FINAL - Skilled Labor

3TXMQEPMWEWM4IQFIPENEVERHM71/9RXYO1IRKLEWMPOER
7OMPPIH0EFSVTEHE)VE1EW]EVEOEX)OSRSQM%7)%21)%

/IQIRXIVMER4IRHMHMOERHER/IFYHE]EER
(MVIOXSVEX.IRHIVEP4IRHMHMOER(EWEVHER1IRIRKEL
(MVIOXSVEX4IQFMREER7IOSPEL1IRIRKEL/INYVYER
8ELYR

3TXMQEPMWEWM 4IQFIPENEVER HM 71/ 9RXYO 1IRKLEWMPOER
7OMPPIH0EFSVTEHE)VE1EW]EVEOEX)OSRSQM%7)%21)%
'ST]VMKLXk(MVIOXSVEX4IQFMREER71/
%PP6MKLXW6IWIVZIH

4IRKEVEL
(VW,1YWXEKLJMVMR%QMR1&%
Direktur Pembinaan SMK
4IRERKKYRK.E[EF
%VMI;MFS[S/LYVRME[ER77M1%O
Kasubdit Program dan Evaluasi Direktorat Pembinaan SMK
/IXYE8MQ
'LVMWQM;MHNENERXM7)1&%
Kasi Program, Subdit Program dan Evaluasi Direktorat Pembinaan SMK
8MQ4IR]YWYR
4VSJ(V&EIHLS[M17M
4VSJ(V8VMWRS1EVXSRS11
7EPQER%PJEVMW]8SXEPME74H17M
8VM]ERXS77M17M
(MRM3GXSVME74H14H
&YHM;EL]SRS74H14H
*ENEV(ERYV-WRERX]S7817G
4VMRKKS;MH]S0EOWSRS781)RK

)HMXSV
-QEQ*EXGLYVVS^^M
=YPM7IXME[ER

(IWEMRHER8EXE0IXEO
%VM
/EVMR*EMÊL8EYVMWX]

-7&2

4IRIVFMX
(MVIOXSVEX4IQFMREER7IOSPEL1IRIRKEL/INYVYER
Komplek Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Gedung E, Lantai 13 Jalan Jenderal
Sudirman, Senayan, Jakarta 10270
/%8%4)2+%28%6(-6)/896

4YNM 7]YOYV OMXE TERNEXOER OI LEHMVEX 8YLER =ERK 1ELE )WE ]ERK XIPEL
QIQFIVMOER VELQEX HER OIOYEXER WILMRKKE XIPEL XIVWYWYR FYOY
3TXMQEPMWEWM4IQFIPENEVERHM71/9RXYO1IRKLEWMPOER7OMPPIH0EFSVTEHE
)VE1EW]EVEOEX)OSRSQM%7)%21)% HETEXHMWIPIWEMOERHIRKERFEMO

(ER HMWEHEVM WITIRYLR]E FEL[E QIWOMTYR FYOY MRM XIPEL HMWYWYR HIRKER
GIVQEXHERHIRKERQIQTIVXMQFERKOERFIVFEKEMLEPREQYRHM]EOMRMQEWML
NEYL HEVM OIWIQTYVREER 3PIL OEVIRE MXY OVMXMO HER WEVER HEVM TMLEOTMLEO
XIVOEMX WERKEX HMLEVETOER %XEW TIVER WIVXE TIVLEXMER FERXYER HER
OIVNEWEQE HEVM WIPYVYL TMLEO HMWEQTEMOER XIVMQE OEWML 7IQSKE FYOY MRM
FIVQERJEEXHERHETEXHMTIVKYREOERWIFEKEMQEREQIWXMR]E

.EOEVXE2SZIQFIV
(MVIOXYV471/

(VW1YWXEKLJMVMR%QMR1&%
2-4

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(%*8%6-7-

,EP

,EPEQER'SZIV. M
,EPEQER'SZIVDalam.. MMM
/EXE4IRKERXEV(MVIOXYV Z
(EJXEV-WM ZM
&%&/SRHMWM71/(M-RHSRIWME
% 4IRKERXEV
& 4IVPYR]E4IR]YWYRER/YVMOYPYQ71/FIVWEQE(9(-
' 1YXY71/HM-RHSRIWME
&%&8YRXYXER/IXIVEQTMPER7MW[E71/%FEH
&%&7XVEXIKM4IR]METER7OMPPIH0EFSV71/
% 7XERHEV-WMHER/SQTIXIRWM0YPYWER
& 7XERHEV4VSWIWHER4IRMPEMER
' 7XERHEV4IRHMHMOHER8IREKE/ITIRHMHMOER
( 7XERHEV7EVEREHER4VEWEVERE
) 7XERHEV4IRKIPSPEER
* 7XERHEV4IQFME]EER
&%&1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER71/]ERK4VSHYOXMJ
% (EWEV4IQMOMVER
& 8VIR4IQFIPENEVER1EWE/MRM
' 4%-/)1HEPEQ4IQFIPENEVER
( 7XVEXIKM4IQFIPENEVERHIRKER4IRHIOEXER7EMRXMJMO
) 4IR]IQTYVREER 1SHIP 4IQFIPENEVER 71/ 7IGEVE
&IVOIPERNYXER.
(EJXEV4YWXEOE

vi
KONDISI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN DI INDONESIA
A
B
1
&%&
/32(-7-7)/30%,1)2)2+%,/).969%2(--2(32)7-%

A. 4IRKERXEV
9RHERK9RHERK 2SQSV 8ELYR XIRXERK 7MWXIQ 4IRHMHMOER
2EWMSREP QIRNIPEWOER FEL[E WMWXIQ TIRHMHMOER REWMSREP LEVYW QEQTY
QIRNEQMR TIQIVEXEER OIWIQTEXER TIRHMHMOER TIRMRKOEXER QYXY WIVXE
VIPIZERWM HER IJMWMIRWM QIRENIQIR TIRHMHMOER YRXYO QIRKLEHETM XERXERKER
WIWYEM HIRKER XYRXYXER TIVYFELER OILMHYTER PSOEP REWMSREP HER KPSFEP
WILMRKKE TIVPY HMPEOYOER TIQFELEVYER TIRHMHMOER WIGEVE XIVIRGERE XIVEVEL
HERFIVOIWMREQFYRKER9RHERK9RHERKXIVWIFYXXIPELQIRKEOSQSHEWMTVMRWMT
SXSRSQM HEIVEL ]EORM YRXYO QIQFIVM OIQYHELER FEKM TEVE TIQFMRE HER
TIPEOWERETIRHMHMOERHEPEQQIRKLEHETMXERXERKEROILMHYTERWIGEVEQERHMVM
GIVHEWOVMXMWVEWMSREPHEROVIEXMJ4IVPY HMWEHEVM FEL[E HYRMEEFEHEHEPEL
HYRME]ERKXIVFYOEWIVXEQIQFYXYLOERWYQFIVHE]EQERYWME]ERKOSQTIXMXMJ
4IQIVMRXEL QIRIXETOER TIRHMHMOER WIFEKEM WEPEL WEXY TVMSVMXEW
HEPEQ6IRGERE4IQFERKYRER.ERKOE1IRIRKEL2EWMSREP64.12
HER 6IRGERE 4IQFERKYRER .ERKOE 4ERNERK 64.4 (EPEQ
QIRKLEHETM XERXERKER QEOE OIFIVEHEER HEVM 7IOSPEL 1IRIRKEL /INYVYER
71/ LEVYW QEQTY QIRKLEWMPOER PYPYWER FIVOYEPMXEW WIVXE WMET OSQTIXMWM
HEPEQ TIVWEMRKER HEPEQ EVXM PYPYWERR]E QIQMPMOM OSQTIXIRWM HEPEQ FMHERK
OIELPMERR]EWIVXEHETEXHMWIVETSPILHYRMEYWELEHERHYRMEMRHYWXVM

+EQFEV8IQE4IQFERKYRER4IRHMHMOER

2
B
A
B
/IFIVEHEER 71/ FIVXYNYER YRXYO QIR]METOER XIREKE OIVNE XMRKOEX

I
QIRIRKEL]ERKFIVXERKKYRKNE[EFHERFIVOSQTIXIRTEHEFMHERKXIVXIRXY44
2S 8ELYR 3PIL OEVIRE MXY OYVMOYPYQ 71/ LEVYW HETEX
QIRNIQFEXERMERXEVEOIFYXYLERMRHYWXVMHIRKERTIWIVXEHMHMOWILMRKKEPYPYWER
QIQMPMOM OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK WIWYEM HIRKER XYRXYXER MRHYWXVM (ITHMOREW
&ER]EOWIHMOMXR]EPYPYWERHEVMWYEXY7IOSPEL1IRIRKEL/INYVYER]ERKHMWIVET
MRHYWXVMQIRKMRHMOEWMOEROIWIWYEMEROYVMOYPYQHIRKEROIFYXYLERMRHYWXVM

/IFYXYLER MRM WIPEVEW HIRKER OIFIVEHEER 1EW]EVEOEX )OSRSQM
%7)%21)% ]ERKWYHELFIVPEOYWINEO(IWIQFIVHERQIVYTEOERWEXY
XERXERKERFEVYYRXYOTIRHMHMOERHM-RHSRIWMEOLYWYWR]E71/]ERKRSXEFIRI
HMWMETOER WIFEKEM TIR]IHME TEWEV XIREKE OIVNE 1)% QIRYRXYX EHER]E skilled
labor HEPEQWIKEPEFMHERK&IFIVETEOEVEOXIVMWXMOHEVMXELETE[EPTIPEOWEREER
1)%]EMXYFree flow of goods, free flow of services, free flow of investment, free
flow of capital, free flow of skilled labor, priority integration sectors, food,
agriculture and foresty./SRHMWMXIREKEOIVNEHM-RHSRIWMEQEWMLHMHSQMREWMSPIL
PYPYWERTIRHMHMOERHEWEVHIRKERQIRGETEM HEVMTIRHYHYOFIOIVNEWEEXMRM
0YPYWER 71/ FIVOSRXVMFYWM WIFIWEV QEWML HM FE[EL PYPYWER 71% ]EMXY
TEHEFYPEREKYWXYW(MVIOXSVEX471/
&IVHEWEVOERLEWMPWYVZIM]ERKHMPEOYOERSPIL&ERO(YRMETEHEXELYR
TEVE TIRKYWELE QIR]EXEOER FEL[E TIVW]EVEXER TIRMRKOEXER
OIXIVEQTMPEREHER]EWXERHEVOYEPMXEW]ERKPIFMLXMRKKMPMRKOYRKERFMWRMW]ERK
PIFML OSQTIXMXMJ HER FIVSVMIRXEWM IOWTSV WIFEKEM TIQMGY YXEQE QIRMRKOEXR]E
TIVW]EVEXER OIVNE ,EP MRM WINEPER HIRKER GMXEGMXE -RHSRIWME YRXYO QIRNEHM
RIKEVEFIVTIRKLEWMPERXMRKKMXVIRQEOVSIOSRSQM%7)%2QIRMRKOEXR]EYTEL
HM 'MRE HER QIRMRKOEXR]E OIPEW QIRIRKEL ]ERK EOER QIRYRXYX TVSHYO HER
PE]ERER]ERKPIFMLFIVOYEPMXEW

3

+EQFEV,EWMP7YVZIM4IVYWELEER1IQFYXYLOER8IREKE8IVEQTMP
7YQFIV7OMPPWJSVXLI0EFSV1EVOIXMR-RHSRIWME;SVPH&ERO HEPEQ
6IRWXVE(MVIOXSVEX4IQFMREER71/

&IVHEWEVOER +EQFEV HM EXEW HMHYOYRK HIRKER OSRHMWM
1EW]EVEOEX )OSRSQM %7)%2 ]ERK QIQFYXYLOER skilled labor, QEOE WYHEL
QIRNEHMWIFYELOI[ENMFER FEKM71/YRXYOQEQTYQIR]IHMEOERPYPYWER]ERK
QEWYO OEXIKSVM skilled labor. 2EQYR OSRHMWM HM PETERKER QIRYRNYOOER
OSRXVEHMOWM FEL[E NYWXVY XIREKE OIVNE ]ERK FER]EO XIVWIVET EHEPEL PYPYWER
TIRHMHMOERHEWEVWIHERKOER71/]ERKQIVYTEOERTIRKLEWMPskilledlabor NYWXVY
QIRNEHMWEPELWEXYTIR]YQFERKXIVFIWEVERKOETIRKERKKYVERXIVFYOE
4
B
A
B
8EFIP4IRKERKKYVER8IVFYOE1IRYVYX4IRHMHMOER8IVXMRKKM]ERK(MXEQEXOER
I

Pendidikan Tertinggi 2013 2014 2015

No.
Yang Ditam atkan Februari Agustus Februari Agustus Februari Agustus
Tidak/belum pernah
1 112.435 81.432 134.040 74.898 124.303 55.554
sekolah

2 Tidak/belum tamat SD 523.400 489.152 610.574 389.550 603.194 371.542
3 SD 1.421.873 1.347.555 1.374.822 1.229.652 1.320.392 1.004.961
4 SLTP 1.821.429 1.689.643 1.693.203 1.566.838 1.650.387 1.373.919
5 SLTA Umum/SMU 1.874.799 1.925.660 1.893.509 1.962.786 1.762.411 2.280.029
6 SLTA Kejuruan/SMK 864.649 1.258.201 847.365 1.332.521 1.174.366 1.569.690
7 Akademi/Diploma 197.270 185.103 195.258 193.517 254.312 251.541
8 Universitas 425.042 434.185 398.298 495.143 565.402 653.586
Total 7.240.897 7.410.931 7.147.069 7.244.905 7.454.767 7.560.822

7YQFIV7YVZIM%RKOEXER/IVNE2EWMSREP7EOIVREW
LXXTFTWKSMHPMRO8EFIP7XEXMWZMI[MH

&IVHEWEVOER 8EFIP HM EXEW XVIRH TIRKERKKYVER XIVFYOE 708%
/INYVYER71/ XIVYW QIRKEPEQM OIREMOER HEVM XELYR LEP MRM
XIRXYR]E QIRNEHM WIFYEL TIQMOMVER YRXYO QIQFYEX WXVEXIKM OIFIVXIVMQEER
PYPYWER71/HMTEWEVOIVNEYXEQER]EHMIVE1)%]ERKWERKEXQIRKIHITEROER
skilled labor. 9RXYOQIRIRXYOERWXVEXIKM]ERKXITEXHME[EPMHIRKERQIQFYEX
4VSJMP/IWMETERSkilled Labor71/ HIRKERMRHMOEXSVTIRKIXELYEROIXIVEQTMPER
HERWMOETYRXYOOIQYHMERHMFYEXTIQIXEER71/FIVHEWEVOEROIWMETERSkilled
LaborR]EYRXYOHMFYEXWXVEXIKMTIQIGELERQEWEPELR]E

B. 4IVPYR]E4IR]YWYRER/YVMOYPYQ71/FIVWEQE(9(-
4IR]YWYRER OYVMOYPYQ 71/ FIVWEQE HIRKER (9(- MRM QIVYTEOER
WEPEL WEXY FIRXYO OIQMXVEER ]ERK QIRGIXEO WINYQPEL GIVMXE WYOWIW 7INEO
FIVPEOYR]E9RHERK9RHERK2SQSV8ELYR8IRXERK7MWXIQ4IRHMHMOER
2EWMSREP OIFMNEOER TIRKIQFERKER OYVMOYPYQ HMPEOYOER SPIL 8MRKOEX 7EXYER
4IRHMHMOER WIRHMVM ,EP MRM HMQEOWYHOER YRXYO QIRKSVMIRXEWMOER TIRHMHMOER
HIRKER OIFYXYLER OSRXIOW PSOEP HEVM QEWMRKQEWMRK HEIVEL HMQERE 7EXYER
8MRKOEX 4IRHMHMOER XIVWIFYX FIVEHE 2EQYR HIQMOMER TIQIVMRXEL TYWEX NYKE
XIXET QIQFIVMOER WXERHEV REWMSREP TIRHMHMOER YRXYO QI[YNYHOER XYNYER
TIRHMHMOER REWMSREP +EKEWER MRM OIQYHMER HMSTIVEWMSREPMWEWMOER SPIL
4IVEXYVER 4IQIVMRXEL 2SQSV 8ELYR XIRXERK 7XERHEV 2EWMSREP
4IRHMHMOER 4EHE 4EWEP 44 XIRXERK 7XERHEV 2EWMSREP 4IRHMHMOER
5
QIR]EXEOER FEL[E OYVMOYPYQ HMOIQFERKOER SPIL WEXYER TIRHMHMOER HIRKER
FIVTIHSQERTEHETIHSQER&EHER2EWMSREP7XERHEV4IRHMHMOER&274 /874
QIVYTEOEROYVMOYPYQSTIVEWMSREP]ERKHMWYWYRHERHMPEOWEREOERSPILQEWMRK
QEWMRK WEXYER TIRHMHMOER ]ERK HMOIQFERKOER HIRKER QIPMFEXOER TIQERKOY
OITIRXMRKER7IOSPEL7INEOXELYR71/=48 /SXE8IKEPQIRIVETOERETE
yang mereka sebut sebagai Kurikulum Terintegrasi yang QIVYTEOER LEWMP
TIVTEHYERERXEVEOYVMOYPYQREWMSREPHEROYVMOYPYQMRHYWXVM]ERKHMVERGERKSPIL
48%WXVE(EMLEXWY1SXSV%(1 /IWITEOEXERTIRIVETEROYVMOYPYQMRMPERKWYRK
HMXERHEXERKMSPIL(MREW4IRHMHMOER4VSZMRWM.E[E8IRKELHERNYKEFIVPEOYFEKM
71/71/ PEMR HM .E[E 8IRKEL ]ERK QIQMPMOM NYVYWER SXSQSXMJ HER XIORMO
OIRHEVEERVMRKER/YVMOYPYQ8IVMRXIKVEWMMRMHMVERGERKFIVWEQESPILKYVYKYVY
71/ HIRKER MRHYWXVM SXSQSXMJ ERH FIVLEWMP QIR]IPEVEWOER OYVMOYPYQ REWMSREP
HIRKEROIFYXYLERMRHYWXVM&IPENEVHEVMOIFIVLEWMPERHM.E[E8IRKELOIVNEWEQE
71/HIRKER48%WXVE(EMLEXWY1SXSVOIQYHMERHMOIQFERKOERNYKEHMFIVFEKEM
TVSZMRWM PEMR WITIVXM .E[E FEVEX .E[E 8MQYV /EPMQERXER 8MQYV HER PEMRPEMR
'IVMXE WYOWIW PEMR XIRXERK FEKEMQERE (9(- QIQFMRE 71/ HMXYRNYOOER SPIL
OIKMEXER 'MWGS %GEHIQ] ]ERK QIVYTEOER OIKMEXER 'SVTSVEXI 7SGMEP
6IWTSRWMFMPMX]'76 HEVM48'MWGS7]WXIQ-RHSRIWME4IVYWELEER]ERKFIVKIVEO
HMFMHERKNEVMRKERHEROSQYRMOEWMXIORSPSKMMRMQIQFERXYWINYQPEL71/YRXYO
QIRKMRXIKVEWMOEROYVMOYPYQ]ERKHMWYWYRSPIL'MWGS7]WXIQHIRKEROYVMOYPYQ
REWMSREP ,MRKKE TEHE XELYR XIVHETEX 71/ ]ERK EOXMJ FIOIVNEWEQE
HIRKER'MWGS%GEHIQ]YRXYOQIPEOYOERTIRKOMRMEROYVMOYPYQHERQIPEOYOER
FIVFEKEM TIRKIQFERKER OETEWMXEW XIVQEWYO HEPEQ TIPEXMLER KYVY -RMWMEXMJ
(9(- YRXYO QIRKIQFERKOER 71/ ]ERK QEQTY QIRGIXEO PYPYWER WIWYEM
OIFYXYLERMRHYWXVMNYKEHMXYRNYOOERSPILTIQFERKYRER71/1MXVE-RHYWXVMTEHE
XELYRSPIL=E]EWER1MXVE-RHYWXVM1ERHMVMHM&IOEWM/E[EWER-RHYWXVM11
QIRNEHM WEPEL WEXY TIRKIPSPER]E 71/ 1MXVE -RHYWXVM HMFIRXYO WIPEVEW
HIRKER LEVETER (9(- XIVQEWYO HEPEQ LEP TIQFERKYRER OEVEOXIV WMW[E
.YVYWER NYKE HMFYEX WIWYEM TIVQMRXEER TIVYWELEERTIVYWELEER HM OE[EWER
XIVWIFYX (EVM PYPYWER ERKOEXER TIVXEQE PERKWYRK HMXIVMQE HM
FIVFEKEM TIVYWELEER 7IPIFMLR]E EHE ]ERK FIV[MVEYWELE PERNYX OYPMEL EXEY
FIVERKOEXOI.ITERK(IYXÎ+IWWIPWGLEJX*YV-RXIVREXMSREPI

C. 1YXY71/HM-RHSRIWME
1YXY+YVY
4IR]IPIRKKEVEER TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER ]ERK FIVOYEPMXEW LEVYW
QEQTYWINEPERHIRKERTIVOIQFERKERMPQYTIRKIXELYERHERXIORSPSKMWIVXE
HMREQMOE OIFYXYLER XIREKE OIVNE +YVY WIFEKEM TIPEOWERE OIKMEXER
TIQFIPENEVERHMWIOSPELQIQMPMOMXERKKYRKNE[EFYRXYOQEQTYFIVEHETXEWM
HIRKERFIVFEKEMTIVOIQFERKER]ERKGITEXHERXYRXYXERWXERHEV]ERKQEOMR
6
B
A
B
XMRKKM7IGEVEYQYQOYVERKR]EKYVY]ERKFIVOYEPMXEWHMWXVMFYWMKYVY]ERK
I
XMHEO QIVEXE HM FIVFEKEM [MPE]EL -RHSRIWME WIVXE FIPYQ XIVTIRYLMR]E
OIFYXYLERKYVYTVSHYOXMJQIVYTEOERFIFIVETEXERXERKERYXEQEXIVOEMXKYVY
HM 71/ WEEX MRM .MOE HMXIPYWYVM PIFML PERNYX TIVQEWEPELER QYXY KYVY HM
TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER NYKE XIVOEMX HIRKER FIFIVETE LEP 4IVXEQE QEWML
XIVHETEX KYVY 71/ FIPYQ QIQIRYLM OYEPMJMOEWM EOHIQMO WITIVXM ]ERK
HMEQEREXOER SPIL 9RHERKYRHERK 2S XELYR XIRXERK +YVY HER

(SWIRHER4IVEXYVER4IQIVMRXEL2SXELYRXIRXERK+YVY1IRYVYX
OIHYETIVEXYVERXIVWIFYXOYEPMJMOEWMEOEHIQMOFEKMKYVYEHEPEL7EXEY(-:
%OER XIXETM TEHE XELYR WIOMXEV HEVM KYVY 71/ QEWML QIQMPMOM
OYEPMJMOEWMEOEHIQMOHMFE[EL7(-:4VSTSVWMMRMPIFMLFIWEVHEVMTEHEKYVY
71%]ERKNYKEFIVOYEPMJMOEWMEOEHIQMOHMFE[EL7(-: /IHYEQEWML
FER]EOOIVEKYERXIVLEHETOSQTIXIRWMKYVY71/OEVIRELEWMPYNMOSQTIXIRWM
QIRYRNYOERQEWMLFER]EOKYVY]ERKFIPYQQIRGETEMWXERHEVOSQTIXIRWM
]ERK HMXIXETOER 7IPEMR MXY KYVY XMHEO WIPEPY QIQMPMOM OSQTIXIRWM OIELPMER
]ERKWIWYEMHIRKERQEXETIPENEVER]ERKHMEQTYR]E/IXMKEQEWMLFER]EO
KYVY]ERKXMHEOQIRKYEWEMTIRKKYREERXIORSPSKMMRJSVQEWMHEROSQYRMOEWM
8-/
4IQFIPENEVER HM 71/ ]ERK QIRKYXEQEOER TIRKYEWEER
OSQTIXIRWM QIQFYXYLOER TEVE TIRHMHMO ]ERK QIQELEQM TIVOIQFERKER
YWELEHERMRHYWXVMHMPYEVWIOSPEL3PILWIFEFMXYTIRKEPEQERTEVEKYVY71/
YRXYO XIVNYR PERKWYRK HEPEQ OIKMEXER HM MRHYWXVM QIRNEHM WERKEX TIRXMRK
%TEPEKM QEKERK HM (9(- QIVYTEOER WEPEL WEXY GEVE ]ERK WERKEX TIRXMRK
YRXYO TIRKOMRMER OSQTIXIRWM 1EKERK KYVY HM TIVYWELEER NYKE HETEX
QIRKYEXOER OIVNEWEQE 71/ ]ERK FIVWERKOYXER HIRKER (9(- YRXYO
OIKMEXER4VEOIVMRWMW[E/IVNEWEQE71/HER(9(-HEPEQFIRXYOQEKERK
KYVYXIPELXIVMRXIKVEWMOERHEPEQMRWXVYQIREOVIHMXEWM71/HEPEQ7XERHEV
4IRKIPSPEER EOERXIXETMHEXEXIRXERKTIRKEPEQERMRHYWXVMKYVY71/FIPYQ
XIVWIHMEWIGEVEWMWXIQEXMW(EXEMRMHMFYXYLOERYRXYOQIQIXEOEROIFYXYLER
TIQFMREER KYVY EKEV PIFML PIFML QEQTY QIRXVERWJIV MRJSVQEWM WIVXE
OIXIVEQTMPER WIWYEM TIVOIQFERKER XIORSPSKM XIVFEVY HM TIVYWELEER
TIVYWELEER7IGEVEYQYQ71/LEVYWQIRKEQFMPMRMWMEXMJYRXYOQIQFYOE
TIPYERKQEKERKKYVYHMTIVYWELEER1MREXHEVM(9(-QEWMLFIPYQSTXMQEP
YRXYOQIRKIQFERKOEROIKMEXERQEKERKKYVY71/QIRNEHMOIKMEXER]ERK
FIVQERJEEXYRXYOTIVYWELEER7IOEPMTYREHEOIWEHEVERYRXYOQIRNEHMOER
QEKERKKYVYHMTIVYWELEERWIFEKEMOIKMEXER]ERKXIVWXVYOXYVQERENIQIR
WIOSPEL XMHEO WIPEPY QEQTY QIPEOWEREOERR]E /IRHEPE YXEQE HEPEQ
TIPEOWEREER TVSKVEQ QEKERK XIVWIFYX EHEPEL QEWML XIVFEXEWR]E TIPYERK
QEKERK HM (9(- %OMFEXR]E TIPEOWEREER TVSKVEQ QIRNEHM XMHEO FIVOEPE
WIVXEXIVKERXYRKTEHETEHEMRJSVQEWMHEVM(9(-EXEYMRMWMEXMJKYVY

7
1YXY7MW[E
(IYXÎ +IWWIPWGLEJX *YV -RXIVREXMSREPI QIRNIPEWOER
FEL[E1YXYPYPYWER71/WIGEVEMHIEPHMXIRXYOERFIVHEWEVOERTIRKYEWEER
EXEW WYEXY WXERHEV OSQTIXIRWM OIVNE 7XERHEV /SQTIXIRWM /IVNE 2EWMSREP
-RHSRIWME HER WIPERNYXR]E HIRKER FIVHEWEVOER WXERHEV OSQTIXIRWM
XIVWIFYX HMVYQYWOER WYEXY WMWXIQ TIRKYNMER HER WIVXMJMOEWM 2EQYR
HIQMOMER WEQTEM HIRKER WEEX MRM FIPYQ WIQYE TVSKVEQ OIELPMER HM 71/
XIPEL XIVWIHME 7//2-R]E HER FIFIVETE 7//2- ]ERK WYHEL EHE FIPYQ
XIVIJPIOWMOERHEPEQOYVMOYPYQ71/&IFIVETEYTE]EXIPELHMPEOYOERYRXYO
QIQMRMQEPMWEWM OIWIRNERKER OSQTIXIRWM OIVNE PYPYWER 71/ HIRKER
OIFYXYLERHYRMEYWELEHYRMEMRHYWXVMERXEVEPEMRQIPEPYMTIR]YWYRERWOIQE
WIVXMJMOEWMFEKMPYPYWER71/HIRKERQIPMFEXOEREWSWMEWMTVSJIWMHER(9(-
QEYTYRTIPEOWEREERYNMOSQTIXIRWM(EPEQVERKOEQIQFIOEPMPYPYWER71/
HIRKER WIVXMJMOEX OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMEOYM HYRME YWELEHYRME MRHYWXVM
WILMRKKEPYPYWER71/XIVWIFYXQIQMPMOMHE]EWEMRK]ERKXMRKKMQEOEWINEO
XELYR (MX 4IQFMREER 71/ /IQHMOFYH HIRKER &EHER 2EWMSREP
7IVXMJMOEWM4VSJIWM&724 XIPELQIPEOWEREOEROIKMEXERTIRKIQFERKER71/
QIRNEHM 0IQFEKE 7IVXMJMOEWM 4MLEO 4IVXEQE 074 4 %HETYR PMRKOYT
OIKMEXER TIRKIQFERKER 71/ QIRNEHM 0744 XIVHMVM HEVM M JEWMPMXEWM
TIVWMETER HER TIPEXMLER EWIWSV OSQTIXIRWM MM TIR]METER 8IQTEX 9NM
/SQTIXIRWM89/ MMM TIR]METERQEXIVM9NM/SQTIXIRWMWIVXEMZ TIPEXMLER
TIR]YWYRER HER TIRIVETER HSOYQIR QYXY 2ERXMR]E WIXMET GEPSR PYPYWER
71/ EOER QIRKMOYXM YNM OSQTIXIRWMWIVXMJMOEWM OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK
HMPEOWEREOER HM 0744 HM WIOSPEL QEWMRKQEWMRK EXEY TEHE 0744 71/
XIVHIOEX.MOEPYPYWYNMOSQTIXIRWMEOERQIRHETEXOERWIVXMJMOEXWIFEKEMFYOXM
TIRKEOYER EXEW OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMQMPMOMR]E 4IQFIRXYOER 0744
HMPEOYOERHIRKERWXVEXIKMWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
E 4IRHIOEXER EVIE NMOE HM WYEXY [MPE]EL XIVHETEX FIFIVETE 71/ ]ERK
FIPYQ QIQMPMOM 0744 QEOE EOER HMOIQFERKOER WEXY 0744 ]ERK
WIPERNYXR]EHETEX HMQERJEEXOERSPILWIQYE71/]ERKEHEHM[MPE]EL
XIVWIFYX
F 4IQFIRXYOER 0744 HMJSOYWOER TEHE WIOSPEL ]ERK QIQMPMOM WMW[E "
WEEX MRM 71/ ]ERK QIQMPMOM WMW[E " EHE WIOMXEV 71/
HIRKER NYQPEL XSXEP WMW[E WIFIWEV XSXEP HEVM NYQPEL WMW[E 71/
WIPYVYL-RHSRIWME

2ERXMR]E NMOE TIQFIRXYOER 0744 WYHEL QIQIRYLM OIFYXYLER
QEOE 9NM /SQTIXIRWM /IELPMER 9// HETEX HMKERXMOER HIRKER 9NM
/SQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMPEOWEREOER SPIL 0744 HMQERE FME]E WIVXMJMOEWM EOER
HMWYFWMHM TIQIVMRXEL QIPEPYM HERE &ERXYER 3TIVEWMSREP 7IOSPEL &37
7EQTEM HIRKER XELYR TIPEOWEREER YNM WIVXMJMOEWM HMTVMSVMXEWOER TEHE
8
B
A
B
TEHE TVSKVEQOIELPMER HIRKER TVSKVEQOIELPMERHMERXEVER]EQEWYO

I
HEPEQ WIOXSV TVMSVMXEW 1)% ]EMXY /ITEVM[MWEXEER 8EXE &SKE 8EXE
/IGERXMOER 8EXE &YWERE /IYERKER %HQMRMWXVEWM 8IORMO 1IWMR 8IORMO
3XSQSXMJ8IORSPSKM8IOWXMP8IORMO/MQME8IORMO/SQTYXIVHER-RJSVQEXMOE
HER8IORMO8IPIOSQYRMOEWM

1YXY4VSWIW

7XERHEV 2EWMSREP 4IRHMHMOER WIFEKEMQERE XIPEL HMWIFYXOER
HEPEQ 9RHERK 9RHERK 2SQSV 8ELYR XIRXERK 7MWXIQ 4IRHMHMOER
2EWMSREP TEWEP QIRGEOYT WXERHEV MWM TVSWIW OSQTIXIRWM PYPYWER
TIRHMHMO XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER WEVERE HER TVEWERE TIRKIPSPEER
TIQFME]EER HER TIRMPEMER TIRHMHMOER 7XERHEV MRMPEL ]ERK HMKYREOER
WIFEKEMHEWEVHEPEQTIRKIQFERKEROYVMOYPYQXIREKEOITIRHMHMOERWEVERE
HER TVEWEVERE TIRKIPSPEER HER TIQFME]EER XIVQEWYO OI[MVEYWELEER HM
WIOSPEL
8VMWRS 1EVXSRS HOO QIPEOYOER TIRIPMXMER HIRKER NYHYP
Pengembangan Mutu Proses Pembelajaran Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas
Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK RujukanQIQFIVMOERLEWMPFEL[E7XERHEV4VSWIW
4IQFIPENEVER QIQMPMOM TIRKEVYL WIGEVE PERKWYRK HEPEQ QIRMRKOEXOER
OYEPMXEWLEWMPFIPENEVWMW[E71/6YNYOER7XERHEV4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVERNYKE
QIQMPMOMTIRKEVYLXMHEOPERKWYRKXIVLEHETTIRMRKOEXEROYEPMXEWLEWMPFIPENEV
WMW[E71/6YNYOERQIPEPYMWXERHEVTIRMPEMER
Berdasarkan hasil komputasi pemilihan model regresi terbaik
TEHETIRIPMXMERHMEXEWHMTIVSPILLEWMPFEL[EHEVMPMQEZEVMEFIPFIFEW]ERK
OIQYRKOMRERFIVTIRKEVYLXIVLEHETTIQIRYLERWXERHEVTVSWIWHERWXERHEV
TIRMPEMER ]EMXY WXERHEV MWM WXERHEV 48/ WXERHEV WEVTVEW WXERHEV
TIRKIPSPEERHERWXERHEVTIQFME]EERXIVR]EXELER]EZEVMEFIPWXERHEVMWMHER
WXERHEVTIRKIPSPEER]ERKFIVTIRKEVYLXIVLEHETWXERHEVTVSWIW7IHERKOER
ZEVMEFIP ]ERK FIVTIRKEVYL XIVLEHET WXERHEV TIRMPEMER EHEPEL WXERHEV 48/
WXERHEVWEVTVEWHERWXERHEVTIRKIPSPEER
,EWMP XIVWIFYX QIRKMRHMOEWMOER FEL[E YRXYO TIRKIQFERKER
QYXY TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WXERHEV TVSWIW HER WXERHEV TIRMPEMER HETEX
HMXMRNEY HEVM WYHYX TERHERK WXERHEV MWM WXERHEV 48/ WXERHEV WEVTVEW HER
WXERHEV TIRKIPSPEER ,EP XIVWIFYX WIWYEM HIRKER TEVEHMKQE FEL[E YRXYO
QIRGMTXEOER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK OVIEXMJ TIVPY HYOYRKERTIVER KYVY
OYVMOYPYQHERWEVERETVEWEVEREWITIVXMHMKEQFEVOERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
9

+EQFEV(YOYRKER4IQFIPENEVER/VIEXMJ
7YQFIV8VMWRS1EVXSRS

1YXY71/
4IRNEQMRER QYXY HMPEOYOER HEPEQ VERKOE TIRMRKOEXER QYXY
WEXYER EXEY TVSKVEQ TIRHMHMOER EKEV HETEX QIQIRYLM WXERHEV QYXY
TIRKIPSPEERWIGEVEOSRWMWXIRHERFIVOIPERNYXER7EEXMRMTIRNEQMRERQYXY
WEXYER EXEY TVSKVEQ TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER HMPEOWEREOER HIRKER
QIRKKYREOER WMWXIQ EOVIHMXEWM ,EP XIVWIFYX QIRKEGY TEHE 99 2SQSV
XIRXERK 7MWXIQ 4IRHMHMOER 2EWMSREP TEWEP ]ERK QIR]EXEOER
FEL[E EOVIHMXEWM HMPEOYOER YRXYO QIRIRXYOER OIPE]EOER TVSKVEQ HER
WEXYERTIRHMHMOERHERHMPEOYOERSPILTIQIVMRXELHEREXEYPIQFEKEQERHMVM
]ERK FIV[IRERK 7IPERNYXR]E 4IVQIRHMOREW RS XIRXERK 7MWXIQ
4IRNEQMRER 1YXY 4IRHMHMOER TEWEP E]EX QIR]EXEOER FEL[E
TIRNEQMRERQYXYTIRHMHMOERFIVXYNYERYRXYOQIQIRYLM7XERHEV4IPE]ERER
1MRMQEP 741 7XERHEV 2EWMSREP 4IRHMHMOER 724 HER WXERHEV QYXY
TIRHMHMOERHMEXEW724-RWXVYQIREOVIHMXEWMXIVFEVY71/]ERK HMXIVFMXOER
SPIL&EHER%OVIHMXEWM2EWMSREP7IOSPEL1EHVEWEL&%271 QIVYNYOTEHE
TIQIRYLER 7XERHEV 2EWMSREP 4IRHMHMOER 724 &IVHEWEVOER HEXE LEWMP
EOVIHMXEWM TEHE WEXYER HER TVSKVEQ TIRHMHMOER 71/ ]ERK XIPEL HMPEOYOER
SPIL &%271 WEQTEM HIRKER EOLMV XELYR HEVM 71/ WEEX MRM
10
B
A
B
WYHEL71/XIVEOVIHMXEWMHIRKERVMRGMERWINYQPEL XIVEOVIHMXEWM%
I
XIVEOVIHMXEWM & HER XIVEOVIHMXEWM ' 7IPIRKOETR]E XEQTEO TEHE
+EQFEV
JENJANG PENDIDIKAN SMK

