
erni
ngbodyofamuni
cipal
i
tyorcount
y.

Ov
err
ule-Aj
udge
sdeci
sionnott
oal
l
owanobj
ect
ion.Al
so,
adeci
sionbyahi
ghercour
t
f
indi
ngt
hatal
owercour
tdeci
sionwasi
ner
ror
.

Ret
urnt
otop
P

Par
ensPat
ri
ae-Thedoct
ri
neunderwhi
cht
hecour
tpr
otect
sthei
nter
est
sofaj
uveni
l
e.

Par
olEv
idenceOr
alev
idence.

Par
olEv
idenceRul
eWhenawr
it
tenagr
eementi
sint
endedt
obeacompl
eteandf
inal
document
,thent
het
ermsoft
heagr
eementcannotbeal
ter
edbyev
idenceofor
al(
par
ol)
agr
eement
sthatpur
por
ttochange,
expl
ain,
orcont
radi
ctt
hewr
it
tenagr
eement
.

Par
ole-Thesuper
visedcondi
ti
onal
rel
easeofapr
isonerbef
oret
heexpi
rat
ionofhi
s/her
sent
ence.I
fthepar
oleeobser
vest
hecondi
ti
ons,
he/
sheneednotser
vet
her
estof
hi
s/hert
erm.

Par
ty-Aper
son,
busi
ness,
organi
zat
ionorgov
ernmentagencyi
nvol
vedi
nthe
pr
osecut
ionordef
enseofal
egal
proceedi
ng.

Pat
ent-Agov
ernmentgr
antgi
vi
ngani
nvent
ort
heexcl
usi
ver
ightt
omakeorsel
l
hi
s/heri
nvent
ionf
orat
erm ofy
ear
s.

Penal
tyAssessment-Pr
ocedur
einwhi
cht
raf
fi
cof
fenderi
sal
l
owedt
omai
li
naf
ine
(
pleadgui
l
tybymai
l
).Poi
ntsmaybeassessedagai
nstt
heper
son'
sdr
ivi
ngr
ecor
dfor
penal
tyassessmentof
fenses.

Per
empt
oryChal
l
enge-Ther
ightt
ochal
l
engeaj
udgeorpr
ospect
ivej
urorwi
thout
assi
gni
ngar
easonf
ort
hechal
l
enge.

Per
jur
y-Thecr
imi
nal
off
enseofmaki
ngaf
alsest
atementunderoat
h.

Per
manentI
njunct
ion-Acour
tor
derr
equi
ri
ngt
hatsomeact
ionbet
akenort
hatsome
par
tyr
efr
ainf
rom t
aki
ngact
ionf
orani
ndef
ini
teper
iod.

Per
sonal
Jur
isdi
cti
on-Powerwhi
chacour
thasov
ert
hedef
endant
'sper
sonandwhi
ch
acour
tmusthav
ebef
orei
tcanent
eraj
udgmentaf
fect
ingt
hedef
endant
'sr
ight
s.

PerSeLaw-I
ntheMot
orVehi
cleCode,
thepersecr
imei
sdr
ivi
ngwi
thabl
oodal
cohol
l
evel
of.
08orgr
eat
er,
asest
abl
i
shedt
hroughav
ali
dtest
ingpr
ocedur
e.Nopr
oofi
s
r
equi
redt
oshowt
hatt
hedef
endantwasundert
hei
nfl
uencesi
ncet
hel
awconcl
udes
t
hatdr
ivi
ngwi
thabl
oodal
cohol
cont
ent(
BAC)of.
08orgr
eat
eri
sdr
ivi
ngwhi
l
e
i
ntoxi
cat
ed.(
DWIcanbepr
ovedbyot
herev
idenceev
eni
fadef
endant
sBACi
sless
t
han.
08.
)

Per
sonal
Proper
ty-Tangi
blephy
sical
proper
ty(
suchascar
s,cl
othi
ng,
fur
nit
ureand
j
ewel
ry)andi
ntangi
bleper
sonal
proper
ty(
suchasbankaccount
s).Thi
sdoesnot
i
ncl
uder
eal
proper
tysuchasl
andorr
ight
sinl
and.

Per
sonal
Recogni
zance-I
ncr
imi
nal
proceedi
ngs,
thepr
etr
ial
rel
easeofadef
endant
wi
thoutbai
luponhi
s/herpr
omi
set
oret
urnt
ocour
t.Seeal
soRel
easeonOwn
Recogni
zance.

Per
sonal
Repr
esent
ati
ve-Theper
sont
hatadmi
nist
ersanest
ate.I
fnamedi
nawi
l
l,t
hat
per
son
sti
tl
eisanexecut
or.I
fther
eisnov
ali
dwi
l
l,t
hatper
son
sti
tl
eisanadmi
nist
rat
or.

Pet
it
ioner-Theper
sonf
il
inganact
ioni
nacour
tofor
igi
nal
jur
isdi
cti
on.Al
so,
theper
son
whoappeal
sthej
udgmentofal
owercour
t.Theopposi
ngpar
tyi
scal
l
edt
her
espondent
.

Pet
tyMi
sdemeanorAcr
imet
hatal
l
owsl
esst
hansi
xmont
hsofj
ail
timeupon
conv
ict
ion.

Pl
aint
if
f-Theper
son/
busi
ness/
organi
zat
ion/
agencyt
hatf
il
est
hecompl
ainti
naci
vi
l
l
awsui
t.Al
socal
l
edt
hecompl
ainant
.

Pl
ainVi
ewDoct
ri
ne-Thedoct
ri
net
hatper
mit
sal
awenf
orcementof
fi
cert
olawf
ull
y
sei
zei
ncr
imi
nat
ingev
idencenotspeci
fi
cal
l
ysoughtbutr
eadi
l
yvi
sibl
eint
hecour
seofa
v
ali
dsear
ch.

Pl
ea-(
1)Def
endant
sanswert
othechar
ge-gui
l
ty,
notgui
l
ty,
nol
ocont
ender
eorAl
for
d
pl
ea.

(
2)I
nacr
imi
nal
proceedi
ng,
thedef
endant
sdecl
arat
ioni
nopencour
tthatheorshei
s
gui
l
tyornotgui
l
ty.Thedef
endant
sanswert
othechar
gesmadei
nthei
ndi
ctmentor
i
nfor
mat
ion.

Pl
eaAgr
eement-Anagr
eementbet
weent
hepr
osecut
orandt
hedef
endant
,pr
esent
ed
f
ort
hecour
t'
sappr
oval
,regar
dingt
hesent
encet
hedef
endantshoul
dser
veuponapl
ea
ofgui
l
ty,
anAl
for
dpl
ea,
oranocont
estpl
ea.Ty
pical
l
y,t
hedef
endantpl
eadsgui
l
tyi
n
exchangef
orsomef
orm ofl
eni
ency
.Forexampl
e,t
hedef
endantmaypl
eadt
olesser
char
gessot
hatt
hepenal
ti
esar
edi
mini
shed.Or
,thedef
endantmaypl
eadt
osome,
but
notal
loft
hechar
gessot
hatot
her
sar
edr
opped.Theagr
eementmayi
ncl
ude
sent
enci
ngr
ecommendat
ions.Suchbar
gai
nsar
enotbi
ndi
ngont
hecour
t.

