,

,
PILLOTIS

,

.
..

.
175

2005

 .- 21/01/2005

,
,
PILLOTIS
,

.



175

(.)
.


. 10% 50
475 .

( Pillotis). H
Pillotis

.
..

1.


.

( ).
pillotis .

ETABS v8.1.5. To
. o
[19],[14].
(.) ..(.
, .- , .- )
.

2.
1984.
=0.08 1959.
.
. pillotis, , 2.44, 5.46, 8.42m .
2900
.

1/24
 .- 21/01/2005

160 S220
StIII.
pillotis : 3
60/25 816, 1 50/25 420, 2
40/40 818 816 , 4
35/35 420 30/30
420, 11 . 4
30/30 420, 2 50/25
620, 1 50/20 420+214 2
35/35 420 9 .
pillotis 25/50
20/50 ,
20/50, 2
25/60 2 20/40
8/200
( ).
1984.

.

3.
3.1.

.
(pl).

3.1

2/24
 .- 21/01/2005

25%

[14], :

()eff =0.25EI

L/4 L
,
.

beff = min(l/4 , l/2)

( ) 1/3
.
,


2:1 .

g+0.3q [17].

3.2.
3.2.1.
fc=12.8Mpa
160
.
2000 c=26126 Mpa.

2000,
co=0.2% cu=0.35%.

,
Mander et al (1988)

[19],:

co*=co(1+5K)
cu* = cu +(wsu)/(1+K)
fc*=fc (1+K)

p 2p
K = 2.254 1 + 7.94 1
fc f c
p/fc = 0.5aw

3/24
 .- 21/01/2005

w
.

3.2.2.

StI
StIII .
: fyw=220Mpa fy = 420 MPa,
ft=546Mpa (ft/fy=1.3), s=210Gpa .
sy=0.2% su=9.7% [18].

3.2.3.

tw=0.25m
.
12x14x25, 771-1, 2, fb=5.00 Mpa,
15.00/m3, 5, .
(EC6) fk=2.34 Mpa , fvko=0.10Mpa ,
maxfvko=1.00Mpa E= 2.34Gpa

3.3. [19],[14]
3.3.1.

.
3.2. O
y. -
- y
, ,
.
,

.

A.X A.Z .
My

y u
3.2

u
y [14]
:

4/24
 .- 21/01/2005

pl =[(1/r)u-(1/r)y] Lp
l
(1/r)u

su
( 1 / r )su =
(1 su )d

cu
( 1 / r )cu =
cu d

(1/r)y
.
.
To Lpl (Fardis and
Biskinis,2003) [19], ,

Lpl = 0.025Ls+0.115h+asl (fy/50)db

Ls ,h , asl
0 1 ,db
.

(Fardis and Biskinis,2003) [19]

0.13( 1 / r ) y f y
(
y = 1.035 y ) Ls +3v d + 0.0011 + 0.002 Lh + as
s fc

(
= 1 + ( 1 / r ) 1 ) 3LL pl 1 2LLpl
s s

RD
(
u)
RD=0.5(+y)/RD
RD=()/RD RD=1.8.


. u,
,
.

5/24
 .- 21/01/2005

2.5.
.

.
,
[19],[14]
,
.
Visual Basic
, Microsoft
Access.

3.3.2.

. w=0.1L, L
,
,
EC6.


.

fwc

0,5fwc

-3 -3 -3 -3
1x10 210 2x10 410
3.3

4. [2],[8],[9]

--
.
(V-)

.
( ) .

. 4.1.

6/24
 .- 21/01/2005

4.1 4.2

V-
()
. 4.2
2000 .
( )
> 5% [1] ,

[3] (
) ( -
), EC8
[5]. 4.3 4.4
.
T
n<Tc = 1 + (q u 1) c
qu Tn
n >Tc =

4.3 4.4

7/24
 .- 21/01/2005

5.
5.1.

+,-
,+,- .