BERDASAR PERINGKAT AKREDITASI

TT 71
C 590
Akreditasi
B 2,488
A 3,042
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

+EQFEV.IRNERK4IRHMHMOER71/&IVHEWEV4IVMRKOEX%OVIHMXEWM
7YQFIVLXXTFERWQSVMHEOVIHMXEWMVIOETMXYPEWMHMSPEL

/IXIVERKER
% %OVIHMXEWM%
& %OVIHMXEWM&
' %OVIHMXEWM'
88 8MHEO8IVEOVIHMXEWM
2MPEMEOVIHMXEWMFIVOMWEVERXEVEHIRKERVMRGMERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
%OVIHMXEWM%!
%OVIHMXEWM&!
%OVIHMXEWM'!
9RXYOLEWMPEOVIHMXEWMHIRKERRMPEMHMFE[ELHMERKKETXMHEOXIVEOVIHMXEWM
88

7IGEVE YQYQ WIOSPEL XIPEL QIQELEQM TIRXMRKR]E EOVIHMXEWM
YRXYOQIRYQFYLOEROIWEHEVER[EVKEWIOSPELYRXYOQIRMRKOEXOEROMRIVNE
2EQYR HIQMOMER HEPEQ TIPEOWEREERR]E QEWML HMXIQYM FEL[E LEWMP
EOVIHMXEWM XIVR]EXE FIPYQ QIRNEQMR QYXY WYEXY WEXYER EXEY TVSKVEQ
11
TIRHMHMOER 4VSWIW EOVIHMXEWM PIFML FER]EO HMMLEX HER HMXMXMOFIVEXOER TEHE
TIQIRYLER OIPIRKOETER HSOYQIR TIQFYEXER FYOXMFYOXM JMWMO HEVM TEHE
TVSWIWTIRMRKOEXERQYXY HEROMRIVNEWIOSPEL WIGEVEFIVOIPERNYXER(EPEQ
LEPMRMTVSWIWEOVIHMXEWMFIPYQWIGEVESTXMQEPFIVJYRKWMWIFEKEMMRWXVYQIR
TIRNEQMRERQYXYWEXYEREXEYTVSKVEQTIRHMHMOER4IVMRKOEXEOVIHMXEWM]ERK
HMTIVSPILWEXYEREXEYTVSKVEQTIRHMHMOERPIFML HMQERJEEXOERYRXYOYRXYO
QIREVMO QMREX QEW]EVEOEX XIVYXEQE GEPSR WMW[E HER SVERK XYE YRXYO
QIRKMVMQ EREOR]E FIVWIOSPEL HM 71/ ]ERK FIVWERKOYXER 7IPEMR WMWXIQ
TIRNEQMRER QYXY ]ERK HMPEOWEREOER SPIL &%271 WEEX MRM WEXYER
TIRHMHMOER NYKE XIVXEVMO YRXYO QIRIVETOER WXERHEV QYXY ]ERK HMXIVFMXOER
TMLEO PEMR 7INYQPEL 71/ NYKE QIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOER -73 ]ERK
QIVYTEOERWXERHEVMRXIVREWMSREPXIRXERKWMWXIQQERENIQIRQYXY2EQYR
HIQMOMERYTE]EMRMXMHEOWIPEPYHMRMPEMTSWMXMJWEXYERTIRHMHMOERHMRMPEMLER]E
QIRGYOYTOER HMVM EKEV HETEX QIQIRYLM TIVW]EVEXERTIVW]EVEXER -73
WEQTEMQIRHETEXWIVXMJMOEX9TE]ETIRMRKOEXERQYXYTVSHYOWIGEVEIJIOXMJ
HERXIVYWQIRIVYWWITIVXMLEVETEROSRWYQIRNYWXVYXMHEOWIPEPYXIVTIRYLM
7IPEMR MXY FME]E YRXYO QIPEOWEREOER -73 LMRKKE QIRHETEXOER
WIVXMJMOEWM TIQERXEYER WIVXE VIWIVXMJMOEWM VIPEXMJ FIWEV LEP MRM WIVMRKOEPM
QIRNEHMFIFEROIYERKERFEKMWEXYERTIRHMHMOER7IFEKEMWYEXYWYFWMWXIQ
TIRHMHMOER ]ERK HMXYRXYX QIRKLEWMPOER PYPYWER ]ERK QIQMPMOM OSQTIXIRWM
]ERKWIWYEMHIRKEROIFYXYLER(9(-WIPE]EOR]ETIRMPEMERQYXY71/NYKE
QIRKEGYTEHEWXERHEVHYRMEYWELEHYRMEMRHYWXVM3PILWIFEFMXYGEVEPEMR
]ERKHETEXHMTIVXMQFERKOERYRXYOQIPEOYOERTIRNEQMRERQYXY71/EHEPEL
HIRKERQIRKYOYVOITYEWEROSRWYQIRXIVLEHETPYPYWER71/

12
TUNTUTAN KETERAMPILAN SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN ABAD 21
A
B
II
13
&%&
892898%2/)8)6%14-0%27-7;%71/
%&%(

4IRHMHMOER OINYVYER OLYWYWR]E 71/ WIFEKEM TIRKLEWMP XIREKE OIVNE XMRKOEX
QIRIRKEL HIRKER OIXIVEQTMPER XIVXIRXY FIPYQ QIQFIVMOER ERKOE OIXIVWIVETER
TEHE HYRME OIVNE WIWYEM HIRKER ]ERK HMLEVETOER (EPEQ /SRJIVIRWM 4IVW
4IVXYQFYLER)OSRSQM/YEVXEP---XELYR7YLEVM]ERXSWIPEOY/ITEPE&EHER4YWEX
7XEXMWXMO &47 QIR]EQTEMOER FEL[E FIVHEWEVOER XMRKOEX TIRHMHMOERR]E ERKOE
TIRKERKKYVER XIVFIWEV EHEPEL PYPYWER 7IOSPEL 1IRIRKEL /INYVYER 71/
PYPYWER 7IOSPEL 1IRIRKEL %XEW 71% PYPYWER (MTPSQE --- PYPYWER
7IOSPEL 1IRIRKEL 4IVXEQE 714 PYPYWER 4IVKYVYER 8MRKKM HER
PYPYWER 7IOSPEL (EWEV 7( ,EP MRM XIRXY WENE XMHEO WINEPER HIRKER 9RHERK
9RHERK2SQSV8ELYRXIRXERK7MWXIQ4IRHMHMOER2EWMSREP7MWHMOREW ]ERK
HEPEQ TEWEP QIRNIPEWOER FEL[E TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER QIVYTEOER TIRHMHMOER
QIRIRKEL]ERKQIQTIVWMETOERTIWIVXEHMHMOXIVYXEQEYRXYOFIOIVNEHEPEQFMHERK
XIVXIRXY
6IRHELR]E OIXIVWIVETER XIREKE OIVNE PYPYWER 71/ HMWIFEFOER FIVFEKEM
OSQTSRIRHMERXEVER]E]EMXYOYVMOYPYQXIREKETIRKENEVMRJVEWXVYOXYVHEVMTIRHMHMOER
OINYVYER]ERKHMWIPIRKKEVEOER(EVMTMLEOTIR]IHMEPETERKEROIVNE]EMXY(YRME9WELE
HER (YRME -RHYWXVM (9(- QIRKIPYLOER EOER OYEPMJMOEWM PYPYWER 71/ ]ERK FIPYQ
WIWYEMHIRKERXYRXYXER(9(-WILMRKKEOSRWITlink and matchFIPYQXIVGETEM7IPEMR
MXY(9(-NYKEQIRKIPYLOERXIVNEHMR]EoverbalanceHERscarcityTEHEPYPYWERFMHERK
OIELPMER XIVXIRXY 7IFEKEM GSRXSL TSTYPEWM 71/ FMHERK OIELPMER FMWRMW HER
QERENIQIR HM -RHSRIWME WIFER]EO XMHEO WIFERHMRK HIRKER TSTYPEWM 71/
FMHERKOIELPMEROIWILEXERWIFIWEV HER71/FMHERKOIELPMERTIVMOERERHER
OIPEYXER ]ERK LER]E WIFIWEV 9RXYO MXY TIVPY EHER]E TIREXEER EXEY
VIWXVYOXYVMWEWM TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER FEMO HEVM OYVMOYPYQ XIREKE TIRKENEV TSTYPEWM
NYPEL HER NYKE MRJVEWXVYOXYVR]E EKEV HETEX QIRKLEWMPOER XIREKE OIVNE ]ERK WIWYEM
HIRKER TIVQMRXEER (9(- HIRKER OEXE PEMR TIR]IPIRKKEVEER TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER
]ERKWIQYPEQIRKKYREOERTIRHIOEXERsupply-driven QIRNEHMdemand-driven
/IQIRXIVMER 4IRHMHMOER HER /IFYHE]EER /IQHMOFYH 6ITYFPMO -RHSRIWME
TEHEXELYRXIPELQIPYRGYVOERWEPELWEXYTVSKVEQTVMSVMXEWR]E]EMXYVIZMXEPMWEWM
TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER (IRKER QIRKEGY TEHE -RTVIW 2SQSV 8ELYR XIRXERK
6IZMXEPMWEWM 7IOSPEL 1IRIRKEL /INYVYER HEPEQ 6ERKOE 4IRMRKOEXER /YEPMXEW HER
(E]E7EMRK7YQFIV(E]E1ERYWME-RHSRIWMEWIGEVEIOWTPMWMX4VIWMHIR.SOS;MHSHS
QIR]EQTEMOER IQTEX 71/ ]ERK HMNEHMOER TVMSVMXEW HEPEQ QIRMRKOEXOER
TIVXYQFYLER IOSRSQM -RHSRIWME ]EMXY 71/ FMHERK OIELPMER OIPEYXER TIVXERMER
TEVM[MWEXE HER MRHYWXVM OVIEXMJ 7EPEL WEXY TSMR TIRXMRK HEPEQ -RTVIW XIVWIFYX FEKM
/IQHMOFYHEHEPEL
14
TUNTUTAN KETERAMPILAN
INPRES RI Nomor 9 Tahun 2016

...Menyempurnakan dan menyelaraskan kurikulum SMK

HIRKEROSQTIXIRWMWIWYEMOIFYXYLERTIRKKYREPYPYWER

link and match)...

+EQFEV7EPEL7EXY4SMRHEPEQ-RWXVYOWM4VIWMHIRVITYFPMO-RHSRIWME
2SQSV8ELYR

9RXYO QI[YNYHOER link and match PYPYWER 71/ HIRKER TIVQMRXEER (9(-
QEOE TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HMPEOYOER TEHE TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER TIVPY QIRKEGY TEHE
B
XYRXYXEREXEYOVMXIVMEOIXVEQTMPERWMW[E71/]ERKHMFYXYLOERTEHEEFEH8IVHETEX
XMKE OIXIVEQTMPER YXEQE ]ERK HMNEHMOER framework TEHE TIQFIPENEVER EFEH
A
WIFEKEMQERE]ERKHMOYXMTHEPEQ21st century skills]EMXYlife and career skills, learning B
and innovation skills, dan information media and technology skills/IXMKEOIXIVEQTMPER
YXEQEXIVWIFYXHETEXHMKEQFEVOERHEPEQKEQFEVFIVMOYXMRM II

SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN ABAD 21

+EQFEVFramework for 21st Century Learning

15
/IXIVEQTMPER TIVXEQE ]ERK HMFYXYLOER TEHE WMW[E EFEH EHEPEL life and
career skills EXEY HETEX HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM OIXVEQTMPER HEPEQ OILMHYTER HER OEVMV
(EPEQ PMRKOYRKER OIVNE XMHEO LER]E HMFYXYLOER OIXIVEQTMPER FIVTMOMV WENE XIXETM
FEKEMQERE WISVERK MRHMZMHY HETEX FIVTIVMPEOY WERXYR HER WEPMRK FIVWMRIVKM HEPEQ
PMRKOYRKEROIVNER]E WITIVXMHIRKERVIOERWINE[EXHERNYKETMQTMRER/IXIVEQTMPER
HEPEQ OILMHYTER HER OEVMV TEHE EFEH HMXERHEM HIRKER PMQE MRHMOEXSV ]EMXY
JPIOWMFMPMXEWHEREHETXEWMMRMWMEXMJHEROIQERHMVMERself-direction OIXIVEQTMPERWSWMEP
HER PMRXEW FYHE]E TVSHYOXMZMXEW HER EOYRXEFMPMXEW WIVXE OITIQMQTMRER HER
XERKKYRKNE[EF
-RHMOEXSV ]ERK TIVXEQE HEPEQ life and career skills ]EMXY JPIOWMFMPMXEW HER
EHETEXEWM QIVYTEOER OIQEQTYER YRXYO QIR]IWYEMOER HMVM HIRKER GITEX XIVLEHET
OSRHMWM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE 4IR]IWYEMER HMVM HIRKER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE XMHEO LER]E
HMPEOYOER TEHE E[EP FIVKEFYRK HEPEQ HYRME OIVNE XIXETM QIVYTEOER TVSWIW ]ERK
XIVYWQIRIVYWHERFIVOIPERNYXEREXEYcontinuous process8IREKEOIVNE]ERKWYHEL
FIVKEFYRK TYPYLER XELYR HEPEQ WYEXY TIVYWELEER XIXET LEVYW QIPEOYOER TVSWIW
EHETXEWM ]ERK HETEX XIVNEHM OEVIRE TIVYFELER OIFMNEOER TIVKERXMER TMQTMRER HER
PEMRWIFEKEMR]E4IWIVXEHMHMO HERPYPYWER71/]ERKHMLEWMPOERHMLEVETOERQEQTY
FIVEHETXEWMHERJPIOWMFIPHEPEQPMRKOYRKEROIVNEWILMRKKEHETEXQIQFERKYRGMXVE
TSWMXMJTEHEPYPYWER71/WIPEMRXIVEQTMPTEHEFMHERKOIOLYWYWERXIVXIRXYXIXETMNYKE
QYHELFIVEHETXEWMHEPEQPMRKOYRKEROIVNE
-RHMOEXSV]ERKOIHYEHEPEQlife and career skills]EMXYMRMWMEXMJHEROIQERHMVMER
-RMWMEXMJ HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM OIQEQYER QIR]ENMOER MHI HER KEKEWER HEPEQ FIOIVNE
XERTE XIVTEOY TEHE XYKEW TSOSO HER JYRKWM ]ERK QIPIOEX HER
QIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOERR]E WIGEVE XYRXEW /IQERHMVMER HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM OIQEYER
HER OIQEQTYER YRXYO FIOIVNE WIGEVE QERHMVM WIWYEM HIRKER XYKEW TSOSO HER
JYRKWMR]E7IPEMRFIOIVNEWIGEVEQERHMVMOIQERHMVMERNYKEHMTIVPYOEROIQEYERHEVM
XIREKE OIVNE YRXYO QIRNEHM TIFIPENEV YRXYO HMVMR]E WIRHMVM self-directed learners
WILMRKKEHETEXQIRKIPSPE[EOXYHERFIFERTIOIVNEERWIGEVEIJIOXMJ0YPYWER71/
WIFEKEMXIREKEOIVNEXIVEQTMPXMRKOEX QIRIRKELXIRXYWENEHMLEHETOERTEHEFIFER
TIOIVNEER ]ERK GYOYT FIWEV HIRKER EHER]E MRMWMEXMJ HER OIQERHMVMER HMLEVETOER
HETEX QIQFERXY HEPEQ QIRKIPSPE FIFER TIOIVNEER ]ERK EHE -RMWMEXMJ HER
OIQERHMVMERXMHEOLER]EFIVQERJEEXFEKMMRHMZMHYWENEHEPEQOIVNEWEQEXMQHIRKER
EHER]E MRMWMEXMJ HER OIQERHMVMER EOER QIQYHELOER XIVGETEMR]E XYNYER XMQ WIGEVE
IJIOXMJHERIJMWMIR
-RHMOEXSV]ERKOIXMKEHEPEQlife and career skills]EMXYOIXIVEQTMPERWSWMEPHER
PMRXEWFYHE]E(EPEQMRWXMXYWMOIVNEXIVXIRXYTEWXMR]EEOERHMMWMSPILFIVFEKEMXIREKE
OIVNEHEVMFIVFEKEMPEXEVFIPEOERKWYOYEKEQEHERFYHE]EWIVXEXVEHMWM]ERKFIVFIHE
4IVFIHEERXIVWIFYXFYOERLER]E HMXIQYMTEHEMRWXMXYWMOIVNEWIQEXE HEPEQ FMHERK
OIELPMER TEVM[MWEXE OLYWYWR]E TIVLSXIPER XIRXY EOER FIVLEHETER PERKWYRK HIRKER
customerEXEYXEQYLSXIP]ERKFIVEWEPHEVMFIVFEKEMHEIVELHERRIKEVE]ERKFIVFIHE
9RXYOMXYHMTIVPYOERWYEXYOIXIVEQTMPERHEPEQFIVWSWMEPMWEWMHERQIQELEQMFYHE]E
16
PEMR FEMO HIRKER VIOER OIVNE WIVXEFTMLEO PEMRR]E HIRKER QIRKIHITEROER WMJEX
XIRKKERKVEWEHERQIRKLSVQEXM1EW]EVEOEX-RHSRIWMEHMOIREPHIRKERFYHE]EXMQYV
]ERKWERXYRHIRKERXMHEOQIRMRKKEPOERYRWYVOIEVMJERPSOEPPYPYWER71/LEVYWHETEX
QIQMPMOMOIXIVEQTMPERMRMEKEVHETEXFIVWEMRKHMEFEH]ERKWERKEXOSQTIXMXMJ
-RHMOEXSV ]ERK OIIQTEX HEPEQ life and career skills ]EMXY TVSHYOXMZMXEW HER
EOYRXEFMPMXEW4VSHYOXMZMXEWOIVNEHMEVXMOERWIFEKEMOIQEQTYERYRXYOQIRKLEWMPOER
TIOIVNEERHEVMYOYVER]ERKXIPELHMXIXETOER%OYRXEFMPMXEWHEPEQHYRMEOIVNEHMEVXMOER
WIFEKEMOIQEQTYERTIOIVNEYRXYOQIQTIVXERKKYRKNE[EFOERFIFERTIOIVNEER]ERK
XIPELHMTIVGE]EOER-QTPIQIRXEWMHEVMOIHYEOIQEQTYERMRMXIRXYWENEHETEXHMPMLEX
PERKWYRKHEPEQPMRKOYKEROIVNEYRXYOMQTPIQIRXEWMHEPEQTIQFIPENEVERHMWIOSPEL
B
HMVEWEOER EKEO WYPMX XIXETM HETEX HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HEPEQ 4VSKVEQ 4VEOXMO /IVNE
-RHYWXVM 4VEOIVMR 4VEOIVMR QIVYTEOER [EHEL YRXYO QIPEXML HER QIQFIRXYO
A
TVSHYOXMZMXEW HER EOYRXEFMPMXEW TIWIVXE HMHMO 71/ WILMRKKE OIHYE OIQEQTYER MRM B
HETEXHMQMPMOMSPILTIWIVXEHMHMOWIFEKEMQSHEPHEPEQQIRKLEHETMTIVWEMRKEREFEH
.MOETEHEWEEX4VEOIVMRTIWIVXEHMHMOWYHELQIREQTMPOERTVSHYOXMZMXEWHERNYKE II
EOYRXEFMPMXEW]ERKXMRKKMWERKEXHMQYRKOMROERTMLEO(9(-EOERPERKWYRKQIQMRXE
TIWIVXE HMHMO XIVWIFYX YRXYO FIVKEFYRK WIXIPEL QIRXEQEXOER TIRHMHMOER
OINYVYERR]E (EPEQ PMRKOYRKER OIVNE HEQTEO PERKWYRK HEVM TVSHYOXMZMXEW HER
EOYRXEFMMXEWHETEXFIVYTErewardNEFEXERQEYTYRFSRYW
-RHMOEXSV OIPMQE EXEY XIVEOLMV HEPEQ life and career skills EHEPEL NM[E
OITIQMQTMRER HER XERKKYRKNE[EF .M[E OITIQMQTMRER HER XERKKYRKNE[EF XMHEO

LEVYWHMQMPMOMSPILWISVERKTMQTMRERWENEXIXETMSPILWIXMETTIOIVNETEHEPIZIPETETYR
7IXMETMRHMZMHYLEVYWHETEXQIQMPMOMNM[EOITIQMQTMRERQMRMQEPYRXYOQIQMQTMRHMVM
WIRHMVM HMPERNYXOER HIRKER QIQMQTMR OIPSQTSO EXEY XMQ QEYTYR QIQMQTMR WXEJJ
EXEY TIVWSRMP .M[E OITIQMQTMRER HER XERKKYRKNE[EF HMLEVETOER WYHEL LEVYW
XIVFIRXYOWINEOFERKOYTIQFIPENEVERHM71/
/SQFMREWM HEVM PMQE MRHMOEXSV ]ERK EHE HEPEQ life and career skills
WIFEKEMQERE ]ERK XIPEL HMYVEMOER EOER QIQFIVMOER value added XIVWIRHMVM FEKM
XIREKE OIVNE PYPYWER 71/ 1IVIOE EOER QIRNEHM XIREKE OIVNE ]ERK FER]EO HMQMRXE
(9((-HERHMTVIHMOWM EOERQIQMPMOMOIWYOWIWER HEPEQOEVMV HEROILMHYTEROEVIRE
WYHEL QIQMPMOM FIOEP life and career skills &IVMOYX MRM EHEPEL MPYWXVEWM HEVM OIPMQE
MRHMOEXSVHEPEQlife and career skills

17
Fleksibiltas &
Adaptasi
LULUSAN SMK
MEMENUHI
TUNTUTAN ABAD 21 Inisiatif &
Kemandirian
LIFE &
CAREER
SKILLS
Kepemimpina
n& Keterampilan
Tanggungjaw Sosial
ab
Produktivitas
&
Akuntabilitas

+EQFEVLife and Career Skills for 21st Century

/IXIVEQTMPER OIHYE ]ERK HMFYXYLOER WMW[E EFEH EHEPEL learning and
innovation skillsEXEYHETEXHMEVXMOERWIFEKEMOIXVEQTMPERYRXYOFIPENEVHERFIVMRSZEWM
4IWIVXE HMHMO 71/ WYHEL HETEX HMOIREPOER HIRKER OIXIVEQTMPER MRM TEHE PMRKOYT
OIKMEXER FIPENEV QIRKENEV FEMO TEHE QEXE TIPENEVER XISVM QEYTYR TVEOXM -RHMOEXSV
HEPEQOIXIVEQTMPERMRMHMXERHEMHIRKERIQTEXMRHMOEXSVFour Cs'W ]EMXY
Critical thingking and problem solving;
Creativity and innovation;
Communication;
Collaboration
18
']ERKTIVXEQE]EMXYcritical thingking and problem solving.4IRIVETERFIVTMOMV
OVMXMW HER QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL FYOER WEEXR]E PEKM WIFEKEM WYEXY VIRGERE XIXETM
WYHEL LEVYW HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER HM 71/ &IVFEKEM QSHIP
TIQFIPENEVER ZEVMEXMJ ]ERK FIVTYWEX TEHE TIWIVXE HMHMO WIVXE QIHME TIQFIPENEVER
]ERKMRSZEXMJHETEXHMNEHMOERTMPMLERKYVYYRXYOQIRKOSRHMWMOERWMW[EFIVTMOMVOVMXMW
4SPE XIVWIFYX HMLEVETOER HETEX HMXIVETOER YRXYO WIPYVYL OIPSQTSO QEXE TIPENEVER
FEMOQEXETIPENEVERRSVQEXMJEHETXMJQEYTYRTVSHYOXMJ7IPEQEMRMTIWIVXEHMHMOHM
FERKOY 71/ HETEX QIRYRXEWOER OSQTIXIRWM MRXM HER OSQTIXIRWM HEWEV ]ERK XIPEL
HMXIXETOERXIXETMWIFEKMERFIWEVTIWIVXEHMHMOLER]EQIRGETEMXMRKOEXFIVTMOMVHEWEV
XMRKOEXcognitive' WEQTEMHIRKERcognitive' ]EMXYrememberunderstand
B
HERapply,ER]EWIHMOMXTIWIVXEHMHMOHMFERKOY71/]ERKHETEXQIRGETEMFIVTMOMV
XMRKOEX XMRKKM EXEY XMRKOEX cognitive ' WEQTEM HIRKER cognitive ' ]EMXY
A
analyze evaluate HER create 9RXYO MXY HMFYXYLOER OVIEXMJMXEW HER OIGIVHEWER KYVY B
71/ YRXYO QIRIVETOER QSHIP HER QIHME TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HETEX QIQJEWMPMXEWM
TIWIVXEHMHMOHEPEQFIVTMOMVOVMXMWHERQIQIGELOERQEWEPEL II
7IPEMRQSHIPHERQIHMETIQFIPENEVERIZEPYEWMTIQFIPENEVERWIFEKEMXELETER
]ERKXMHEOXIVTMWELOERHEVMTIQFIPENEVERNYKELEVYWQIRHYOYRKTIWIVXEHMHMOYRXYO
FIVTMOMVOVMXMWHEROIQEQTYERQIQIGELOERQEWEPEL+YVYLEVYWGIVQEXHERXITEX
HEPEQ QIRIRXYOER XIORMO IZEPYEWM ]ERK HMKYREOER YRXYO QIRKIXELYM OIFIVLEWMPER
TIQFIPENEVER /SRHMWM ]ERK HMNYQTEM WEEX MRM EHEPEL KYVY WYHEL
QIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOER QSHIP HER QIHME TIQFIPENEVER MRSZEXMJ XIXETM QEWML

QIRKKYREOER XIORMO TIRMPEMER OSRZIRWMSREP ]ERK XMHEO HMPIRKOETM HIRKER blueprint
WEQTEM HIRKER rubric TIRMPEMER WILMRKKE MRJSVQEWM OIFIVLEWMPER FIPENEV ]ERK
HMLEWMPOERQIQFIVMOERMRJSVQEWM]ERKFMEW&MEWR]EMRJSVQEWM]ERKHMLEWMPOERHETEX
HMPMLEXHEVMFIFIVETE71/]ERKQIQMPMOMWOSVXMRKKMTEHEYNMER]ERKHMWIPIRKKEVEOER
SPIL WIOSPEL HER QIRHETEXOER WOSV ]ERK PIFML VIRHEL TEHE YNMER ]ERK
HMWIPIRKKEVEOER WIGEVE REWMSREP 9RXYO MXY HMFYXYLOER OVIEXMJMXEW HER OIGIVHEWER
KYVY 71/ HEPEQ QIQMPML XIORMO TIRMPEMER ]ERK HMKYREOER OLYWYWR]E YRXYO QEXE
TIPENEVERTVEOXMO7YEXYXIORMOTIRMPEMER]ERRKPE]EOHEPEQEVXMZEPMHHERVIPMEFIPEOER
HETEX QIRKYQTYPOER MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HMFYXYLOER HEVM FIVPERKWYRKR]E TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER 71/ WIFEKEM TIR]IPIRKKEVE TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER LEVYW HETEX
QIRHIWEMR OIWIPYVYLER OSQTSRIR TIQFIPENEVER EKEV HETEX QIQJEWMPMXEWM TIWIVXE
HMHMO FIVTMOMV OVMXMW HER QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL WILMRKKE TSPE XIVWIFYX EOER
QIQFIRXYO TVMFEHM TIWIVXE HMHMO PYPYWER 71/ QIRNEHM TIOIVNE ]ERK WIREXMEWE
QIQMPMOMOIXIVEQTMPERFIVTMOMVOVMXMWHERQEQTYQIQIGELOERQEWEPEL
-RHMOEXSVOIHYEEXEY']ERKOIHYEHEPEQlearning and innovation skillsEHEPEL
creativity and innovation /VIEXMZMXEW HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM OIQEQTYER YRXYO
QIRKIQFERKOER MHI HER QIXSHI FEVY HEPEQ QIRIQYOER HER QIQIGELOER
QEWEPEL -RSZEXMJ HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM TIRIQYER WIWYEXY ]ERK FEVY 4IRHMHMOER
OINYVYER QYXPEO LEVYW QIRKKYREOER MRHMOEXSV MRM EKEV HETEX QIRKLEWMPOER XIREKE
OIVNE ]ERK WIWYEM HIRKER XYRXYXER OIQENYER EFEH FEMO HEVM WMWM TVSHYO ]ERK
19
HMLEWMPOER QEYTYR TIVMPEOY PYPYWERR]E (EVM WMWM TVSHYO ]ERK HMLEWMPOER NMOE WIXMET
FMHERKOIELPMER71/HETEXQIRKIOWTPSVTIWIVXEHMHMOYRXYOHETEXOVIEXMJHERMRSZEXMJ
XIVLEHET FMHERK OIELPMERR]E QEOE EOER HMLEWMPOER TVSHYO ]ERK YRMO HER HETEX
QIQTIVOYEXTIVXYQFYLERIOSRSQM(EPEQOYVYR[EOXYPMQEXELYRXIVEOLMVMRMWYHEL
GYOYTFER]EOTVSHYOOVIEXMJHERMRSZEXMJLEWMPOVIEWMTIWIVXEHMHMO71/WITIVXM
1SFMP)WIQOEOEV]E71/2IKIVM7YVEOEVXEHER71/;EVKE7YVEOEVXE
0'(VEOMXEROEV]E71/=488IKEP
1SFMP(MKHE]EOEV]E71/2IKIVM1EPERK
1SFMP6SWEOEV]E71/2IKIVM1EPERK
1SXSV&&+OEV]E71/1YLEQQEHM]EL/VEQEX
7EEXMRMTVSHYOFYEXERTIWIVXEHMHMO71/]ERKXIVIOWTSWLER]EXIVFEXEWTEHE
TVSHYO FMHERK OIELPMER XIORSPSKM HER VIOE]EWE (MLEVETOER OIHIPETER FMHERK
OIELPMER PEMRR]E OLYWYWR]E FMHERK OIELPMER EKVSFMWRMW HER EKVS XIORSPSKM WIVXE
FMHERKOIELPMERTIVMOERERHEROIPEYXERHETEXQIQFIVMOEROSRXVMFYWMFIVYTETVSHYO
]ERK HETEX QIQFERXY OIFYXYLER TEVE TIXERM HER RIPE]ER 8MHEO QIRYXYT
OIQYRKOMRERNYKEPYPYWER71/QIRKLEWMPOERMRSZEWMTVSHYO]ERKHETEXHMXIVETOER
WIWYEM HIRKER OIFYXYLER (9(- HER QEW]EVEOEX YQYQ 7IFEKEM GSRXSL .ITERK
WIFEKEM RIKEVE QENY HIRKER XMRKOEX QSFMPMXEW TIRHYHYO ]ERK GYOYT XMRKKM
QIQFYXYLOER OIGITEXER HEPEQ TIQIRYLER OIFYXYLER 4EHE LEQTMV WIQYE OSXE
FIWEVHM.ITERKHIRKERQIQEWYOOERWINYQPELYERKHIRKERRSQMREPXIVXIRXYTEHE
QIWMRTIRKLEWMPQEOEREREOERHMWENMOERFIVFEKEMQEGEQ QEOERERFEMO QEOERER
TIQFYOEYXEQEQEYTYRTIRYXYT.MOEHMXIPEELWIGEVEQIRHEPEQQIWMRTIRKLEWMP
QEOERER XIVWIFYX QIVYTEOER TIVTEHYER FMHERK OIELPMER XIORSPSKM HER VIOE]EWE
HIRKERFMHERKOIELPMERTEVM[MWEXEOLYWYWR]ETVSKVEQOIELPMERNEWEFSKE&IFIVETE
OSXE FIWEV HM -RHSRIWME HER HEIVEL TEVM[MWEXE XIRXY WENE QIQFYXYLOER TVSHYO
XIVWIFYX OEVIRE EOER QIQFERXY TIQIRYLER OIFYXYLER QEW]EVEOEX ]ERK QIQMPMOM
QSFMPMXEW XMRKKM HER TEVE XYVMW ]ERK QIQFYXYLOER OITVEOXMWER [EOXY 4IVFIHEER
OSRHMWM RIKEVE .IITERK HER -RHSRIWME ]ERK HMYVEMOER XIVWIFYX HETEX HMKEQFEVOER
HEPEQMPYWXVEWMKEQFEVFIVMOYXMRM

20

B

+EQFEV4IVFIHEERTIRNYEPERQEOERERHM-RHSRIWMEHER.ITERK
A
B
/SRHMWM HM -RHSRIWME FEMO HM OSXE FIWEV QEYTYR XMHEO QEWML HMNYQTEM
OIFIVEHEER TIHEKERK EWSRKER WIFEPMOR]E HM .ITERK QIWMR TIRKLEWMP QEOERER II
QIRNEHMWSPYWMQEW]EVEOEXHEPEQTIQIRYLEROIFYXYLERHIRKEROITEHEXEREOXMZMXEW
1IWMRTIRKLEWMPQEOERERFYOERYRXYOQIQFYEXTEVETIHEKERKEWSRKEROILMPERKER
TIOIVNEER XIXETM NYWXVY QIQFERXY TIVXYQFYLER IOSRSQM TIHEKERK EWSRKER TIVPY
HMFIVMOEROIXIVEQTMPERXIVXIRXYEKEVHETEXQIQIRYLMOIFYXYLERLMHYTQMRMQEPR]E
(MLEVETEO EHE OSPEFSVEWM ERXEV FMHERK OIELPMER 71/ HEPEQ QIRGMTXEOER WYEXY
TVSHYOMRSZEXMJ]ERKHETEXQIQFERXYHERQIQIRYLMOIFYXYLERLMHYTQEW]EVEOEX

-RHMOEXSVOIXMKEEXEY']ERKOIXMKEHEPEQlearning and innovation skillsEHEPEL
communication /IXIVEQTMPER OSQYRMOEWM QIVYTEOER OIGEOETER MRHMZMHY HEPEQ
QIR]EQTEMOERTIWERWIGEVEZIVFEPHERRSZIVFEP4IWERZIVFEPFIVYTEFELEWE]EMXY
WITIVERKOEXOEXE]ERKXIPELHMWYWYRWIGEVEXIVWXVYOXYVWILMRKKEQIRNEHMLMQTYRER
OEPMQEX ]ERK QIQTYR]EM EVXM 4IWER ZIVFEP ]ERK IJIOXMJ EOER QIRKLEWMPOER XMKE
JYRKWM ]EMXY YRXYO QIRKIXELYM WMOET HER TIVMPEOY YRXYO QIRKIQFERKOER MPQY
TIRKIXELYERHERTI[EVMWERRMPEMRMPEMFYHE]EWIVXEYRXYOQIR]YWYRWIFYELMHI]ERK
WMWXIQEXMW 4IWER RSR ZIVFEP FIVYTE FELEWE MW]EVEX ]ERK QIQMPMOM FIFIVETE JYRKWM
]EMXY QI]EOMROER WIWYEXY ]ERK HMYGETOER QIRYRNYOOER TIVEWEER HER IQSWM ]ERK
XMHEO FMWE HMYXEVEOER HIRKER OEXEOEXE QIRYRNYOOER NEXM HMVM HER QIREQFEL EXEY
QIPIRKOETM YGETERYGETER ]ERK HMVEWEOER FIPYQ WIQTYVRE 4IWIVXE HMHMO HER
PYPYWER71/XMHEOLER]EXIVEQTMPEOEROIELPMERXIVXIRXYWENEXIXETMNYKELEVYWHETEX
FIVFMGEVEWIGEVEOSQYRMOEXMJIJIOXMJHERIJMWMIR
8MHEO WIQYE MRHMZMHY QIQMPMOM personal style ]ERK PY[IW FIVOSQYRMOEWM
EHETYPE MRHMZMHY ]ERK QIQMPMOM personal style TIQEPY HER TIRHMEQ *SOYW
OIXIVEQTMPER FIVOSQYRMOEWM FYOER TEHE personal style QIPEMROER TEHE content
MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HMWEQTEMOER HEPEQ FIVOSQYRMOEWM 9RXYO MXY HMTIVPYOER OMEX
FIVOSQYRMOEWMWIGEVEIJIOXMJ]ERKHETEXHMPEOYOERHIRKERYTE]EFIVMOYXMRM