Pl
eaBar
gai
ningorPl
eaNegot
iat
ing-Thepr
ocesst
hroughwhi
chanaccusedper
son
andapr
osecut
ornegot
iat
eamut
ual
l
ysat
isf
act
orydi
sposi
ti
onofacase.TheCour
tis
notpr
ivyt
otheact
ual
negot
iat
ions,
buti
spr
esent
edwi
thapl
eaagr
eementf
ori
ts
appr
oval
orr
eject
ion.

Pl
eadi
ngs-Thewr
it
tenst
atement
soff
actandl
awf
il
edbyt
hepar
ti
est
oal
awsui
t.

Poi
ntsorPoi
ntI
nfor
mat
ion-Penal
typoi
ntsi
mposedbyt
heMot
orVehi
clesDi
vi
sion
af
terconv
ict
ionofat
raf
fi
cof
fense.

Pol
l
ingt
heJur
y-Theact
,af
teraj
uryv
erdi
cthasbeenannounced,
ofaski
ngj
uror
s
i
ndi
vi
dual
l
ywhet
hert
heyagr
eewi
tht
hev
erdi
ct.

Pour
-Ov
erWi
l
l-Awi
l
lthatl
eav
essomeoral
lest
ateasset
stoat
rustest
abl
i
shedbef
ore
t
hewi
l
l-maker
sdeat
h.

Pr
ejudi
ce-Unf
airhar
mtoonepar
ty.

PowerofAt
tor
neyFor
mal
aut
hor
izat
ionofaper
sont
oacti
nthei
nter
est
sofanot
her
whoi
sincapabl
eofmanagi
nghi
sorherownaf
fai
rsorpr
oper
ty.

Pr
eli
minar
yHear
ingSee
Ini
ti
alAppear
ance.

Pr
eli
minar
yInj
unct
ion-Cour
tor
derr
equi
ri
ngact
ionorf
orbi
ddi
ngact
ionunt
iladeci
sion
canbemadewhet
hert
oissueaper
manenti
njunct
ion.I
tdi
ff
ersf
rom at
empor
ary
r
est
rai
ningor
der
.

Pr
e-Sent
enceI
nvest
igat
ion-Abackgr
oundi
nvest
igat
ionoft
hedef
endantbyt
he
Depar
tmentofCor
rect
ions,
ret
urnabl
etot
hesent
enci
ngj
udgeonorbef
oreacer
tai
n
dat
e.

Pr
e-Sent
enceRepor
t-Ar
epor
tdesi
gnedt
oassi
stt
hej
udgei
npassi
ngsent
enceona
conv
ict
eddef
endant
.Suchr
epor
tsshoul
dcont
ainatl
eastt
hef
oll
owi
ng:
(1)compl
ete
descr
ipt
ionoft
hesi
tuat
ionsur
roundi
ngt
hecr
imi
nal
act
ivi
ty;
(2)of
fender
'seducat
ional
backgr
ound;
(3)of
fender
'sempl
oymentbackgr
ound;
(4)of
fender
'ssoci
alhi
stor
y;(
5)
r
esi
dencehi
stor
yoft
heof
fender
;(6)of
fender
'smedi
cal
hist
ory
;(7)i
nfor
mat
ionabout
env
ironmentt
owhi
cht
heof
fenderwi
l
lret
urn;
(8)i
nfor
mat
ionaboutanyr
esour
ces
av
ail
abl
etoassi
stt
heof
fender
;(9)pr
obat
ionof
fi
cer
'sv
iewoft
heof
fender
's
mot
ivat
ionsandambi
ti
ons;
(10)f
ull
descr
ipt
ionoft
heof
fender
'scr
imi
nal
recor
d;and
(
11)r
ecommendat
ionast
odi
sposi
ti
on.

Pr
eter
mit
tedChi
l
d-Achi
l
dbor
naf
terawi
l
lisexecut
ed,
whoi
snotpr
ovi
dedf
orbyt
he
wi
l
l.NewMexi
col
awpr
ovi
desf
orashar
eofest
atepr
oper
tyt
ogot
osuchchi
l
dren.

Pr
etr
ial
Conf
erence-Ameet
ingbet
weent
hej
udgeandt
hel
awy
ersi
nvol
vedi
nal
awsui
t
t
onar
rowt
hei
ssuesi
nthesui
t,agr
eeonwhatwi
l
lbepr
esent
edatt
het
ri
al,
andexpl
ore
t
hepossi
bil
i
tyofset
tl
ingt
hecasewi
thoutat
ri
al.

Pr
etr
ial
Int
erv
ent
ion-Pr
ogr
amst
oai
dcer
tai
nqual
i
fyi
ngcr
imi
nal
def
endant
sbydi
ver
ti
ng
t
hem f
rom pr
osecut
ionandenr
oll
i
ngt
hem i
nrehabi
l
itat
ivepr
ogr
ams.Uponsuccessf
ul
compl
eti
onoft
her
equi
redpr
ogr
am(
s),
thecr
imi
nal
casei
sdi
smi
ssed.Pr
etr
ial
i
nter
vent
ioni
smostof
tenusedi
nsubst
anceabuseanddomest
icv
iol
encewher
ethe
cr
imechar
gedi
sthedef
endant
sf
ir
stof
fense.

Pr
etr
ial
Rel
ease-Rel
easebysher
if
f
sper
sonnel
aft
erar
restandbef
oreanycour
t
appear
ance,
butwi
thacour
tappear
ancedat
e.
Pr
ecedent-Apr
evi
ousl
ydeci
dedcaset
hatgui
dest
hedeci
sionoff
utur
ecases;
sour
ce
ofcommonl
aw.

Pr
eponder
anceoft
heev
idence-Ev
idencet
hati
sofgr
eat
erwei
ghtormor
econv
inci
ng
t
hant
heev
idencet
hati
sof
fer
edi
nopposi
ti
ont
oit
.Theamountofev
idencet
hatmust
bepr
esent
edt
opr
evai
li
nmostci
vi
lact
ions.

Pr
esent
ment-Decl
arat
ionordocumenti
ssuedbyagr
andj
uryt
hatei
thermakesa
neut
ral
repor
tornot
esmi
sdeedsbyof
fi
cial
schar
gedwi
thspeci
fi
edpubl
i
cdut
ies.I
t
or
dinar
il
ydoesnoti
ncl
udef
ormal
cri
minal
char
ges.

Pr
imaFaci
ePr
esumabl
y.Af
actpr
esumedt
obet
rueunl
essdi
spr
ovedbysome
ev
idencet
othecont
rar
y.Ev
idencet
hatwi
l
lpr
evai
lunt
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radi
ctedandov
ercomeby
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herev
idence.Apr
imaf
aci
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nwhi
cht
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aint
if
fhaspr
esent
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cient
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idencet
orequi
ret
hedef
endantt
ogof
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dwi
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sorhercase.I
not
herwor
ds,
the
pl
aint
if
fwi
l
lpr
evai
li
fthedef
endantdoesnotr
ebutt
hepl
aint
if
f
scase.

Pr
inci
pal
-Theper
sonpr
imar
il
yli
abl
e;t
heper
sonf
orwhom per
for
manceofan
obl
i
gat
ionasur
etyhasbecomebound.