5.1 ,5.2, 5.3, 5.4
,
, 2
,

- M
X XCM YCM XCR YCR
1 64.65 64.65 7.11 2.97 8.06 2.99
2 87.83 87.83 7.26 2.97 8.31 3.13
3 87.83 87.83 7.26 2.97 8.30 3.10
4 57.91 57.91 8.88 3.14 9.58 3.16
5.1

5.1 5.2
1 + 1 -

8/24
 .- 21/01/2005

5.3 5.4
2 + 2 -

-Y
UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
1 0.481 2.630 72.613 0.000 2.630 72.613 0.000 90.306 3.163 0.656 90.306 3.163 0.656
2 0.407 75.751 2.606 0.000 78.381 75.219 0.000 3.214 89.518 0.006 93.520 92.680 0.662
+Y
UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
1 0.481 2.532 72.636 0.000 2.532 72.636 0.000 90.340 3.045 0.698 90.340 3.045 0.698
2 0.408 75.856 2.472 0.000 78.388 75.108 0.000 3.057 89.647 0.021 93.397 92.691 0.719

UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
1 0.481 2.550 72.625 0.000 2.550 72.625 0.000 90.322 3.069 0.695 90.322 3.069 0.695
2 0.407 75.841 2.493 0.000 78.391 75.118 0.000 3.082 89.613 0.020 93.404 92.681 0.715
+
UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
1 0.481 2.630 72.613 0.000 2.630 72.613 0.000 90.306 3.163 0.656 90.306 3.163 0.656
2 0.407 75.751 2.606 0.000 78.381 75.219 0.000 3.214 89.518 0.006 93.520 92.680 0.662
5.2

UX UY UZ RX RY RZ
- - -
1 0.481 -2.800 14.716 0.000 93.184 17.438 6.509 170.514
- -
2 0.407 15.030 -2.788 0.000 17.580 92.776 0.638 237.845
+

UX UY UZ RX RY RZ
-
1 0.481 2.748 14.718 0.000 93.201 17.110 6.713 170.423
- -
2 0.408 15.041 -2.715 0.000 17.145 92.843 1.164 237.726

9/24
 .- 21/01/2005

UX UY UZ RX RY RZ
-
1 0.481 2.757 14.717 0.000 93.192 17.178 6.701 170.426
- -
2 0.407 15.039 -2.726 0.000 17.213 92.825 1.129 237.788
+

UX UY UZ RX RY RZ
- - -
1 0.481 -2.800 14.716 0.000 93.184 17.438 6.509 170.514
- -
2 0.407 15.030 -2.788 0.000 17.580 92.776 0.638 237.845
5.3

5.2. -

2 pillotis.
.

(V-) ETABS
.

900 y = 0.0186m y = -0.019m

(KN)

900
(KN)

= 0.0243m
= -0.0243m
Vu = 859.11KN
600 Vu = -833.04KN
600
+X -X
=1.31 =1.24
Vu/w=29.3% Vu/w=28.4%
300 =0.407sec 300 =0.407sec
2 2

0
0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
+ (m) 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
- (m)

5.5- V-, + 5.6- V-, -

10/24
 .- 21/01/2005

5.7-a, 18, + 5.8-, 23 +

. +
+y = 0.0186 + = 0.0243
Vu+X = 859.11KN ,
pillotis. C3 ..
. H
(interstory drift) C6 1/1 = 0.64%.


. E y=0
.
1984
.

.

11/24
 .- 21/01/2005

5.9-a, 10, - 5.10-, 12, -

- -y = -0.019
- =- 0.0236 Vu-X = -833KN.
pillotis. C6 1/1 = 0.52%.
C3 C10 o .. .


C10.
+
+y = -0.028 + =- 0.04
Vu+ = -774.9KN .

900
y = -0.0288 m

(KN) = -0.0406 m
600 Vu = -769.00 KN
-Y
=1.4
Vu/w=26.3%
300 =0.481sec
1

0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
+ (m)

5.11- V-, + 5.12- V-, -

pillotis. C7 ..
.

C7.

pillotis .. ..
-

Sd

12/24
 .- 21/01/2005

5.13-a, 7,+ 5.14-, 11,+

Y
-y = -0.0288 - =- 0.0406 Vu- =
769KN . C6
.
,
.

5.15-a, 5, - 5.16-, 6, -

13/24
 .- 21/01/2005

plu (1-1.3%).
.

5.3.


.
0.7

0.6
Sai

0.5 +X
Sai/g = 0.29
0.4 det = 0.0331
Sdt* = 0.0376

0.3

0.2

-
0.1
EC8

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Sdi

5.17- , +X

. Sdi+X 0.0376
0.02, Sdi-X=0.0381 > Sdi-X=0.019 .
Sai/g = 0.29

- -
.

14/24
 .- 21/01/2005

0.8

Sai 0.7

0.6
-X
0.5
Sai/g = 0.275
0.4 det = 0.033
Sdt* = 0.038
0.3

0.2

0.1 -
EC8,Annex B.
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Sdi

5.19- , -X

Y .. .