21
1IQERHERKPE[ERFMGEVE
4IQFMGEVEQIREXETOIRMRKPE[ERFMGEVER]ELEVYWHMLMRHEVMYRXYOQIREXETFSPE
QEXE PE[E FMGEVE WIGEVE PEQE OEVIRE HETEX QIR]IFEFOER XIVNEHMR]E
OIXIVWMRKKYRKER7IPEQEOSQYRMOEWMFIVPERKWYRKXMHEOQIRKLEHETOERXEXETER
OIEVELOEREREXEYOMVMHERQIREXETHIRKERTERHERKER]ERKXMHEOQEVELEXEY
WMRMW
7YEVEXIVHIRKEVWIGEVENIPEW
4IVGEOETER LEVYW QIQTIVLEXMOER OIVEW EXEY XMHEO WYEVE OIVEW FYOER FIVEVXM
FIVXIVMEO HER XXMHEO LER]E XIVHIRKEV WEQEVWEQEV -RXSREWM NYKE LEVYW
HMWIWYEMOER HIRKER QEOWYH HER XYNYER OSQYRMOEWM (IRKER HIQMOMER TIWER
EOERXIVWEQTEMOERWIGEVENIPEW
)OWTVIWM[ENEL]ERKQIR]IRERKOER
)OWTVIWM [ENEL QIVYTEOER KEQFEVER HEVM LEXM WIWISVERK YRXYO OIFIVLEWMPER
OSQYRMOEWMQEOETIVPYHMLMRHEVMYRXYOQIREQTMPOERIOWTVIWM[ENEL]ERKXMHEO
QIR]IRERKOER
8EXEFELEWE]ERKFEMO
4IRKKYREER FELEWE WIWYEM HIRKER PE[ER FMGEVER]E LEVYW HMWIWYEMOER XEXE
FELEWE]ERKHMKYREOEROIXMOEFIVFMGEVEHIRKERTMQTMRERVIOEROIVNEcustomer
HERPEMRWIFEKEMR]E
(IRKERQIQELEQMHERQIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOEROMEXXIVWIFYXHMLEVETOERTIWIVXEHMHMO
HER PYPYWER 71/ HETEX QIQMPMOM OIXIVEQTMPER FIVOSQYRMOEWM ]ERK HMXERHEM HIRKER
OIQEQTYER YRXYO QIPEOYOER HMWOYWM QIQTVIWIRXEWMOER LEWMP HMWOYWM
QIR]EQTEMOERTIRHETEXQIRNE[EFTIVXER]EERQIRYPMWOERLEWMPEOLMVHMWOYWMHER
EOXMJMXEWOSQYRMOEWMPEMRR]E
7IPEMR YVEMER ]ERK XIPEL HMWEQTEMOER XIRXERK OSRWIT OIXIVEQTMPER
OSQYRMOEWMXYRXYXEROIXIVEQTMPERWMW[EEFEHTEHEMRHMOEXSVOSQYRMOEWMEHEPEL
TIKYEWEERQYPXMFELEWE4IRKKYREERFELEWEEWMRKQYXPEOHMTIVPYOERTEHEWIPYVYL
FMHERKOIELPMER71/XMHEOLER]EFMHERKOIELPMERTEVM[MWEXEWENEXIXETMNYKEWIPYVYL
FMHERK 4IRKKYREERWYQFIVFIPENEV]ERKQIRKKYREOERFELEWEEWMRKTIRKKYREER
EPEX TVEOXMO ]ERK TEHE YQYQR]E WXERHEV STIVEWM TVSWIHYV QIRKKYREOER FELEWE
EWMRK(MLEVETOERFELEWE EWMRKHETEXHMOYEWMEFEMOWIGEVETEWMJQEYTYREOXMJSPIL
TIWIVXEHMHMOHERNYKEPYPYWER71/
-RHMOEXSV OIIQTEX HEPEQ learning and innovation skills EHEPEL collaboration
/SPEFSVEWM]ERKHMQEOWYHEHEPELOSRHMWMMRHMZMHYWEPMRKFIOIVNEWEQEYRXYOXYNYER
]ERK WEQE 1ERJEEX YXEQE HEVM OSPEFSVEWM EHEPEL QIRMRKOEXOER OIVNEWEQE HER
QIRKYVERKMNYQPELVYERK[EOXYSVERKWYQFIVHE]EHERFME]E(EPEQQIRKLEWMPOER
PYPYWER71/]ERKHETEXQIQIRYLMXYRXYXEREFEHTIRHMHMOEROINYVYERWIPEQEMRM
WYHELFIVOSPEFSVEWMHIRKERTMLEO(9(-HEPEQQIRKLEWMPOERPYPYWER71/]ERKXITEX
KYRE (EPEQ TVEOXMOR]E OSPEFSVEWM XIVWIFYX FIPYQ HMPEOYOER WIGEVE STXMQEP OEVIRE
QEWMLFER]EOPYPYWER71/]ERKXMHEO matching HIRKERXYRXYXER(9(-7IPERNYXR]E
YRXYOQIVZMXEPMWEWMTIRHMHMOEROINYVYEROSPEFSVEWMHMPEOYOERHEPEQXMRKOEXREWMSREP
22
4VIWMHIR 6ITYFPMO -RHSRIWME XIPEL QIRKMRWXVYOWMOER WIGEVE NIPEW FEL[E LEVYW EHE
OSPEFSVEWM ]ERK LEVQSRMW ERXEVE TMLEO ]ERK FIVWMRKKYRKER PERKWYRK HIRKER
TIRHMHMOEROINYVYER]EMXY
/IQIRXIVMER/SSVHMREXSV&MHERK4IQFERKYRER1ERYWMEHER/IFYHE]EER
/IQIRXIVMER(EPEQ2IKIVM
/IQIRXIVMER/IYERKER
/IQIRXIVMER4IRHMHMOERHER/IFYHE]EER
/IQIRXIVMER6MWIX8IORSPSKMHER4IRHMHMOER8MRKKM
/IQIRXIVMER4IVMRHYWXVMER
/IQIRXIVMER/IXIREKEOIVNEER
B
/IQIRXIVMER4IVLYFYRKER
/IQIRXIVMER/IPEYXERHER4IVMOERER
A
/IQRIXIVMER&EHER9WELE1MPMO2IKEVE B
/IQIRXIVMER)RIVKMHER7YQFIV(E]E1MRIVEP
/IQIRXIVMER/IWILEXER II
/ITEPE&EHER2EWMSREP7IVXMJMOEWM4VSJIWM
+YFIVRYVWIPYVYL4VSZMRWMHM-RHSRIWME
7IXMET /IQIRXIVMER &EHER XIVOEMX HER /ITEPE 4IQIVMRXELER HMLEVETOER HETEX
FIVOSPEFSVEWM WIGEVE LEVQSRMW WIWYEM HIRKER OETEWMXEWR]E QEWMRKQEWMRK YRXYO
QIRMRKOEXOEROYEPMXEWHERHE]EWEMRKWYQFIVHE]EQERYWMEOLYWYWR]EPYPYWER71/
/IIQTEX MRHMOEXSV HEPEQ learning and innovation skills WIPERNYXR]E HMOIREP

HIRKEREOVSRMQ'W]ERKOIXIVOEMXERR]EHETEXHMKEQFEVOERWITIVXMHMFE[ELMRM

CRITICAL THINGKING CREATIVITY &

& PROBLEM SOLVING INNOVATION

4Cs

COMMUNICATION

COLLABORATION

+EQFEV. Learning & Innovation Skills for 21st Century

23
/IXIVEQTMPEROIXMKE]ERKHMFYXYLOERWMW[EEFEHEHEPELinformation, media,
and technology skills EXEY HETEX HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM OIXVEQTMPER HEPEQ TIRKKYREER
MRJSVQEWMQIHMEHERXIORSPSKM/IXIVEQTMPERMRMWIGEVEWTIWMJMOHMYVEMOERHEPEQXMKE
MRHMOEXSV]EMXY
Information literacy;
Media literacy;
Information Communications Technology (ICT) literacy
-RHMOEXSV TIVXEQE ]EMXY information literacy WIGEVE WTIWMJMO HMYVEMOER HEPEQ
American Library Association (ALA) yang menyebutkan bahwa, information literacy is
a set of abilities requiring individuals to recognize when information is needed and have
the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effective needed information, kutipan tersebut
HETEX HMQEOREM WIFEKEM OIQEQTYER MRHMZMHY YRXYO QIRKIXELYM MRJSVQEWM ]ERK
HMFYXYLOER QIRIRXYOER QIRKIZEPYEWM WIVXE QIRKKYREOER MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HMGITEX
WIGEVEIJIOXMJ(IRKEROEXEPEMRHEPEQPMXIVEWMMRJSVQEWMXIVHETEXOIKMEXERQIRGEVM
QIRKIZEPYEWMQIRKKYREOER HER QIRGMTXEOER MRJSVQEWM-QTPIQIRXEWM information
literacy FYOER LER]E FIVYTE TIRKIXELYER HM TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER WENE XIXETM NYKE
HETEXHMMQTPIQIRXEWMOERTEHEHMVMWIRHMVMHEPEQPMRKOYRKEROIVNEOEVIREOIQEQTYER
YRXYO QIRKIPSPE MRJSVQEWM FIVPERKWYRK WIYQYV LMHYT 9RXYO MXY TIWIVXE HMHMO 71/
TIVPY HMFIVMOER [E[EWER QIRKIREM XELETER HEPEQ PMXIVEWM MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HETEX
HMYVEMOERHEPEQPMQETVSWIHYVFIVMOYXMRM
1IVYQYWOERQEWEPEL
(EPEQ QIRKKEPM MRJSVQEWM TIWIVXE HMHMO 71/ TIVPY HMPEXML FEKEMQERE
QIVYQYWOER QEWEPEL HEPEQ VERKOE QIRHETEXOER MRJSVQEWM /IKMEXER ]ERK
HMPEOYOER TEHE TVSWIHYV TIVYQYWER QEWEPEL EHEPEL TIWIVXE HMHMO QIPEOYOER
EREPMWMW WMXYEWM brainstroming QIRKENYOER TIVXER]EER HER TEHE EOLMVR]E
TIWIVXE HMHMO HETEX QIQZMWYEPMWEWMOER TIQMOMVERR]E HEPEQ FIRXYO mind
mapping
1IRKMHIRXMJMOEWMWYQFIVMRJSVQEWM
4VSWIHYVQIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMWYQFIVMRJSVQEWMQIVYTEOERTVSWIHYV]ERKQYHEL
HMPEOYOER XIVPIFML TEHE IVE OIXIVFYOEER HER OIQYHELER HEPEQ QIRKEOWIW
MRJSVQEWMWEEXMRM 4IVLEXMEROLYWYWHEPEQ QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMWYQFIVMRJSVQEWM
EHEPELZEPMHMXEWHEVMMRJSVQEWM]ERKHMTIVSPILOEVIREFER]EOXIVHETEXWYQFIV
MRJSVQEWM ]ERK XMHEO ZEPMH WITIVXM WYQFIV ]ERK XMHEO HETEX HMTIVGE]E
TIQIRKKEPERMRJSVQEWMHERPEMRWIFEKEMR]E4IWIVXEHMHMO71/]ERKXMHEOMRKMR
QIQFYXYLOER [EOXY ]ERK PEQE HEPEQ QIRHETEXOER MRJSVQEWM GIRHIVYRK
QIRIQTYL GEVE instant HEPEQ QIRHETEXOER MRJSVQEWM WITIVXM browsing HEVM
WYQFIV ]ERK XMHEO HETEX HMTIVGE]E HER PEMRR]E WILMRKKE QIRKEFEMOER
TIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMERWYQFIVMRJSVQEWMR]E
1IRKEOWIWMRJSVQEWM
4VSWIHYV MRM QIVYTEOER XELETER HEPEQ QIQTIVSPIL MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HETEX
HMTIVSPIL HEVM WYQFIV MRJSVQEWM 7YQFIV MRJSVQEWM HETEX HMFIHEOER QIRNEHM
24
WYQFIV MRJSVQEWM GIXEO HER IPIOXVSRMO WYQFIV MRJSVQEWM GIXEO WITIVXM FYOY
NYVREPQENEPELPETSVERTIRIPMXMERWIHERKOERWYQFIVIPIOXVSRMOWITIVXMMRXIVRIX
]ERK QIQYEX NYVREP IPIOXVSRMO FYOY IPIOXVSRMO HER MRJSVQEWMMRJSVQEWM
IPIOXVSRMOPEMRR]E
1IRKKYREOERMRJSVQEWM
4IRKKYREER MRJSVQEWM LEVYW WIWYEM HIRKER OIFYXYLER MRJSVQEWM WILMRKKE
HMTIVPYOER WIPIOWM XIVLEHET MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HMKYREOER HIRKER OVMXIVME VIPIZER
EOYVEXSFNIOXMJHERQYXEOLMVWIVXEOIPIRKOETERHEROIHEPEQERWYEXYMRJSVQEWM
1IRKIZEPYEWMMRJSVQEWM
4VSWIHYV XIVEOLMV HEPEQ PMXIVEWM MRJSVQEWM EHEPEL QIPEOYOER IZEPYEWM EXEW
B
MRJSVQEWM ]ERK XIPEL HMKYREOER ETEOEL WYHEL WIWYEM HIRKER XYNYER HEVM
MRJSVQEWMXIVWIFYX.MOE FIPYQ QIRGETEMXYNYERQEOETIVPY HMPEOYOER VIJPIOWM
A
XIVLEHETTVSWIHYVETE]ERKQEWMLTIVPYHMTIVFEMOM B
.MOETIWIVXEHMHMOHERPYPYWER71/QIQMPMOMOIQEQTYERPMXIVEWMMRJSVQEWMXIVQEWYO
TVSWIHYVR]EQEOEPYPYWER71/EOERQIQMPMOMFIOEPHEPEQTIVWEMRKEREFEHHER II
HETEXQIQIRERKMR]EOEVIREWYHELQIQMPMOMRMPEMPIFML

-RHMOEXSVOIHYE]EMXYmedia literacy HETEXHMEVXMOERWIFEKEMOIQEQTYERYRXYO
QIRKEOWIW QIRKEREPMWE QIRKIZEPYEWM HER QIRKOSQYRMOEWMOER TIWER QIHME
WIGEVE QIR]IPYVYL /IQEQTYER MRM NIPEW HMTIVPYOER FEKM TIWIVXE HMHMO 71/ EKEV
TIWER ]ERK HMWEQTEMOER HEVM QIHME HETEX HMMRXIVTVIXEWMOER WIGEVE FEMO XMHEO

QIRMQFYPOERFMEWMRXIVTVIXEWM/IQYHELERHEROIGITEXERHEPEQQIRKEOWIWQIHME
OLYWYWR]E QIHME IPIOXSVRMO HM EFEH MRM QIQFYXYLOER media literacy ]ERK XMRKKM
HEVMTIWIVXEHMHMO71/9RXYOMXYHMFYXYLOEROIQEQTYERHEPEQQIRIPEELTIWER]ERK
HMWEQTEMOERQIPEPYMQIHME]EMXY
%REPMWMW
1IQFERHMRKOER
)ZEPYEWM
%FWXVEOWM
/IQEQTYEREREPMWMWQIQFERHMRKOERQIKIZEPYEWMWEQTEMHIRKERQIRKEFWXVEOWM
TIWER ]ERK HMWEQTEMOER QIHME QIQERK HMVEWEOER FIVEX HMPEOYOER YRXYO TIWIVXE
HMHMO71//IQEQTYERXIVWIFYXHETEXHMPEXMLHEPEQPMRKOYTOIGMP]ERKHMWIWYEMOER
HIRKER content QIHME ]ERK YQYQR]E HMKYREOER SPIL TIWIVXE HMHMO 71/ 7IFEKEM
GSRXSLFEKM71/FMHERKOIELPMEROIWILEXERFIVMXEZMVYW^MOE]ERKWIQTEXQIRNEHM
ZMVEP HM QIHME GIXEO HER IPIOXVSRMO GYOYT QIQFIVMOER OIXEOYXER FEKM QEW]EVEOEX
-RHSRIWME&IVMXEXIVWIFYXHETEXHMNEHMOERXSTMOFEKMKYVYQEXETIPENEVERXIVOEMXEKEV
TIWIVXEHMHMOHETEXQIRKKYREOERmedia literacyHEPEQQIQEOREMTIWERXIVWIFYX,EP
WIVYTE NYKE HETEX HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER FEKM FMHERK OIELPMER PEMRR]E HIRKER
QIR]IWYEMOERXIQE]ERKWIHERKhappening. (IRKERHIQMOMERHEVMFERKOYTIHMHMOER
QIRIRKELTEVETIWIVXEHMHMOWYHELHMPEXMLOIQEQTYERPMXIVEWMQIHMER]E
25
-RHMOEXSV OIXMKE ]EMXY Information Communications Technology (ICT) literacy
Educational Testing Services (ETS) mengartikan ICT literacy sebagai berikut, ICT
literacy is using digital technology, communications tools, and/or networks to access,
manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information in order to function in a knowledge
society. Konsep tersebut dapat dimaknai bahwa kemampuan dalam menggunakan
XIORSPSKM HMKMXEP EPEX OSQYRMOEWM HER NEVMRKER YRXYO QIRKEOWIW QIRKIPSPE
QIRKMRXIKVEWMOERQIRKIZEPYEWMHERQIRGMTXEOERMRJSVQEWMWIFEKEMQEREJYRKWMR]E
YRXYOTIRKIXELYERHERQEW]EVEOEX
-RHSRIWME HIRKER TIRHYHYO ]ERK OYVERK PIFML WIFER]EO NYXE TIRHYHYO
TEHE XELYR QIRIQTEXM YVYXER OIIREQ HM HYRME WIFEKEM TIRKKYRE MRXIVRIX
.YQPELTIRKKYREMRXIVRIXHM-RHSRIWME QIRGETEM NYXETIRHYHYO ]ERKFIVEVXM
PIFML HEVM TIRHYHYO -RHSRIWME 7IPERNYXR]E TIRKKYRE MRXIVRIX HETEX
HMOPEWMJMOEWMOERFIVHEWEVOERYWMEFIVMOYX

+EQFEV. /SQTSWMWM4IRKKYRE-RXIVRIXHM-RHSRIWME&IVHEWEVOER8MRKOEX9WME
7YQFIV%WSWMEWM4IR]IPIRKKEVE.EWE-RXIVRIX-RHSRIWME

,EWMP WYVZI] QIRYRNYOOER FEL[E TIRKKYRE MRXIVRIX HM -RHSRIWME YRXYO YWME
XELYRTEHEXELYRWIFER]EO EXEYWIFIWEVNYXELEPXIVWIFYXXIRXYWENE
LEVYW HMWIVXEM HIRKER ICT literacy ]ERK FEMO HEVM TIRKKYRER]E EKEV HETEX
QIRQTEXOER MRJSVQEWM WIGEVE XITEX WIWYEM HIRKER QEOWYH HER XYNYERR]E (EPEQ
TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER TIRKKYREER -'8 HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER XISVM HER TVEOXMO WYHEL
26
HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOERSPIL71/4IRKKYREER-'8HEPEQTIQFIPENEVERXISVMFYOERLER]E
YRXYOFVS[WMRKTIPIRKOETXYKEWXIXETM WYHELFER]EOTIQFIPENEVER]ERKHMPEOYOER
WIGEVESRPMRI9RXYOTIQFIPENEVERTVEOXMOTIRKKYREREER-'8NYKEQYXPEOHMKYREOER
XIVPIFMLYRXYOFMHERKOIELPMERXIORSPSKMMRJSVQEWMHEROSQYRMOEWM
&IVHEWEVOER YVEMER ]ERK XIPEL HMOIQYOEOER SVMIRXEWM TIQFIPENEVER FYOER
LER]EOITEHEacademic skillsWENEXIXETMNYKETEHEXMKEOIXIVEQTMPER]EMXY life and
career skills, learning and innovation skills, and information-media-technology skills
4IRHMHMOER OINYVYER WYHEL LEVYW QIQTIVWMETOER HIWEMR TIQFIPENEVER EKEV HETEX
QIRKLEWMPOERPYPYWER71/]ERKWMETFIVWEMRKHMEFEHHERQQIRERKMTIVWEMRKER
XIVWIFYX 9RXYO [E[EWER XEQFELER %QIVMOE 7IVMOEX XIPEL QIQFIVMOER TIVLEXMER
B
OLYWYWFEKMHYRMETIRHMHMOERHMRIKEVEXIVWIFYXHEPEQQIRKLEHETMTIVWEMRKEREFEH
WIFEKEMQERE]ERKHMOYXMTHEVMTMHEXS&EVVEGO3FEQE]ERKWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
A
B
Im calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to
HIZIPST WXERHEVHW ERH EWWIWWQIRXW XLEX HSRX WMQTP] QIEWYVI II
[LIXIVWXYHIRXWGERJMPPMREFYFFPISREXIWXFYX[LIXIVXLI]TSWWIWW
WX GIRXYV] WOMPPW PMOI TVSFPIQ WSPZMRK GVMXMGEP XLMRKOMRK ERH
entrepreneurship and creativity

1EOREHEVMTMHEXSXIVWIFYXQIRNIPEWOERFEL[EWIGEVEIOWTPMWMX&EVVEGO3FEQE
XIPEL QIR]IVYOER OITEHE TIR]IPIRKKEVE TIRHMHOER YRXYO QIRKIQFERKOER

WXERHEVHERTIRMPEMER]ERKXMHEOLER]EQIRKYOYVHERFIVOSRWIRXVEWMTEHEYNMER
XIXETM ETEOEL WYHEL QIQYEX YRWYV ]ERK FIVMWMOER OIXIVEQTMPER EFEH OI
WITIVXM TIQIGELER QEWEPEL FIVJMOMV OVMXMW HER OI[MVEYWELEER HER OVIEXMZMXEW
7YHEL WEEXR]E TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER HM -RHSRIWME YRXYO PMRKOYT XIVOIGMP ]EMXY
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HMPEOYOER HM WIOSPEL WYHEL QIRYQFYLOER XYRXYXER
OIXIVEQTMPEREFEHWIFEKEMQERE]ERKXIPELHMYVEMOER

27
28
STRATEGI PENYIAPAN SKILLED LABOR SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN
III
A
B
29
&%&
786%8)+-4)2=-%4%2SKILLED LABOR 71/

/ILEHMVER 1EW]EVEOEX )OSRSQM %7)%2 1)% HIRKER OSRWIT YXEQE
QIRGMTXEOER %7)%2 WIFEKEM WIFYEL TEWEV XYRKKEP HER OIWEXYER FEWMW TVSHYOWM
QIVYTEOER WEPEL WEXY XERXERKER WIOEPMKYW QIRNEHM TIPYERK FEKM -RHSRIWME /YRGM
YXEQEYRXYOQIRNEHMOERTIPYERKQIRNEHMWYEXYOIYRXYRKEREHEPELQIQTIVWMETOER
WYQFIVHE]EQERYWME]ERKQIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRKWIGEVEKPSFEP/IWMETERXIVWIFYX
HM YOYV HEVM OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMQMPMOM QEW]EVEOEX -RHSRIWME YRXYO FIVWEMRK FEMO
OSQTIXIRWM]ERKFIVWMJEXhard skill HERsoft skill.
7IOSPEL1IRIRKEL/INYVYER71/ ]ERKQIVYTEOERTIRHMHMOERQIRIRKEL
]ERKQIRGIXEOPYPYWERWMETOIVNEXIRXYR]EQIQTYR]EMXERKKYRKNE[EF]ERKFIWEV
YRXYOQIQFIOEPMWMW[EWILMRKKEQIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRKHEPEQQIRKLEHETMIVE1)%
9TE]E TIQIVMRXEL QIRIQTEXOER 71/ TEHE XIQTEX ]ERK TIRXMRK YRXYO FMWE
QIQIRYLMOIFYXYLERXIREKEOIVNEXIVHMHMOXIVEQTMP]ERKOSQTIXIRTEHEFMHERKR]E
XIPEL HMPEOYOER QYPEM HIRKER QIQTIVFER]EO NYQPEL 71/ TIR]IQTYVREER
OYVMOYPYQTIRMRKOEXERTVSJIWMSREPMWQIKYVYQEYTYRTIQIRYLERWEVERETVEWEVERE
TIRYRNERK YRXYO STXMQEPR]E TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER 7E]ERKR]E OIFIVEHEER 71/
WEQTEM WEEX MRM FIPYQ WITIVXM ETE ]ERK HMLEVETOER 0YPYWER 71/ WIFEKEM GEPSR
XIREKE OIVNE XIVHMHMOXIVEQTMP ]ERK HMLEVETOER HETEX QIRKMWM HIRKER QYHEL TEWEV
OIVNENYWXVYQIRNEHMTIR]YQFERKTIRKERKKYVERXIVFYOE]ERKWERKEXXMRKKM1IRYVYX
HEXEWXEXMWXMOXELYRXIVGEXEXQEWMLFER]EOPYPYWER71/]ERKFIPYQXIVWIVETHM
HYRME YWELE HER MRHYWXVM (9(- &ELOER HEVM XSXEP NYXE XSXEP TIRKERKKYVER
XIVFYOE FIVTIRHMHMOER71/&47
/SRHMWMXIVWIFYXHMQYRKOMROEROEVIREOSQTIXIRWMPYPYWER71/FIPYQGYOYT
QIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRKEXEYOIQYRKOMRERNYKEOSQTIXIRWM]ERKHMQMPMOMWMW[E71/
]ERKOYVERKWIWYEMHIRKEROIFYXYLERTEWEVOIVNE&IVOEMXERHIRKERTIVQEWEPELER
XIVWIFYX HMTIVPYOER WYEXY YTE]E YRXYO HETEX QIRKSTXMQEPOER TIVER 71/ WIFEKEM
TIRKLEWMPPYPYWER]ERKWMETOIVNEWIWYEMHIRKERFMHERKR]E
&IVHEWEVOER EREPMWMW HEXE XIRXERK OIWMETER 71/ HEPEQ QIRGIXEO skilled
labor HM IVE 1)% YRXYO QEWMRKQEWMRK 724 LEWMP EREPMWMW HEXE 7XVEXIKM YRXYO
QIQTIVWMETOERSkilled LaborPYPYWER71/WILMRKKEQIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRK]ERKFEMO
HM IVE 1)% FIVMOYX HMWENMOER WXVEXIKM ]ERK HETEX HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HM 71/
FIVHEWEVOERTIQIRYLERWXERHEVREWMSREPTIRHMHMOER724
7XVEXIKM]ERKHETEXHMMQTPIQIRXEWMOERHM71/HEPEQQIRGIXEOSkilled Labor
HIRKER HE]E WEMRK ]ERK FEMO HM IVE 1)% WIGEVE XIVTIVMRGM HMWENMOER FIVHEWEVEOER
WXERHEVREWMSREPTIRHMHMOER724 7XVEXIKM]ERKXIVWENMQIQTIVLEXMOERLEWMPEREPMWMW
HEXEXIRXERKOIPIQELERHEROIPIFMLERQEWMRKQEWMRK71/HEPEQQIQTIVWMETOER
7OMPPIH 0EFSV ]ERK HMTIVSPIL QIPEPYM OYMWMSRIV HER [E[ERGEVE XIVLEHET OITEPE
WIOSPELKYVYHERWMW[EHM71/]ERKXIVWIFEVHMTVSZMRWM
30
STRATEGI PENYIAPAN SKILLED LABOR SEKOLAH

% 7XERHEV-WMHER7XERHEV/SQTIXIRWM0YPYWER
7XERHEVMWM QIVYTEOER VYERKPMRKOYTQEXIVMHERXMRKOEXOSQTIXIRWM
]ERKHMXYERKOERHEPEQOVMXIVMEXIRXERKOSQTIXIRWMPYPYWERFELEROENMERQEXE
TIPENEVER HER WMPEFYW TIQFIPENEVER 9RXYO QIRNE[EF XERXERKER KPSFEP
TIRKIQFERKER OYVMOYPYQ WIQIWXMR]E HMHEWEVOER TEHE 78%2(%6 2%7-32%0
40972MPEMTPYWTEHEQYEXERMWMOYVMOYPYQXIRXYR]ELEVYWQIQYEXFELEROENMER
]ERKQIQFIVMOERRMPEMPIFMLTEHEOSQTIXIRWMhard skillHERsoft skillWMW[E71/
WILMRKKEQIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRKXMRKKMHEPEQTEWEVOIVNE&IVHEWEVOERHEXEHEVM
WIOSPEL WEQTIP QYEXER MWM OYVMOYPYQ HIRKER QIQTIVLEXMOER RMPEM TPYW YRXYO
QEWMRKQEWMRK71/HMWENMOERHEPEQKEQFEVFIVMOYX
B
A
B

III
+EQFEV1YEXER-WM/YVMOYPYQ71/

1IQTIVLEXMOER +EQFEV XIVPMLEX FEL[E QYEXER MWM OYVMOYPYQ
WIFEKMERFIWEV71/HEPEQOEXIKSVMWXERHEV&IFIVETEWIOSPELQIQTYR]EMRMPEM
PIFML HEPEQ TIRKIQFERKER QYEXER MWM OYVMOYPYQ QYPEM HEVM TIVIRGEREER
MENENGAH KEJURUAN
TIRKIQFERKERTIPEOWEREERQEYTYRIZEPYEWMR]E,EWMPEREPMWMWTEHEWXERHEV
MWMYRXYOWIOSPELWEQTIPWIGEVEKEVMWFIWEVEHEPEL
/IXIVEQTMPER]ERKHMOIQFERKOERSPILWIFEKMERFIWEV71/QEWMLWIWYEM
WXERHEVREWMSREPEOERXIXETMFIFIVETEWIOSPELWEQTIPXIPELQIQFIVMOER
WIRXYLERTPYWERXEVEPEMRHIRKERQIRKEOSQSHEWMOIEVMJERPSOEPQEYTYR
OIFYXYLERTEWEVOIVNE
31
/ITIQMQTMRERPIFMLFER]EOXIVEOSQSHEWMTEHESVKERMWEWMWMW[EQEYTYR
OIKMEXER IOWOYP 4VEQYOE TIGMRXE EPEQ TEWOMFVEOE HPP FIFIVETE 71/
WYHEL QIRKMRXIKVEWMOER NM[E OITIQMQTMRER HEPEQ WIXMET QEXE OYPMEL
HIRKERQIQFIVMOERXERKKYRKNE[EF]ERKXIVWXVYOXYV
.M[E OI[MVEYWELEER HMEOSQSHEWM WIFEKMER FIWEV 71/ HIRKER
QIQFIRXYOOIPEWMRHYWXVMYRXYOQEWMRKQEWMRKFMHERKOIELPMER&IFIVETE
71/ WYHEL QIVYQYWOER QYEXER OYVMOYPYQ YRXYO QIQSXMZEWM NM[E
OI[MVEYWELEERWMW[E]ERKXIVMRXIKVEWMTEHEWIXMETQETIP
&ELEWE EWMRK OLYWYWR]E FELEWE MRKKVMW FIPYQ QIRNEHM TVMSVMXEW
WIFEKMERFIWEV71/WILMRKKELER]EQIVYQYWOERQYEXERWXERHEVQETIP
FELEWEMRKKVMW&IFIVETE71/WYHELQIQFYEXQSHMJMOEWMQYEXERQETIP
FELEWE MRKKVMW HIRKER QIVYQYWOER english for vacation 7IPEMR MXY
OIFMNEOER FMPMRKYEP YRXYO FIFIVETE QETIP NYKE WERKEX QIQFERXY
QIRMRKOEXOERTIRKYEWEERFELEWEMRKKVMWWMW[E
7IQYE 71/ WYHEL FIVQMXVE HIRKER (9(- EOER XIXETM /IXIVPMFEXER (9(-
WIFEKMERFIWEVHEPEQOEMXERHIRKERTVEOIVMRQEYTYRTIRIRTEXERXIREKE
OIVNE7IQIRXEVELER]EFIFIVETE71/]ERKFIREVFIREVQIPMFEXOER(9(-
HEPEQTIVYQYWERQYEXEROYVMOYPYQ

&IVHEWEVOER OSRHMWM TEHE WIOSPEL WEQTIP XIVWIFYX WXVEXIKM ]ERK
HETEX HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HM 71/ HEPEQ QIRGIXEO Skilled Labor HIRKER HE]E
WEMRK]ERKFEMOHMIVE1)%YRXYOWXERHEVMWMHETEXYVEMOERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
PertamaYRXYOHETEXQIRNE[EFXERXERKERKPSFEPPYPYWER71/LEVYW
QIQTYR]EMRMPEM4097/SVIPEWMR]EQYEXEROYVMOYPYQNYKELEVYWR]EQIQTYR]EM
RMPEM 4097 QMWEPR]E OYVMOYPYQ 71/ 8EXE &YWERE XMHEO LER]E QIQYEX GEVE
QIQFYEXFENYWIQIRXEVEPYPYWER71/WERKEXFIVTSXIRWMQIRGYOYTMOIFYXYLER
HYRME QSHI OYVMOYPYQ 71/ SXSQSXMJ XMHEO LER]E QIQYEX QEMRXIREMRGI
OIRHEVEERXIXETMNYKEQIQYEXQSHMJMOEWMHERMRSZEWMXIORSPSKMSXSQSXMJ
Kedua, pengembangan muatan kurikulum SMK seharusnya demand
driven sehingga materi, praktek kerja maupun pengujian disesuaikan dengan
(9(- XIVQEWYO QIQTIVLEXMOER OIEVMJER PSOEP ,EP XIVWIFYX QIRYRXYX
OIXIVPMFEXER (9(- XMHEO LER]E QMXVE HEPEQ TVEOIVMR HER TIRIQTEXER XIREKE
OIVNEEOERXIXETMWIFEKEMQMXVEHEPEQTIVYQYWERQYEXEROYVMOYPYQQYPEMHEVM
TIVIRGEREERTIPEOWEREERWEQTEMTEHEQSRMXSVMRKHERIZEPYEWMR]E
Ketiga TIRKIQFERKER OYVMOYPYQ 71/ XMHEO PITEW HEVM QYEXER
OSQTIXIRWMsoft skill7IOSPEL]ERKFIPYQQIRKEPSOEWMOEROSQTIXIRWMsoft skill
TSVWM ]ERK QIQEHEM EOER FIVHEQTEO EHER]E OIWIRNERKER ERXEVE HYRME
TIRHMHMOER OINYVYER HER HYRME MRHYWXVM 9RXYO QIRGETEM TSVWM ]ERK QIQEHEM
OSQTIXIRWMsoft skillXIRXYR]EXMHEOLER]EXIVEOSQSHEWMTEHESVKERMWEWMWMW[E
QEYTYR OIKMEXER IOWOYP 4VEQYOE TIGMRXE EPEQ TEWOMFVEOE HPP EOER XIXETM
32
WIOSPELHETEXQIRKMRXIKVEWMOEROSQTIXIRWMXIWIFYXHEPEQWIXMETQEXEOYPMEL
WIGEVEXIVWXVYOXYV
Keempat YRXYO QIRGIXEO 7OMPPIH 0EFSV WMW[E 71/ HEPEQ
QIRKLEHETMXERXERKHMIVE1)%XIRXYR]EXMHEOPITEWHEVMOIQEQTYERFELEWE
EWMRKOLYWYWR]EFELEWEMRKKVMW HEVMPYPYWER71/1IQTIVLEXMOERLEPXIVWIFYX
HMTIVPYOER RMPEM TPYW OYVMOYPYQ 71/ ]ERK QIQFIVMOER QYEXER OSQTIXIRWM
HEPEQ TIRKYEWEER FELEWE EWMRK HEPEQ TSVWM ]ERK GYOYT HER QIQTYR]EM
OEVEOXIV OLYWYW QMWEPR]E HIRKER EHER]E QYEXER english for vacation ]ERK
QIQTYR]EMOEVEOXIV]ERKFIVFIHEYRXYOQEWMRKQEWMRKFMHERKOIELPMER
1IQTIVLEXMOERYVEMERWXERHEVMWMHMEXEWXIVPMLEXOSQTIXIRWMPYPYWER
]ERK QIRNEHM XYNYER 9RXYO HETEX QIRNE[EF XERXERKER KPSFEP HM IVE 1)%
PYPYWER71/LEVYWQIQTYR]EMRMPEM4097HIRKERQIQTIVLEXMEROIWIMQFERKER
OSQTIXIRWM soft skill HER hard skill 2MPEM TPYW OSQTIXIRWM PYPYWER 71/ HETEX
QIRKEOSQSHEWMOIXIVEQTMPEREFEH8VMPPMRKHER*EHIP ]ERKQIPMTYXM
/IXIVEQTMPERLMHYTHERFIVOEVMVlife and career skills) /IXIVEQTMPER&IPENEV
HER&IVMRSZEWMlearning and innovation skills)HER /IXIVEQTMPERXIORSPSKMHER
QIHME MRJSVQEWM Information media and technology skills). 9RXYO QI[YNYHOER
OIXIVGETEMER OSQTIXIRWM XIVWIFYX HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WMW[E TIVPY
HMFIVMOERTIRKEPEQERYRXYOFIV[MVEW[EWXEHERFIVOIVNETEHEPMRKOYRKER]ERK
WIWYRKKYLR]E
& 7XERHEV4VSWIWHER7XERHEV4IRMPEMER
7XERHEV TVSWIW EHEPEL WXERHEV REWMSREP TIRHMHMOER ]ERK FIVOEMXER
HIRKERTIPEOWEREERTIQFIPENEVERTEHEWEXYWEXYERTIRHMHMOERYRXYOQIRGETEM
B
WXERHEVOSQTIXIRWMPYPYWER4EHEWXERHEVMRMFEKEMQEREKYVYQIQTIVWMETOER
QIPEOWEREOER HER QIPEOYOER IZEPYEWM TIQFIPENEVER WILMRKKE TVSWIW
A
TIQFIPENEVER HETEX FINEPER HIRKER STXMQEP &IVHEWEVOER HEXE HEVM WIOSPEL B
WEQTIP TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER QIQTIVLEXMOER RMPEM TPYW YRXYO QEWMRK
QEWMRK71/HMWENMOERHEPEQKEQFEVFIVMOYX III
MENENGAH KEJURUAN
33