Pr
ivi
l
ege-Ar
ight
,power
,ori
mmuni
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sonorcl
assbey
ondt
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l
aw,
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ivi
l
egeagai
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f-
incr
imi
nat
ionundert
heFi
ft
hAmendment
.

Pr
obabl
eCauseTheev
idencer
equi
redbef
oreaper
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tymaybesear
ched
orsei
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orcementandbef
oreasear
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ssued.

Pr
obabl
eCauset
oAr
restexi
stswhent
hef
act
sandci
rcumst
anceswi
thi
ntheof
fi
cer
s
knowl
edgeandofwhi
cht
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cer
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easonabl
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ust
wor
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nfor
mat
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e
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cientt
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rantaper
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easonabl
ecaut
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obel
i
evet
hatt
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commi
tt
edori
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tt
ingacr
ime.

Pr
obabl
eCauset
osear
chexi
stswhent
hef
act
sandci
rcumst
anceswi
thi
ntheof
fi
cer
s
knowl
edgeandofwhi
cht
heof
fi
cer
shadr
easonabl
ytr
ust
wor
thyi
nfor
mat
ionar
e
suf
fi
cientt
owar
rantaper
sonofr
easonabl
ecaut
iont
obel
i
evet
hatev
idenceofacr
ime
wi
l
lbef
oundi
nthel
ocat
ioni
dent
if
ied.

Pr
obat
e-Thecour
t-
super
visedpr
ocessbywhi
chawi
l
lisdet
ermi
nedt
obet
hewi
l
l-
maker
sf
inal
stat
ementr
egar
dinghowt
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l
lmakerwant
shi
s/herpr
oper
tydi
str
ibut
ed.
I
tal
soconf
ir
mst
heappoi
ntmentoft
heper
sonal
repr
esent
ati
veoft
heest
ate.Pr
obat
e
al
someanst
hepr
ocessbywhi
chasset
sar
egat
her
ed;
appl
i
edt
opaydebt
s,t
axes,
and
t
heexpensesofadmi
nist
rat
ion;
anddi
str
ibut
edt
othosedesi
gnat
edasbenef
ici
ari
esi
n
t
hewi
l
l.

I
nChapt
er12ofourPr
obat
eJudgesManual
ist
he

Pr
obat
eGl
ossar
ythati
ncl
udesl
egal
ter
msspeci
fi
ctopr
obat
ecour
tinNewMexi
co.

Pr
obat
eCour
t-Thecour
twi
thj
uri
sdi
cti
ont
osuper
viseest
ateadmi
nist
rat
ion.

Pr
obat
eEst
ate-Est
atepr
oper
tyt
hatmaybedi
sposedofbyawi
l
l.

Pr
obat
ion-Apr
ocedur
eunderwhi
chadef
endantconv
ict
edofacr
imei
srel
easedbyt
he
cour
twi
thouti
mpr
isonmentunderasuspendedordef
err
edsent
enceandsubj
ectt
o
condi
ti
ons.

Pr
obat
iveVal
ue-Ev
idencehas"
probat
ivev
alue"i
fitt
endst
opr
oveani
ssue.I
tis
ev
idencet
hatf
urni
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est
abl
i
shes,
orcont
ri
but
est
owar
dpr
oof
.

Pr
oBonoPubl
i
co-Fort
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i
cgood.Lawy
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epr
esent
ingcl
i
ent
swi
thoutaf
eear
e
sai
dtobewor
kingpr
obonopubl
i
co.

Pr
omi
ssor
yEst
oppel
Equi
tabl
edoct
ri
neal
l
owi
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orceapr
omi
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en
t
houghav
ali
dcont
ractwasnotf
ormedwhenaper
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edi
nrel
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anceon
t
hatpr
omi
se.Pr
omi
ssor
yEst
oppel
all
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etheper
sonf
ort
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r
expendi
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esand/
ort
oav
oidt
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ustenr
ichmentoft
heot
herpar
ty.

Pr
oper
tyBond-Asi
gnat
urebondsecur
edbymor
tgageorr
eal
proper
ty.

Pr
oSe-I
none
sownbehal
f,commonl
yusedt
oref
ert
oapar
tyr
epr
esent
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msel
for
her
sel
finacour
tact
ion,
inst
eadofbei
ngr
epr
esent
edbyanat
tor
ney
.

Pr
osecut
or-At
ri
all
awy
err
epr
esent
ingt
hegov
ernmenti
nacr
imi
nal
caseandt
he
i
nter
est
soft
hest
atei
nci
vi
lmat
ter
s.I
ncr
imi
nal
cases,
thepr
osecut
orhast
he
r
esponsi
bil
i
tyofdeci
dingwhoandwhent
opr
osecut
e.

Pr
oxi
mat
eCause-Theactt
hatcausedanev
entt
ooccur
.Aper
songener
all
yisl
i
abl
e
onl
yifani
njur
ywaspr
oxi
mat
elycausedbyhi
s/heract
ionorbyhi
s/herf
ail
uret
oact
whenhe/
shehadadut
ytoact
.

Publ
i
cDef
ender-Acour
t-
appoi
ntedat
tor
neyf
ort
hosedef
endant
swhoar
edecl
ared
i
ndi
gent
.

Puni
ti
veDamagesDamagesawar
dedov
erandabov
ecompensat
orydamagesi
n
or
dert
opuni
sht
hedef
endantf
ormal
i
cious,
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l
ful
,reckl
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raudul
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.Puni
ti
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eimposedt
ocompensat
ethePl
aint
if
ffor
ment
alangui
sh,
shame,
degr
adat
ion,
orot
heraggr
avat
ionsbey
ondact
ual
damages.

Ret
urnt
otop

Quash-Tov
acat
eorv
oidasummons,
subpoena,
etc.

Ret
urnt
otop

Real
Proper
ty-Land,
bui
l
dings,
andot
heri
mpr
ovement
saf
fi
xedt
othel
and.

Reasonabl
eBel
i
ef-Pr
obabl
ecause.Thef
act
sandci
rcumst
anceswi
thi
nanar
rest
ing
of
fi
cer
'sknowl
edge,
andofwhi
chs/
hehadr
easonabl
ytr
ust
wor
thyi
nfor
mat
ion,
suf
fi
cienti
nthemsel
vest
ojust
if
yaper
sonofav
eragecaut
ioni
nbel
i
evi
ngt
hatacr
ime
hasbeenori
sbei
ngcommi
tt
ed.Fact
ssuf
fi
cientt
ojust
if
yawar
rant
lessar
rest
.

Reasonabl
eDoubt-Suchadoubtaswoul
dcauseacar
eful
per
sont
ohesi
tat
ebef
ore
act
ingi
nmat
ter
sofi
mpor
tancet
ohi
msel
f/
her
sel
f.