Sdi+ =0.0347 < Sdi+ =0.0466,
Sdi-=0.0386 < Sdi-=0.041
Sai/g = 0.466 Sai/g = 0.443
.

0.8

0.7
Sai

0.6

0.5
+Y
0.4
Sai/g = 0.466
0.3
det = 0.0328
Sdt* = 0.0347
0.2
-EC8,Annex B.

0.1

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Sdi

5.20 - , +Y

15/24
 .- 21/01/2005

0.7

0.6

-EC8,Annex B.
Sai

0.5

0.4

0.3 -Y

0.2
Sai/g = 0.443
det = 0.0361
0.1
Sdt* =0.0385
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Sdi
00
5.20 - , -Y

6.
6.1.

>

.
.

.
.
4 (Passive energy dissipation
devices) ,
, ,


.
.
.
,
.


[8].

16/24
 .- 21/01/2005

6.2. [2].

FEMA 356.


.

W j
j
eff = +
4 W k

5%, Wk
,Wj
j i

2 2
Wj = C j 2 rj
ss

Tss
, Cj
rj
.

6.3. .[8]

F D = K eff + Cu

eff , C
.

G' Ab G' ' Ab

k eff = C=
t t

G G , t
Ab
, .
6.1 6.2 .
G G ,
.

17/24
 .- 21/01/2005

eff

6.1 6.2

.
[8]
6.3 6.4

6.3 G- 6.3 G-
21-26C 21-26C

17% .
t
= 100 mm Ab = 500mm2 , C= 600 KNsec/m , Keff = 1500 Mpa.
G/ = 0.1 Mpa-sec .
pillotis
.

7. .

18/24
 .- 21/01/2005

7.1.

7.1 V-, + 7.2 V- -

H .
. H

C2,C3 C10.

7.3-a, 18 ,+ 7.4-, 23 ,+

Pillotis C6 1/1 = 0.58%

+X - .

19/24
 .- 21/01/2005

,
.

7.5-a, 9,- 7.6-, 12,-

7.2.

. 7.7 7.8

123% 127% .
98% 95% .
.

. +
.. , .

20/24
 .- 21/01/2005

7.7- ,. +X

7.8- ,. -X

21/24
 .- 21/01/2005

8.

Pillotis.


Pillotis. Y
.
, ,
. o
Pilloris
17% .
123% 127% .
98% 95%.

.

9.

[1]. Applied Technology Council,CSSC.1996 C 40,Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of concrete

Buildings Volume 1.
[2]. ATC, 1997a. NEHRP Guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Applied Technology
Council, for the Building Seismic Safety Council and the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA Report 273), Washington, D.C.
[3]. Chopra Anil K.,. Goel Rakesh K. Capacity-Demand-Diagram methods for estimating seismic
deformation of inelastic structure . Report No.PEER 1999/02.
[4]. Chopra Anil K, Dynamics of structures,2001 , Second Edition, Prentice Hall.
[5]. CEN, 2003. European (draft) standard ENV 1998-1-4:1998: Eurocode 8: Design provisions for
earthquake resistance of structures Part-1:General rules, Seismic actionsand rules for Buildings.
Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Bruxelles Nov2003.
[6]. CEN, 2003. European (draft) standard ENV 1998-1-4:1998: Eurocode 8: Design provisions for
earthquake resistance of structures Part-3:Assesment and retrofitting of buildings. Comite Europeen
de Normalisation, Bruxelles May2004.
[7]. Computers and Structures Inc. ETABS, Non Linear Version 8.1.5 Extended 3D Analysis of Building
systems,California USA 1983-2003.
[8]. Holmes Consulting Group, Trevor Kelly,S.E. In-structure Damping and Energy Dissipation July
2001.
[9]. Jinkoo K.,Hyunhoon C.,Hyung-Won M., Performance-Based Design of Added Viscous Dampers
Using Capacity Spectrum Method Journal of Earthquake Engineeirng, Vol,No1(2003) 1-24.
[10]. .
,
. T , , 2003.

22/24
 .- 21/01/2005

[11]. .. T
, , 2002.
[12]. . 4- /
- , , : . . ,
, (2001).
[13]. .
( - )
( )
.., , (2003) .
[14]. O.A... 2004 .
[15]. . A
, , 57, 2002,129-136.
[16]. ......, ... 1329 /6-11-2000
2000 .
[17]. ......,, ... 2184 /20-12-1999 E
2000
[18]. .., , 1-3, T
, , 2001.
[19]. .., ,
T , , 2003.

23/24
 .- 21/01/2005

.1
.

24/24