A byte is equal to eight bits and can accommodate one keyboard

character.
Borrow in subtraction adds two to the minuend as 10 in decimal
system.
Conversion from base two,5 and 8 to decimal:
o Expand number with base as given by number.
Conversion from Decimal integers to binary:
o Divide the number with 2 and accumulate remainders and divide
quotient with 2 subsequently.
To convert decimal integers to any base r system divide number by
r.
To convert decimal fraction to binary, multiplication is used
instead of division.
To convert decimal fraction to any base r, multiplication is used
with that base instead of division.
The conversion from binary to octal is easily accomplished by
partitioning the binary numbers into groups of three digits each.
The corresponding octal digit is then assigned to each group.
Conversion from binary to hexadecimal is similar except that the
binary number is divided into groups of four digits.
Conversion from octal or hexadecimal to binary is done by
reversing the preceding procedure. Each octal digit is converted to
its four digit binary equivalent.