+EQFEV4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVERHM71/

1IQTIVLEXMOER +EQFEV XIVPMLEX FEL[E WIOSPEL WEQTIP XIPEL
QIPEOWEREOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER GYOYT FEMO &IFIVETE WIOSPEL
QIQTYR]EMRMPEMPIFMLHEPEQTIPEOWEREERTIQFIPENEVERQYPEMHEVMTIVIRGEREER
TIRKIQFERKER TIPEOWEREER QEYTYR IZEPYEWMR]E ,EWMP EREPMWMW TEHE TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVERYRXYOWIOSPELWEQTIPWIGEVEKEVMWFIWEVEHEPEL
,EQTMV 7IQYE KYVY HM WIOSPEL WEQTIP XIPEL QIQFYEX 644 YRXYO
STXMQEPR]E TIQFIPENEVER MVSRMWR]E XIORMO TIQFYEXER QEWML FIVWMJEX
MRHMZMHY ,ER]E WIFEKMER OIGMP ]ERK QIRHMWEMR 644 WIGEVE OIPSQTSO
QETIPEXEYFMHERKOIELPMER HERFIVOSPEFSVEWMHIRKER(9(-
Belum optimalnya keberadaan wadah kelompok guru mapel atau bidang
keahlian, sehingga update RPP yang semestinya secEVE TIVMSHMO FIPYQ
XIVPEOWEREREHIRKERFEMO
/ITEPE 7IOSPEL WIFEKMER FIWEV 71/ WYHEL QIPEOYOER TIRKE[EWER
XIRXERKOIFIVEHEER644QEWMRKQEWMRKKYVY%OERXIXETMQEWMLWIFEXEW
XIVWIHMER]E HSOYQIR FIPYQ WEQTEM QSRMXSVMRK QIRKIREM WYFWXERWM
QEYTYRXIORMOTIVYQYWERR]E
4IPEOWEREREERTIQFIPENEVERWYHELQIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOERTIQFIPENEVER
MRSZEXMJHERMRXIVEOXMJQIPEPYMFIVFEKEMQIHMEXIVOMRM7E]ERKR]EFIFIVETE
71/XIVOIRHEPEOIXIVGYOYTERWEVTVEW0'(NEVMRKERMRXIVRIXHPP
4IRKIQFERKER FELER ENEV ]ERK HMPEOYOER SPIL KYVY QEWML WERKEX
XIVFEXEW7IFEKMERFIWEVKYVYQIQERJEEXOERFELERENEV]ERKWYHELEHE
34
4IQFIPENEVERQEWMLHSQMRERHMWIOSPELHIRKERQIHMEEXEYWEVTVEW]ERK
WIFEKMEROYVERKWIWYEMHIRKEROSRHMWMHM(9(-
/IXIVPMFEXER (9(- FEMO HEPEQ TIVIRGEREER TIPEOWEREER HER IZEPYEWM
TIQFIPENEVERQEWMLFIPYQSTXMQEP

&IVHEWEVOER OSRHMWM TEHE WIOSPEL WEQTIP XIVWIFYX WXVEXIKM ]ERK
HETEX HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HM 71/ HEPEQ QIRGIXEO Skilled Labor HIRKER HE]E
WEMRK]ERKFEMOHMIVE1)%YRXYOWXERHEVTVSWIWHETEXYVEMOERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
Pertama TIVIRGEREER TIQFIPENEVER QIVYTEOER OYRGM OIFIVLEWMPER
TIQFIPENEVER 9RXYO HETEX QIQFYEX VERGERKER TIQFIPENEVER 644 ]ERK
STXMQEPFIFIVETELEP]ERKLEVYWHMTIVLEXMOERERXEVEPEMR TIVPYEHER]E[EHEL
kelompok guru mapel atau bidang keahlian, yang secara kolaboratif menyusun,
QIQSRMXSV WEQTEM YTHEXI 644 WIGEVE TIVMSHMO OIPSQTSO KYVY ]ERK
XIVFIRXYOQIQFYEX644]ERKFIVHEWEVOERTIQFIPENEVERMRSZEXMJWIWYEMHIRKER
OEVEOXIV QEXE TIPENEVER HER WIOEPMKYW WIGEVE OSPEFSVEXMJ QIR]METOER
OIPIRKOETERTIQFIPENEVERWITIVXMTIRKIQFERKERFELERENEVQIHMEQEYTYR
MRWXVYQIR IZEPYEWMR]E TIVPY OIXIVPMFEXER (9(-HEPEQ TIR]YWYRER 644 HER
QSRMXSVMRK WILMRKKE EHE WMROVSWMWEWM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER HIRKER
HYRME MRHYWXVM /ITEPE 7IOSPEL TIVPY QIPEOYOER TIRKE[EWER XIRXERK
OIFIVEHEER 644 QEWMRKQEWMRK QETIP XMHEO LER]E WIFEXEW XIVWIHMER]E
HSOYQIR EOER XIXETM WEQTEM QSRMXSVMRK QIRKIREM WYFWXERWM QEYTYR XIORMO
TIVYQYWERR]E
KeduaEHER]E644]ERKFEMOWIQIWXMR]ETVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHETEX
HMPEOWEREOER HIRKER STXMQEP /IKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER HMYTE]EOER HETEX
B
QIQFIVMQSXMZEWMWMW[EYRXYOFIVTEVXMWMTEWMEOXMJHEPEQTIQFIPENEVERWIVXE
QIQFIVMOER VYERK ]ERK GYOYT FEKM WMW[E YRXYO QIRKEOSQSHEWM TVEOEVWE
A
OVIEXMZMXEWHEROIQERHMVMERWIWYEMHIRKERFEOEXQMREXHERTIVOIQFERKERJMWMO B
WIVXE TWMOSPSKMW WMW[E 9RXYO HETEX QIRKSTXMQEPOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
FIFIVETELEP]ERKLEVYWHMTIVLEXMOERERXEVEPEMR TIVPYEHER]EOSPEFSVEWMXMQ III
TIRKEQTY QEXE TIPENEVER HEPEQ TIPEOWEREER TIQFIPENEVER TIQERJEEXER
QIHME TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK IJIOXMJ IJMWMIR HER QIPMFEXOER WMW[E HEPEQ
TIQERJEEXERQIHME TIVPYTIQFEKMERTVSTSVWM]ERKSTXMQEPERXEVEXISVMHER
TVOEXIOHEPEQTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERWIWYEMHIRKEROEVEOXIVMWXMOQEXETIPENEVER
TIPEOWEREER TIQFIPENEVER HETEX HMPEOYOER TEHE XIQTEXPMRKOYRKER ]ERK
WIWYEM HIRKER OEVEOXIV QEXE TIPENEVER XMHEO LEVYW HM VYERK OIPEW WILMRKKE
MENENGAH KEJURUAN
WMW[EHETEXQIQTIVSPILTIRKEPEQERFIPENEVWIWYEMHIRKEROSRHMWMR]EXE
Ketiga IZEPYEWMTIRMPEMER QIVYTEOER FEKMER XEO XIVTMWELOER HEVM
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER OSRWIO[IRWMR]E KYVY TIVPY QIQMPMOM OIQEQTYER ]ERK
QIQEHEM YRXYO QIPEOWEREOER TIRMPEMER HIRKER FEMO 9RXYO HETEX
QIRKSTXMQEPOERTIRMPEMERFIFIVETELEP]ERKLEVYWHMTIVLEXMOERERXEVEPEMR
TIRMPEMER LEVYW QIRKEOSQSHMV WIQYE EWTIO OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK XIVQYEX HEPEQ
35
OYVMOYPYQFEMOYRXYOVERELEJIOXMJOSKRMXMJQEYTYRTWMOSQSXSV 4IQFYEXER
EPEXIZEPYEWMWIFEMOR]EHMPEOYOERWIGEVEOSPEFSVEXMJHIRKERXMQQEXETIPENEVER
TIVPY EHE TIQERJEEXER MRJSVQEWM XIRXERK LEWMP TIRMPEMER ]ERK XMHEO LER]E
YRXYOQIRKIXELYMTIRGETEMEROSQTIXIRWMWMW[EEOERXIXETMNYKEWIFEKEMEPEX
IZEPYEWMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERWIGEVEOIWIPYVYLER

' 7XERHEV4IRHMHMOHER8IREKE/ITIRHMHMOER
7XERHEV TIRHMHMO HER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER EHEPEL OVMXIVME
OIXIVGYOYTERQEYTYROIPE]EOEROYEPMJMOEWMEOEHIQMOHEROSQTIXIRWMWIFEKEM
EKIR TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO QI[YNYHOER XYNYER TIRHMHMOER REWMSREP 7IGEVE
OYERXMXEW WIFIREVR]E NYQPEL KYVY 71/ GYOYT QIQEHEM YRXYO QIPEOWEREOER
TVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHIRKERSTXMQEPOIGYEPMFIFIVETEHEIVELQIQERKQEWML
OIOYVERKERKYVYTVSHYOXMJ4IQEWEPELER]ERKQYRGYPNYWXVYQIRKIREMJEOXSV
TIQIVEXEERHEROYEPMXEWTVSJIWMSREPMWQIKYVY71/
9RXYO QIRNE[EF XERXERKER KPSFEP WILMRKKE WIXMET 71/ QEQTY
QIRGIXEO7OMPPIH0EFSVHMIVE1)%HMTIVPYOERKYVYTVSJIWMSREP40972MPEMTPYW
YRXYO KYVY TVSJIWMSREP HMGETEM OIXMOE KYVY QIQTYR]EM OSQTIXIRWM YQYQ
WISVERKKYVY]ERKQIRGEOYTkompetensi : pedagogik, kepribadian, TVSJIWMSREP
dan sosial HMXEQFEL FIFIVETE OSQTIXIRWM TPYW ]ERK TIVPY HMQMPMOM SPIL KYVY
71/ /SQTIXIRWM TPYW WIFEKEMQERE HMYRKOETER SPIL +SXXJVMIH 0IMFFVERHX
ERXEVEPEMR
1IRKYEWEMFELEWEEWMRKQMWEPR]EFELEWEMRKKVMW
1IQMPMOMOIQEQTYERQIRENIQIRFIVHEWEVentrepreneurship[MVEYWELE
1IQMPMOM OIQEQTYER YRXYO QIRKIOWTVIWMOER MHIMHI WIGEVE NIPEW HER
VMRKOEWFEMOHEPEQFIRXYOPMWERQEYTYRXYPMWER
Memilki kemampuan dalam menggunakan atau mengakses Information
Technology System
1IQTYR]EM TIRKEPEQER WYOWIW OLYWYWR]E KYVY TVSHYOXMJ HEPEQ
TIRIVETERTIRKIXELYERHEROIXIVEQTMPER

7IQIRXEVE MXY OIFIVEHEER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER TVSJIWMSREP HM 71/
QIRNEHMFEKMERXEOXIVTMWELOERHEPEQSTXMQEPMWEWMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER,EPMRM
XIPELHMTIVXIKEWHEPEQ4EWEP992SXELYRXIRXERK7MWHMOREW]ERK
QIR]EXEOERFEL[E8IREKEOITIRHMHMOERFIVXYKEWQIPEOWEREOEREHQMRMWXVEWM
TIRKIPSPEER TIRKIQFERKER TIRKE[EWER HER TIPE]ERER XIORMW YRXYO
QIRYRNERK TVSWIW TIRHMHMOER TEHE WEXYER TIRHMHMOER &IKMXY ZMXEPR]E TIVER
XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER WIFEKEM TIRYRNERK XIVPEOWERER]E TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
]ERK STXMQEP QEOE HMTIVPYOER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER ]ERK TVSJIWMSREP
/EVEOXIVMWXMO OITVSJIWMSREPER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER WILMRKKE QEQTY
QIQFIVMOERTIPE]ERERQEOWMQEPERXEVEPEMRQIQTYR]EMOYEPMJMOEWMEOEHIQMW
HER OSQTIXIRWM TIPE]ERER WIWYEM HIRKER FMHERKR]E QIQMPOM OIQEQTYER
36
dalam menggunakan atau mengakses Information Technology System
QIRKYEWEM FELEWE MRKKVMW HER QIQMPMOM OIQEQTYER YRXYO QIPEOWEREOER
QIRKKYREOER HEREXEY QIRKIOWTVIWMOER TIPE]ERER FIVHEWEVOER OSRHMWM
XIVOMRMWIWYEMHIRKERFMHERKR]E

( 7XERHEV7EVEREHER4VEWEVERE
7XERHEV WEVERE HER TVEWEVERE WEVTVEW FIVOEMXER HIRKER OVMXIVME
QMRMQEP OIXIVGYOYTER HER OIPE]EOER XIQTEX HER JEWMPMXEW TIRYRNERK TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER&IVHEWEVOERHEXEHEVMWIOSPELWEQTIPWEVTVEW]ERKQIRHYOYRK
STXMQEPMWEWMTIQFIPENEVERYRXYOQEWMRKQEWMRK71/HMWENMOERHEPEQKEQFEV
FIVMOYX
B
A
B

+EQFEV/SRHMWM7EVEREHER4VEWEVEREHM71/
III

1IQTIVLEXMOER+EQFEVXIVPMLEXFEL[EOSRHMWMWEVTVEWTIRYRNERK
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HM WIOSPEL WEQTIP ]ERK GYOYT LIXIVSKIR &IFIVETE
WIOSPEL QIQERK GYOYT FEMO OSRHMWM EOER XIXETM WIFEKMER WIOSPEL PEMR QEWML
OYVERKQIQEHEMFEMOHEVMWIKMOIGYOYTERQEYTYROIPE]EOER
9RXYO HETEX QI[YNYHOER 71/ WIFEKEM TIRKLEWMP Skilled Labor
MENENGAH KEJURUAN
HIRKERHE]EWEMRK ]ERK FEMOHEPEQXERXERKERKPSFEPHMTIVPYOERHE]EHYOYRK

WEVTVEW ]ERK QIQEHEM 9TE]E QI[YNYHOER WEVTVEW ]ERK QIQEHEM HEVM WIKM
OIGYOYTER HER OIPE]EOER HMTIVPYOER WMRIVKM ERXEVE WIOSPEL TIQIVMRXEL
QEW]EVEOEXHER(9(-7XERHEVWEVTVEWTIRHMHMOERXIPELHMEXYVHEPEQ442S
XELYR]ERKQIRNIPEWOEROVMXIVMEQIRKIREMWEVEREHERTVEWEVEREWIFEKEM
TIRYRNERKTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER9RXYOQIRGMTXEOERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER]ERK
37
STXMQEP WIFEKEMQERE HMNIPEWOER TEHE WXERHEV TVSWIW XIRXYR]E HMTIVPYOER
HYOYRKERWEVTVEW]ERKWXERHEVTPYWWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
Ruang Kelas QIVYTEOER WEVTVEW TIVXEQE ]ERK TIVPY HMPMLEX OEVIRE
WIFEKMER FIWEV TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HMPEOYOER HMWMRM /IGYOYTER HER
OIR]EQEREWXERHEVQIRNEHMTVMSVMXEWHEVMVYERKMRM2MPEMTPYWHEVMWEVTVEW
MRM OIXMOE WIXMET OIPEW XIVTEWERK 0'( TIVQERIR EHER]E LSXWTSX HIRKER
OIGITEXERQIQEHEMXIQTEXQIHMETIQFIPENEVERHERTIVTYWXEOEERQMRM
Laboratorium/bengkel kerja QIVYTEOER XIQTEX VMWIX MPQMEL IOWTIVMQIR
TIR]IPMHMOER QEYTYR TIQFYOXMER OENMER MPQMEL WILMRKKE TIRKE[EP
XIVHITERHEVMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER/IGYOYTEROIR]EQEREHEROIEQERER
WXERHEVQIRNEHMTVMSVMXEWHEVMVYERKMRM2MPEMTPYWXIQTEXMRMOIXMOEWIXMET
PEFSVEXSVMYQFIRKOIP OIVNE QIQTYR]EM TIVEPEXER HER JEWMPMXEW ]ERK
XIVYTHEXI WIWYEM XYRXYXER TIVOIQFERKER MPQY HER XIORSPSKM QMWEPR]E
PEFSVEXSVMYQOSQTYXIVHIRKERLEVH[EVIHIRKERWSJX[EVIXIVOMRMFIRKOIP
OIVNE HIRKER TIVEPEXERJEWMPMXEW ]ERK WEQE HIRKER (9(- .MOE
QIQYRKOMROER WIOSPEL QIRGMTXEOER PEFSVEXSVMYQ WYTIV TPYW WILMRKKE
WIOSPELHETEXQIRNEHMPEFSVEXSVMYQHEVM(9(-FYOERWIFEPMOR]E
Perpustakaan QIRNEHM XIQTEX ]ERK WERKEX WXVEXIKMW FEKM WMW[E YRXYO
QIRGEVM WYQFIV FIPENEV 7EQE WITIVXM TEHE VYERK OIPEW OIGYOYTER HER
OIR]EQERER WXERHEV QIRNEHM TVMSVMXEW HEVM VYERK MRM 2MPEM TPYW HEVM
OIFIVEHEERTIVTYWXEOEEROIXMOEOSPIOWMVIJIVIRWMWIPEPYXIVYTHEXIWIGEVE
TIVMSHMO FIVHEWEVOER TIVOIQFERKER MPQY HER XIORSPSKM 7IPEMR MXY
WIQIWXMR]E TIVTYWXEOEER QIQTYR]EM WYQFIV FIPENEV QMWEPR]E FYOY
NYVREPQSHYPHPP ]ERKHETEXHMEOWIWWIGEVESRPMRISPILWIQYEIOSWMWXIQ
WIOSPEL
Teknologi informasi dan Komunikasi QIVYTEOERNIQFEXERERXEVWIQYEPMRM
HEPEQ YTE]E QIRKSTXMQEPOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER 3PIL OEVIRE MXY
HMFYXYLOERNEVMRKERMRXIVRIXHIRKEROIGITEXER]ERKGYOYTQIQEHEMHER
QIRIQTEXOERLSXWTSXTEHEXIQTEXXIQTEXWXVEXIKMWHMWIOSPEL

) 7XERHEV4IRKIPSPEER
7XERHEV TIRKIPSPEER FIVOEMXER HIRKER TIVIRGEREER TIPEOWEREER
HER TIRKE[EWER OIKMEXER TIRHMHMOER TEHE XMRKOEX WEXYER TIRHMHMOER
OEFYTEXIROSXE TVSZMRWM EXEY REWMSREP EKEV XIVGETEM IJMWMIRWM HER IJIOXMZMXEW
TIR]IPIRKKEVEER TIRHMHMOER 4IVMRGMREER YQYQ XIRXERK WXERHEV TIRKIPSPEER
TIRHMHMOERXIVXYERKHEPER442SQSV8ELYR&EF:---7IGEVEYQYQRMPEM
TPYWHEVMWXERHEVTIRKIPSPEERTEHEWEXYERTIRHMHMOERWIHIQMOERWILMRKKE71/
QEQTYQI[YNYHOERPYPYWERWIFEKEM7OMPPIH0EFSV]ERKQIQTYR]EMHE]EWEMRK
XMRKKMHEPEQXERXERKERKPSFEPERXEVEPEMR
1IQFERKYRHERQIRIVETERFYHE]EWIOSPEL FIV[E[EWERKPSFEPHIRKER
XIXETQIQTIVLEXMOEROIEVMJERPSOEP
38
1IQFERKYR HER QIQTIVPYEW NINEVMRK HIRKER (9(- WIGEVE LSPMWXMO HER
WEPMRK QIQFYXYLOER QYPEM HEPEQ TIVYQYWER OYVMOYPYQ TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER TIQERJEEXER JEWMPMXEW WEQTEM OIVNEWEQE HEPEQ
TIRIQTEXERXIREKEOIVNE
1IRWSWMEPMWEWMOER QIPEPYM FIVFEKEM QIHME RMPEM TPYW WEXYER TIRHMHMOER
OITEHE WIPYVYL IOSWMWXIQ WIOSPEL TYFPMO QEYTYR (9(- (EQTEO ]ERK
HMLEVETOER EOER XIVNYEP PYPYWER ]ERK QIQERK QIQTYR]EM HE]E WEMRK
XMRKKMHEPEQTEWEVOIVNEKPSFEPQEYTYRPSOEP
1IRHSVSRK HER QIQJEWMPMXEWM KYVY HER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER HEPEQ
QIRMRKOEXOER OSQTIXIRWM OIXIVEQTMPER HER TVSJIWMSREPMWQIR]E WIWYEM
HIRKER XYXYRXER KPSFEP QMWEPR]E TIPEXMLER FELEWE MRKKVMW TIPEXMLER
TIQERJEEXER XIORSPSKM MRJSVQEWM TIPEXMLER KYVY TVSHYOXMJ HM TIVYWELEER
HPP
1IPEOYOER QSRMXSVMRK XIVLEHET WIXMET EOXMZMXEW ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER
TVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHERWIKEPEOIKMEXERTIRYRNERKXMHEOXIVFEXEWTEHE
JSVQEPMXEWHSOYQIREOERXIXETMWIGEVEVMRGMQSRMXSVMRKXIVLEHETWYFWXERWM
OIKMEXER

* 7XERHEV4IQFME]EER
7XERHEV TIQFME]EER QIRKEXYV OSQTSRIR HER FIWEVR]E FME]E
STIVEWMSREP WEXYER TIRHMHMOER ]ERK FIVPEOY WIPEQE WEXY XELYR &ME]E
STIVEWMSREP HMTIVPYOER YRXYO QIQFME]EM OIKMEXER STIVEWMSREP WEXYER
TIRHMHMOEREKEVHETEXFIVPERKWYRKR]EOIKMEXERTIRHMHMOER]ERKWIWYEMWXERHEV
REWMSREP TIRHMHMOER WIGEVE XIVEXYV HER FIVOIPERNYXER 7EPEL WEXY MRHMOEXSV
B
TIRXMRK HEPEQ TIRKIPSPEER OIYERKER WIOSPEL EHEPEL TIR]YWYRER ERKKEVER
HMPEOYOERHIRKERXVERWTEVERIJMWMIRHEREOYRXEFIP
A
9RXYOQI[YNYHOERWIOSPELHIRKERRMPEMTPYWWIFEKEMQEREHMYVEMOER B
WXERHEV WIFIPYQR]E TIVIRGEREER ERKKEVER WIOSPEL TIVPY HMEVELOER YRXYO
QIQFIVM HYOYRKER WIXMET OIKMEXER ]ERK XIPEL HMVIRGEREOER XIRXYR]E HIRKER III
QIQTIVLEXMOER NYORMW ]ERK EHE (EPEQ WYEXY OSRHMWM XIV[YNYH WIOSPEL TPYW
HMQERE 71/ XIPEL QIRNEHM PEFSVEXSVMYQR]E QEW]EVEOEX(9(- VYNYOER YRXYO
OENMER MPQMEL QEW]EVEOEX(9(- FELOER WEQTEM QIRNEHM TEXRIV (9(- HEPEQ
TIRKIQFERKER HER MRSZEWM TVSHYO HMQYRKOMRKOER TIQFME]EER WIOSPEL EOER
PIFMLXIVNEKE

MENENGAH KEJURUAN

39
40
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN YANG PRODUKTIF
IV
A
B
41
&%&
13()04)1&)0%.%6%271/=%2+463(9/8-*

% (EWEV4IQMOMVER
4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER]ERK&IVQYXYHM/IPEW
4IQIVMRXELQIPEPYMMRWXERWM]ERKXIVOEMXFIVYWELEQIRIRXYOER
VEQFYVEQFY TIVYQYWER OYVMOYPYQ +YVY QIRKIQFERKOER
TIQFIPENEVERR]E 4IVER KYVY WIFEKEM HIWEMRIV HMLEVETOER QEQTY
QIVERGERK HER QIQERINIQIRM ETE ]ERK HMWXERHEVOER QIRNEHM
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FILEWMP HER IJIOXMJ +YVY WIFEMOR]E QEQTY
QIRGMTXEOER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FIVQEORE HER TEHE EOLMVR]E HETEX
QIRYQFYLOER QSXMZEWM TEHE TIQFIPENEVTIQFIPENEV YRXYO QEY HER
QEQTY QIRIVETOER MPQY ]ERK HMWENMOER SPIL KYVYR]E +YVY FIVTIVER
WIFEKEMQSXMZEXSVHEPEQTIQFIPENEVERWIFEMOR]EQEQTYQIRYQFYLOER
QIRKIQFERKOERHERQIRIFEVOERIRIVKMTSWMXMJTIQFIPENEVQIQFERKYR
ERXYWMEWHERWIQERKEXHMVMR]EHERTIQFIPENEVEKEVQEQTYQIRGMTXEOER
TVSWIW HER LEWMP FIPENEV ]ERK STXMQEP ]ERK HETEX QIRKLERXEVOER
TIQFIPENEVQIRNEHMQERYWMEQERYWMEGIVHEWOMRMHERRERXM
+YVY ]ERK LEFEXPER ]ERK EOER QIRKLIFEXOER TIQFIPENEV
TIQFIPENEVR]E KYVY ]ERK OVIEXMJPEL ]ERK QEQTY QIRKOVIEXMJOER
TIQFIPENEVTIQFIPENEVR]E KYVY ]ERK GIVHEWPEL ]ERK QEQTY
QIRGIVHEWOERTIQFIPENEVTIQFIPENEVR]EKYVY]ERKFIPENEV]ERKQEQTY
QIQFIPENEVOER TIQFIPENEVTIQFIPENEVR]E HER KYVY ]ERK TVSHYOXMJPEL
]ERKQEQTYQIQTVSHYOXMJOERTIQFIPENEVTIQFIPENEVR]E
&ER]EO ELPMWIXYNYFEL[ETIQFIPENEVERHMOIPEW]ERKHMOIQEW
HIRKERQIR]IRERKOERQIVYTEOERHEQFEERTIWIVXEHMHMOOEVIRETVSWIW
FIPENEV]ERKQIR]IRERKOERFMWEQIRMRKOEXOERQSXMZEWMFIPENEV]ERKXMRKKM
FEKMTIWIVXEHMHMOKYREQIRKLEWMPOERTVSHYOXMZMXEW]ERKXMRKKMHERTVSWIW
FIPENEVFIPENEV]ERKFIVOYEPMXEW
4VSWIWQIRYVYX/EQYW&IWEV&ELEWE-RHSRIWME//&- HMEVXMOER
WIFEKEM VYRXYXER TIVYFELER HEPEQ TIVOIQFERKER WYEXY LEP WIHERKOER
HIJMRMWM FIPENEV EHEPEL WIFEKEM WYEXY TVSWIW ]ERK XIVNEHM OEVIRE EHER]E
YWELE YRXYO QIRKEHEOER TIVYFELER XIVLEHET HMVM QERYWME HIRKER
QEOWYHQIQTIVSPILTIVYFELERHEPEQHMVMR]EFEMOFIVYTETIRKIXELYER
EXEYTYR WMOET +EKRI QIRNIPEWOER FEL[E FIPENEV QIVYTEOER
WIFYELWMWXIQ]ERKHMHEPEQR]EXIVHETEXFIVFEKEMYRWYV]ERKWEPMRKOEMX
QIRKEMXWILMRKKEQIRKLEWMPOERTIVYFELERTIVMPEOY7IHERKOERQIRYVYX
YRHERKYRHERK 7MWXIQ 4IRHMHMOER 2EWMSREP TIQFIPENEVER HMHIJMRMWMOER
WIFEKEMTVSWIWMRXIVEOWMWMW[EHIRKERTIRHMHMOHERWYQFIVFIPENEVTEHE
WYEXY PMRKOYRKER FIPENEV ,EP XIVWIFYX HETEX HMOIQYOEOER FEL[E TVSWIW
42
TIQFIPENEVER WIFEKEM WYEXY VYRXYXER TIVYFELER HEPEQ TIVOIQFERKER
OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER HM QERE HM HEPEQR]E XIVNEHM OIMRKMRER YRXYO
QIQTIVSPIL TIVYFELER HEPEQ HMVM WMW[E FEMO FIVYTE TIRKIXELYER
OIXIVEQTMPER EXEYTYR WMOET HER TVMPEOY ]ERK HMPEOYOER HIRKER MRXIVEOWM
ERXEVEWMW[EHIRKERTIRHMHMOKYVYTEHEWYEXYPMRKOYRKERFIPENEV7IGEVE
PIFML WIHIVLERE HETEX HMOIQYOEOER TYPE FEL[E TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
QIVYTEOER XMRKOEXER EXEY WYEXY JEWI FEKM WMW[E HEPEQ QIQTIPENEVM
WIWYEXY]ERKHMPEOWEREOERHMHEPEQOIPEW
8IVGETEMR]E LEWMP TIQFIPENEVER WERKEX HMTIRKEVYLM SPIL
EOXMZMXEW HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER 4EHE TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER LEVYW
XIVNEHM MRXIVEOWM ERXEVE WMW[E HER TIRHMHMO -RXIVEOWM MXY HEPEQ HYRME
TIRHMHMOERHMOIREPHIRKERMWXMPELMRXIVEOWMIHYOEXMJ1IRYVYX7]EMJYP&ELVM
(NEQEVELHEPEQ0IZERSMKEWXVIPP MRXIVEOWMIHYOEXMJQIQTYR]EMGMVM
GMVMWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
E 1IQTYR]EM XYNYER 8YNYER HEPEQ MRXIVEOWM IHYOEXMJ EHEPEL YRXYO
QIQFERXY WMW[E HEPEQ WYEXY TIVOIQFERKER XIVXIRXY -RMPEL ]ERK
HMQEOWYHMRXIVEOWMIHYOEXMJWEHEVEOERXYNYERHIRKERQIRIQTEXOER
WMW[E WIFEKEM TYWEX TIVLEXMER WIHERKOER YRWYV PEMRR]E WIFEKEM
TIRKERXEVHERTIRHYOYRK
F 1IQTYR]EMTVSWIHYV]ERKHMVIRGEREOER%KEVHETEXQIRGETEMXYNYER
WIGEVE STIVEWMSREP QEOE HEPEQ QIPEOYOER MRXIVEOWM TIVPY EHE
TVSWIHYV EXEY PERKOELPERKOEL WMWXIQEXMO HER VIPIZER 9RXYO
QIRGETEM WYEXY XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK WEXY HIRKER ]ERK PEMR
QYRKOMR EOER QIQFYXYLOER TVSWIHYV HER HIWEMR ]ERK FIVFIHE
FIHE
G (MXERHEMHIRKERTIRKKEVETERQEXIVMOLYWYW(EPEQLEPQEXIVMLEVYW
HMHIWEMR WIHIQMOMER VYTE WILMRKKE GSGSO YRXYO QIRGETEM XYNYER
(EPEQLEPMRMTIVPYQIQTIVLEXMOEROSQTSRIROSQTSRIRTIRKENEVER
]ERK PEMR WITIVXM XMRKOEX TIVOIQFERKER WMW[E 1EXIVM LEVYW WYHEL
HMHIWEMRHERHMWMETOERWIFIPYQFIVPERKWYRKR]EMRXIVEOWMIHYOEXMJ
H (MXERHEM HIRKER EOXMZMXEW WMW[E 7IFEKEM OSRWIOYIRWM FEL[E WMW[E
QIVYTEOER WIRXVEP QEOE EOXMZMXEW WMW[E QIVYTEOER W]EVEX QYXPEO
FEKMFIVPERKWYRKR]ETVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER%OXMZMXEWWMW[EHEPEQLEP
MRM FEMO WIGEVE JMWMO QEYTYR QIRXEP HER TIVER KYVY HMWMRM LER]E
WIFEKEM TIQFMQFMRK ]ERK HETEX QIRKEVELOER WMW[E HER
QIQFIVMOERQSXMZEWMYRXYOQIRGETEMLEWMP]ERKSTXMQEP
I +YVY FIVITIVER WIFEKEM TIQFMQFMRK (EPEQ TIVERERR]E WIFEKEM
TIQFMQFMRK KYVY LEVYW FIVYWELE QIRKLMHYTOER HER QIQFIVMOER
QSXMZEWM EKEV XIVNEHM TVSWIW MRXIVEOWM IHYOEXMJ ]ERK OSRHYWMJ +YVY B
LEVYW WMET WIFEKEM QIHMEXSV HEPEQ WIKEPE WMXYEWM TVSWIW MRXIVEOWM A
B
IV
43
IHYOEXMJWILMRKKEKYVYEOERQIVYTEOERXSOSL]ERKEOERHMPMLEXHER
HMXMVYXMRKOELPEOYR]ESPILWMW[E
J 1IQFYXYLOER HMWMTPMR (MWMTPMR HEPEQ MRXIVEOWM IHYOEXMJ HMEVXMOER
WIFEKEMWYEXYTSPEXMRKOELPEOY]ERKHMEXYVQIRYVYXOIXIRXYER]ERK
WYHEL HMXEEXM HIRKER WEHEV SPIL KYVY QEYTYR WMW[E 1IOERMWQI
OSROVIX HEVM OIXEEXER TEHE OIXIRXYER MXY EOER XIVPMLEX HEVM
TIPEOWEREER TVSWIHYV .EHM PERKOELPERKOEL ]ERK HMPEOWEREOER
WIWYEM HIRKER TVSWIHYV ]ERK WYHEL HMKEVMWOER 4IR]MQTERKER HEVM
TVSWIHYVFIVEVXMWYEXYMRHMOEXSVTIPERKKEVERHMWMTPMR
K 1IQTYR]EM FEXEW [EOXY 9RXYO QIRGETEM XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER
XIVXIRXY HEPEQ WMWXIQ OPEWMOEP FEXEW [EOXY QIRNEHM WEPEL WEXY GMVM
]ERKXMHEOFMWEHMXMRKKEPOER7IXMETXYNYEREOERHMFIVM[EOXYXIVXIRXY
OETERXYNYERLEVYWXIVGETEM
L (MEOLMVM HIRKER IZEPYEWM (EVM WPIYVYL OIKMEXER XIVWIFYX QEWEPEL
IZEPYEWM QIVYTEOER FEKMER TIRXMRK ]ERK XMHEO FMWE HMEFEMOER
)ZEPYEWM LEVYW KYVY PEOYOER YRXYO QIRKIXELYM XIVGETEM EXEY XMHEO
XYNYERTIQFIPENEVER]ERKXIPELHMXIRXYOER

*EOXSV]ERK1IQTIRKEVYLM4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER
7YTVM]EHM QIR]EXEOER FEL[E QYXY TIRHMHMOER
QIVYTEOEROYEPMXEWTIR]IPIRKKEVETIRHMHMOER]ERKQIPMTYXM
E OIWMETERWMW[E
F OIXIVWIHMEERXIREKETIRKENEV
G WEVEREHERTVEWEVERE
H QIXSHITIQFIPENEVER
I VIPIZERWM TIRHMHMO HIRKER OIFYXYLER HER WYEWERE PMRKOYRKER HER
MOPMQWIOSPEL
/IKMEXERFIPENEV]ERKFIVQYXYXIVHMVMHEVMIQTEXEWTIO]EMXY
E OIPIRKOETERHERTIQELEQEROYVMOYPYQ
F TIVWMETEROIKMEXERFIPENEVQIRKENEV/&1
G TIPEOWEREER/&1
H TIRMPEMER/&1
/IPIRKOETER HER TIQELEQER OYVMOYPYQ HMMRHMOEWM FEL[E HM WIOSPEL
XIVHETEX HSOYQIR OYVMOYPYQ XMRKOEX TIQELEQER OYVMOYPYQ SPIL YRWYV
TMQTMRERHERKYVYTIVERKOEX/&1HERPIQFEVOIVNEWMW[E0/7 4VSWIW
FIPENEVQIRKENEVFIVQYXYEOERQIRKLEWMPOERPYPYWER]ERKFIVOYEPMXEW
8IVHETEXXMKE JEOXSVYXEQE]ERKHETEXQIQTIRKEVYLMTVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVERERXEVEPEMREHEPELJEOXSV]ERKHEXERKHEVMKYVYWMW[EHER
PMRKOYRKERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX

44
E +YVY
4EHE WIFYEL TVSWIW TIRHMHMOERTIQFIPENEVER KYVY
QIVYTEOERWEPELWEXYOSQTSRIRXIVTIRXMRKOEVIREHMERKKETQEQTY
QIQELEQM QIRHEPEQM QIPEOWEREOER HER EOLMVR]E QIRGETEM
XYNYERTIRHMHMOER&IVHEWEVOERLEPXIVWIFYXQEOEKYVYQIRNEHMTMLEO
]ERK WERKEX QIQTIRKEVYLM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER 4IRKEVYL KYVY
HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER FIVOEMXER IVEX HIRKER
OITVSJIWMSREPMXEWER KYVY MXY WIRHMVM +YVY ]ERK TVSJIWMSREPHMHYOYRK
SPILXMKELEP]EORMOIELPMEROIQMXQIRHEROIXIVEQTMPER7IPEMRXMKE
LEP OITVSJIWMSREPER KYVY LEPLEP ]ERK EOER FIVTIRKEVYL XIVLEHET
TVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHMERXEVER]E
/SRHMWMHEPEQHMVMKYVY
/SRHMWM TWMOMW HER IQSWMSREP EOER WERKEX
QIQTIRKEVYLM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER %TE WENE ]ERK QIRNEHM
QIXSHI TIQFIPENEVER HER QEXIVM ]ERK EOER HMENEVOER EOER
QIRNEHM XMHEO QEOWMQEP OIXMOE HMPEOYOER HEPEQ TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER ETEFMPE OSRHMWM OINM[EER KYVY QIRKEPEQM
QEWEPEL +YVY ]ERK XIVPEPY KEPEO WIHERK QIRKEPEQM QEWEPEL
TVMFEHMEXEYTYRXMHEOFMWEQIRKRSRXVSPHMVEOERQIRNEHMJEOXSV
TIR]IFEFFYVYOR]ETIPEOWEREERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER
/IQEQTYERQIRKENEV
/IQEQTYER QIRKENEV FEKM WISVERK KYVY WERKEXPEL
TIRXMRK 7IFEKEM TIRKENEV WISVERK KYVY LEVYW HETEX
QIVERKWERK XIVNEHMR]E TVSWIW FIVTMOMV HER HETEX QIQFERXY
XYQFYLR]EWMOETOVMXMWWIVXEQEQTYQIRKYFELTERHERKERTEVE
QYVYHR]E/IQEQTYERQIRKENEVQIRNEHMWERKEXTIRXMRKYRXYO
HMOYEWEM QIRKMRKEX TVSWIW XVERWJIV TIRKIXELYER WMOET HER
OIXIVEQTMPER FIVPERKWYRK HMHEPEQR]E 8ERTE OIQEQTYER
QIRKENEV ]ERK FEMO TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER XMHEO EOER
FIVPERKWYRKWIGEVEQEOWMQEP
+YVYWIXMHEOR]ELEVYWQIRKYEWEMFELERFMHERKWXYHM
HEPEQOYVMOYPYQWIOSPELXIVQEWYOFELERTIRHEPEQERR]EWIVXE
OIQEQTYER QIRKIPSPE TVSKVEQ FIPENEV QIRKENEV WITIVXM
QIVYQYWOER XYNYER MRWXVYOWMSREP QIRKIREP HER HETEX
QIRKKYREOER QIXSHI QIRKENEV WIVXE QEQTY QIQMPML HER
QIR]YWYR TVSWIHYV MRWXVYOWMSREP ]ERK XITEX +YVY NYKE EOER
HMXYRXYX QIPEOWEREOER TVSKVEQ FIPENEV QIRKENEV QIRKIREP
OIQEQTYER WMW[E HER QIVIRGEREOER WIVXE QIPEOWEREOER
TIRKEVENERVIQIHMEP B
/IQEQTYER QIRKENEV KYVY NYKE IVXE OEMXERR]E A
HIRKER QIHME ]ERK HMKYREOER WIFIPYQ IVE KPSFEPMWEWM HER
B
IV
45
TIWEXR]E TIVOIQFERKER XIORSPSKM TIRKENEV OSRZIRWMSREP
QIRKKYREOER QIXSHI GIVEQEL WEXY EVEL HIRKER TETER XYPMW
HER OETYV PE^MQ HMKYREOER 2EQYR HM IVE KPSFEPMWEWM ]ERK
QIRKLEHMVOER FER]EO QIHME HER WYQFIV FIPENEV OIQEQTYER
QIRKENEV KYVY NYKE LEVYW HMWIWYEMOER HIRKER OSRHMWM ÊQER
4IRKKYREER QIHME ]ERK HMWYOEM HER QIREVMO TIVLEXMER WMW[E
NYKE XYVYX QIRMRKOEXOER OYEPMXEW HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
2EQYR HEPEQ QIRKKYREOER QIHME TIRHMHMOER WIFEKEM EPEX
OSQYRMOEWM LIRHEOR]E LEVYW HMHEWEVOER TEHE TIQMPMLER ]ERK
SFNIOXMJ 7IFEF TIRKKYREER QIHME TIRHMHMOER XMHEO WIOIHEV
QIREQTMPOERTVSKVEQTIRKENEVEROIHEPEQOIPEWOEVIRELEVYW
HMOEMXOERHIRKERXYNYERTIRKENEVER]ERKEOERHMGETEMWXVEXIKM
OIKMEXERFIPENEVQIRKENEVHERFELER
/IQEQTYERQIRKEXYVOSRHMWMOIPEW
/SRHMWMOIPEW]ERKOSRHYWMJFVOEMXERHIRKEROSRHMWM
WMW[EWEEXTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERWIHERKHMPEOYOER/SRHMWMOIPEW
]ERK FEMO QIRYRXYX XIVNEHMR]E MRXIVEOWM ERXEVE KYVY HER WMW[E
FEMO WEPMRK QIRKLEVKEM WILMRKKE TIR]IVETER QEXIVM ]ERK
HMWEQTEMOERKYVYXIVLEHETWMW[EHETEXFIVNEPERQEOWMQEP]ERK
EOER QIRKLEWMPOER LEWMP FIPENEV WITIVXM ETE ]ERK HMLEVETOER
/SRHMWM OIPEW ]ERK OSRHYWMJ EOER QIRKEOSQSHMV TIRGETEMER
IOWTPSVEWMFEOEXHERQMREXWMW[EHIRKERQEOWMQEPTYPE(EPEQ
TVEOXMOR]E OSRHMWM OIPEW ]ERK OSRHYWMJ QIVYTEOER WEPEL WEXY
JEOXSV ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK LEVYW
HMYWELEOERSPILKYVY

F 7MW[E
7MW[E WIFEKEM TIRIVMQE FIVFEKEM XVERWJIV TIRKIXELYER
WMOETHEROIXIVEQTMPERKYRETIVYFELERHEPEQHMVMR]EWIFEKEMTVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER NYKE QIRNEHM TIRIRXY HER LEP ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER MXY WIRHMVM (MERXEVE TIRKEVYL WMW[E HEPEQ
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER EHEPEL OSRHMWM WMW[E MXY WIRHMVM ]ERK
HMTIRKEVYLM FIVEKEQ EWTIO HEVM HEPEQ HMVMR]E HER PMRKOYRKER
WIOMXEVR]E ]ERK RERXMR]E EOER FIVHEQTEO TEHE OIWMETERR]E HEPEQ
QIRIVMQE TIPENEVER ,EPLEP ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER OSRHMWM WMW[E
XIVWIFYX EOER FIVHEQTEO PYEW FEKM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WITIVXM
QIQTIRKEVYLM WMW[E ]ERK PEMR HER OSRHMWM OIPEW 7MW[E ]ERK MRKMR
QIRKMOYXMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHIRKERFEMOEOERXIVKERKKYNMOEEHE
WEPELWEXYWMW[E]ERKQIRKKERKKYNEPERR]ETVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER

46
G 0MRKOYRKER
0MRKOYRKER ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
QIRGEOYTPMRKOYRKEROIPEWHERPMRKOYRKERWIOMXEVWIOSPEL
0MRKOYRKEROIPEW
0MRKOYRKER OIPEW QIVYTEOER WYEXY XIQTEX XIVXIRXY
]ERKWIGEVEWTEWMEPQIRNEHMPSOEWMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER/IPEW
XMHEO LER]E QIQMPMOM FEXEWER VYERK HEPEQ WIFYEL KIHYRK
WIOSPEL XETM HETEX HMPEOYOER HM QERE WENE EWEPOER XIVNEHM
MRXIVEOWMTIQFIPENEVERERXEVEKYVYHERWMW[EWIVXEQIVYTEOER
FEKMER HEVM TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK WMWXIQEXMW 0MRKOYRKER
OIPEWEOERWERKEXQIQTIRKEVYLMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER,EPMRM
FIVOEMXERHIRKEROSRHMWMHEPEQOIPEWMXYWIRHMVM
1MWEPR]E OSRHMWM OIFIVWMLER OIPEW WEVERE HER
TVEWEVERE EVWMXIOXYV TIRGELE]EER HER WIFEKEMR]E /SRHMWM
OIPEW ]ERK OSXSV NIPEW EOER QIRKERKKY TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
HERQIRMQFYPOERVEWEOIXMHEOR]EQERER8IVQEWYOWEVEREHER
TVEWEVERE EVWMXIOXYV HER TIRGELE]EER ]ERK FYVYO XYVYX EOER
QIQTIVFYVYOOYEPMXEWTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER
7EVERE HER TVEWEVERE HEPEQ OIPEW NYKE QIRGEOYT
FEKMER HEVM PMRKOYRKER OIPEW /IPEW HIRKER WEVERE HER
TVEWEVERE WITIVXM QINE OYVWM TETER XYPMW HER QIHME
TIQFIPENEVER]ERKQIREVMOEOERQIRMRKOEXOEROYEPMXEWTVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER,EPMRMFIVFIHEHIRKEROIPEWHIRKERWEVEREHER
TVEWEVERE ]ERK QMRMQ 1IWOMTYR OIPEW ]ERK QIQMPMOM WEVERE
HER TVEWEVERE ]ERK PIRKOET REQYR XMHEO HMKYREOER HIRKER
QEOWMQEP SPIL KYVY QEOE TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER NYKE EOER
XIVKERKKY
0MRKOYRKERWIOMXEVWIOSPEL
0SOEWM WIOSPEL XYVYX QIQTIRKEVYLM TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER 7IOSPEL ]ERK XIVPIXEO HM PMRKOYRKER ]ERK WINYO
HEREWVMEOERQIRHYOYRKTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER&IVFIHEHIRKER
WIOSPEL ]ERK XIVPIXEO HM PMRKOYRKER MRHYWXVM ]ERK TEREW HER
TIRYL TSPYWM EXEY WIOSPEL ]ERK XIVPIXEO HM PSOEWM ]ERK OIVET
OIFERNMVER/SRHMWMXIVWIFYXEOERQIQFE[EHEQTEOFYVYOFEKM
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER /SRHMWM WIOMXEV PMRKOYRKER WIOSPEL NYKE
XYVYXQIQTIRKEVYLMOEVEOXIVMWXMOWMW[E]ERKEOERFIVTIRKEVYL
HEPEQTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER

4IRMRKOEXER1YXY4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER B
%OXMZMXEW TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER QIVYTEOER MRXM HEVM TVSWIW A
TIRHMHMOERHERTIRHMHMOER EHEPELWEPELWEXYTIQIKERKYXEQE HMHEPEQ
B
IV
47
QIRKKIVEOOER OIQENYER HER TIVOIQFERKER HYRME TIRHMHMOER (EPEQ
9RHERKYRHERK2SQSV8ELYRXIRXERK+YVYHER(SWIRHMOEXEOER
bahwa Guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik,
QIRKENEVQIQFMQFMRKQIRKEVELOERQIPEXMLQIRMPEMHERQIRKIZEPYEWM
WMW[ETEHETIRHMHMOEREREOYWMEHMRMNEPYVTIRHMHMOERJSVQEPTIRHMHMOER
dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Oleh sebab itulah tanggung jawab
OIFIVLEWMPERTVRHMHMOERFIVEHEHMTYRHEOKYVY
(EPEQVERKOEQIRNEQMRQYXYTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERTEHEXMRKOEX
TIRHMHMOER HEWEV HER QIRIRKEL XIPEL HMXIXETOER WXERHEV TVSWIW YRXYO
WEXYER TIRHMHMOER HEWEV HER QIRIRKEL 7XERHEV TVSWIW EHEPEL WXERHEV
REWMSREP TIRHMHMOER ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER TIPEOWEREER TIQFIPENEVER
TEHE WEXYER TIRHMHMOER YRXYO QIRGETEM OSQTIXIRWM PYPYWER (ITHMOREW

(EPEQTIVEXYVERQIRXIVMTIRHMHMOER2EWMSREPVITYFPMO-RHSRIWME
2SQSV XELYR XIRXERK WXERHEV TVSWIW YRXYO WEXYER TIRHMHMOER
dasar dan menengah di kemukakan bahwa Standar proses meliputi
TIVIRGEREER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER TIPEOWEREER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
TIRMPEMER LEWMP TIQFIPENEVER HER TIRKE[EWER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER YRXY
XIVPEOWEREOERR]ETVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER]ERKIJIOXMJHERIJMWMIR

4IVIRGEREER4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER
1IRYVYX 7YV]SWYFVSXS TIVIRGEREER QIVYTEOER
WYEXY YTE]E YRXYO QIRIRXYOER FIVFEKEM OIKMEXER ]ERK EOER HMPEOYOER
HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO QIRGETEM OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMMRKMROER
HIRKERQEXIVMHERQIXSHI]ERKXIPELHMWIWYEMOER/EVIRETEHELEOMOEXR]E
FMPEWYEXYOIKMEXERHMVIRGEREOERXIVPIFMLHELYPYQEOEXYNYERHEVMOIKMEXER
XIVWIFYX EOER PIFML XIVEVEL HER PIFML FIVLEWMP 4IVIRGEREER TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVERHMWMRMQIPMTYXM
E 7MPEFYW ]ERK QIVYTEOER EGYER TIRKIQFERKER HEVM 6IRGERE
4IPEOWEREER 4IQFIPENEVER 644 ]ERK QIQYEX MHIRXMXEW QEXE
TIPENEVEREXEYXIQETIPENEVERWXERHEVOSQTIXIRWM7/ OSQTIXIRWM
HEWEV /( QEXIVM TIQFIPENEVER OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER MRHMOEXSV
TIRGETEMEROSQTIXIRWMTIRMPEMEREPSOEWM[EOXYHERWYQFIVFIPENEV
7MPEFYW HMOIQFERKOER SPIL WEXYER TIRHMHMOER FIVHEWEVOER WXERHEV
MWMHERWXERHEVOSQTIXIRWMPYPYWERWIVXEHMXYRNERKHIRKERTERHYER
/YVMOYPYQ8MRKOEX7EXYER4IRHMHMOER/874
F 644 HMNEFEVOER HEVM WMPEFYW YRXYO QIRKEVELOER OIKMEXER FIPENEV
WMW[EHEPEQYTE]EQIRGETEMOSQTIXIRWMHEWEV/( 7IXMETTIRHMHMO
TEHE WEXYER TIRHMHMOER FIVOI[ENMFER YRXYO QIR]YWYR 644 WIGEVE
PIRKOET HER WMWXIQEXMW EKEV TIQFIPENEVER FIVPERKWYRK WIGEVE
MRXIVEOXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ QIR]IRERKOER QIRERXERK QIQSXMZEWM WMW[E
48
YRXYO FIVTEXMWMTEWM EOXMJ HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER 644 HMWMRM
QIPMTYXM7XERHEV/SQTIXIRWM7/ /SQTIXIRWM(EWEV/( MRHMOEXSV
TIRGETEMEROSQTIXIRWMXYNYERTIQFIPENEVEROIKMEXERTIQFIPENEVER
TIRMPEMERLEWMPFIPENEVHERWYQFIVFIPENEV

4IPEOWEREER4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER
4IPEOWEREER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER QIRYVYX ;MREVRS HEPEQ
7YV]SWYFVSRS QIVYTEOER MRXIVEOWM ERXEVE TIRHMHMOHER WMW[E
]ERKHMPEOYOERHEPEQWYEXYVYERKERHIRKER[EOXYXIVXIRXYHEPEQVERKOE
QIR]EQTEMOERFELERTIPENEVERYRXYOQIGETEMXYNYERTIRKENEVER

4IRMPEMER,EWMP4IQFIPENEVER
1IRYVYXTIVEXYVERTIQIVMRXELVITYFPMRMRHSRIWME RS8ELYR
XIRXERK7XERHEV2EWMSREP4IRHMHMOERTIRMPEMERLEWMPFIPENEVHMPEOYOER
YRXYO QIPMLEX WINEYL QERE OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMGETEM SPIL WMW[E WIXIPEL
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER FIVPERKWYRK HER YRXYO QIRKIXELYM OIIJIOXMJER
TVSWIWFIPENEVQIRKENEV]ERKXIPELHMPEOYOERSPILTIRHMHMO4IRMPEMERHMWMRM
HETEX HMPEOYOER SPIL TIRHMHMO HIRKER QIRKEHEOER XIW JSVQEXMJ WIXMET
WIPIWEM QIR]ENMOER WEXY FELEWER OITEHE WMW[E 8IW JSVQEXMJ EHEPEL
TIRMPEMER ]ERK HMKYREOER YRXYO QIRKYOYV WEXY EXEY FIFIVETE TSOSO
FELEWERXIVXIRXYHERFIVXYNYERYRXYOQIQTIVSPILKEQFEVERXIRXERKHE]E
WIVETWMW[EXIVLEHETTSOSOFELEWERXIVWIFYX

4IRKE[EWER4VSWIW4IQFIPENEVER
4IRKE[EWERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERTIRKE[EWERHMWMRMHMPEOYOER
ERXEVE PEMR HIRKER GEVE TIQERXEYER WYTIVZMWM IZEPYEWM TIPETSVER HER
XMRHEOPERNYX]ERKHETEXHMPEOYOERWIGEVEPERKWYRKSPILOITEPEWIOSPEL

& 8VIR4IQFIPENEVER1EWE/MRM
8VIRTIQFIPENEVERQEWEOMRMEHEPELContextual Teaching and Learning
'80 HM QERE +YVY PIFML FER]EO FIVYVYWER HIRKER WXVEXIKM HEVMTEHE
memberi informasi; (2) pengetahuan diperoleh dari menemukan sendiri bukan
apa kata guru; (3) kontekstual sebagai strategi pembelajaran yang
HMOIQFERKOEREKEVTIQFIPENEVERFIVNEPERPIFMLTVSHYOXMJHERFIVQEOREXERTE
LEVYWQIRKYFELOYVMOYPYQHERXEXERER]ERKEHE

/SRWIT4IQFIPENEVER/SRXIOWXYEP
(EWEV JMPSWSJM TIQFIPENEVER OSRXIOWXYEP HM ERXEVER]E EHEPEL
TIRKIXELYER HMFERKYR SPIL QERYWME WIHMOMX HIQM WIHMOMX ]ERK LEWMPR]E B
HMTIVPYEW QIPEPYM OSRXIOW ]ERK XIVFEXEW WIQTMX QIRKIVYGYX HER XMHEO A
WIVXEQIVXE4IRKIXELYERFYOERPELWITIVERKOEXJEOXEJEOXEOSRWITEXEY
B
IV
49
OEMHEL]ERKWMETYRXYOHMEQFMPHERHMMRKEX1IRYWMELEVYWQIRKOSRWXVYOWM
TIRKIXELYERTIRKIXELYER MXY HER QIQFIVM QEORE QIPEPYM TIRKEPEQER
R]EXE
4IQFIPENEVEROSRXIOWXYEPEXEY '80QIVYTEOEROSRWITFIPENEV
]ERK QIQFERXY KYVY QIRKOEMXOER ERXEVE QEXIVM ]ERK HMENEVOER HIRKER
WMXYEWM HYRME R]EXE TIQFIPENEV HER QIRHSVSRK TIQFIPENEV QIQFYEX
LYFYRKERERXEVE TIRKIXELYER]ERK HMQMPMOMR]EHERTIRIVETERR]EHEPEQ
OILMHYTER QIVIOE WIFEKEM ERKKSXE OIPYEVKE HER QEW]EVEOEX WIVXE
TIRKIXELYER]ERKHMTIVSPILHEVMYWELEWMW[E QIRKOSRWXVYOWMOERWIRHMVM
TIRKIXELYERHEROIXIVEQTMPERFEVYOIXMOEMEFIPENEV
(EWEV TIQMOMVER FEL[E EREO EOER FIPENEV PIFML FEMO NMOE
PMRKOYRKER HMGMTXEOER EPEQMEL &IPENEV EOER PIFML FIVQEORE NMOE WMW[E
mengalami apa yang dipelajarinya, bukan mengetahuinya. Pembelajaran
]ERK FIVSVMIRXEWM XEVKIX TIRKYEWEER QEXIVM XIVFYOXM FIVLEWMP HEPEQ
kompetensi mengingat jangka pendIO XIXETM KEKEP HEPEQ QIQFIOEPM
WMW[EHEPEQQIQIGELOERTIVWSEPERHEPEQOILMHYTERNERKOETERNERK
&IVPERKWYR]E TIQFIPENEVER XMHEO XIVPITEW HIRKER PMRKOYRKER
WIOMXEV 7IWYRKKYLR]E TIQFIPENEVER XMHEO XIFEXEW TEHE XIQTEX HMRHMRK
OIPEW4IQFIPENEVERHIRKERTIRHIOEXERPMRKOYRKERQIRKLETYWOINIRYLER
HERQIRGMTXEOERWMW[E]ERKGMRXEPMRKOYRKER
&IVHEWEVOER XISVM FIPENEV QIPEPYM TIRHIOEXER PRKOYRKER
TIQFIPENEVER QIRNEHM FIVQEORE 7MOET ZIVFEPMWQI WMW[E XIVLEHET
TIRKYEWEER OSRWIT HETEX HMQMRMQEPOER HER TIQELEQER WMW[E EOER
QIQFIOEWHEPEQMRKEXERR]E
&YEL HEVM TVSWIW TIRHMHMOER HER TIQFIPENEVER EOLMVR]E EOER
FIVQYEVE TEHE PMRKOYRKER 1ERJEEX OIFIVLEWMPER TIQFIPENEVER EOER
XIVEWEQEREOEPEETE]ERKHMTIVSPILHEVMTIQFIPENEVERHETEXHMETPMOEWMOER
HER HMMQTPIQIRXEWMOER HEPEQ VIEPMXEW OILMHYTER -RMPEL WEPEL WEXY WMWM
TSWMXMJ ]ERK QIPEXEVFIPEOERKM TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER TIRHIOEXER
PMRKOYRKER
%HETYR]ERKHMQEOWYHHIRKERTIRHIOEXERPMRKOYRKEREHEPEL
WYEXY WXVEXIKM TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIQERJEEXOER PMRKOYRKER WIFEKEM
WEWEVER FIPENEV WYQFIV FIPENEV HER WEVERE FIPENEV ,EP XIVWIFYX HETEX
HMQERJEEXOER YRXYO QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL PMRKOYRKER HER YRXYO
QIREREQOERWMOETGMRXEPMRKOYRKER
'80 EXEY TIQFIPENEVER OSRXIOWXYEP QIVYTEOER TIQFIPENEVER
]ERK QIRIVETOER OSRWITOSRWIT TIRKIXELYER HER PMRKOYRKER WIOMXEV
TIQFIPENEVHETEXHIRKERQYHELHMOYEWEMWMW[EQIPEPYMTIRKEQEXERTEHE
WMXYEWM ]ERK OSROVIX (EQTEO TSWMXMJ HEVM HMXIVETOERR]E TIRHIOEXER
PMRKOYRKER]EMXYWMW[EHETEXXIVTEGYWMOETVEWEOIMRKMRXELYERR]EXIRXERK
WIWYEXY]ERKEHEHMPMRKOYRKERR]E
50
7IERHEMR]EOMXEVIRYRKMTMPEVTIRHMHMOER]EORMlearning to know
FIPENEV YRXYO QIRKIXELYM learning to be FIPENEV YRXYO QIRNEHM NEXM
HMVMR]E learning to do FIPENEVYRXYOQIRKIVNEOERWIWYEXY HERlearning to
life together OIQEQTYERYRXYOFIOIVNEWEQE HETEXHMPEOWEREOERQIPEPYM
TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER TIRHIOEXER PMRKOYRKER ]ERK HMOIQEW WIHIQMOMER
VYTESPILKYVY

/EVEOXIVMWXMO4IQFIPENEVER/SRWXIOXYEP
E /IVNEWEQEERXEVEWMW[EHERKYVY
F 7EPMRKQIRYRNERKERXEVEWMW[EHERKYVY
G &IPENEVHIRKERFIVKEMVELHERQIR]IRERKOER
H 4IQFIPENEVERXIVMRXIKVEWMWIGEVEOIRXIOWXYEP
I 1IRKKYREOERFIVFEKEMWYQFIVFIPENEV
J 7MW[EHETEXFIVFEKMHIRKERXIQER
K 7MW[EFIPENEVHIRKEREOXMJstudent active learning
L 7MW[EOVMXMWKYVYOVIEXMJ
M (MRHMRK WIOSPEL HER PSVSRKPSVSRK TIRYL HIRKER LEWMP OEV]E WMW[E
TIXETIXEKEQFEVEVXMOIPLYQSVHERPEMRPEMR
N 0ETSVEROITEHESVERKXYEFYOERLER]EVETSVXIXETMLEWMPOEV]EWMW[E
PETSVERLEWMPTVEOXMOYQOEVERKERWMW[EHERPEMRPEMR

4VMRWMT]ERK1IRHEWEVM4IQFIPENEVER/SRWXIOXYEP
E 7EPMRK&IVKERXYRK
4VMRWMT MRM QIQFYEX LYFYRKER ]ERK FIVQEORE making
meaningful connections ERXEVE TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HER OSRXIOW
OILMHYTER R]EXE WILMRKKE WMW[E FIVOI]EOMRER FEL[E FIPENEV
QIVYTEOER EWTIO ]ERK IWIRWMEP FEKM OILMHYTER HM QEWE HEXERK
4VMRWMT MRM QIRKENEO WMW[E QIRKIREPM OIXIVXEVMOER QIVIOE HIRKER
TIRHMHMOPEMRR]EWMW[EstakeholderHERPMRKOYRKERR]E
&IOIVNEWEQEcolaborating YRXYOQIQFERXYWMW[EFIPENEV
WIGEVE IJIOXMJ HEPEQ OIPSQTSO QIQFERXY WMW[E FIPENEV WIGEVE
IJIOXMJHEPEQOIPSQTSOQIQFERXYWMW[EYRXYOFIVMRXIVEOWMHIRKER
SVERK PEMR WEPMRK QIRKIQYOEOER KEKEWER WEPMRK QIRHIRKEVOER
YRXYO QIRIQYOER TIVWSEPER QIRKYQTYPOER HEXE QIRKSPEL HEXE
HERQIRIRXYOEREPXIVREXMJTIQIGELERQEWEPEL
F 4IVFIHEER
4VMRWMTHMJIVIRWMEWMTIVFIHEER EHEPELQIRHSVSRKWMW[E
QIRKLEWMPOER OIFIVEKEQER TIVFIHEER HER OIYRMOER 8IVGMTXER]E
OIQERHMVMER HEPEQ FIPENEV self-regulated learning ]ERK HETEX B
QIRKOSRWXVYOWMQMREXWMW[EYRXYOFIPENEVQERHMVMHEPEQOSRXIOWXMQ A
HIRKER QIRKOSPEFSVEWMOER FELER ENEV HIRKER OILMHYTER R]EXE
B
IV
51
HEPEQ VERKOE QIRGETEM XYNYER WIGEVE TIRYL QEORE
meaningfulness
8IVGMTXER]EFIVTMOMVOVMXMW HEROVIEXMJcritical and creative
thinking HM OEPERKER WMW[E HEPEQ VERKOE QIRKYQTYPOER
QIRKEREPMWMW HER QIR]MRXIWMW MRJSVQEWM KYRE QIRGEVM WSPYWM HER
QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL 8IVGMTXER]E OIQEQTYER WMW[E YRXYO
QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWM TSXIRWM TVMFEHM HEPEQ VERKOE QIRGMTXEOER HER
QIRKIQFERKOER KE]E FIPENEV ]ERK TEPMRK WIWYEM WILMRKKE HETEX
QIRKIQFERKOERTSXIRWMR]EWISTXMQEPQYRKOMRWIGEVEEOXMJOVIEXMJ
IJIOXMJ MRMZEXMJ HER QIR]IRERKOER WILMRKKE QIRKLEWMOER WIWYEXY
]ERKFIVQERJEEX
G 4IRKEXYVER(MVM
4VMRWMT TIRKEXYVER HMVM QIR]EXEOER FEL[E TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER HMEXYV HMTIVXELEROER HER HMHEWEVM SPIL WMW[E HEPEQ
VERKOEQIVIEPMWEWMOERWIPYVYLTSXIRWMR]E7MW[EWIGEVEWEHEVLEVYW
QIRIVMQEXERKKYRKNE[EFEXEWOITYXYWERHERTVMPEOYWIRHMVMQIRMPEM
PEXIVREXMJQIQFYEXTMPMLERQIRKIQFERKOER VIRGEREQIRKEREPMWMW
MRJSVQEWMQIRGMTXEOERWSPYWMHERHIRKEROVMXMWQIRMPEMFYOXM
1IPEPYM MRXIVEOWM ERXEV WMW[E EOER HMTIVSPIL TIRKIVXMER
FEVYTERHERKERFEVYWIOEPMKYWQIRIQYOERQMREXTVMFEHMOIOYEXER
MQENMREWMOIQEQTYERQIVIOEHEPEQFIVXELERHERQIRIQYOERWMWM
OIXIVFEXEWERHMVM
H 4IRMPEMER(MVM
4IRKKYREER TIRMPEMER EYXIRXMO ]EMXY QIRERXERK WMW[E
EKEV HETEX QIRKETPMOEWMOER FIVFEKEM MRJSVQEWM EOEHIQMW FEVY HER
OIXIVEQTMPERR]EOIHEPEQWMXYEWMOSRXIOWXYEPWIGEVEWMKRMJMOER

4IVFIHEER4IRHIOEXER/SRWXIOXYEPHIRKER4IRHIOEXER8VEHMWMSREP
4IRHIOEXER/SRXIOWXYEP 4IRHIOEXER8VEHMWSREP
7MW[EEOXMJXIVPMFEX 7MW[EQIRIVMQEMRJSVQEWM
&IPENEVHIRKEROIVNEWEQE &IPENEVMRHMZMHYEP
&IVOEMXERHIRKEROILMHYTE &IVWMJEXEFWXVEO
R]EXEQEWEPEL]ERKHMWMQYPEWMOER
4VMPEOYHMFERKYREXEWOIWEHEVERWIHRMVM 4VMPEOYHMFERKYREXEWOIFMEWEER
/IXIVEQTMPERHMOIQFERKOEREXEWHEWEV /IXIVEQTMPERHMOIQFERKOEREXEWHEWEV
TIQELEQER PEXMLER
1IQTIVSPILOITYEWERHMVM 1IQTIVSPILTYNMERHERRMPEMWENE
/IWEHEVERXYQFYLHEVMHEPEQYRXYOXMHEO 8MHEOQIPEOYOER]ERKNIPIOOEVIREXEOYX
QIPEOOER]ERKFYVYO LYOYQER
52
&ELEWEHMENEVOERHIRKERTIRHIOEXER &ELEWEHMENEVOERHIRKERTIRHIOEXER
OSQYRMOEXMJHMKYREOERHEPEQOSRXIOW WXVYOXYVEPOIQYHMERHMPEXMLOER
R]EXE
4IQELEQERVYQYWHMOIQFERKOEREXEW 6YQYWEHEHMPYEVWMW[E]ERKLEVYW
HEWEVWMWXIQEXMO]ERKWYHELEHEHEPEQ HMXIVERKOERHMXIVMQEHMLEJEPOERHER
HMVMWMW[E HMPEXMLOER
4IQELEQERVYQYWVIPEXMJFIVFIHE 6YQYWEHEPELOIFIREVEREFWSPYX
7MW[EEOXMJOVMXMWFIVKIPYXHIRKERMHI 7MW[ETEWMJLER]EQIRIVMQEXERTE
OSRXVMFYWMMHI
'IRHIVYRKQIRKMRXIKVEWMOERFIFIVETE 'IRHIVYRKXIVJSOYWTEHEWEXYFMHERK
FMHERK HMWMTPMRMPQYXIVXIRXY
4IRKIXELYERHMFERKYRHEVM 4IRKIXELYERHMXERKOETHEVMJEOXEOSRWIT
OIFIVQEOEREER EXEYLYOYQ
4IRKIXELYERWIPEPYFIVOIQFERK /FIREVERFIVWMJEXEFWSPYXHER
WINEPERHIRKERJIRSQIREFEVY TIRKIXELYERFIVWMJEXJMREP
7MW[EFIVXERKKYRKNE[EFQIQSRMXSVHER 7MW[EEHEPELTIRIRXYNEPERR]ETVSWI
QIRKIQFERKOERTIQFIPENEVER TIQFIPENEVER
7MW[EQIRKKYREOER[EOXYFIPENEVR]E ;EOXYFIPENEVWMW[EWIFEKEMERFIWEV
YRXYOQIRIQYOERQIRKKEPMFIVHMWOYWM HMTIVKYREOERYRXYOQIRKIVNEOERFYOY
FIVTMOMVOVMXMWEXEYQIRKIVNEOERTVS]IO XYKEWQIRHIRKEVGIVEQELHERQIRKMWM
HERTIQIGELERQEWEPELQIPEPYMOIVNE PEXMLERWIFEKEMOIVNEMRHMZMHY
OIPSQTSO
4IRKLEVKEERXIVLEHETTIRKEPEQERWMW[E 4IQFIPENEVERXMHEOQIQTIVLEXMOER
WERKEXHMYXEQEOER TIRKEPEQERWMW[E
,EWMPFIPENEVHMYOYVHIRKERTVMRWMT ,EWMPFIPENEVHMYOYVHIRKERQIPEPYM
TIRMPEMEREYXIRXMO OIKMEXEREOEHIQMOHEPEQFIRXYO
XIWTYNMERYPERKER
4IQFIPENEVERXIVNEHMHMFIVFEKEMXIQTEX 4IQFIPENEVERXIVNEHMHMVYERKOIPEW
OSRXIOWHERWIXXMRK
4IR]IWEPERXIVNEHMOEVIREOIWEHEVERHMVM 4IR]IWEPEREHEPELLYOYQERHEVMTIVMPEOY
FEL[ELEPXIVWIFYXQIVYKMOER NIPIO