Reasonabl
ePer
son-Aphr
aseusedt
odenot
eahy
pot
het
ical
per
sonwhoexer
cisest
he
qual
i
tiesofat
tent
ion,
knowl
edge,
int
ell
i
gence,
andj
udgmentt
hatsoci
etyr
equi
resofi
ts
member
sfort
hepr
otect
ionoft
hei
rowni
nter
estandt
hei
nter
est
sofot
her
s.Thi
ster
m
i
scommonl
yusedi
ntor
ts,
wher
ethet
estofnegl
i
gencei
sbasedonei
theraf
ail
uret
odo
somet
hingt
hatar
easonabl
eper
son,
gui
dedbyconsi
der
ati
onst
hator
dinar
il
yregul
ate
conduct
,woul
ddo,
oront
hedoi
ngofsomet
hingt
hatar
easonabl
eandpr
udent(
wise)
per
sonwoul
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Reasonabl
eSuspi
ci
on-Lev
elofsuspi
cionr
equi
redt
ojust
if
ylawenf
orcement
i
nvest
igat
ion,
butnotar
restorsear
ch.Al
owerl
evel
ofsuspi
cionorev
idencet
han
pr
obabl
ecause.Anof
fi
cerhasr
easonabl
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cionwhent
heof
fi
ceri
sawar
eof
speci
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ti
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abl
efact
s,t
oget
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thr
ati
onal
inf
erencesf
rom t
hosef
act
s,whi
ch,
whenj
udgedobj
ect
ivel
y,woul
dleadar
easonabl
eper
sont
obel
i
evet
hatcr
imi
nal
act
ivi
ty
occur
redorwasoccur
ri
ng.

Rebut-Toi
ntr
oduceev
idencedi
spr
ovi
ngot
herev
idencepr
evi
ousl
ygi
venor
r
eest
abl
i
shi
ngt
hecr
edi
bil
i
tyofchal
l
engedev
idence.

Rebut
tal
-Ev
idencet
hati
sof
fer
edbyapar
tyaf
terhehasr
est
edhi
scaseandaf
tert
he
opponenthasr
est
edi
nor
dert
ocont
radi
ctandexpl
aint
heopponent
'sev
idence.

Rebut
tal
Wit
nesses-Wi
tnessesi
ntr
oducedt
oex
plai
n,r
epel
,count
eract
,ordi
spr
ove
f
act
sgi
veni
nev
idencebyt
headv
ersepar
ty.

Recal
lOr
der-Cour
tor
derr
ecal
l
ingawar
rantorcapi
as(
wri
trequi
ri
nganof
fi
cert
otakea
nameddef
endanti
ntocust
ody
).

Recor
d-Al
lthedocument
sandev
idencepl
ust
ranscr
ipt
sofor
alpr
oceedi
ngsi
nacase.

Recusal
-Thev
olunt
aryact
ionbyaj
udget
oremov
ehi
msel
forher
sel
ffr
om pr
esi
dingi
n
agi
vencasebecauseofsel
f-
int
erest
,bi
as,
conf
li
ct,
orpr
ejudi
ce.Al
so,
thepr
ocessby
whi
chaj
udgei
sdi
squal
i
fiedf
rom acasebecauseapar
tyobj
ect
s.
Redi
rectExami
nat
ion-Oppor
tuni
tyt
opr
esentr
ebut
tal
evi
denceaf
terone
sev
idence
hasbeensubj
ect
edt
ocr
oss-
exami
nat
ion.

Redr
ess-Tosetr
ight
;tor
emedy
;tocompensat
e;t
oremov
ethecausesofagr
iev
ance.

Ref
eree-Aper
sont
owhom t
hecour
tref
ersapendi
ngcaset
otaket
est
imony
,heart
he
par
ti
es,

andr
epor
tbackt
othecour
t.Ar
efer
eei
sanof
fi
cerwi
thj
udi
cial
power
swhoser
vesas
anar
m oft
hecour
t,butwhosef
inal
deci
sioni
ssubj
ectt
ocour
tappr
oval
.Al
socal
l
ed

speci
almast
er,
speci
alcommi
ssi
oner
,or
hear
ingof
fi
cer
.

Rehear
ing-Anot
herhear
ingofaci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
caseormot
ionbyt
hesamecour
tin
whi
cht
hemat
terwasor
igi
nal
l
ydeci
dedi
nor
dert
obr
ingt
othecour
t
sat
tent
ionaner
ror
,
omi
ssi
on,
orov
ersi
ghti
nthef
ir
stconsi
der
ati
on.

Rel
ease-Di
schar
gef
rom conf
inementorcust
ody
.

Rel
easeOnOwnRecogni
zance-Rel
easeofaper
sonf
rom cust
odywi
thoutt
hepay
ment
ofanybai
lorpost
ingofbond,
upont
hepr
omi
set
oret
urnt
ocour
t.

Remand-Tosendadi
sput
ebackt
othecour
twher
eitwasor
igi
nal
l
yhear
d.Usual
l
yiti
s
anappel
l
atecour
tthatr
emandsacasef
orpr
oceedi
ngsi
nthet
ri
alcour
tconsi
stentwi
th
t
heappel
l
atecour
t
srul
i
ng.

Remedy-Legal
orj
udi
cial
meansbywhi
char
ightorpr
ivi
l
egei
senf
orcedort
hev
iol
ati
on
ofar
ightorpr
ivi
l
egei
spr
event
ed,
redr
essed,
orcompensat
ed.

Remi
tt
it
ur-Ther
educt
ionbyaj
udgeoft
hedamagesawar
dedbyaj
ury
.

Remov
al-Thet
ransf
erofast
atecaset
ofeder
alcour
tfort
ri
al.

Rendi
ti
on-Tr
ansf
erofaf
ugi
ti
vef
rom t
heasy
lum st
atet
othedemandi
ngst
ate.

Repl
evi
nAl
egal
act
ionf
ort
her
ecov
eryofapossessi
ont
hathasbeenwr
ongf
ull
y
t
aken.
Repl
y-Ther
esponsebyapar
tyt
ochar
gesr
aisedi
napl
eadi
ngbyt
heot
herpar
ty.

Requestf
orPr
oduct
ion-Af
ormal
cour
tpr
ocessbywhi
chonepar
tyr
equest
sthat
anot
herpr
oducecer
tai
ndocument
sorot
hert
angi
blei
tems.

Resci
ssi
onCancel
l
ati
onofacont
ract
.

ResJudi
cat
aAt
hingormat
teral
readydeci
dedbyacour
t.Af
inal
judgmentont
he
mer
it
sisconcl
usi
veast
other
ight
soft
hepar
ti
esandi
sanabsol
utebart
oal
ater
act
ioni
nvol
vi
ngt
hesamecl
aim,
demand,
orcauseofact
ion.Resj
udi
cat
abar
s
r
eli
ti
gat
ionoft
hesamecauseofact
ionbet
weent
hesamepar
ti
eswher
ether
eisapr
ior
j
udgment
.Bycompar
ison,
col
l
ater
alest
oppel
bar
srel
i
tigat
ionofapar
ti
cul
ari
ssueor
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ermi
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ivef
act
.Compar
eCol
l
ater
alEst
oppel
.

Respondent-Theper
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nstwhom anappeal
ist
aken.SeePet
it
ioner
.

Rest-Apar
tyi
ssai
dtor
estorr
esti
tscasewheni
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esent
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ltheev
idencei
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i
ntendst
oof
fer
.

Rest
it
uti
onEi
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othev
ict
im orcommuni
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i
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imecommi
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ed.

Ret
ainer-Actoft
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i
enti
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tor
neyorcounsel
;al
sodenot
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ee
whi
cht
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entpay
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etai
nst
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tor
ney
.