/SQTSRIR4IQFIPENEVER/SRWXIOXYEP
&IFIVETEOSQTSRIR]ERKQIRHEWEVMTIQFIPENEVEROSRWXIOXYEP
HER HETEX HMTIHSQM SPIL KYVY HEPEQ QIRKIQEW TIQFIPENEVER HM OIPEW
]EMXY
E /SRWXVYOXMZMWQI
/SRWXVYOXMZMWQIEHEPELQIQFERKYRTIQELEQERHEVMHMVM
WMW[E WIRHMVM QIRNEHM TIRKEPEQER HER [E[EWER FEVY FIVHEWEVOER
B
A
B
IV
53
TEHETIRKIXELYERE[EP4IQFIPENEVERLEVYWHMOIQEWQIRNEHMTVSWIW
mengkonstruksi bukan menerima pengetahuan.
4IRKIXELYERHMFERKYRWIHMOMXHIQMWIHMOMX]ERKLEWMPR]E
HMTIVPYEW QIPEPYM OSRXIOW ]ERK XIVFEXEW HER XMHEO HIRKER XMFEXMFE
4IRKIXELYERFYOERPELWITIVERKOEXJEOXEJEOXEOSRWITEXEYOEMHEL
]ERK WMET YRXYO HMEQFMP HER HMMRKEX 8IXETM WMW[E LEVYW
QIRKOSRWXVYOWM TIRKEXELYER MXY HER QIQFIVM QEORE QIPEPYM
TIRKEPEQR]EXE
7MW[E TIVPY HMFMEWEOER YRXYO QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL
QIRIQYOERWIWYEXY]ERKFIVKYREFEKMHMVMR]EHERFIVKIPYXHIRKER
MHIMHI ]EMXY WMW[E LEVYW QIRKSRWXVYOWMOER TIRKIXELYER HMFIREO
QIVIOE WIRHMVM )WIRWM XISVM OSRWXVYOXMZMWQI EHEPEL MHI FEL[E TEVE
WMW[E LEVYW QIRIQYOER HER QIRXVERWJSVQEWMOER WYEXY MRJSVQEWM
OSQTPIOWOIWMXYEWMPEMRHERETEFMPEHMOILIRHEOMMRJSVQEWMXIVWIFYX
QINEHM QMPOM QIVIOE WIRHMVM (IRKER HEWEV MRM TIQFIPENEVER LEVYW
HMOIQEW QIRNEHM TVSWIW QIRKSRWXVYOWM FYOER QIRIVMQE
TIRKIXELYER
0ERHEWERFIVTMOMVOSRWXVYOXMZMWQIWIHMOMXFIVFIHEHIRKER
OEYQ SFNIOXMJ ]ERK PIFML QIRIOEROER TEHE LEWMP TIQFIPENEVER
(EPEQ TERHERKER OSRWXVYOXMZMWQI WXVEXIKM QIQTIVSPIL PIFML
HMYXEQEOER HMFERHMRKOER WIFIVETE FER]EO WMW[E QIQTIVSPIL HER
QIRKMRKEX
/SRWXVYOXMZMWQI QIVYTEOER TIRHIOEXER TIQFIPENEVER
]ERKFIVSVMIRXEWMTEHEXIVFERKYRR]ETIQELEQERHERTIRKIXELYER
WIRHMVM WIGEVE EOXMJ OVIEXMJ MRSZEXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ HER TVSHYOXMJ
FIVHEWEVOER TIRKIXELYER XIVHELYPY HER HEVM TIRKEPEQER FIPENEV
]ERK FIVQEORE 4IRKIXELYER WIFEMOR]E HMOSRWXVYOWM PIFML HELYPY
QIPEPYM TIRKKEPMER TSXIRWM TIRKEPEQER R]EXE HER TIRKIXELYER
WMW[E+YVYQIRJEWMPMXEWMWMW[EEKEVXIVFMEWEQIQIGELOERQEWEPEL
QIRGEVM WSPYWM EXEW QEWEPEL QIRIQYOER WIWYEXY ]ERK FIVQEORE
HERQIRKIQFERKOERKEKEWERKEKEWERFEVY4VMRWMTOSRWXVYOXMZMWQI
]ERKLEVYWHMQMPMOMKYVYEHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4VSWIWTIQFIPENEVERPIFMLYXEQEHEVMTEHELEWMPTIQFIPENEVER
-RJSVQEWM]ERKWEVEXHIRKEROIFIVQEOREERHERVIPIZERHIRKER
OILMHYTER R]EXE WMW[E PIFML TIRXMRK HEVMTEHE MRJSVQEWM
ZIVFEPMWXMO
7MW[E QIRHETEXOER OIWIQTEXER WIPYEWPYEWR]E YRXYO
QIRIQYOER QIRKIQFERKOER HER QIRKYNMXIVETOER MHIR]E
WIRHMVM
7MW[E HMFIVMOER OIFIFEWER YRXYO QIRIVETOER WXVEXIKM
FIPENEVR]EWIRHMVM
54
4IRKIXELYER WMW[E HMFERKYR HER HMOIQFERKOER QIPEPYM
TIRKEPEQERWIRHMVM
4IRKEPEQER WMW[E EOER FIVOIQFERK WIQEOMR HEPEQ HER
WIQEOMROYEXETEFMPEHMYNMHIRKERTIRKEPEQFEVY
4IRKEPEQER WMW[E FMWE HMKYREOER WIGEVE EWMQMPEWM
TIRKIXELYERFEVYHMFERKYRHEVMTIRKIXELYER]ERKWYHELEHE
QEYTYR EOSQSHEWM WXVYOXYV TIRKIXELYER ]ERK WYHEL EHE
HMQSHMJMOEWMYRXYOQIR]IWYEMOERLEHMVR]ETIRKEPEQERFEVY

F -ROYMVM1IRIQYOER
-ROYMVM EHEPEL WYEXY TVSWIW YRXYO QIQIVSPIL HER
QIRHETEXOER MRJSVQEWM HIRKER QIPEOYOER SFWIVZEWM HER
IOWTIVMQIR YRXYO QIRGEVM NE[EFER EXEY QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL
XIVLEHET VYQYWER QEWEPEL XIVLEHET TIVXER]EER EXEY QEWEPEL
HIRKERQIRKIQFERKOEROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVOVMXMWHERPSKMW
-ROYMVM NYKE HETEX HMQEOREM WIFEKEM TVSWIW TIVTMRHELER
HER TIRKEQEXER QIRNEHM TIQELEQER HER TIRKIXELYER 7MW[E
FIPENEV QIRKKYREOER OIXIVEQTMPER FIVTMOMV OVMXMW HER EREPMWXMW
4IQFIPENEVER XMHEO HMSVMIRXEWMOER YRXYO QIRKMRKEX HER QIRKLEJEP
WIHIVIXER JEOXE OSRWIT TIRKIXELYER XIXETM HOIQEW HIRKER
OIKMEXEROIKMEXER FIVQEORE YRXYO QIRKLEWMPOER XIQYER ]ERK
HMTIVSPIL WIRHMVM SPIL WMW[E FEMO WIGEVE MRHMZMHYEP EXEYTYR WIGEVE
OIPSQTSO
(IRKER TVSWIW MROYMVM [E[EWER WMW[E QIRNEHM
FIVOIQFERK4IRKIXELYERHEROIXIVEQTMPEREOERPIFMLPEQEHMMRKEX
ETEFMPEWMW[EQIRIQYOERWIRHMVMMRJSVQEWMHIRKERFYOXMFYOXMEXEY
HEXE JEOXYEP HER EOXYEP ]ERK HMXIQYOER WIRHMVM SPIL QIVIOE 7EPEL
WEXYXYNYERTIQFIPENEVERMROYMVMEHEPELYRXYOQIQFIVMOERGEVEFEKM
WMW[E QIQFERKYR OIGEOETEROIGEOETER FIVTMOMV XIVOEMX TVSWIW
FIVTMOMV VIJPIOXMJ HER TEHE EOLMVR]E XIVFERKYR GEVEGEVE YRXYO
QIQFERXYWMW[EQIQFERKYROIQEQTYER

G Questioning
Questioning EXEYFIVXER]EQIVYTEOEROIKMEXERKYVYYRXYO
QIRHSVSRK QIQFMQFMRK HER QIRMPEM OIQEQTYER FIVTMOMV WMW[E
&EKMWMW[E]ERKQIVYTEOERFEKMERTIRXMRKHEPEQTIQFIPENEVER]ERK
FIVFEWMWMROYMVM
/IMRKMRXELYER WMW[E XIRXERK TIRKIXELYER OSRWIT
OIR]EXEER ]ERK HMXIQYM HMLEHETERR]E XIRXY WENE HMTIVSPIL HEVM B
TVSWIW FIVXER]E +YVY QIRWXMQYPYW WMW[E EKEV QEY HER QEQTY A
FIVXER]EYRXYOQIRKIQFERKOEROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVR]E
B
IV
55
4VMRWMT ]ERK TIVPY HMTIVLEXMOER KYVY HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER
FIVOEMXERHIRKEROSQTSRIRFIVXER]EWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4IRKKEPMER MRJSVQEWM PIFML IJIOXMJ ETEFMPE HMPEOYOER QIPEPYM
FIVXER]E
/SRJSVQEWM XIVLEHET ETE ]ERK WYHEL HMOIXELYM WMW[E PIFML
IJIOXMJQIPEPYMXER]ENE[EF
(EPEQ VERKOE TIREQFERLER EXEY TIQERXETER TIQELEQER
PIFML IJIOXMJ HMPEOYOER PI[EX HMWOYWM FEMO OIPSQTSO QEYTYR
OIPEW
&EKMKYVYFIVXER]EOITEHEWMW[EFMWEQIRHSVSRKQIQFMQFMRK
HERQIRMPEMOIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVWMW[E
(EPEQTIQFIPENEVER]ERKTVSHYOXMJOIKMEXERFIVXER]EFIVKYRE
YRXYO QIRKKEPM MRJSVQEWM QIRKIGIO TIQELEQER WMW[E
QIQFERKOMXOERVIWTSRWMW[EQIRKIXELYMOEHEVOIMRKMRXELYER
WMW[EQIRKIXELYMLEPLEP]ERKHMOIXELYMWMW[E QIQJSOYWOER
TIVLEXMER WMW[E WIWYEM HIRKER ]ERK HMOILIRHEOM KYVY
QIQFERKOMXOER PIFML FER]EO TIVXER]EER FEKM WMW[E HER
QIR]IKEVOERTIRKIXELYERWMW[E

H Learning Community
Learning Community EXEY QEW]EVEOEX FIPENEV QIVYTEOER
OSQTSRIR TIQFIPENEVER OSRXIOWXYEP ]ERK QIRKEVELOER TEHE
TIRKEXYVERTIQFIPENEVERWIGEVEOSSTIVEXMJEXEYFIOIVNEWEQEYRXYO
QIRGETEMLEWMPTIPENEVER]ERKSTXMQEP
,EWMP FIPENEV FIVYTE TIRKIQFERKER [E[EWER
TIQIVSPILERTIRKIXELYERXIRXERKJEOXEJEOXEHEROSRWITWMW[EFMWE
HMTIVSPIL HIRKER FIVFEKM HER WEPMRK QIQMRXEVOER ERXEVXIQER
ERXEVOIPSQTSOHERERXEVE]ERKXELYOITEHE]ERKXMHEOXELYFEMOHM
HEPEQ QEYTYR HM PYEV OIPEW 4IQFIPENEVER HMOIQEW HIRKER
TIQFIPENEVEROSSTIVEXMJHEPEQOIPSQTSOHERERXEVOIPSQTSOHIRKER
ERKKSXE LIXIVSKIR HER NYQPEL ]ERK FIVZEVMEWM /SQTSRIR MRM
QIRKEVELOER FEL[E FIOIVNE WEQE HIRKER SVERK PEMR PIFML FEMO
HEVMTEHEFIPENEVWIRHMVM&IVXYOEVTIRKEPEQERHERFIVFEKMMHI
4VMRWMTTVMRWMT ]ERK FMWE HMTIVLEXMOER KYVY OIXMOE
QIRIVETOER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FIVOSRWIRXVEWM TEHE OSQTSRIR
Learning Community EHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4EHE HEWEVR]E LEWMP FIPENEV HMTIVSPIL HEVM OIVNEWEQE EXEY
FIVFEKMHIRKERTMLEOPEMR
Sharing FIVFEKM XIVNEHMETEFMPEEHETMLEO]ERKWEPMRKQIQFIVM
HER WEPMRK QIRIVMQE MRJSVQEWM &IVFEKM XIVNEHM ETEFMPE EHE
OSQYRMOEWMHYEEVELEXEYQYPXMEVEL
56
1EW]EVEOEXFIPENEVXIVNEHMETEFMPEQEWMRKQEWMRKTMLEOXIVPMFEX
HM HEPEQR]E WEHEV FEL[E TIRKIXELYER TIRKEPEQER HER
OIXIVEQTMPER]ERKHMQMPMOMR]EFIVQERJEEXFEKM]ERKPEMR
7MW[E ]ERK XIVPMFEX HEPEQ QEW]EVEOEX FIPENEV TEHE HEWEVR]E
FMWEQIRNEHMWYQFIVFIPENEV

I Modelling
7EPEL WEXY OSQTSRIR TIQFIPENEVER OSRXIOWXYEP EHEPEL
modelling EXEYTIQSHIPER]ERKQIVYTEOERTVSWIWTIREQTMPERWYEXY
GSRXSL EKEV WMW[E QEQTY FIVTMOMV FIOIVNE HER FIPENEV 7MW[E
QIRKIVNEOER ETE HMMRWXVYOWMOER +YVY QIQFIVMOER GSRXSL FYOER
YRXYOHMXMVYXIXETMEKEVWMW[EQEQTYQIRKOVIEWMQIRKIVNEOERHER
QIRKIQFERKOERWIWYEXYWIWYEM]ERKHMQSHIPOER
4IQSHIPERFMWEFIVYTETIQFIVMERGSRXSLQMWEPR]EGEVE
QIRKSTVEWMOERWIWYEXYQIRYRNYOERLEWMPOEV]E QIQTIVXSRXSROER
WYEXYTIREQTMPER'EVETIQFIPENEVERWIQEGEQMRMEOERPIFMLGITEX
HMTELEQM WMW[E HEVM TEHE LER]E QIRNIPEWOER EXEY QIRGIVEQELM
WMW[E
4VMRWMTTVMRWMTOSQTSRIRmodelling ]ERKFMWEHMTIVLEXMOER
KYVYOIXMOEQIPEOWEREOERTIQFIPENEVEREHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4IRKIXELYER HER OIXIVEQTMPER HMTIVSPIL HIRKER FEMO ETEFMPE
EHEQSHIPEXEYGSRXSL]ERKFMWEHMXMVY
1SHIP EXEY GSRXSL FMWE HMTIVSPIL PERKWYRK HEVM ]ERK
FIVOSQTIXIREXEYHEVMELPMR]E
1SHIP EXEY GSRXSL FMWE FIVYTE GEVE QIRKSTVEWMOER WIWYEXY
GSRXSLLEWMPOEV]EEXEYQSHIPTIREQTMPER

J Reflection
/SQTSRIR MRM ]ERK QIVYTEOER FEKMER HEVM TIQFIPENEVER
HIRKER TIRHIOEXER '80 ]ERK QIVYTEOER TIVIRYRKER OIQFEPM EXEW
TIRKIXELYER]ERKFEVYHMTIPENEVM1IRGEXEXETE]ERKXIPELHMTIPENEVM
QIQMOMVOEROIFIVQERJEEXERETE]ERKHMTIPENEVM
(IRKER QIQMOMVOER ETE ]ERK FEVY WENE HMTIPENEVM
QIRIPEELHERQIVIWTSRWIQYEOINEHMEREOXMZMXEWEXEYTIRKEPEQER
]ERKXIVNEHMHEPEQTIQFIPENEVERFELOERQIQFIVMOERQEWYOEREXEY
WEVERNMOEHMTIVPYOER
7MW[E EOER QIR]EHEVM FEL[E TIRKIXELYER ]ERK
HMTIVSPILR]EQIVYTEOERTIRKEPEQERFEVYTIRKIXELYER[E[EWER
FEVY TIRKE]EER EXEY FELOER VIZMWM TIRKIXELYER ]ERK XIPEL HMQMPMOM B
WIFIPYQR]E ,EP MRM TIRXMRK HMFIPENEVOER TEHE WMW[E EKEV QIVIOE A
QIRKLEVKEMTVSWIWTIVSPILERTIRKIXELYEMXY
B
IV
57
4VMRWMTTVMRWMTHEWEV]ERKTIVPYHMTIVLMXYRKOERKYVYHEPEQ
VERKOETIRIVETEROSQTSRIRVIJPIOWMEHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4IVIRYRKER EXEW WIWYEXY TIRKIXELYER ]ERK FEVY HMTIVSPIL
QIVYTEOERTIRKE]EEREXEWTIRKIXELYERWIFIPYQR]E
4IVIRYRKER QIVYTEOER VIWTSR EXEW OINEHMER EOXMZMXEW EXEY
TIRKIXELYER]ERKFEVYHMTIVSPILR]E
4IVIRYRKER FMWE FIVYTE TIR]EQTEMER TIRMPEMER EXEW
TIRKIXELYER ]ERK FEVY HMXIVMQE QIQFYEX GEXEXER WMRKOEX
HMWOYWMHIRKERXIQERWINE[EXEXEYYRNYOOIVNE

g. Authentic %WWIWWQIRX
Authentic Assessment EXEY TIRMPEMER EYXIRXMO QIVYTEOER
WEPELWEXYOSQTSRIR'80]EMXYTVSWIWTIRKYQTYPERFIVFEKEMHEXE
]ERK FMWE QIQFIVMOER KEQFEVER EXEY MRJSVQEWM XIRXERK
TIVOIQFERKER TIRKEPEQER FIPENEV WMW[E 1IRKYOYV TIRKIXELYER
HER OIXIVEQTMPER WMW[E FIVHEWEVOER TIRMPEMER ]ERK QIRKYOYV
OSQTIXIRWM WMW[E HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER HER HEPEQ QIPEOWEREOER
XYKEWXYKEW]ERKVIPIZERHEROSRWXIOXYEP
4IRMPEMER EYXIRXMO HMEVELOER TEHE TVSWIW QIRKEQEXM
QIRKEREPMWMW HER QIREJWMVOER HEXE ]ERK XIPEL XIVOYQTYP OIXMOE
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER FIVPERKWYRK FYOER WIQEXEQEXE TEHE LEWMP
TIQFIPENEVER
4VMRWMT HEWEV ]ERK TIVPY QIRNEHM TIVLEXMER KYVY OIXMOE
QIRIVETOER OSQTSRIR TIRMPEMER EYXIRXMO HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER
EHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
4IRMPEMER EYXIRXMO FYOER QIRKLEOMQM WMW[E XIXETM YRXYO
QIRKIXELYMTIVOIQFERKERTIRKEPEQERFIPENEVWMW[E
4IRMPEMERHMPEOYOERWIGEVEOSQTVILIRWMJHERWIMQFERK ERXEVE
TIRMPEMERTVSWIWHERLEWMP
+YVY QIRNEHM TIRMPEM ]ERK OSRWXVYOXMJ constructive evaluation
]ERKHETEXQIVIJPIOWMOERFEKEMQEREWMW[EFIPENEVFEKEMQERE
WMW[E QIRKLYFYRKOER ETE ]ERK QIVIOE OIXELYM HIRKER
FIVFEKEM OSRXIOW HER FEKEMQERE TIVOIQFERKER FIPENEV WMW[E
HEPEQFIVFEKEMOSRXIOWFIPENEV
4IRMPEMEREYXIRXMOQIQFIVMOEROIWIQTEXERWMW[EYRXYOHETEX
QIRKIQFERKOERTIRMPEMERHMVM self-assessment HERTIRMPEMER
WIWEQEpeer assessment

58
' 4%-/)1HEPEQ4IQFIPENEVER
4IQFIPENEVER%OXMJMRSZEXMJ/VIEXMJ)JIOXMJHER1IR]IRERKOER4%-/)1
-WXMPEL 4%-/)1 XMHEO XIVGERXYQ HEPEQ YRHERKYRHERK EXEY
TIVEXYVER ]ERK QERE TYR 4-/)1 HEPEQ HYRME TIRHMHMOER QIVYTEOER
WMRKOEXER HEVM TIQFIPENEVER EOXMJ MRSZEXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ OVIEXMJ IJIOXMJ HER
QIR]IRERKOER QIRERXERK &ELOER FMWE QIRNEHM 4%-/)1 KIQFVSX
KIQFMVEHERFIVFSFSX %HETYPE]ERKQIR]IFYX4%(-/)1TIQFIPENEVER
EOXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ HMEPSKMH HMREQMW OVIEXMJ IJIOXMJ QIR]IRERKOER HER
QIRERXERK 7IQYER]E XMHEO EHE ]ERK WEPEL =ERK TEWXM WIFEKEM KYVY
FIVXYKEW QIRKIQEW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HMEQERELOER 9RHERK9RHERK
2SQSV8ELYR99742 4EWEPE]EX ]ERKQIR]EXEOERFEL[E
TIRHMHMO HER XIREKE OITIRHMHMOER FIVOI[ENMFER QIRGMTXEOER WYEWERE
TIRHMHMOER]ERKFIVQEOREQIR]IRERKOEROVIEXMJHMREQMWHERHMEPSKMW
(MTIVOYEXHIRKER4IVQIRHMOFYH2SQSV8ELYRXIRXERK
7XERHEV4VSWIWQIR]EXEOERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERTEHEWEXYERTIRHMHMOER
HMWIPIRKKEVEOER WIGEVE MRXIVEOXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ QIR]IRERKOER QIRERXERK
QIQSXMZEWMWMW[EYRXYOFIVTEVXMWMTEWMEOXMJWIVXEQIQFIVMOERVYERK]ERK
GYOYT FEKM TVEOEVWE OVIEXMZMXEW HER OIQERHMVMER WIWYEM HIRKER FEOEX
QMREX HER TIVOIQFERKER JMWMO WIVXE TWMOSPSKMW WMW[E 9RXYO MXY WIXMET
WYEXY TIRHMHMOER QIPEOYOER TIVIRGEREER TIQFIPENEVER TIPEOWEREER
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WIVXE TIRMPEMER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO
QIRMRKOEXOERIJMWMIRWMHERIJIOXMZMXEWOIXIVGETEMEROSQTIXIRWMPYPYWER
0ERHEWER LYOYQ HM EXEW QIRNEHM TMNEOER FEKM WISVERK KYVY
YRXYOQIVERGERKTIQFIPENEVERWIWYEMHIRKEROSQTIXIRWMWMW[EQIPEPYM
TIRIVETER QSHIPQSHIP TIQFIPENEVER WIFEKEM WXVEXIKM FEKM KYVY YRXYO
QIRKIOWTPSVEWM HMVM HM OIPEW %XYVER XIVWIFYX QIRKMW]EVEXOER FEL[E
4%-/)1 FYOER WIOIHEV [EGERE XIXETM PE]EO FELOER [ENMF HMPEOWEREOER
HEPEQTIQFIPENEVER
4%-/)1 QIRKLIRHEOM TIVER WISVERK KYVY ]ERK QEOWMQEP
WIFEKEM TIVERGERK TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO QIQSXMZEWM HEPEQ QIRKIQEW
TIQFIPENEVER 4IRYKEWER KYVY YRXYO QIRKIPSPE OIPEW HIRKER FEMO EOER
FIVLEWMPKYREQIRGETEMXYNYERTIQFIPENEVER
-WXMPEL 4%-/)1 TIQFIPENEVER EOXMJ MRSZEXMJ MRWTMVEXMJ OVIEXMJ
IJIOXMJ HER QIR]IRERKOER QYPEM QIQFYQM HEPEQ HYRME TIQFIPENEVER
[EPEYTYR TIPEOWEREER]E QEWML FIPYQ QIVEXE 1EWML FER]EO KYVY ]ERK
FIPYQQIRKIXELYMFEKEMQEREGEVEQIRIVETOERR]EEXEYTYRQEWMLFIPYQ
TYR]E IRIVKM YRXYO QIRKETMXYPEWMOER HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER HM OIPEW &MWE
NEHMLEPXIVWIFYXHMWIFEFOERWSWMEPMWEWMXIRXERK4%-/)1MXYWIRHMVMFIPYQ
XIVWIRXYLSPILKYVYKYVY B
4IFIPENEVER EOXMJ EHEPEL TIRHIOEXER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK PIFML A
FEMO QIPMFEXOER EOXMZMEXW WMW[E 7MW[E HMWXMQYPEWM YRXYO QIRKMOYXM
B
IV
59
TIQFIPENEVERHIRKERERXYWMEWHERQSXMZEWMXMRKKMYRXYOQIQFERKYROIVNE
WEQE
8YNYERR]E EHEPEL EKEV WMW[E QEQTY WIGEVE OXMJ QIQTIVSPIL
TIRKEPEQERFIPENEVQIRKIQFERKOEROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVQIRKEREPMWMW
QIR]MRXIWMW QIRMPEM HER QIRIVETOERR]E HEPEQ OILMHYTER WILEVMLEVM
+YVY WIFEMOR]E QIRKKYREOER FIFVFEKEM WXVEXIKM ]ERK EOXMJ HER
OSRWXIOXYEP QIPMFEXOER TIQFIPENEVER FIVWEQE EXEY TIQFIPENEVER
OSSTIVEXMJcooperative learning ]ERKQIRKEOSQSHEWMTIVFIHEERKIRHIV
OIQEQTYER WMOET HER KE]E FIPENEV QEWMRKQEWMRK WMW[E 7IQYER]E
HMPEOYOERKYREQIQEOWMQEPOEROIQEQTYERWMW[EYRXYOQIQELEQMHER
HETEXQIRKKYREOERMRJSVQEWMFEVY]ERKEHE
4IQFIPENEVER MRSZEXMJ QIVYTEOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK
QIRHSVSRK KYVY HER WMW[E QIRGMTXEOER QIRKOVIEWM QIRKMRSZEWM
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK XIVWIPIRKKEVE +YVY HER WMW[E FIVWEQEWEQE
QIRKIQEW TIQFIPENEVER FEVY HER FIVQEORE HIRKER QIQFIVMOER
OIWIQTEXER OITEHE WMW[E YRXYO QIRKIQFERKOER OIXIVEQTMPER HER
OIGIVHEWERQENIQYOWMW[E+YVYQIRKEVELOEREKEVWMW[EFIVMROYMVMHER
QIRKIQEWTIQFIPENEVEREKEVQEQTYQIRKIQFERKOERTIQMOMVERXMRKOEX
XMRKKM
%HE FER]EO SVERK FIVWIXYNY FEL[E WIWISVERK EOER QIRNEHM
FIVFIHE ETEFMPE SVERK XIVWIFYX QIQTYR]EM OVIEXMJMXEW ]ERK XMRKKM
/VIEXMZMXEWHETEXQIR]IFEFOERWIWISVERKHMTERHERKPIFMLHEVMSVERKPEMR
(IQMOMER NYKE WIWISVERK KYVY ]ERK OVIEXMJ EOER XIVPMLEX FIVFIHE HIRKER
KYVY]ERKFMEWEWENE
/VIEXMZMXEW WIVMRK HMQEOREM HIRKER TIRGMTXEER WIWIYEXY EXEY
WIWISVERK QIRKIQEW LEPLEP ]ERK PEQE QIRNEHM LEP ]ERK FEVY ]ERK
QIQTYR]EM OIFIVQEOREER XMRKKM %XEY QIQJSVQYPEWM HER QIQSHMJMOEWM
YPERKWIWYEXYQIRNEHMLEPFEVY4EHETVMRWMTR]EOVIEXMZMXEWEHEPELTVSWIW
QIRXEP ]ERK QIPMFEXOER TIQYRGYPER KEKEWER EXEY OSRWIT FEVY EXEY
LYFYRKER FEVY ERXEVE KEKEWER HER OSRWIT ]ERK WYHEL EHE WIHERKOER
TVSWIWOVIEXMJEHEPELQYRGYPR]EXMRHEOERWYEXYTVSHYOFEVY]ERKXYQFYL
HEVMOIYRMOERMRHMZMHYHERHEVMTIRKEPEQER]ERKQIRIOEROERTEHETVSHYO
]ERK FEVY MRXIVEOWM MRHMZMHY HIRKER PMRKOYRKERR]E EXEY OIFYHE]EERR]E
+YVY]ERKOVIEXMJEOERQEQTYQIRGMTXEOERWMW[E]ERKOVIEXMJNYKE
4IQFIPENEVER OVIEXMJ QIVYTEOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK
QIRKLEVYWOERKYVYHETEXQIQSXMZEWMWMW[EHERQIQYRGYPOEROVIEXMZMXEW
WMW[E WIPEQE TIQFIPENEVER FIVPERKWYRK HIRKER QIQFYEX WIWYEXY
QIRGMTXEOER WIWYEXY QIRKYFEL QIRKOVIEWM WIWYEXY +YVY WIPE]EOR]E
QEQTY QIVERGERK QSHIP TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FIVZEVMEWM WIFEKEM
TIRYRNERKXYQFYLR]EOVIEXMZMXEWHMOIPEW4IQFIPENEVERWIFEMOR]EHETEX
HMJSVQYPEWMOER YRXYO HETEX QIQFYEX WMW[E QIRNEHM OVIEXMJ 7IPERNYXR]E
60
YRXYO QIQTVSHYOWM TIQFIPENEVERTIQFIPENEVER OVEXMJ XIRXY WENE KYVY
WIFEMOR]ENYKEQIQTSWMWMOERHMVMR]EQIRNEHMMRWEROVIEXMJ
4IQFIPENEVER IJIOXMJ EHEPEL XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK XIPEL
HMVYQYWOER FIVLEWMP KYRE HMXIVETOER HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER 4IQFIPENEVER
IJIOXMJ HETEX XIVGETEM NMOE QEQTY QIQFIVMOER TIRKEPEQER FEVY
QIQFIRXYOOSQTIXIRWMWMW[EHERQIRKLERXEVOERQIVIOEOIXYNYER]ERK
MRKMRHMGETEMWIGEVESTXMQEP+YVYLEVYWQEQTYQIVERGERKHERQIRKIPSPE
TIQFIPENEVERHIRKERQIXSHIEXEYQSHIP]ERKXITEX
8MHEONEVERKKYVYIRKKER QIQTIVLEXMOERXYNYERTIQFIPENEVER
]ERKXIPELHMVYQYWOEREXEYOSQTIXIRWMHEWEV]ERKXIPELHMXIXETOERHEPEQ
WXERHEVMWM+YVYLER]EFIVSVMIRXEWMTEHETIQFIVMERQEXIVMENEVWILMRKKE
KYVYXMHEOQEQTYQIPEOYOERTIQFIPENEVERYXYOOIXIVGETEMEROSQTIXIRWM
WMW[E4VEHMKQE]ERKWITIVXMMXYLEVYWHMVYFEL
7IFEKEMWISVERKTIRHMHMO]ERKEQERELKYVYWIFEMOR]EQIPMLEX
HER QIRKEREPMWMW OSQTIXIRWM HEWEV ]ERK LEVYW HMGETEM OIQYHMER
QIRKIQFERKOERR]E OI HEPEQ MRHMOEXSMRHMOEXSV OIXIVGETEMER WILMRKKE
TIQFIPENEVERQIRNEHMXIVEVELXITEXWEWEVERHERIJIOXMJ
4IQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIR]IRERKOER EVXMR]E TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK
HETEX QIRGMTXEOER WYEWERE ]ERK QIRKKIQFMVEOER WILMRKKE XIVGMTXE
WYEWERE]ERKOSRHYWMJ4IQFIPENEVER]ERKQIR]IRERKOERjoyful learning
QIVYTEOERWYEXYTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER]ERKHMHEPEQR]EXIVHETEXWIFYEL
OIFIVWEQEER ]ERK OYEX ERXEVE TIRHMHMO HER WMW[E XERTE EHE TIVEWEER
XIVTEOWEEXEYXIVXIOERKYVYQIRGMTXEOERWYEWERE]ERKHIQSOVEXMW
4IRHIOEXER]ERKHMERKKETQIRHYOYRKYRXYOQIRKIQFERKOER
OIXIVEQTMPER ]ERK HMYXEVEOER HM EXEW EHEPEL ETE ]ERK OMXE OIREP HIRKER
TIQFIPENEVEREOXMJactive learning ]ERKWIHERKKMEXKMEXR]EHMOIQFERKOER
HERHMMQTPIQIRXEWMOERHMFIVFEKEMRIKEVE
4IRHIOEXER MRM HMHEWEVOER TEHE TVMRWMT FEL[E GEVE FIPENEV
XIVFEMO FEKM EREOEREO EHEPEL HIRKER QIPEOYOER HIRKER QIRKKYREOER
WIQYE MRHVER]E HER HIRKER QIRKIOWTPSVEWM PMRKOYRKERR]E ]ERK XIVHMVM
EXEW SVERK PEMR LEP XIQTEX HER OINEHMER ]ERK XIVNEHM HEPEQ OILMHYTER
WILEVMLEVM EREO /IXIVPMFEXER EOXMJ EOER QIRHSVSRK WMW[E YRXYO EOXMJ
FIVTMOMV YRXYO QIRHETEXOER TIRKIXELYER FEVY HER QIQEHYOERR]E
HIRKERTIRKIXELYER]ERKWYHELHMQMPMOM
,IVRS[SQIRNIPEWOERFEL[EFIPENEV EOER FIVPERKWYRKWERKEX
IJIOXMJNMOEFIVEHEHEPEQOIEHEER]ERKQIR]IRERKOER7MW[EFIPENEVXMHEO
HEPEQOIEHEERXIVXIOER1IVIOEQIPEOWEREOERWIQYEXYKEWHEROIKMEXER
HIRKER MOLPEW WIRERK HER FIVWIQERKEX +YVY HETEX QIRKIQEW
TIQFIPENEVER HIRKER QIR]MWMTOER PEKY HER TIVQEMRERTIVQEMRER ]ERK B
menyenangkan sehingga siswa senantiasa direfresh A
B
IV
61
+YVY WIFEMOR]E QIRNEHM WISVERK ]ERK QEQTY QIRGMTXEOER
WYEWERE ]ERK OSRHYWMJ HIRKER WMOET HER OEVEOXIV QIR]IRERKOER
WILMRKKE OILEHMVERR]E FIVXIVMQE FELOER HMRERXMRERXM SPIL WMW[E +YVY
WIFEMOR]E QIRNEHM TVMFEHM ]ERK LERKEX ]ERK QEQTY FIVWMRIVKM HER
FIVWELEFEXHIRKERWMW[EWILMRKKEQIQYRGYPOERWMXYEWMHEROSRHMWM]ERK
EOVEFHIRKERXIXETQIQTIVLEXMOERXEXEOVEQE
4IQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIRERXERK EHEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK
QIRWXMQYPEWM WMW[E YRXYO HMLEHETOER TEHE LEPLEP ]ERK QIRERXERK
HMWENMOER HIRKER QEWEPELQEWEPEL ]ERK OSRXIOWXYEP OIQYRKOMRER
OIQYRKOMRER FEVY TIVWSEPERTIVWSEPER HMPIQEXMW HER TEVEHSOW WIWYEM
HIRKERXMRKOEXYWMER]E4IQFIPENEVER]ERKQIRERXERKHETEXQIQSXMZEWM
HER QIQFIVM WIQERKEX OITEHE WMW[E YRXYO QIRGETEM TVIWXEWM XIORMO
FIVERM QIRKIOWTVIWMOER HER QIRKEOXYEPMWEWMOER HMVM HER FIVOSQTIRXMWM
4IHSQER4IPEOWEREER7XERHEV4VSWIW
+YVY FIVWEQE WMW[E QIRKEVELOER HER QIRGMTXEOER
TIRKEPEQERTIRKEPEQER FIPENEV ]ERK QIRERXERK EKEV WMW[E WIGEVE
QERHMVM QEYTYR OIPSQTSO XIVMRWTMVEWM YRXYO FIVOVIEWM FIVMRSZEWM
FIVMRMWMEWM HER FIVTVEOEVWE HEPEQ QIRKIQFERKOER MHI HER KEKEWERR]E
WILMRKKETIQFIPENEVER QIRNEHMFIVQEORE+YVYFIVMRMWMEWMQIQJEWMPMXEWM
OIWIQTEXEROITEHEWMW[EQIQTIVHE]EOEROIXIVEQTMPERFIVTMOMVOVMXMWR]E
EKEVQEQTYQIRKIQFERKOERWMOETMRKMRXELYHERQIRYQFYLOERQMREX
QIRGEVM QIRKEPEQM WIRHMVM TVSWIW QIRIQYOER TIRKIXELYER EXEY
MRJSVQEWM WILMRKKE TIQFIPENEVER QIRNEHM STXMQEP 9RXYO QIRGMTXEOER
TIQFIPENEVER]ERKQIRERXERKKYVYWIFEMOR]EXIVQSXMZEWMYRXYOFIVOVIEWM
QIRKIQFERKOERTIRIVETERQSHIPTIQFIPENEVER]ERKFIVEKEQ

4VMRWMTTVMRWMT4%-/)1
4IQFIPENEVERHIRKE4%-/)1QIQMPMOMGMVM]EMXY
E 1IRKEPEQMTIKEPEQERFIPENEV ERXEVEPEMR
1IPEOYOERTIRKEQEXER
1IPEOYOERTIVGSFEER
1IPEOYOERTIR]IPMHMOER
1IPEOYOER[E[ERGEVE
7MW[EFIPENEVFER]EOQIPEPYMFIVFYEX
4IRKEPEQERPERKWYRKQIRKEOXMJOERFER]EOMRHVE
F /SQYRMOEWMFIRXYOR]EERXEVEPEMR
1IRKIQYOEOERTIRHETEX
4VIWIRXEWMPETSVER
1IQENERKOERLEWMPOIVNE
9RKOETKEKEWER
G -RXIVEOWMFIRXYOR]EERXEVEPEMR
62
(MWOYWM
8ER]ENE[EF
0IQTEVPEKMTIVXER]EER
/IWEPELERQEOREFIVTIPYERKXIVOSVIOWM
1EORE]ERKXIVFERKYRWIQEOMRQERXET
/YEPMXEWLEWMPFIPENEVQIRMRKOEX

H /IKMEXER VIJPIOWM ]EMXY QIQMOMVOER OIQFEPM ETE ]ERK HMTIVFYEX
HMTMOMVOER
1IRKETEHIQMOMER#
Apakah hal itu berlaku untuk ?
9RXYOTIVFEMOERKEKEWERQEOREM
9RXYOXMHEOQIRKYPERKMOIWEPELER
4IPYERKPELMVOERKEKEWERFEVY

4IVER+YVYHEPEQ4%-/)1
-QTPIQIRXEWM 4%-/)1 HETEX XIVPEOWERE HIRKER FEMO
WIFEKEMQERE HMLEVETOER ETEFMPE WISVERK KYVY QIQELEQM TVMRWMT
prinsipnya. John B. Biggs dan Ross Telfer, dalam bukunya the process of
learning, 1987, edisi kedua, menyebutkan minimal ada aspek dari sebuah
TIQFIPENEVEROVIEXMJ]ERKLEVYWHMTELEQMHERHMPEOYOERSPILWISVERKKYVY
]ERKFEMOHEPEQTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERXIVLEHETWMW[EHMERXEVER]EEHEPEL
E 1IQELEQMTSXIRWMWMW[E]ERKXIVWIQFYR]MHERQIRHSVSRKR]EYRXYO
FIVOIQFERKWIWYEMHIRKEROIGIRHIVYRKERFEOEXHERQMREXQIVIOE
F 1IRHSVSRKWMW[EYRXYOXIVYWQENY QIRGETEMWYOWIWHEPEQFMHERK
]ERKHMQMREXMHERTIRKLEVKEEREXEWTVIWXEWMQIVIOE
G 1IRKEOYM TIOIVNEER WMW[E HEPEQ WYEXY FMHERK YRXYO QIQFIVMOER
WIQERKEXTEHETIOIVNEERPEMRFIVMOYXR]E
H 1IRKKYREOEROIQEQTYERJERXEWMHEPEQTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERYRXYO
QIQFERKYRLYFYRKERHIRKERVIEPMXEWHEROILMHYTERR]EXE
I 1IQYNMOIMRHELERTIVFIHEERTSXIRWMOEVEOXIVFEOEXHERQMREXWIVXE
QSHEPMXEWKE]EFIPENEVMRHMZMHYWMW[E
J 1IRHSVSRKHERQIRKLEVKEMOIXIVPMFEXERMRHMZMHYWMW[EWIGEVETIRYL
HEPEQTVS]IOTVS]IOTIQFIPENEVERQERHMVM
K 1IR]EXEOEROITEHEWMW[EFEL[EKYVYKYVYQIVYTEOERQMXVEQIVIOE
HERTIVERR]EWIFEKEMQSXMZEXSVHERJEWMPMXEXSVFEKMWMW[E
L 1IRGMTXEOERWYEWEREFIPENEV]ERKOSRHYWMJHERFIFEWHEVMXIOERER
HERMRXMQMHEWMHEPEQYWELEQI]EOMROERQMREXFIPENEVWMW[E
M 1IRHSVSRK XIVNEHMR]E TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER MRXIVEOXMJ OSPEFSVEXMJ B
MROYMVM HER discovery EKEV XIVFIXYO FYHE]E FIPENEV ]ERK FIVQEORE A
meaningful learning OITEHEWMW[E
B
IV
63

( 7XVEXIKM4IQFIPENEVERHIRKER4IRHIOEXER7EMRXMJMO
7XVEXIKM4IQFIPENEVER
-QTPIQIRXEWM OYVMOYPYQ QIRKMW]EVEXOER FEL[E WXVEXIKM
TIQFIPENEVERLEVYWHMEVELOERYRXYOQIQJEWMPMXEWMTIRGETEMEROSQTXIRWM
]ERKXIPELHMVERGERKHEPEQHSOYQIROYVMOYPYQEKEVWIXMEMRHMZMHYQEQTY
QIRNEHM TIQFIPENEV QERHMVM WITERNERK LE]EX HER ]ERK TEHE KMPMVER]E
QIVIOEQIRNEHMOSQTSRIRTIRXMRKYRXYOQI[YNYHOERQEW]EVEOEXFIPENEV
/YEPMXEWPEMR]ERKHMOIQFERKOEROYVMOYPYQHERLEVYWXIVIEPMWEWMOERHEPEQ
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ERXEVE PEMR OVIEXMZMXEW OIQERHMVMER OIVNE WEQE
WSPMHEVMXEW OITIQMQTMRER IQTEXM XSPIVERWM HER OIGEOETER LMHYT WMW[E
KYRE QIQFIRXYO [EXEO WIVXE QIRMRKOEXOER TIVEHEFER HER QEVXEFEX
FERKWE
9RXYOQIRGETEMOYEPMXEW]ERKXIPELHMVERGERKHEPEQHSOYQIR
OYVMOYPYQ OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER TIVPY QIRKKYREOER TVMRWMT ]ERK
FIVTYWEX TEHE WMW[E QIRKIQFERKOER OVIEXMZMXEW WMW[E
QIRGMTXEOEROSRHMWMQIR]IRERKOERHERQIRERXERK FIVQYEXERRMPEM
IXMOE IWXIXMOE PSKMOE HER OMRIWXIXMOE WIVXE QIR]IHMEOER TIKEPEQER
FIPENEV ]ERK FIVEKEQ QIPEPYM TIRIVETER FIVFEKEM WXVEXIKM HER QIXSHI
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIR]IRERKOER OSRWXIOXYEP IJIOXMJ IJMWMIR HER
FIVQEORE

4IRHIOEXER7EMRXMJMOHEPEQ4IQFIPENEVER
7MW[E EHEPEL WYFNIO ]ERK QIQMPMOM OIQEQTYER YRXYO WIGEVE
EOXMJ QIRGEVM QIRKSPEL QIRKSRXVYOWM HER QIRKKYREOER TIRKIXELYER
%KEVHETEXFIREVFIREVQIQELEQMHERQIRIVETOERTIRKIXELYERWMW[E
TIVPY HMHSVSRK YRXYO FIOIVNE QIQIGEL QEWEPEL QIRIQYOER WIKEPE
WIWYEXY YRXYO HMVMR]E HER FIVYTE]E OIVEW QI[YNYHOER MHIMHIR]E 3PIL
OEVIRER]EKYVYLEVYWHETEXQIQFIVMOEROIQYHELERFEKMWMW[EHIRKER
QIRKIQFERKOERWYEWEREFIPENEV]ERKQIQFIVMOIWIQTEXERTEHEQIVIOE
YRXYOEOXMJQRGEVMXELY
7IWYEM HIRKER WXERHEV OSQTIXIRWM PYPYWER ]ERK EOER HMGETEM
WEWEVER TIQFIPENEVER QIRGERKOYT TIRKIQFERKER VEREL WMOET
TIRKIXELYER HER OIXIVEQTMPER ]ERK HMIPEFSVEWM YRXYO WIXMET WEXYER
TIRHMHMOER /IXMKE VEREL XIVWIFYX QIQMPMOM PMRXEWER TIVSPILER TVSWI
TWMOSPSKMW ]ERKFIVFIHE]EMXY

64
8EFIP4IRKIQFERKERHEPEQ4IRKYEWEER/SQTIXIRWM-RXM
7MOET 4IRKIXELYER /IXIVEQTMPER
1IRIVMQE 1IRKMRKEX 1IRKEQEXM
1IRNEPEROER 1IQELEQM 1IRER]E
1IRKLEVKEM 1IRIVETOER 1IRGSFE
1IRKLE]EXM 1IRKEREPMWMW 1IREPEV
1IRKEQEPOER 1IRKZEPYEWM 1IR]ENM
1IRGMTXE 1IRGMTXE

4VSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WITIRYLR]E HMEVELOER TEHE
TIRKIQFERKEROIXMKEVERELXIVWIFYXWIGEVEYXYLEVXMR]ETIRKIQFERKER
VEREL ]ERK WEXY HIRKER ]ERK PEMR XMHEO FMWE HMTMWELOER HIRKER VEREL
PEMRR]E 4IRHIOEXER WEMRXMJMO QIVYTEOER OSRWIT HEWEV ]ERK QI[EHELM
QIRKMRWTMVEWM QIRKYEXOER HER QIPEXEVM TIQMOMVER XIRXERK FEKEMQERE
QIXSHITIQFIPENEVERHMXIVETOERFIVHEWEVOERXISVMXIVXIRXY4IQFIPENEVER
WEMRXMJMOXMHEOLER]EQIQERHERKLEWMPFIPENEVWIFEKEMQYEVEEOLMVREQYR
TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER NYKE HMTERHERK WERKEX TIRXMRK 3PIL OEVIRE MXY
TIQFIPENEVERWEMRXMJMOQIRIOEROERTEHEOIXIVEQTMPERTVSWIW4IRHIOEXER
WEMRXMJMOQIQYEXOVMXIVMEOVMXIVMEWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
E 1EXIVMTIQFIPENEVERFIVFEWMWJEOXE
F 4IRNIPEWER KYVY VIWTSRW WMW[E HER MRXIVEOWM IHYOEXMJ KYVYWMW[E
XIVFIFEWHEVMTIREPEVER]ERKQIR]MQTERKHEVMEPYVFIVTMOMVPSKMW
G 1IRHSVSRK HER QIRKMRWTMVEWM WMW[E FIVTMOMV WIGEVE OVMXMW XITEX
HEPEQQIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMQIQELEQMHERQIQIGELOERQEWEPELWIVXE
QIRKETPMOEWMOERQEXIVMTIQFIPENEVER
H 1IRHSVSRKHERQIRKMRWTMVEWMWMW[EQEQTYFIVTMOMVLMTSXIXMO
I &IVFEWMW TEHE OSRWIT XISVM HER JEOXE IQTMVMW ]ER HETEX
HMTIVXERKKYRKRNE[EFOER
J 8YNYERTIQFIPENEVERHMVYQYWOERWIGEVEWIHIVLEREHERNIPEWREQYR
WMWXIQTIR]ENMERR]EQIREVMO
/YVMOYPYQ QIRKIQFERKER HYE QSHYW TVSWIW
TIQFIENEVER ]EMXY TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER PERKWYRK HER TVSWIW
TIQFIPENEVER XMHEO PERKWYRK /IHYER]E HMPEOWEREOER WIGEVE XIVMRXIKVEWM
HER XMHEO XIVTMWEL 4IQFIPENEVER PERKWYRK FIVOIREER HIRKER
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIR]ERKOYX OSQTIXIRWM HEWEV /( ]ERK
HMOIQFERKOER HEVM OSQTIXIRWM MRXM /- TIRKIXELYER HER /-
B
OIXIVEQTMPER 4IQFIPENEVER XMHEO PERKWYRK FIVOIREER HIRKER A
B
IV
65
TIQFIPENEVER]ERKQIR]ERKOYX/(]ERKHMOIQFERKOERHEVM/-WTMVMXYEP
HER/-WSWMEP
4VSWIW TIQFIPENEVER XIVHMVM EXEW TIRKEPEQER FIPENEV TSOSO
]ERKHMTIVMRGMHEPEQXEFIPFIVMOYX

8EFIP/IXIVOEMXERERXEVE0ERKOEL4IQMOMVERHER/IKMEXER&IPENEVWIVXE
1EORER]E

/SQTIXIRWM]ERK
0ERKOEL4IQFIPENEVER /IKMEXER&IPENEV
(MOIQFERKOER
1IRKEQEXM 1IQFEGEQIRHIRKEV 1IPEXMLOIWYRKKYLER

QIR]MQEOQIPMLEX OIXIPMXMERQIRGEVMMRJSVQEWM
HIRKEREXEYXERTE
EPEX
1IRER]E 1IRKENYOERTIVXER]ER 1IRKIQFERKOEROVIEXMZMXEW!
XIRXERKMRJSIQEWM]ERK VEWEMRKMRXELYOIQEQTYER
XMHEOHMTELEQMHEVMETE QIVYQYWOERTIVXER]EER
]ERKHMEQEXMEXEY YRXYOQIQFIRXYOTMOMVEROVMXMW
TIVXER]EERYRXYO ]ERKTIVPYYRXYOLMHYTGIVHEW
QIRHETEXOERMRJSVQEWM HERFIPENEVWITERNERKLE]EX
XEQFELERXIRXERKETE
]ERKHMEQEXM
1IRKYQTYPOER 1IPEOYOER 1IRKIQFERKOERWMOETXIPMXM
MRJSVQEWMIOWTIVMQIR IOWTIVMQIR NYNYVWSTERQIRKLEVKEM
1IQFEGEWYQFIV TIRHETEXSVERKPEMR
PEMRWIPEMRFYOY OIQEQTYERFIVOSQYRMOEWM
XIOW QIRIVETOEROIQEQTYER
1IRKEQEXM QIRKYQTYPOERMRJSVQEWM
SFNIOOINEHMEREOXM QIPEPYMFIVFEKEMGEVE]ERK
ZMXEW HMTIPENEVMM1IRKEQFERKOER
;E[ERGEVEHIRKER OIFMEWEERFIPENEVHER]ERK
REVEWYQFIV WITERNERKLE]EX
1IRKEWSWMEWMOERQIRKSPE 1IRKSPELMRJSVQEWM 1IRKIQFERKOERWMOETNYNYV
LMRJSVQEWM ]ERKWYHEL XIPMXMHMWMTPMRXEEXEXYVEROIVNE
HMOYQTYPOERFEMOHEVM OIVEWOIQEQTYER
LEWMPOIKMEXER QIRIVETOERTVSWIHYVHER
IOWTIVMQIRQEYTYR OIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVMRHYOXMJ
LEWMPHEVMOIKMEXER WIVXEHIHYOXMJHEPEQ
QIRKYQTYPOER QIR]MQTYPOER
66
/SQTIXIRWM]ERK
0ERKOEL4IQFIPENEVER /IKMEXER&IPENEV
(MOIQFERKOER
MRJSVQEWM4IRKSPELER
MRJSVQEWM]ERK
HMOYQTYPOERHEVM]ERK
FIVWMJEXQIREQFEL
OIPYEWERHER
OIHEPEQERWEQTEM
TEHETIRKSPELER
MRJSVQEWM]ERKFIVWMJEX
QIRGEVMWSPYWMHEVM
FIVFEKEMWYQFIV]ERK
QIQMPMOMTIRHETEX]ERK
FIVFIHEWEQTEMTEHE
]ERKFIVXIRXERKER
1IRKSQYRMOEWMOER 1IR]EQTEMOERLEWMP 1IRKIQFERKOERWMOETNYNYV
TIRKEQEXER XIPMXMXSPIVERWMOIQEQTYER
OIWMQTYPER FIVTMOMVWMWXIQEXMW
FIVHEWEVOERLEWMP QIRKRKOETOERTIRHETEX
EREPMWMWWIGEVEPMWER HIRKERWMRKOEXHERNIPEW
XIVXYPMWEXEYQIHME QIRKIQFERKOEROIQEQTYER
PEMRR]E FIVFELEWE]ERKFEMOHER
FIREV

0ERKOELPERKOEL4IQFIPENEVER7EMRXMJMO
4VSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HEPEQ TIRHIOEXER WEMRXMJMO QIR]IRXYL
VEREL ]EMXY WMOET TIRKIXELYER HER OIXIVEQTMPER ]ERK HMKEQFEVOER
WIFEKEMFIVMOYX

B
+EQFEV0ERKOELPERKOEL4IQFIPENEVER A
B
IV
67

,EWMPFIPENEVQIPELMVOERWMW[E]ERKTVSHYOXMJOVIEXMJMRSZEXMJHEREJIOXMJ
QIPEPYMTIRKYEXERWMOETOIXIVEQTMPERHERTIRKIXELYER]ERKXIVMRXIKVEWM
/IKMEXERTIQFIPENEVERHMPEOYOERQIPEPYMTVSWIW
E 1IRKEQEXM]ERKFIVXYNYEREKEVTIQFIPENEVERFIVOEMXERIVEXHIRKER
OSRXIOWWMXYEWMR]EXE]ERKHMLEHETMHEPEQOILMHYTERWILEVMLEVM
F 1IRER]EHMPEOYOERWIFEKEMTVSWIWQIQFERKYRTIRKIXELYERWMW[E
HEPEQ FIRXYO OSRWIT 4VMRWMT TVSWIHYV LSOYQ HER XISVM LMRKKE
FIVTMOMV QIXEOSKRMXMJ &IVXYNYER EKEV WMW[E QIQMPMOM OIQEQTYER
FIVSMOMVXMRKOEXXMRKKMWIGEVEOVMXMWPSKMWHERWMWXIQMO
G 1IRKYQTYPOER MRJSVQEWM FIVQERJEEX YRXYO QIRMRKOEXOER
OIMRKMRXELYER WMW[E QIRKIQFERKOER OVIEXMJMXEW HER OIXIVEQTMPER
FIVOSQYRMOEWMQIPEPYMGEVEOIVNEMPQMEL
H 1IRKEWSWMEWMOERFIVXYNYERYRXYOQIQFERKYROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMV
HERFIVWMOETMPQMEL
I 1IRKSQYRMOEWMOER WEVERE YRXYO QIR]EQTEMOER LEWMP
OSRWITXYEPMWEWM HEPEQ FIRXYO PMWE XYPMWER KEQFEVWOIXWE HMEKVEQ
EXEYKVEJMO

1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER
1SHIP TIQFIPENEVER QIVYTEOER WYEXY TSPE ]ERK WYHEL
HMVIRGEREOERWIHIQMOMERVYTEHERHMKYREOERYRXYOQIR]YWYROYVMOYPYQ
QIRKEXYV QEXIVM TIPENEVER HER QIQFIVM TIXYRNYO TEHE TIQFIPENEVER HM
OIPEWR]E %HETYR QSHIP TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HETEX HMOIQFERKOER HEPEQ
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HMWIWYEMOER HIRKER OYVMOYPYQ WIHERK FIVPEOY HER
OIXIVGETEMERXYNYERTIQFIPENEVEREHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
E 1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER0ERKWYRKDirect Instruction
1SHIP TIQFIPENEVER PERKWYRK QIVYTEOER TIQFIPENEVER
]ERK FIVTYWEX TEHE KYVY HIRKER TIRIOERER TEHE TIQFIPENEVER
HIOPEVEXMJ EXEY TVSGIHYVEP HER OIXIVEQTMPER EOEHIQMO XIVFMQFMRK
]ERKFIVSVMIRXEWMTEHESFWIVZEWM+YVYFIVTIVERWIFEKEMTIR]EQTEM
MRJSVQEWM HIRKER GEVE QIRNEHM JEWMPMXEXSV YRXYO QIRKIQFERKOER
TIRKIXELYERTEHEWMW[EWIWYEMXYNYERTIQFIPENEVER
8EFIP 7MRXEOW4IVMPEOY 1IRKENEV +YVY HEPEQ 4IQFIPENEVER
0ERKWYRK
*EWIJEWI 4IVMPEOY+YVY
*EWI
1IR]EQTEMOERXYNYERHER 1IRNIPEWOERXYNYERTIQFIPENEVEQ
QIQTIVWMETOERTIWIVXEHMHMO MRJSVQEWMQEXIVM]ERKQIRWXMQYPEWM
68
TIQFIPENEVERQIQTIVWMETOEREXEY
QIRKSRHMWMOERWMW[EYRXYOFIPENEV
*EWI
1IRHIQSRWXVEWMOERTIRKIXELYEREXEY 1IRHIQSRWXVEWMOEROIXIVEQTMPER]ERK
OIXIVEQTMPER FIREVEXEYQIR]ENMOERMRJSVQEWMXELET
HIQMXELET
*EWI
1IQFMQFMRKTIPEXMLER 1IVIRGEREOERHERQIQFIVMFMQFMRKER
TIPEXMLERE[EP
*EWI
1IRKIGIOTIQELEQERHER 1IRKIGIOETEOELTIWIVXEHMHMOXIPEL
QIQFIVMOERYQTERFEPMO FIVLEWMPQIPEOYOERXYKEWHIRKERFEMO
HERQIQFIVMYQTERFEPMO
*EWI
1IQFIVMOEROIWIQTEXERYRXYO 1IQTIVWMETOEROIWIQTEXERQIPEOYOER
TIPEXMLERPERNYXERHERTIRIVETER TIPEXMLERPERNYXERHIRKERTIVLEXMER
OSRWIT OLYWYWTEHETIRIVETEROITEHEWMXYEWM
PIFMLOSQTPIOWHEPEQOILMHYTERWILEVM
LEVM

F 1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER/SSTIVEXMJCooperatif Learning
&IPENEV OSSTIVEXMJ QIVYTEOER WEPEL WEXY YTE]E YRXYO
QI[YNYHOERTIQFIPENEVEREOXMJOVIEXMJIJIOXMJMRWTMVEXMJQIRERXERK
HERQIR]IRERKOER]ERKQIQFIVMOEROIWIQTEXERTEHETIQFIPENEV
YRXYO WEPMRK FIVMRXIVEOWM HM QERE QIVIOE FIPENEV HIRKER OIPSQTSO
OIGMPSVERK ]ERKQIQMPMOMXMRKOEXOIQEQTYERFIVFIHE&IPENEV
FIPYQHMOEXEOERXYRXEWFMPEWEPELWEXY TIQFIPENEVHEPEQOIPSQTSO
FIPYQQIRKYEWEMFELERTIQFIPENEVER
+YVY FIVTIVER WIFEKEM QSXMZEXSV HER JEWMPMXEXSV ]ERK
QIQSXMZEWM TIQFIPENEVER HEPEQ OIPSQTSO FIPENEV HIRKER
OIFIVEKEQEROIQEQTYEREKEVTIQFIPENEV]ERKOYVERKXMHEOQMRHIV
7IXMET MRHMZMHY HEPEQ OIPSQTSO FIVXERKKYRK NE[EF XIVLEHET
OIWYOWIWER OIPSQTSOR]EE FIVTEVXMWMTEWM EOXMJ WIGEVE IJIOXMJ
QIQFERKYRTIRKIXELYER]ERKFEVY
B
A
B
IV
69

+EQFEV4IRKIQFERKER4IQFIPENEVER/SSTIVEXMJ

8EFIP7MRXEOW1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER/SSTIVEXMJ
*EWI
1IR]EQTEMOERXYNYERHERQIQSXMZEWM 1IR]EQTEMOERWIQYEXYNYER]ERK
WMW[E MRKMRHMGETEMWIPEQETIQFIPENEVERHER
QIQSXMZEWMTIWIVXEHMHMOFIPENEV
*EWI
1IR]ENMOERMRJSVQEWM 1IR]ENMOERMRJSVQEWMOITEHETIWIVXE
HMHMOHIRENEPERHIQSRWXVEWMEXEYPI[EX
FELERFEGEER
*EWI
1IRKSVKERMWEWMOERTIWIVXEHMHMOOI 1IRNIPEWOEROITEHETIWIVXEHMHMO
HEPEQOIPSQTSOOIPSQTSOFIPENEV FEKEMQEREGEVEQIQFIRXYOOIPSQTSO
FIPENEVHERQIQFERXYWIXMETOIPSQTSO
EKEVQIPEOYOERXVERWMWMWIGEVEIJMWMIR
*EWI
1IQFMQFMRKOIPSQTSOFIOIVNEHER 1IQFMQFMRKOIPSQTSOFIPENEVTEHE
FIPENEV WEEXQIVIOEQIRKIVNEOERXYKEW
QIVIOE
*EWI
)ZEPYEWM 1IRKIZEPYEWMLEWMPFIPENEVXIXERK
QEXIVM]ERKXIPELHMTIPENEVM
*EWI
1IQFIVMOERTIRKLEVKEER 1IRKLEVKEMYTE]EHERLEWMPFIPENEV
MRHMZMHYHEROIPSQTSO
70

G 1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW1EWEPEL
4IQFIPENEVERFIVFEWMWQEWEPELTEHEHEWEVR]EQIVYTEOER
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIRKEVELOER TIQFIPENEV TEHE TIQIGELER
QEWEPEL +YVY FIVTIVER QIQJEWMPMXEWM HIKER QIRKENYOER
TIVQEWEPELER HER QIQSXMZEWM TIQFIPENEV YRXYO QIPEOYOER
TIR]IPMHMOERHERTIRIQYERMROYMVM
4IQFIPENEVER FIVFEWMW QEWEPEL HMOIQFERKOER YRXYO
QIQFERXYTIQFIPENEVQIRKIQFERKOEROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVXMRKOEX
XMRKKM FIVTMOMV OVMXMW ]ERK QIRKLEVYWOER TIQFIPENEV QIQTYR]EM
OIGEOETERREPEVWIGEVEXIVEXYVOIGEOETERWMWXIQEXMWHEPEQQIRMPEM
QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL QIREVMO OITYXYWER QIQFIVM OI]EOMRER
QIRKEREPMWMW EYWQWM HER TIRGEVMER MPQMEL WIVXE QIQSXMZEWM
TIQFIPENEV YRXYO QIRGEVM WSPYWM TIQIGELER QEWEPEL ]ERK XIVNEHM
TEHE PMRKOYRKER XIVHIOE TIQFIPENEV HIRKER OIXIVEQTMPER
MRXIPIOXYEPR]E

+EQFEV4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW1EWEPEL

8EFIP8ELETER4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW1EWEPEL
2S 8ELETER %OXMZMXEW+YVYHER4IWIVXE(MHMO
1IRKSVMIRXEWMOERWMW[E +YVYQIRNIPEWOERXYNYERTIQFIPENEVERHER
XIVLEHETQEWEPEL WEVEREEXEYPSKMWXMG]ERKHMFYXYLOER
B
A
B
IV
71
2S 8ELETER %OXMZMXEW+YVYHER4IWIVXE(MHMO
+YVYQIQSXMZEWMWMW[EYRXYOXIVPMFEX
HEPEQEOXMZMXEWTIQIGELERQEWEPELR]EXE
]ERKHMTMPMLEXEYHMXIRXYOER
1IRKSVKERMWEWMWMW[EYRXYO +YVYQIQFERXYWMW[EQIRHIJMRMWMOERHER
FIPENEV QIRKSVKERMWEWMXYKEWFIPENEV]ERK
FIVLYFYRKERHIRKERQEWEPEL]ERKWYHEL
HMSVMIRXEWMOERTEHEXELETWIFIPYQR]E
1IQFMQFMRKTIR]IPMHMOER +YVYQIRHSVSRKTIWIVXEHMHMOYRXYO
MRHMZMHYEPQEYTYROIPSQTSO QIRKYQTYPOERMRJSVQEWM]ERKWIWYEMHER
QIPEOWEREOERIOWTIVMQIRYRXYO
QIRHETEXOEROINIPEWER]ERKHMTIVPYOER
YRXYOQIR]IPIWEMOERQEWEPEL
1IRKEQFERKOERHER +YVYQIQFERXYTIWIXEMHMOYRXYOFIVFEKM
QIR]ENMOERLEWMPOEV]E XYKEWHERQIVIRGEREOEREXEYQIR]METOER
OEV]E]ERKWIWYEMWIFEKEMLEWMP
TIQIGELERQEWEPELHEPEQFIRXYO
PETSVERZMHISEXEYQSHIP
1IRKEREPMWMWHER +YVYQIQFERXYWMW[EYRXYOQIPEOYOER
QIRKIZEPYEWMTVSWIW VIJPIOWMEXEYIZEPYEWMXIVLEHETTVSWIW
TIQIGELERQEWEPEL TIQIGELERQEWEPEL]ERKHMPEOYOER

/IPIFMLERTIQFIPENEVERFIVFEWMWQEWEPELHMERXEVER]E
8IVNEHMTIQFIPENEVERFIVQEORE
7MW[E HETEX QIRKMRXIKVEWMOER TIRKIXELYER HER OIXIVEQTMPER
WIGEVE WMQYPXER HER QIRKETPMOEWMOERR]E HEPEQ OSRXIOW ]ERK
VIPIZER
(ETEXQIRMRKOEXOEROIQEQTYERFIVTMOMVOXMXMWQIRYQFYLOER
MRMWMEXMJWMW[EHEPEQFIOIVNEQSXMZEWMMRXIVREPYRXYOFIPENEVHER
HETEX QIRKIQFERKOER LYFYRKER MRXIVTIVWSREP HEPEQ FIPENEV
OIPSQTSO

H Discovery Learning
Discovery learning QIVYTEOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK
XIVNEHMFMPETIQFIPENEVXMHEOHMWENMOERHIRKERTIPENEVERJMREPR]EXIXETM
QIPEPYM TVSWIW QIRIQYOER 7MW[E HMLEVETOER QIRKSVKERMWEWM
WIRHMVM TIRKEPEQER FIPENEVR]E +YVY FIVTIVER WIFEKEM TIQFMQFMRK
HIRKERQIQFIVMOEROIWIQTEXEROITEHEWMW[EYRXYOFIPENEVWIGEVE
EOXMJYRXYOQIRGETEMXYNYER]ERKHMLEVETOER
8EFIP/IPIFMLERHER/IOYVERKERDiscovery Learning
72
/IPIFMLER /IOYVERKER
1IQFERXYWMW[EQIQTIVFEMOMHER 1IXSHIMRMQIRMQFYPOER
QIRMRKOEXOEROIXIVEQTMPEROIXIVEQTMPER EWYQWMFEL[EEHE
HEPEQTVSWIWOSKRMXMJ OIWMETERTMOMVERYRXYO
4IRKIXELYER]ERKHMTIVSPILWERKEXTVMFEHM FIPENEV
HEREQTYLOEVIREQIRKYEXOERTIRKIVXMER 1IXSHIMRMXMHEOIJMWMIR
MRKEXERHERXVERWJIV YRXYOQIRKENEVNYQPEL
1IRMQFYPOERVEWEWIRERKTEHEWMW[E WMW[EFER]EO
1IR]IFEFOERWMW[EQIRKEVELOEROIKMEXER ,EEVETERLEVETER]ERK
FIPENEVR]EWIRHMVMHIRKERQIPMFEXOEREOEPHER XIVOERHYRKHEPEQ
QSXMZEWMWIRHMVM QIXSHIRMHETEXFY]EV
1IQFERXYWMW[EQIQTIVOYEXOSRWITHMVMR]E FIVLEHETERHIRKER
&IVTYWEXTEHEWMW[EHERKYVYFIVTIVERWEQE WMW[EHERKYVY]ERK
WEQEEOXMJQIRKIPYEVOERKEKEWER XIPELXIVFMEWEHIRKER
1IQFERYWMW[EQIRKLMPERKOEROIVEKY GEVEGEVEFIPENEVPEQE
VEKYER /YVERKGSGSOYRXYO
7MW[EEOERQIRKIVXMOSRWITHEWEVHERMHIMHI QIRKIQFERKOEREWTIO
PIFMLFEMO OSRWITOIXIVEQTMPER
1IQFERXYHERQIRKIQFERKOERMRKEXER HERIQSWM
WIVXEXVERWJIVTEHEWMXYEWMTVSWIWFIPENEV]ERK 8MHEOWIQYEHMWMTPMRR
FEVY MPQYQIQMPMOMWXERHEVX
1IRHSVSRKWMW[EFIVTMOMVHERFIOIVNEEXEW YRXYOQIRKYOYV
MRMWMEXMJWIRHMVM KEKEWER]ERK
1IRHSVSRKWMW[EFIVTMOMVMRXYMWMHER HMOIQYOEOERWMW[E
QIVYQYWOERLMTSXIWMWWIRHMVM 8MHEOQIRKIHMEOER
1IQFIVMOEROITYXYWER]ERKFIVWMJEXMRXVMRWMO OIWIQTEXER
7MXYEWMTVSWIWFIPENEVQIRNEHMPIFMLWIQERKEX OIWIQTEXERYRXYO
4VSWIWFIPENEVQIPMTYXMWIWEQEEWTIOR]E FIVTMOMV]ERKEOER
WMW[EQIRYNYTEHETIQFIRXYOERQERYWME HMXIQYOERSPILWMW[E
WIYXYLR]E /EVIREXIPELHMTMPL
1IRMRKOEXR]EXMRKOEXTIRKLEVKEERXIVLEHET XIVPIFMLHELYPYSPILKYVY
WMW[E
/IQYRKOMRERWMW[EFIPENEVHIRKER
QIQERJEEXOERFIVFEKEMNIRMWWYQFIVFIPENEV
(ETEXQIRKIQFERKOERFEOEXHEROIGEOETER
LMHYT

B
A
B
IV
73
I 1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW4VS]IOProject Based Learning
4IQFIPENEVER FIVFEWMW TVS]IO EHEPEL QSHIP ]ERK
QIRKKYREOEROIKMEXER WIFEKEMQIHME]ERKQIQJSOYWOEREOXMZMXEW
WMW[E YRXYO QIPEOYOER IOWTPSVEWM TIRMPEMER MRXIVTVIXEWM WMRXIWMW
HER MRJSVQEWM YRXYO QIRKLEWMPOER FIVFEKEM FIRXYO LEWMP FIPENEV
1SHIPMRMQIQMPMOMOEVEOXIVMWXMOWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
7MW[EQIQFYEXOITYXYWERXIRXERKWIFYELOIVERKOEOIVNE
%HER]E TIVQEWEPELER HEREXEY XERXERKER ]ERK HMENYOER
OITEHEWMW[E
7MW[E QIRHIWEMR TVSWIW YRXYO QIRIRXYOER WSPYWM EXEW
TIVQEWEPELER]ERKHMENYOER
7MW[E WIGEVE OSPEFSVEXMJ FIVXERKKYRKNE[EF YRXYO QIRKEOWIW
HERQIRKIPSPEMRJSVQEWMYRXYOQIQGELOERTIVQEWEPELER
4VSWIWIZEPYEWMHMNEPEROERWIGEVEFIVOIWMREQFYRKER
7MW[E WIGEVE FIVOEPE QIPEOYOER VIJPIOWM EXEW EOXMZMXEW ]ERK
WYHELHMNEPEROER
4VSHYOEOLMVEOXMZMXEWFIPENEVEOERHMIZEPYEWMWIGEVEOYERXMXEXMJ
7MXYEWM TIQFIPENEVER WERKEX XSPIVER XIVLEHET OIWEPELER HER
TIVFEMOER
8YNYER TIQFIPENEVER FIVFEWMW TVS]IO EHEPEL WIFEKEM
FIVMOYX
1IQTIVSPIL TIRKIXELYER HER OIXIVEQTMPER FEVY HEPEQ
TIQFIPENEVER
1IRMRKOEXOEROIQEQTYERWMW[EHEPEQQIQIGELOERQEWEPEL
1IQFYEX WMW[E PIFML EOXMJ HEPEQ QIQIGELOER QEWEPEL ]ERK
OSQTPIOWHIRKERLEWMPTVSHYOR]EXEFIVYTEFEVERKEXEYNEWE
1IRKIQFERKOERHERQIRMRKOEXOEROIXIVEQTMPERWMW[EHEPEQ
QIRKIPSPEWYQFIVFELERHEREPEXYRXYOQIR]IPIWEMOERXYKEW
1IRMRKOEXOER OSPEFSVEWM WMW[E OLYWYWR]E NMOE QSHIP MRM
HMPEOWEREOERWIGEVEOIPSQTSO

74
4IVERGERKER 4IR]YWYRER
4IRIRXYER
PERKOEL NEH[EP
TVS]IO
PERKOEL TIPEOWEREER

TIR]IPIWEME TVS]IO

)ZEPYEWM 4IR]YWYRER 4IR]IPIWEMER
TVSWIWHER 0ETSVERHER TVS]IO
LEWMPTVS]IO TVIWIRXEWM HIRKER
TYFPMOEWM JEWMPMXEWHER

+EQFEV0ERKOELPERKOEL3TIVWMSREP4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW4VS]IO

7XVEXIKM4IQFIPENEVER&IVFEWMW4IRHIOEXER7EMRXMJMO
+YVY LEVYW QEQTY QIRIRXYOER WXVEXIKM ]ERK TEPMRK IJIOXMJ
YRXYO HMKYREOER HEPEQ OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER EKEV XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER
]ERK XIPEL HMVYQYWOER HETEX XIVGETEM 3PIL OEVIRER]E KYVY TIVPY
QIRHIWEMRTIQFIPENEVERHIRKERQIQTIVWMETOERFIFIVETELEPFIMMOYXMRM

+EQFEV4IRGETEMER/SQTIXIRWM B
A
B
IV
75
E 1IRKIQFERKOER8YNYER4IQFIPENEVER
1IRYVYXWXERHEVTVSWIWTEHEOYVMOYPYQXYNYERHETEX
HMSVKERMWEWMOER QIRGERKOYT WIPYVYL OSQTIXIRWM HEWEV EXEY
HMSVKERMWEWMOER YRXYO WIXMET TIVXIQYER 8YNYER QIRKEGY TEHE
MRHMOEXSVQMRMQEPQIRKERHYRKEWTIOaudience TIWIVXEHMHMO HER
behavior EWTIO OIQEQTYER %HETYR FIFIVETE EPEWER QIRKETE
XYNYER TIVPY HMVYQYWOER HEPEQ QIVERGERK WYEXY TVSKVEQ
TIQFIPENEVER
6YQYWERXYNYER]ERKNIPEWHETEXHMKYREOERYRXYOQIRKIZEPYEWM
IJIOXMZMXEWOIFIVLEWMPERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER
8YNYER TIQFIPENEVER HETEX HMKYREOER WIFEKEM TIHSQER HER
TERHYERHEPEQOIKMEXERFIPENEVWMW[E
8YNYER TIQFIPENEVER HETEX QIQFERXY HEPEQ QIRHIWEMR
W]WXIQTIQFIPENEVER
8YNYER TIQFIPENEVER HETEX HMKYREOER WIFEKEM GSRXVSP HEPEQ
QIRIRXYOERFEXEWFEXEWHEROYEPMXEWTIQFIPENEVER