Ret
urnofser
vice-Acer
ti
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cat
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fi
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heper
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vedpr
ocessupon
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tyt
oanact
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ref
lect
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eandpl
aceofser
vice.

Rev
ersal
-Anact
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ghercour
tinset
ti
ngasi
deorr
evoki
ngal
owercour
tdeci
sion.

Rev
ersi
bleEr
ror-Aner
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alorhear
ingsuf
fi
cient
lyhar
mful
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ust
if
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r
ever
singt
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udgmentofal
owercour
t.

Rev
ocabl
eTr
ust-At
rustt
hatt
hegr
ant
ormaychangeorr
evoke.

Rev
ocat
ion(
ofDr
iver
sLi
cense)Judi
cial
ter
minat
ionofadr
iver
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i
censeandpr
ivi
l
ege
t
odr
iveaf
terconv
ict
ionofDWI
.Thel
i
censeshal
lnotber
enewedorr
est
oredf
ort
he
dur
ati
onoft
her
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hatanappl
i
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oranewl
i
censemaybe
pr
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edandact
eduponbyt
hedi
vi
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heexpi
rat
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earaf
ter
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ski
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sti
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rom anadmi
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r
evocat
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inwhi
cht
heMot
orVehi
cleDi
vi
sionmayt
ermi
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eadr
iver
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i
censef
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oney
ear
.

Rev
oke-Tocancel
ornul
l
ifyal
egal
document
.

Robber
y-Fel
oni
oust
aki
ngofanot
her
spr
oper
ty,
from hi
sorherper
sonori
mmedi
ate
pr
esenceandagai
nsthi
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l
l,bymeansoff
orceorf
ear
.

Rul
esofEv
idence-St
andar
dsgov
erni
ngwhet
herev
idencei
nci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
casei
s
admi
ssi
ble.

Ret
urnt
otop

Sat
isf
act
ionofJudgmentPay
mentofal
lmoni
esdet
ermi
nedt
obeowedpur
suantt
oa
cour
tjudgment
.

Seal
-TheCl
erkofCour
tsy
mbol
ofaut
hent
ici
ty.

Sear
ch-Exami
nat
ionofaper
son'
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herbui
l
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emi
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orofhi
sper
son,
orv
ehi
cle,
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hav
iewt
odi
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eryofcont
raband,
il
li
citorst
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oper
ty,
orsome
ev
idenceofgui
l
ttobeusedi
nthepr
osecut
ionofacr
imi
nal
act
ion.

Sear
chWar
rant-Awr
it
tenor
deri
ssuedbyaj
udget
hatdi
rect
sal
awenf
orcement
of
fi
cert
osear
chaspeci
fi
car
eaf
oraspeci
fi
cpi
eceofev
idence.

Secur
edDebt-I
ncol
l
ect
ionorbankr
upt
cypr
oceedi
ngs,
adebti
ssecur
edi
fthedebt
or
gav
ethecr
edi
torar
ightt
orepossesst
hepr
oper
tyorgoodsusedascol
l
ater
al.

Sel
fDef
ense-Cl
aimt
hatanactot
her
wisecr
imi
nal
wasl
egal
l
yjust
if
iabl
ebecausei
twas
necessar
ytopr
otectaper
sonorpr
oper
tyf
rom t
het
hreatoract
ionofanot
her
.

Sel
f-
Incr
imi
nat
ion(
pri
vi
legeagai
nst
)-Theconst
it
uti
onal
rightofpeopl
etor
efuset
ogi
ve
t
est
imonyagai
nstt
hemsel
vest
hatcoul
dsubj
ectt
hem t
ocr
imi
nal
prosecut
ion.Ther
ight
i
sguar
ant
eedi
ntheFi
ft
hAmendmentt
otheU.
S.Const
it
uti
on.Asser
ti
ngt
her
ighti
s
of
tenr
efer
redt
oas
Taki
ngt
heFi
ft
h.

Sel
f-
Prov
ingWi
l
l-Awi
l
lwhosev
ali
dit
ydoesnothav
etobet
est
if
iedt
oincour
tbyt
he
wi
tnessest
oit
,si
ncet
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edanaf
fi
dav
itr
efl
ect
ingpr
operexecut
ionof
t
hewi
l
lpr
iort
othemaker
sdeat
h.

Sent
ence-Thepuni
shmentor
der
edbyacour
tforadef
endantconv
ict
edofacr
ime.A
concur
rentsent
encemeanst
hatt
woormor
esent
enceswoul
drunatt
hesamet
ime.A
consecut
ivesent
encemeanst
hatt
woormor
esent
enceswoul
drunoneaf
teranot
her
.

Sent
enceRepor
t-Adocumentcont
aini
ngbackgr
oundmat
eri
alonaconv
ict
edper
son.I
t
i
spr
epar
edt
ogui
det
hej
udgei
nthei
mposi
ti
onofasent
ence.Somet
imescal
l
edapr
e-
sent
encei
nvest
igat
ion.

Sequest
er-Tosepar
ate.Somet
imesj
uri
esar
esepar
atedf
rom out
sidei
nfl
uences
dur
ingt
hei
rdel
i
ber
ati
ons.Forexampl
e,t
hismayoccurdur
ingahi
ghl
ypubl
i
cizedt
ri
al.

Sequest
rat
ionofWi
tnesses-Keepi
ngal
lwi
tnesses(
exceptpl
aint
if
fanddef
endant
)out
oft
hecour
troom exceptf
ort
hei
rti
meont
hest
and,
andcaut
ioni
ngt
hem nott
odi
scuss
t
hei
rtest
imonywi
thot
herwi
tnesses.Al
socal
l
edexcl
usi
onofwi
tnesses.Thi
spr
event
s
awi
tnessf
rom bei
ngi
nfl
uencedbyt
het
est
imonyofapr
iorwi
tness.

Ser
vice-Thedel
i
ver
yofal
egal
document
,orofar
equi
rementt
oappeari
ncour
t,byan
of
fi
cial
l
yaut
hor
izedper
soni
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tht
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ormal
requi
rement
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he
appl
i
cabl
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vicei
srequi
red,
unl
esswai
ved,
forcompl
aint
s,summonses,
or
subpoenas,
tonot
if
yaper
sonofal
awsui
torot
herl
egal
act
iont
akenagai
nsthi
m/her
.

Set
tl
ement-Anagr
eementbet
weent
hepar
ti
esdi
sposi
ngofal
awsui
t.
Set
tl
or-Theper
sonwhoset
supat
rust
.Al
socal
l
edt
hegr
ant
orort
rust
or.

Sev
erance-Thesepar
ati
onofof
fensesordef
endant
sint
odi
ff
erentt
ri
als.

ShowCauseOr
der-Cour
tor
derr
equi
ri
ngaper
sont
oappearandshowwhysome
act
ionshoul
dnotbet
aken.

Si
debar-Aconf
erencebet
weent
hej
udgeandl
awy
ers,
usual
l
yint
hecour
troom,
outof
ear
shotoft
hej
uryandspect
ator
s.

Sl
ander-Fal
seanddef
amat
oryspokenwor
dst
endi
ngt
ohar
m anot
her
sr
eput
ati
on,
busi
nessormeansofl
i
vel
i
hood.Sl
anderi
sspokendef
amat
ion;
li
bel
ispubl
i
shed.

Sov
erei
gnI
mmuni
ty-Thedoct
ri
net
hatt
hegov
ernment
,st
ateorf
eder
al,
isi
mmunet
o
l
awsui
tunl
essi
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vesi
tsconsent
,gener
all
ythr
oughl
egi
slat
ion.

Speci
alDamages-Damagest
hatar
etheact
ual
,butnotnecessar
y,consequenceofa
br
eachofcont
ractori
njur
y.I
ncont
ractl
aw,
speci
aldamagesmusthav
ebeen
r
easonabl
yfor
eseeabl
eandmustf
lowdi
rect
lyandi
mmedi
atel
yfr
om t
hebr
each,
ort
hey
ar
enotenf
orceabl
e.

Speci
fi
cPer
for
mance-Ar
emedybywhi
chacour
tor
der
saper
sonwhohasbr
eachedan
agr
eementt
oper
for
m speci
fi
cal
l
ywhatheorshehasagr
eedt
odo.Speci
fi
c
per
for
mancei
sor
der
edwhendamagesal
onewoul
dbei
nadequat
ecompensat
ion.

SpeedyTr
ial
-Ar
uleofl
awwher
eint
hedef
endantmustbebr
oughtt
otr
ial
wit
hin180
day
s.

Spendt
hri
ftTr
ust-At
rustsetupf
ort
hebenef
itofsomeonewhom t
hegr
ant
orbel
i
eves
woul
dbei
ncapabl
eofmanagi
nghi
s/herownf
inanci
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fai
rs.

St
andi
ng-Thel
egal
rightt
obr
ingal
awsui
t.Onl
yaper
sonwi
thsomel
egal
l
yrecogni
zed
i
nter
estatst
akehasst
andi
ngt
obr
ingal
awsui
t.

St
areDeci
sis-Thedoct
ri
net
hatcour
tswi
l
lfol
l
owpr
inci
plesofl
awl
aiddowni
n
pr
evi
ouscases.Si
mil
art
opr
ecedent
.

St
atement-Awr
it
ingmadebyaper
sonandsi
gnedorot
her
wiseadopt
edorappr
oved
bysuchper
son;
anymechani
cal
,el
ect
ri
cal
orot
herr
ecor
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ranscr
ipt
iont
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eof
,
whi
chi
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eci
tal
ofanor
alut
ter
ance;
andst
enogr
aphi
corwr
it
tenst
atement
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es
whi
char
einsubst
ancer
eci
tal
sofanor
alst
atement
.

St
atut
eLawpassedbyal
egi
slat
ivebodydecl
ari
ngr
ight
sanddut
ies,
orcommandi
ng
orpr
ohi
bit
ingcer
tai
nconduct
.

St
atut
eofFr
audsLawwhi
chr
equi
rest
hatcer
tai
ndocument
sbei
nwr
it
ing,
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l
easesf
ormor
ethanoney
ear
.Undert
heUCC,
cont
ract
sfort
hesal
eofgoodsf
ormor
e
t
han$500mustbei
nwr
it
ingt
obeenf
orced.

St
atut
eofLi
mit
ati
ons-Thet
imewi
thi
nwhi
chapl
aint
if
fmustbegi
nal
awsui
t(i
nci
vi
l
cases)orapr
osecut
ormustbr
ingchar
ges(
incr
imi
nal
cases)
.Ther
ear
edi
ff
erent
st
atut
esofl
i
mit
ati
onsatbot
hthef
eder
alandst
atel
evel
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ff
erentki
ndsofl
awsui
ts
orcr
imes.

St
atut
oryConst
ruct
ion-Pr
ocessbywhi
chacour
tseekst
oint
erpr
ett
hemeani
ngand
scopeofl
egi
slat
ion.

St
atut
oryLawThebodyofl
awenact
edbyt
hel
egi
slat
ivebr
anchofgov
ernment
,as
di
sti
ngui
shedf
rom casel
aworcommonl
aw.

St
ay-Acour
tor
derhal
ti
ngaj
udi
cial
proceedi
ng.

St
ipul
ati
on-Anagr
eementbyat
tor
ney
sonbot
hsi
desofaci
vi
lorcr
imi
nal
caseabout
someaspectoft
hecase;
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oext
endt
het
imet
oanswer
,toadj
our
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ri
aldat
e,or
t
oadmi
tcer
tai
nfact
satt
het
ri
al.

St
ri
ctLi
abi
l
itySt
atut
esSt
atut
escr
imi
nal
i
zingspeci
fi
cconductwi
thoutr
egar
dtot
he
act
or
sint
ent
.Theonl
yquest
ionf
oraj
udgeorj
uryi
nast
ri
ct-
li
abi
l
itycasei
swhet
hert
he
def
endantdi
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ohi
bit
edact
.
St
ri
ke-Hi
ghl
i
ght
ingev
idence,
int
her
ecor
dofcase,
thathasbeeni
mpr
oper
lyof
fer
ed
andwi
l
lnotber
eli
edupon.

SuaSpont
e-ALat
inphr
asewhi
chmeansonone
sownbehal
f,v
olunt
ary
,wi
thout
pr
ompt
ingorsuggest
ion.

Subj
ectMat
terJur
isdi
cti
on-Powerofacour
ttoheart
het
ypeofcaset
hati
sbef
orei
t.
Exampl
e:amuni
ci
pal
cour
thassubj
ectmat
terj
uri
sdi
cti
onf
orcasesi
nvol
vi
ngv
iol
ati
on
oft
hatmuni
cipal
i
ty'
sor
dinances,
butdoesnothav
esubj
ectmat
terj
uri
sdi
cti
onov
er
f
eloni
es.

SubpoenaApr
ocessdi
rect
ingawi
tnesst
oappearandgi
vet
est
imonyatacer
tai
n
t
imeandi
nacer
tai
npl
ace.

SubpoenaDucesTecum -Acour
tor
dercommandi
ngawi
tnesst
obr
ingcer
tai
n
document
sorr
ecor
dst
ocour
t.

Summar
yJudgment-Adeci
sionmadeont
hebasi
sofst
atement
sandev
idence
pr
esent
edf
ort
her
ecor
dwi
thoutat
ri
al.I
tisusedwhent
her
eisnodi
sput
east
othe
mat
eri
alf
act
soft
hecase,
andonepar
tyi
sent
it
ledt
ojudgmentasamat
terofl
aw.

Summons-Adocumentsi
gnedbyadeput
ycl
erkor
der
ingaper
sont
oappearbef
oret
he
cour
ttor
espondt
oacompl
aint
.

Suppor
tTr
ust-At
rustt
hati
nst
ruct
sthet
rust
eet
ospendonl
yasmuchi
ncomeand
pr
inci
pal
(theasset
shel
dint
het
rust
)asneededf
ort
hebenef
ici
ary
ssuppor
t.

Suppr
ess-Tof
orbi
dtheuseofev
idenceatat
ri
albecausei
tisi
mpr
operorwas
i
mpr
oper
lyobt
ained.Seeal
soexcl
usi
onar
yrul
e.

Supr
a-Lat
inf
orabov
e.

Sur
ety-Onewhosi
gnsabondandguar
ant
eest
opaymoneyi
fthedef
endantf
ail
sto
appeari
ncour
tasor
der
ed.
Sur
etyBond-Abondpur
chasedatt
heexpenseoft
heest
atet
oinsur
etheexecut
or
s
pr
operper
for
mance.

Sur
viv
orshi
p-Anot
hernamef
orj
ointt
enancy
,inwhi
choneownerbecomesent
it
ledt
o
pr
oper
tybecauseheorshehassur
viv
edal
lot
herowner
s.

SuspendedSent
ence-Post
ponedexecut
ionofsent
ence;
sent
encei
simposed,
and
execut
ionofsent
encei
ssuspended,
post
poned,
orst
ayedf
oraper
iodandon
condi
ti
onssetbyt
hej
udge.

Suspensi
on(
ofdr
iver
sl
i
cense)-Thedr
iver
'sl
i
censeandpr
ivi
l
eget
odr
ivear
e
t
empor
ari
l
ywi
thdr
awn,
butonl
ydur
ingt
heper
iodofsuchsuspensi
on.Nor
eappl
i
cat
ion
i
snecessar
ytoobt
ainl
i
cense.

Sust
ain-Acour
trul
i
nguphol
dinganobj
ect
ionoramot
ion.

Swor
nCompl
aintAf
fi
dav
it-Aswor
n,wi
tnessedcompl
aintf
il
edwi
tht
heCl
erkoft
he
Cour
t.

Ret
urnt
otop

Tempor
aryRel
i
ef-Anyf
orm ofact
ionbyacour
tgr
ant
ingoneoft
hepar
ti
esanor
der
desi
gnedt
opr
otecti
tsi
nter
estpendi
ngf
urt
heract
ionbyt
hecour
t.

Tempor
aryRest
rai
ningOr
der-Aj
udge
sor
derf
orbi
ddi
ngcer
tai
nact
ionsunt
ilaf
ull
hear
ingcanbehel
d.Usual
l
yofshor
tdur
ati
on.Of
tenr
efer
redt
oasaTRO.

Test
ament
aryCapaci
ty-Thel
egal
abi
l
ityt
omakeawi
l
l.

Test
ament
aryTr
ust-At
rustsetupbyawi
l
l.Thi
str
ustbecomesef
fect
iveonl
yupont
he
deat
hoft
het
est
ator
.

Test
ator-Per
sonwhomakesawi
l
l(f
emal
e:t
est
atr
ix)
Test
imony-Theev
idencegi
venbyawi
tnessunderoat
h.I
tdoesnoti
ncl
udeev
idence
f
rom document
sandot
herphy
sical
evi
dence.

Thi
rdPar
ty-Aper
son,
busi
ness,
organi
zat
ionorgov
ernmentagencynotact
ivel
y
i
nvol
vedi
nal
egal
proceedi
ng,
agr
eement
,ort
ransact
ion,
butaf
fect
edbyi
t.

Thi
rd-
Par
tyCl
aim -Anact
ionbyt
hedef
endantt
hatbr
ingsat
hir
dpar
tyi
ntoal
awsui
t.

Ti
meser
ved-Act
ual
numberofday
sal
readyser
vedi
njai
lonachar
georof
fensebef
ore
conv
ict
ion.

Ti
tl
e-Legal
owner
shi
pofpr
oper
ty,
usual
l
yreal
proper
tyoraut
omobi
l
es.

Tor
t-Ani
njur
yorwr
ongcommi
tt
edont
heper
sonorpr
oper
tyofanot
her
.At
orti
san
i
nfr
ingementont
her
ight
sofani
ndi
vi
dual
,butnotf
oundedi
nacont
ract
.Themost
commont
ortact
ioni
sasui
tforper
sonal
and/
orpr
oper
tydamagessust
ainedi
nan
aut
omobi
l
eacci
dent
.

Tr
anscr
ipt-Awr
it
ten,
wor
d-f
or-
wor
drecor
dofwhatwassai
d,ei
theri
napr
oceedi
ng
suchasat
ri
alordur
ingsomeot
herconv
ersat
ion,
asi
nat
ranscr
iptofahear
ingoror
al
deposi
ti
on.

Tr
ansf
ercases-Casesgoi
ngf
rom onecour
toronej
uri
sdi
cti
ont
oanot
her
.

Tr
ial
-Exami
nat
ionofanyi
ssueoff
actorl
awbef
oreacompet
entcour
ttodet
ermi
ne
t
her
ight
soft
hepar
ti
es.

Tr
ial
byJur
yTr
ial
byabodyofper
sonssel
ect
edf
rom t
heci
ti
zensofapar
ti
cul
ar
di
str
ictandbr
oughtbef
oret
hecour
twher
etheyar
eswor
ntot
ryoneormor
equest
ions
off
actanddet
ermi
net
hem byt
hei
rver
dict
.

Tr
ial
deNov
o-Ar
etr
ial
indi
str
ictcour
tthati
sconduct
edasi
fnot
ri
alhadoccur
redi
n
t
hel
owercour
t.

Tr
ueBi
l
l-Af
indi
ngbyagr
andj
uryt
hatt
her
eissuf
fi
cientev
idencet
owar
rantacr
imi
nal
char
ge;
all
owst
ri
alt
opr
oceed.Ani
ndi
ctment
.

Tr
ueCopy-Anexactcopyofawr
it
teni
nst
rument
.

Tr
ust-Al
egal
dev
iceusedt
omanager
eal
orper
sonal
proper
ty,
est
abl
i
shedbyone
per
son(
thegr
ant
ororset
tl
or)f
ort
hebenef
itofanot
her(
thebenef
ici
ary
).At
hir
dper
son
(
thet
rust
ee)ort
hegr
ant
ormanagest
het
rust
.

Tr
ustAgr
eementorDecl
arat
ion-Thel
egal
documentt
hatset
supal
i
vingt
rust
.
Test
ament
aryt
rust
sar
esetupi
nawi
l
l.

Tr
ust
ee-Theper
sonori
nst
it
uti
ont
hatmanagest
hepr
oper
typuti
ntr
ust
.

Tr
ust
orGr
ant
or,
set
tl
or;
onewhoest
abl
i
shesat
rust
.

Ret
urnt
otop

UCC-Uni
for
m Commer
cial
Code.TheUCCappl
i
est
othesal
eofmov
abl
egoodst
oor
byamer
chant
.NewMex
ico
sUCCst
atut
esar
eencodedatNMSA1978,
55-
1-101t
o
-
12-
109.

Unenf
orceabl
eCont
ractAv
ali
dcont
racti
sunenf
orceabl
ewhensomedef
enseexi
sts
t
hati
sext
raneoust
othef
ormat
ionoft
hecont
ract
,suchaswhent
hecont
ractv
iol
ates
t
heSt
atut
eofFr
audsort
heSt
atut
eofLi
mit
ati
onshaspassed.

Unj
ustEnr
ichment-Occur
swhenaper
sonhasunf
air
lygai
nedatt
heexpenseof
anot
her(
suchasbymi
stake)
,andpr
inci
plesofj
ust
iceandequi
tyr
equi
ret
heper
sont
o
r
etur
norpayf
ort
hepr
oper
tyorbenef
it
srecei
ved.

Unl
awf
ulDet
ainerAnunj
ust
if
iabl
eret
ent
ionofr
eal
est
atewi
thoutt
heconsentoft
he
ownerorot
herper
sonent
it
ledt
oit
spossessi
on;
mayoccurwhenat
enantr
efusest
o
l
eav
epr
emi
sesaf
tert
her
ightofoccupancyhasended.

Unl
awf
ulSear
ch-Exami
nat
ionori
nspect
ionofpr
emi
sesorper
sonswi
thoutaut
hor
it
yof
t
hel
awandi
nvi
olat
ionoft
hei
mmuni
tyf
rom unr
easonabl
esear
chandsei
zur
eunder
t
heFour
thAmendmentt
otheU.
S.Const
it
uti
onandAr
ti
cleI
I,
Sect
ion10oft
heNew
Mexi
coConst
it
uti
on.

Unsecur
ed-I
ncol
l
ect
ionorbankr
upt
cypr
oceedi
ngs,
adebtoracl
aimi
sunsecur
edi
f
t
her
eisnocol
l
ater
al,
ort
otheext
entt
hev
alueofcol
l
ater
ali
slesst
hant
heamountof
t
hedebt
.

Usur
y-Char
gingahi
gheri
nter
estr
ateorhi
gherf
eest
hant
hel
awal
l
ows.

Ret
urnt
otop

Vacat
e-Tosetasi
de,
asaj
udgment
.

Veni
re-Awr
itsummoni
ngper
sonst
ocour
ttoactasj
uror
s,al
sor
efer
stot
hepeopl
e
summonedf
orj
urydut
y,asi
nthe
jur
yveni
reor
jur
ypanel
.

VenueThepl
acei
nwhi
chpr
osecut
ioni
sbr
ought
;venuemaybei
nthecount
yoft
he
def
endant
sr
esi
denceori
nthecount
yinwhi
cht
heof
fensei
sal
l
egedt
ohav
ebeen
commi
tt
ed.

Vest
ed-Fi
xed;
accr
ued;
set
tl
ed;
absol
ute.

Ver
dict-Thef
indi
ngsofaj
udgeorj
uryatt
heendoft
het
ri
al.

Voi
dCont
ractAcont
ractt
hatdoesnothav
eanyl
egal
eff
ectandcannotbeenf
orced
underanyci
rcumst
ances.Forexampl
e,acont
ractt
ocommi
tani
l
legal
acti
svoi
d.

Voi
dabl
eCont
ractAv
ali
dcont
ractt
hatapar
tymaycancel
uponr
equest
.Forexampl
e,
acont
ractmadebyami
nori
svoi
dabl
ebyt
hemi
nororhi
sorherl
egal
guar
dian.

Voi
rDi
re-Af
orm ofquest
ioni
ngdesi
gnedt
oest
abl
i
sht
hequal
i
ficat
ionsofpr
ospect
ive
j
uror
stoser
vei
nacase.
Ret
urnt
otop

Wai
ve-Togi
veupaknownr
ightv
olunt
ari
l
y.Exampl
e:Togi
veupt
her
ightt
oanat
tor
ney
.

Wai
verI
next
radi
ti
onpr
oceedi
ngs,
afor
m si
gnedbef
oreaj
udgewher
ebyadef
endant
v
olunt
ari
l
ysubmi
tst
opi
ck-
upbyaf
orei
gnj
uri
sdi
cti
on,
wai
vi
nghi
s/herr
ight
sas
guar
ant
eedundert
heConst
it
uti
on.

Wai
verofI
mmuni
ty-Ameansaut
hor
izedbyst
atut
ebywhi
chawi
tness,
bef
ore
t
est
if
yingorpr
oduci
ngev
idence,
mayr
eli
nqui
sht
her
ightt
oref
uset
otest
if
yagai
nst
hi
msel
forher
sel
f,t
her
ebymaki
ngi
tpossi
blef
orhi
sorhert
est
imonyt
obeusedagai
nst
hi
m orheri
nfut
urepr
oceedi
ngs.

War
rant-Mostcommonl
y,acour
tor
deraut
hor
izi
ngl
awenf
orcementof
fi
cer
stomake
anar
restorconductasear
ch.Anaf
fi
dav
itseeki
ngawar
rantmustest
abl
i
shpr
obabl
e
causebydet
ail
i
ngt
hef
act
suponwhi
cht
her
equesti
sbased.

War
rant
lessSear
ch-Exami
nat
ionofaper
sonorpr
emi
seswi
thoutf
ir
stobt
aini
nga
war
rant
,whi
chmaybel
awf
ulundersuchl
i
mit
edci
rcumst
ancesasadomest
icv
iol
ence
si
tuat
ion,
emer
gency
,hotpur
sui
t,consent
,ort
hreatofi
mmedi
ater
emov
alof
cont
raband.

War
rant
yAl
egal
promi
set
hatcer
tai
nfact
sar
etr
ue.

Wi
l
l-Al
egal
decl
arat
iont
hatdi
sposesofaper
son
spr
oper
tywhent
hatper
sondi
es.

Wi
thoutPr
ejudi
ce-Acl
aim orcausedi
smi
ssedwi
thoutpr
ejudi
cemaybet
hesubj
ectof
anewl
awsui
t.

Wi
thPr
ejudi
ce-Appl
i
edt
oor
der
sofj
udgmentdi
smi
ssi
ngacase,
meani
ngt
hatt
he
pl
aint
if
fisf
orev
erbar
redf
rom br
ingi
ngal
awsui
tont
hesamecl
aim orcause.

Wi
tness-Aper
sonwhot
est
if
iest
owhathe/
shehasseen,
hear
d,orot
her
wise
exper
ienced.Al
so,
aper
sonwhoobser
vest
hesi
gni
ngofawi
l
landi
scompet
entt
o
t
est
if
ythati
tist
hewi
l
l-maker
si
ntendedl
astwi
l
landt
est
ament
.

Wr
it-Aj
udi
cial
orderdi
rect
ingaper
sont
odosomet
hing.

Wr
itofAt
tachment-Awr
itoft
hecour
tor
der
ingt
hesher
if
ftosei
zeorhol
dadebt
or
s
pr
oper
tyandbr
ingt
hepr
oper
tybef
oret
hecour
t.

Wr
itofCer
ti
orar
i-Anor
derbyt
heappel
l
atecour
tusedwhent
hecour
thast
he
di
scr
eti
ononwhet
herornott
ohearanappeal
.

Wr
itofMandamus-Awr
itt
ocompel
per
for
manceofone
sresponsi
bil
i
tiesassetf
ort
h
byl
aw.

Wr
itofPr
ohi
bit
ionAwr
itusedbyasuper
iorcour
ttopr
eventani
nfer
iorcour
tfr
om
exceedi
ngi
tsj
uri
sdi
cti
on.

Wr
itofSuper
int
endi
ngCont
rol
Awr
iti
ssuedt
opr
eventagr
ossmi
scar
ri
ageofj
ust
ice
bycor
rect
ingt
heer
roneousr
uli
ngofal
owercour
tthati
sact
ingwi
thi
nit
sjur
isdi
cti
on
buti
smaki
ngmi
stakesofl
awori
sact
ingi
nwi
l
lful
disr
egar
doft
hel
aw.Thewr
iti
s
i
ssuedwhent
her
eisnoappeal
orwhenanappeal
cannotpr
ovi
deadequat
erel
i
ef.