F 1IQMPML1IXSHI1SHIPEXEY8IORMO]ERK8ITEX
1IXSHI TIQFIPENEVER HMKYREOER SPIL KYVY YRXYO
QI[YNYHOERWYEWEREFIPENEVHERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVEREKEVTIWIVXE
HMHMOQIRGETEMOSQTIXIRWMHEREXEYWITIVERKOEXMRHMGEXSV]ERKXIPEL
HMXIXETOER 4IQMPMLER QIXSHI MRM HMWIWYEMOER HIRKER WMXYEWM HER
OSRHMWM WMW[E WIVXE OEVEOXIVMWXMO WIXMET MRHMGEXSV HER OSQTIXIRWM
]ERK LIRHEO HMGETEM 7IPERNYXR]E QIXSHI TIQFIPENEVER
HMOIQFERKOER OI EVEL ]ERK PIFML TVEOXMW OI HEPEQ XIORMO
TIQFIPENEVER (IRKER HIQMOMER XIORMO TIQFIPENEVER HMPEOYOER
WIWISVERKHEPEQQIRKMQTPIQIRXEWMOERQIXSHIWIGEVEWTIWMJMO

G 1IQMPML1IHME]ERK8ITEX
4IRKKYREER QIHME HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER HETEX
QIQFERKOMXOER QSXMZEWM QMREX HER OIMRKMRER FEVY HEPEQ HMVM
TIQFIPENEV

76

+EQFEV'SRXSL4IRKKYREER1IHME4IQFIPENEVER

/IQT HER (E]XSR QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMOER QERJEEX QIHME HEPEQ
TIQFIPENEVER]EMXY
4IR]EQTEMERQEXIVMTIPENEVERHETEXHMWIVEKEQOER
4VSWIWTIQFIPENEVERQIRNEHMPIFMLNIPEWHERQIREVMO
4VSWIWTIQFIPENEVERQIRNEHMPIFMLMRXIVEOXMJ
)JMWMIRWMHEPEQ[EOXYHERXIREKE
1IRKMRKOEXOEROYEPMXEWLEWMPFIPENEVWMW[E
1IHME QIQYRKOMROERTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVERHETEXHMPEOYOER HM
QEREWENEHEROETERWENE
1IHMEHETEXQIRYQFYLOERWMOETTSWMXMJWMW[EXIVLEHETQEXIVM
HERTVSWIWFIPENEV
1IRKYFELTIVERKYVYOIEVEL]ERKPIFMLTSWMXMJHERTVSHYOXMJ
+EQFEV,EWMP4IRIPMXMER([]IVXIRXERK&IRXYO4IR]ENMER4IWERHIRKER B
/IQEQTYER1IRMRKOEX A
B
IV
77
H 1IQMPML1EXIVM%NEV]ERK7IWYEMHIRKER4IRGETEMER/SQTIXIRWM
1EXIVM TIQFIPENEVER TEHE LEOMOEXR]E QIVYTEOER
TIRKIXELYERRMPEMRMPEMHEROIXIVEQTMPERWIFEKEMMWMHEVMWYEXYQEXE
TIPENEVER ]ERK HMEVELOER YRXYO QIRGETEM XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER
4VMRWMTTVMRWMTHEPEQTIQMPMLERQEXIVMTIQFIPENEVERQIPMTYXM
4VMRWMTVIPIZERWMOIXIVOEMXER HIRKERTIRGETEMEROSQTIXIRWM
4VMRWMTOSRWMWXIRWMOIENIKER
4VMRWMT OIGYOYTER QEXIVM ]ERK HMENEVOER QIQEHEM HEPEQ
QIQFERXY WMW[E QIRKYEWEM OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK HMENEVOER XMHEO
XIVPEPYWIHMOMXEXEYXIVPEPYFER]EO

+EQFEV.IRMW1EXIVM%NEV&IVHEWEVOER*YRKWMR]E

&IFIVETE TIVXMQFERKER ]ERK TIVPY HMTIVLEXMOER HEPEQ
QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWM QEXIVM TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK QIRYRNERK TIRGETEMER
/(]EMXY
4SXIRWMWMW[E
6IPIZERWMHIRKEROEVEOXIVMWXMOHEIVEL
8MRKOEX TIVOEQFERKER JMWMO MRXIPIOXYEP IQSWMSREP WSGMEP HER
WTMVMXYEPWMW[E
/IFIVQERJEEXERFEKMWMW[E
7XVYOXYVOIMPQYER
%OXYEPMXEWOIHEPEQERHEROIPYEWERQEXIVMTIQFIPENEVER
6IPIZERWM HIRKER OIFYXYLER TIWIVXE HMHMO HER XYRXYXER
PMRKOYRKER
%PSOEWM[EOXY

I 1IRKIQFERKOER/IKMEXER4IQFIPENEVER
/IKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER HMVERGERK YRXYO QIQFIVMOER
TIRKEPEQERFIPENEV]ERKQIPMFEXOERTVSWIWQIRXEPHERJMWMOQIPEPYM
MRXIVEOWM ERXEV WMW[E WMW[E HIRKER KYVY PMRKOYRKER HER WYQFIV
78
FIPENEV PEMRR]E HEPEQ VERKOE TIRGETEMER /( ,EPLEP ]ERK TIVPY
HMTIVLEXMOERHEPEQQIRKIQFERKOEROIKMEXERTIQFIPENEVEREHEPEL
(MWYWYR YRXYO QIQFIVMOER FERXYER OITEHE WMW[E HER KYVY
LEVYW HETEX QIPEOWEREOER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER WIGEVE
TVSJIWWMSREP
1IQYEXVERKOEMEROIKMEXERQERENIVMEP]ERKHMPEOYOERKYVYEKEV
WMW[EHETEXQIPEOYOEROIKMEXERWITIVXMHMWMPEFYW
(MWYWYR YRXYO WIXMET TIVXIQYER ]ERK FIVFIRXYO WOIREVMS
PERKOEL KYVY HEPEQ QIQFYEX WMW[E EOXMJ FIPENEV /IKMEXER
XIVWIFYXHMSVKERMWEWMOERQIRNEHMOIKMEXER
E 4IRHELYPYERHEPEQOIKMEXERMRMKYVY
1I]METOER WMW[E WIGEVE TWMOMW HER JMWMO YRXYO
QIRKMOYXMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER
1IQFIVM QSXMZEWM FIPENEV WMWIE WIGEVE OSRXIOWXYEP
WIWYEM QERJEEX HER ETPMOEWM QEXIVM ENEV HEPEQ
OILMHYTERWILEVMLEVM
1IRKENYOERTIVXER]EER]ERKQIRKEMXOERTIRKIXELYER
WIFIPYQR]EHIRKERQEXIVM]ERKEOERHMTIPENEVM
1IRNIPEWOERXYNYERTIQFIPENEVER]ERKEOERHMGETEM
1IR]EQTEMOERGEOYTERQEXIVMHERTIRNIPEWERYVEMER
OIKMEXERWIWYEMWMPEFYW
F -RXM /IKMEXER MRXM HMNEFEVOER PIFML PERNYX QIRNEHM TIVMRGMER
OIKMEXER IOWTPSVEWM IPEFSVEWM HER OSRJMVQEWM ]EORM
QIRKEQEXM QIRER]E QIRKYQTYPOER MRJSVQEWM
QIRKEWSWMEWMOER HER QIRKSQYRMOEWMOER 9RXYO
TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FIVXYNYER QIRKYEWEM TVSWIHYV YRXYO
QIPEOYOER WIWYEXY OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER HETEX FIVYTE
TIQSHIPERHIQSRWXVEWM SPIL KYVY EXEY ELPM TIRMVYER SPIL
TIWIVXEHMHMOTIRKIGIOERHERTIQFIVMERYQTERFEPMOSPIL
KYVYHERTIPEXMLERPERNYXER
G 4IRYXYTHEPEQOIKMEXERMRMKYVYFIVWEQEWMW[EFEMOWIGEVE
MRHMZMHYEP QEYTYR OIPSQTSO QIPEOYOER VIJPIOWM YRXYO
QIRKIZEPYEWM
7IPYVYL VERKOEMER EOXMZMXEW TIQFIPENEVER HER LEWMP
LEWMP]ERKHMTIVSPILYRXYOWIPERNYXR]EWIGEVEFIVWEQE
QIRIQYOERQERJEEXPERKWYRKQEYTYRXMHEOPERKWYRK
HEVMLEWMPTIQFIPENEVERXIVWIFYX
1IQFIVMOER YQTER FEPMO XIVLEHET TVSWIW HER LEWM
TIQFIPENEVER B
1IPEOYOER OIKMEXER XMRHEO PERNYX HEPEQ FIRXYO A
TIQFIVMERXYKEW
B
IV
79
1IRKMRJSVQEWMOER VIRGERE OIKMEXER TIQFIPENEVER
YRXYOTIVXIQYERFIVMOYXR]E

J 1IQMPML7YQFIV&IPENEV]ERK8ITEX
7YQFIV FIPENEV EHEPEL WIQYE WYQFIV FEMO FIVYTE HEXE
SVERK EXEY FIRHE ]ERK HETEX HMKYREOER YRXYO QIQFIVM JEWMPMXEW
EXEYOIQYHELERFIPENEVFEKMWMW[E(MXMRNEYHEVMEWEPYWYPR]EWYQFIV
FIPENEVHETEXHMFIHEOERQIRNEHMHYE]EMXY
7YQFIV FIPENEV HMVERGERK ]EMXY WYQFIV FIPENEV ]ERK QIQERK
WIRKENE HMFYEX YRXYO XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER 'SRXSL FYOY
TIPENEEVER powerpoint presentation, TVSKVEQ EYHMS HER
XVERWTEVERWM3,4
7YQFIVFIPENEV ]ERKWYHELXIVWIHMEHERXMRKKEP HMQERJEEXOER
]EMXYWYQFIVFIPENEV]ERKXMHEOWIGEVEOLYWYWHMVERGERKYRXYO
OITIVPYER TIQFIPENEVER REQYR HETEX HMXIQYOER HMTMPML HER
HMQERJEEXOER YRXYO OITIVPYER TIQFIPENEVER 'SRXSL XIREKE
ELPMTIQYOEEKEQEWE[ELXIVQMREPWYVEXOEFEVWMEVERXIPIZMWM
HERPEMRWIFEKEMR]E

K 1IRIRXYOER -RWXVYQIR 4IRMPEMER ]ERK HETEX QIRKYOYV OSQTIXIRWM
WMW[E
+YVY LEVYW QIPEOWEREOER TIRMPEMER TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO
QIRKYOYV OIQEQTYER HER HE]E WIVET TIWIVXE HMHMO HER QIRKYOYV
WIFIVETE FIVLEWMPR]E TVSKVEQ TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK HMPEOWEREOER
4IRMPEMER HMPEOYOER HIRKER QIRKKYREOER XIW HER RSRXIW HEPEQ
FIRXYO XIVXYPMW QEYTYR PMWER TIRKEQEXER OIVNE TIRKYOYVER WMOET
TIRMPEMER LEWMP OEV]E FIVYTE XYKEW TVS]IO HEREXEY TVSHYO
TIRKKYREER TSVXSJSPMS HER TIRMPEMER HMVM ,EPLEP ]ERK TIVPY
HMTIVLEXMOERHEPEQQIVERGERKTIRMPEMER]EMXY
(MEVELOERYRXYOQIRKYOYVTIRGETEMER/(
(MPEOYOER FIVHEWEVOER ETE ]ERK FMWE HMPEOYOER WMW[E WIXIPEL
QIRKMOYXMTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER
(MVERGERKWIGEVEFIVOIPERNYXER
,EWMPEREPMWMWHETEXHMNEHMOERTIVXMQFERKERYRXYOQIQFIVMOER
XMRHEOPERNYX
7MWXIQTIRMPEMERLEVYWHMWIWYEMOERHIRKERTIRKEPEQERFIPENEV
]ERKHMXIQTYLHEPEQTVSWIWTIQFIPENEVER

80
%HETYRVYERKPMRKOYTTIRMPEMERHMWENMOERHEPEQKEQFEVHM
FE[ELMRM

+EQFEV6YERK0MRKOYT4IRMPEMER

4IRMPEMER7MOET
7MOET FIVQYPE HEVM TIVEWEER ]ERK XIVOEMX HIRKER
OIGIRHIVYRKER WIWISVERK HEPEQ QIVIWTSRW WIWYEXY 7MOET
NYKEWIFEKEMIOWTVIWMHEVMRMPEMRMPEM]ERKHMQMPMOMSPILWIWISVERK
7MOET HETEX HMFIRXYO QIPEPYM WYEXY TVSKVEQ TIQFIPENEVER
WILMRKKE XIVNEHM TIVMPEOY EXEY XMRHEOER ]ERK HMMRKMROER 3PIL
OEVIRER]EHMTIVPYOERWYEXYVERKOEMEROIKMEXER]ERKHMVERGERK
YRXYO QIRKYOYV WMOET WMW[E WIFEKEM LEWMP HEVM OIKMEXER
TIQFIPENEVER
/YVMOYPYQ QIQFEKM OSQTIXIRWM WMOET QIRNEHM HYE
]EMXY
E 7MOET WTMVMXYEP ]ERK XIVOEMX HIRKER TIQFIRXYOER WMW[E
]ERKFIVMQERHERFIVXEU[E
B
A
B
IV
81
F 7MOETWSGMEP]ERKXIVOEMXHIRKERTIQFIRXYOERWMW[E]ERK
FIVEOLPEO QYPME QERHMVM HIQSOVEXMW HER
FIVXERKKYRKNE[EF
&IVMOYXWOIQETIRMPEMERWMOET]ERKHMXIVETOERHEPEQ
OYVMOYPYQ

+EQFEV7OIQE4IRMPEMER7MOET

%HETYRTIRNIPEWERHEVMWOIQEHMEXEWEHEPELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
E 3FWIVZEWM
3FWIVZEWM HEPEQ TIRMPEMER WMOET TIWIVXE HMHMO
QIVYTEOER XIORMO ]ERK HMPEOYOER WIGEVE
FIVOIWMREQFYRKER QIPEPYM TIRKEQEXER TIVMPEOY
%WYQWMR]EWIXMETTIWIVXEHMHMOTEHEHEWEVR]EFIVTIVMPEOY
FEMO WILMRKKE ]ERK TIVPY HMGEXEX LER]E TIVMPEOY ]ERK
WERKEX FEMO TSWMXMJ EXEY OYVERK FEMO RIKEXMJ ]ERK
FIVOEMXERHIRKERMRHMOEXSVWMOETWTMVMXYEPHERWMOETWSWMEP
'EXEXER LEPLEP TSWMXMJ HER QIRSRNSP HMKYREOER YRXYO
QIRKYEXOER TIVMPEOY TSWMXMJ WIHERKOER TIVMPEOY RIKEXMJ
HMKYREOER YRXYO TIQFMREER -RWXVYQIR ]ERK HMKYREOER
HEPEQSFWIVZEWMEHEPELPIQFEVSFWIVZEWMEXEYNYVREP,EWMP
SFWIVZEWM HMGEXEX HEPEQ NYVREP ]ERK HMFYEX WIPEQE WEXY
WIQIWXIVSPILKYVYQEXETIPENEVERKYVY&/HER[EPMOIPEW
.YVREP QIQYEX GEXEXER WMOET EXEY TIVMPEOY TIWIVXE HMHMO
]ERK WERKEX FEMO EXEY OYVERK FEMO HMPIRKOETM HIRKER
[EOXY XIVNEHMR]E TIVMPEOY XIVWIFYX HER FYXMVFYXMV WMOET
82
&IVHEWEVOERGEXEXERXIVWIFYXTIRHMHMOQIQFYEXHIWOVMTWM
TIRMPEMERWMOETTIWIVXEHMHMOWIPEQEWEXYWIQIWXIV
F 4IRMPEMER(MVM
4IRMPEMER HMVM HMPEOYOER HIRKER GEVE QIQMRXE
TIWIVXE HMHMO YRXYO QIRKIQYOEOER OIPIFMLER HER
OIOYVERKERHMVMR]EHEPEQFIVTIVMPEOY7IPEMRMXYTIRMPEMER
HMVMNYKEHETEXHMKYREOERYRXYOQIQFIRXYOWMOETTIWIVXE
HMHMOXIVLEHETQEXETIPENEVER,EWMPTIRMPEMERHMVMTIWIVXE
HMHMO HETEX HMKYREOER WIFEKEM HEXE OSRJMVQEWM 4IRMPEMER
HMVM HETEX QIQFIVM HEQTEO TSWMXMJ XIVLEHET
TIVOIQFERKEROITVMFEHMERTIWIVXEHMHMOERXEVEPEMR
HETEXQIRYQFYLOERVEWETIVGE]EHMVMOEVIREHMFIVM
OITIVGE]EERYRXYOQIRMPEMHMVMWIRHMVM
TIWIVXEHMHMOQIR]EHEVMOIOYEXERHEROIPIQELERHMVM
OEVIREOIXMOE QIPEOYOER TIRMPEMERLEVYW QIPEOYOER
MRXVSWTIOWM XIVLEHET OIOYEXER HER OIPIQELER ]ERK
HMQMPMOM
HETEXQIRHSVSRKQIQFMEWEOERHERQIPEXMLTIWIVXE
HMHMO YRXYO FIVFYEX NYNYV OEVIRE HMXYRXYX YRXYO NYNYV
HERSFNIOXMJHEPEQQIPEOYOERTIRMPEMERHER
QIQFIRXYO WMOET XIVLEHET QEXE TIPENEVER
TIRKIXELYER
-RWXVYQIR ]ERK HMKYREOER YRXYO TIRMPEMER HMVM
FIVYTE PIQFEV TIRMPEMER HMVM ]ERK HMVYQYWOER WIGEVE
WIHIVLEREREQYRNIPEWHERXMHEOFIVQEOREKERHEHIRKER
FELEWE PYKEW ]ERK HETEX HMTELEQM TIWIVXE HMHMO HER
QIRKKYREOERJSVQEXWIHIVLERE]ERKQYHELHMMWMTIWIVXE
HMHMO 0IQFEV TIRMPEMER HMVM HMFYEX WIHIQMOMER VYTE
WILMRKKE HETEX QIRYRNYOOER WMOET TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ
WMXYEWM ]ERK R]EXEWIFIREVR]E FIVQEORE HER
QIRKEVELOERTIWIVXEHMHMOQIRKMHIRXMJMOEWMOIOYEXEREXEY
OIPIQELERR]E ,EP MRM YRXYO QIRKLMPERKOER
OIGIRHIVYRKER TIWIVXE HMHMO QIRMPEM HMVMR]E WIGEVE
WYFNIOXMJ4IRMPEMERHMVMSPILTIWIVXEHMHMOHMPEOYOERQIPEPYM
PERKOELPERKOELWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
1IRNIPEWOER OITEHE TIWIVXE HMHMO XYNYER TIRMPEMER
HMVM
1IRIRXYOERMRHMOEXSV]ERKEOERHMRMPEM
1IRIRXYOEROVMXIVMETIRMPEMER]ERKEOERHMKYREOER B
1IVYQYWOER JSVQEX TIRMPEMER FIVYTE HEJXEV GIO A
checklist EXEY WOEPE TIRMPEMER rating scale EXEY
B
IV
83
HEPEQ FIRXYO IWEM YRXYO QIRHSVSRK TIWIVXE HMHMO
QIRKIREPMHMVMHERTSXIRWMR]E
G 4IRMPEMERERXEV8IQER
4IRMPEMERERXEVXIQEREHEPELTIRMPEMERHIRKER
GEVE TIWIVXE HMHMO WEPMRK QIRMPEM TIVMPEOY XIQERR]E
4IRMPEMER ERXEVXIQER HETEX QIRHSVSRK E SFNIOXMZMXEW
TIWIVXE HMHMO F IQTEXM G QIRKETVIWMEWM
OIVEKEQERTIVFIHEER HER H VIJPIOWM HMVM 7IFEKEMQERE
TIRMPEMERHMVMLEWMPTIRMPEMERERXEVXIQERHETEXHMKYREOER
WIFEKEMHEXEOSRJMVQEWM-RWXVYQIR]ERKHMKYREOERFIVYTE
PIQFEV TIRMPEMER ERXEVXIQER /VMXIVME TIR]YWYRER
MRWXVYQIRTIRMPEMERERXEVXIQERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
7IWYEMHIRKERMRHMOEXSV]ERKEOERHMYOYV
-RHMOEXSV HETEX HMYOYV QIPEPYM TIRKEQEXER TIWIVXE
HMHMO
/VMXIVME TIRMPEMER HMVYQYWOER WIGEVE WIHIVLERE
REQYR NIPEW HER XMHEO FIVTSXIRWM QYRGYPR]E
TIREJWMVERQEOREKERHEFIVFIHE
1IRKKYREOER FELEWE PYKEW ]ERK HETEX HMTELEQM
TIWIVXEHMHMO
1IRKKYREOER JSVQEX WIHIVLERE HER QYHEL
HMKYREOERSPILTIWIVXEHMHMO
-RHMOEXSV QIRYRNYOOER WMOETTIVMPEOY TIWIVXE HMHMO
HEPEQWMXYEWM]ERKR]EXEEXEYWIFIREVR]EHERHETEX
HMYOYV
4IRMPEMER ERXEV XIQER TEPMRK GSGSO HMPEOYOER
TEHE WEEX TIWIVXE HMHMO QIPEOYOER OIKMEXER OIPSQTSO
QMWEPR]E WIXMET TIWIVXE HMHMO HMQMRXE QIRKEQEXMQIRMPEM
HYE SVERK XIQERR]E HER HME NYKE HMRMPEM SPIL HYE SVERK
XIQERPEMRR]EHEPEQOIPSQTSOR]EWIFEKEMQEREHMEKVEQ
TEHEKEQFEVFIVMOYX

84

+EQFEV(MEKVEQ4IRMPEMER%RXEVXIQER

(MEKVEQ TEHE KEQFEV HM EXEW QIRKKEQFEVOER EOXMZMXEW
WEPMRKQIRMPEMWMOETTIVMPEOYERXEVXIQER
4IWIVXE HMHMO % QIRKEQEXM HER QIRMPEM & HER ) %
NYKEHMRMPEMSPIL&HER)
4IWIVXE HMHMO & QIRKEQEXM HER QIRMPEM % HER ' &
NYKEHMRMPEMSPIL%HER'
4IWIVXE HMHMO ' QIRKEQEXM HER QIRMPEM & HER ( '
NYKEHMRMPEMSPIL&HER(
4IWIVXE HMHMO ( QIRKEQEXM HER QIRMPEM ' HER ) (
NYKEHMRMPEMSPIL'HER)
4IWIVXEHMHMO)QIRKEQEXMHERQIRMPEM(HER%)NYKE
HMRMPEMSPIL(HER%

4IRMPEMER4IRKIXELYER
4IRMPEMER TIRKIXELYER QIVYTEOER TIRMPEMER YRXYO
QIRKYOYV OIQEQTYER TIWIVXE HMHMO FIVYTE TIRKIXELYER
JEOXYEP OSRWITXYEP TVSWIHYVEP HER QIXEOSKRMXMJ WIVXE
OIGEOETER FIVTMOMV XMRKOEX VIRHEL WEQTEM XMRKKM 4IRMPEMER MRM
FIVOEMXER HIRKER OIXIVGETEMER /SQTIXIRWM (EWEV TEHE /-
]ERKHMPEOYOERSPILKYVYQEXETIPENEVER4IRMPEMERTIRKIXELYER
HMPEOYOER HIRKER FIVFEKEM XIORMO TIRMPEMER 4IRHMHMO
QIRIXETOER XIORMO TIRMPEMER WIWYEM HIRKER OEVEOXIVMWXMO
OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK EOER HMRMPEM 4IRMPEMER HMQYPEM HIRKER
TIVIRGEREER TEHE WEEX QIR]YWYR 6IRGERE 4IPEOWEREER
4IQFIPENEVER644 HIRKERQIRKEGYTEHEWMPEFYW
4IRMPEMER TIRKIXELYER WIPEMR YRXYO QIRKIXELYM B
ETEOEL TIWIVXE HMHMO XIPEL QIRGETEM OIXYRXEWER FIPENEV NYKE A
YRXYO QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWM OIPIQELER HER OIOYEXER TIRKYEWEER
B
IV
85
TIRKIXELYER TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER
diagnostic 3PILOEVIREMXYTIQFIVMERYQTERFEPMOfeedback
OITEHETIWIVXEHMHMOSPILTIRHMHMOQIVYTEOERLEP]ERKWERKEX
TIRXMRKWILMRKKELEWMPTIRMPEMERHETEXWIKIVEHMKYREOERYRXYO
TIVFEMOERQYXYTIQFIPENEVER
&IVFEKEM XIORMO TIRMPEMER TIRKIXELYER HETEX
HMKYREOER WIWYEM HIRKER OEVEOXIVMWXMO QEWMRKQEWMRK /(
8IORMO ]ERK FMEWE HMKYREOER EHEPEL XIW XIVXYPMW XIW PMWER HER
TIRYKEWER 2EQYR XMHEO QIRYXYT OIQYRKOMRER HMKYREOER
XIORMO PEMR ]ERK WIWYEM QMWEPR]E TSVXSJSPMS HER SFWIVZEWM
7OIQE TIRMPEMER TIRKIXELYER HETEX HMPMLEX TEHE KEQFEV
FIVMOYX

+EQFEV7OIQE4IRMPEMER4IRKIXELYER

4IRMPEMER/IXIVEQTMPER
4IRMPEMER OIXIVEQTMPER EHEPEL TIRMPEMER YRXYO
QIRKYOYV TIRGETEMER OSQTIXIRWM TIWIVXE HMHMO XIVLEHET
OSQTIXIRWM HEWEV TEHE /- 4IRMPEMER OIXIVEQTMPER QIRYRXYX
TIWIVXE HMHMO QIRHIQSRWXVEWMOER WYEXY OSQTIXIRWM XIVXIRXY
4IRMPEMER MRM HMQEOWYHOER YRXYO QIRKIXELYM ETEOEL
TIRKIXELYER]ERKWYHELHMOYEWEMTIWIVXEHMHMOHETEXHMKYREOER
YRXYOQIRKIREPHERQIR]IPIWEMOERQEWEPELHEPEQOILMHYTER
WIWYRKKYLR]Ereal life /IXYRXEWERFIPENEVYRXYOOIXIVEQTMPER
HMXIRXYOER SPIL WEXYER TIRHMHMOER WIGEVE FIVXELET WEXYER
TIRHMHMOER XIVYW QIRMRKOEXOER OVMXIVME OIXYRXEWER FIPENEV
HIRKER QIQTIVXMQFERKOER TSXIRWM HER OEVEOXIVMWXMO QEWMRK
86
QEWMRKWEXYERTIRHMHMOERWIFEKEMFIRXYOTIRMRKOEXEROYEPMXEW
LEWMPFIPENEV
4IRMPEMER OIXIVEQTMPER HETEX HMPEOYOER HIRKER
FIVFEKEMXIORMOERXEVEPEMRTIRMPEMERTVEOXMOOMRIVNETVS]IOHER
TSVXSJSPMS8IORMOTIRMPEMERPEMRHETEXHMKYREOERWIWYEMHIRKER
OEVEOXIVMWXMO/(TEHE/-TEHEQEXETIPENEVER]ERKEOERHMYOYV
-RWXVYQIR ]ERK HMKYREOER FIVYTE HEJXEV GIO EXEY WOEPE
TIRMPEMERVEXMRKWGEPI ]ERKHMPIRKOETMVYFVMO7OIQETIRMPEMER
OIXIVEQTMPERHETEXHMPMLEXTEHEKEQFEVFIVMOYX

+EQFEV7OIQE4IRMPEMER/IXIVEQTMPER

E 4IRMPEMER9RNYO/IVNEOMRIVNETVEOXMO
4IRMPEMER YRNYO OIVNEOMRIVNETVEOXMO HMPEOYOER
HIRKER GEVE QIRKEQEXM OIKMEXER TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ
QIPEOYOER WIWYEXY 4IRMPEMER MRM GSGSO HMKYREOER YRXYO
QIRMPEM OIXIVGETEMER OSQTIXIRWM ]ERK QIRYRXYX TIWIVXE
HMHMO QIPEOYOER XYKEW XIVXIRXY WITIVXM TVEOXMOYQ HM
PEFSVEXSVMYQ TVEOXMO MFEHEL TVEOXMO SPELVEKE TVIWIRXEWM
FIVQEMR TIVER QIQEMROER EPEX QYWMO FIVR]ER]M HER
QIQFEGE TYMWMHIOPEQEWM 4IRMPEMER YRNYO
OIVNEOMRIVNETVEOXMO TIVPY QIQTIVXMQFERKOER LEPLEP
FIVMOYX
B
A
B
IV
87
0ERKOELPERKOELOMRIVNE]ERKTIVPYHMPEOYOERTIWIVXE
HMHMO YRXYO QIRYRNYOOER OMRIVNE HEVM WYEXY
OSQTIXIRWM
/IPIRKOETER HER OIXITEXER EWTIO ]ERK EOER HMRMPEM
HEPEQOMRIVNEXIVWIFYX
/IQEQTYEROIQEQTYER OLYWYW ]ERK HMTIVPYOER
YRXYOQIR]IPIWEMOERXYKEW
/IQEQTYER ]ERK EOER HMRMPEM XMHEO XIVPEPY FER]EO
WILMRKKEHETEXHMEQEXM
/IQEQTYER ]ERK EOER HMRMPEM WIPERNYXR]E HMYVYXOER
FIVHEWEVOER PERKOELPERKOEL TIOIVNEER ]ERK EOER
HMEQEXM

F 4IRMPEMER4VS]IO
4IRMPEMERTVS]IOQIVYTEOEROIKMEXERTIRMPEMER
XIVLEHET WYEXY XYKEW QIPMTYXM OIKMEXER TIVERGERKER
TIPEOWEREER HER TIPETSVER ]ERK LEVYW HMWIPIWEMOER
HEPEQ TIVMSHI[EOXY XIVXIRXY 8YKEW XIVWIFYX FIVYTE
WYEXY MRZIWXMKEWM QYPEM HEVM TIVIRGEREER TIRKYQTYPER
HEXE TIRKSVKERMWEWMER TIRKSPELER HER TIR]ENMER HEXE
4IRMPEMER TVS]IO HETEX HMKYREOER YRXYO QIRKIXELYM
TIQELEQER OIQEQTYER QIRKETPMOEWMOER MRSZEWM HER
OVIEXMZMXEW OIQEQTYER TIR]IPMHMOER HER OIQEQTYER
TIWIVXE HMHMO QIRKMRJSVQEWMOER QEXE TIPENEVER XIVXIRXY
WIGEVENIPEW4IRMPEMERTVS]IOHETEXHMPEOYOERHEPEQWEXY
EXEY PIFML /( WEXY QEXE TIPENEVER FIFIVETE QEXE
TIPENEVERWIVYQTYREXEYPMRXEWQEXETIPENEVER]ERKFYOER
WIVYQTYR
4IRMPEMER TVS]IO YQYQR]E QIRKKYREOER
QIXSHIFIPENEVTIQIGELERQEWEPELWIFEKEMPERKOELE[EP
HEPEQ TIRKYQTYPER HER QIRKMRXIKVEWMOER TIRKIXELYER
FEVY FIVHEWEVOER TIRKEPEQERR]E HEPEQ FIVEOXMJMXEW
WIGEVER]EXE4EHETIRMPEMERTVS]IOWIXMHEOR]EEHEIQTEX
LEP ]ERK TIVPY HMTIVXMQFERKOER ]EMXY TIRKIPSPEER
VIPIZERWMOIEWPMERHERMRSZEWMHEROVIEXMZMXEW
4IRKIPSPEER ]EMXY OIQEQTYER TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ
QIQMPML XSTMO QIRGEVM MRJSVQEWM HER QIRKIPSPE
[EOXYTIRKYQTYPERHEXEWIVXETIRYPMWERPETSVER
6IPIZERWM ]EMXY OIWIWYEMER XSTMO HEXE HER LEWMPR]E
HIRKER/(EXEYQEXETIPENEVER
88
/IEWPMER ]EMXY TVS]IO ]ERK HMPEOYOER TIWIVXE HMHMO
LEVYW QIVYTEOER LEWMP OEV]E WIRHMVM HIRKER
QIQTIVXMQFERKOER OSRXVMFYWM TIRHMHMO HER TMLEO
PEMRFIVYTEFMQFMRKERHERHYOYRKERXIVLEHETTVS]IO
]ERKHMOIVNEOERTIWIVXEHMHMO
-RSZEWM HER OVIEXMZMXEW ]EMXY TVS]IO ]ERK HMPEOYOER
TIWIVXE HMHMO XIVHETEX YRWYVYRWYV FEVY OIOMRMER
HERWIWYEXY]ERKYRMOFIVFIHEHEVMFMEWER]E

G 4IRMPEMER4VSHYO
4IRMPEMERTVSHYOQIPMTYXMTIRMPEMEROIQEQTYER
TIWIVXEHMHMOQIQFYEXTVSHYOTVSHYOXIORSPSKMHERWIRM
WITIVXM QEOERER GSRXSL XIQTI OYI EWMRER FEWS HER
REXEHIGSGS TEOEMERWEVEREOIFIVWMLERGSRXSLWEFYR
TEWXEKMKMGEMVERTIQFIVWMLHERWETY EPEXEPEXXIORSPSKM
GSRXSL EHETXSV EGHG HER FIP PMWXVMO LEWMP OEV]E WIRM
GSRXSL TEXYRK PYOMWER HER KEQFEV HER FEVERKFEVERK
XIVFYEXHEVMOEMROE]YOIVEQMOTPEWXMOEXEYPSKEQ
4IRKIQFERKER TVSHYO QIPMTYXM XMKE XELET
HERWIXMETXELETTIVPYHMEHEOERTIRMPEMER]EMXY
8ELET TIVWMETER QIPMTYXM TIRMPEMER OIQEQTYER
TIWIVXE HMHMO HER QIVIRGEREOER QIRKKEPM HER
QIRKIQFERKOERKEKEWERHERQIRHIWEMRTVSHYO
8ELETTIQFYEXERTVSHYOTVSWIW QIPMTYXMTIRMPEMER
OIQEQTYER TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ QIR]IPIOWM HER
QIRKKYREOERFELEREPEXHERXIORMO
8ELET TIRMPEMER TVSHYO ETTVEMWEP QIPMTYXM
TIRMPEMERTVSHYO]ERKHMLEWMPOERTIWIVXEHMHMOWIWYEM
OVMXIVME ]ERK HMXIXETOER QMWEPR]E FIVHEWEVOER
XEQTMPERJYRKWMHERIWXIXMOE
4IRMPEMER TVSHYO FMEWER]E QIRKKYREOER GEVE
EREPMXMOEXEYLSPMWXMO
'EVEEREPMXMO]EMXYFIVHEWEVOEREWTIOEWTIOTVSHYO
FMEWER]E HMPEOYOER XIVLEHET WIQYE OVMXIVME ]ERK
XIVHETEX TEHE WIQYE XELET TVSWIW TIRKIQFERKER
XELET TIVWMETER TIQFYEXER TVSHYO TIRMPEMER
TVSHYO
'EVE LSPMWXMO ]EMXY FIVHEWEVOER OIWER OIWIPYVYLER
HEVM TVSHYO FMEWER]E HMPEOYOER LER]E TEHE XELET B
TIRMPEMERTVSHYO A

B
IV
89
H 4IRMPEMER4SVXSJSPMS
4SVXSJSPMS QIVYTEOER TIRMPEMER FIVOIPERNYXER
FIVHEWEVOER OYQTYPER MRJSVQEWM ]ERK FIVWMJEX VIJPIOXMJ
MRXIKVEXMJ ]ERK QIRYRNYOOER TIVOIQFERKER OIQEQTYER
TIWIVXE HMHMO HEPEQ WEXY TIVMSHI XIVXIRXY %HE FIFIVETE
XMTI TSVXSJSPMS ]EMXY TSVXSJSPMS HSOYQIRXEWM TSVXSJSPMS
TVSWIW HER TSVXSJSPMS TEQIVER 4IRHMHMO HETEX QIQMPML
XMTI TSVXSJSPMS WIWYEM HIRKER OEVEOXIVMWXMO OSQTIXIRWM
HEWEVHEREXEYOSRXIOWQEXETIPENEVER
4EHE EOLMV WYEXY TIVMSHI LEWMP OEV]E XIVWIFYX
HMOYQTYPOER HER HMRMPEM SPIL TIRHMHMO FIVWEQE TIWIVXE
HMHMO &IVHEWEVOER LEWMP TIRMPEMER XIVWIFYX TIRHMHMO HER
TIWIVXE HMHMO HETEX QIRMPEM TIVOIQFERKER OIQEQTYER
TIWIVXE HMHMO HER XIVYW QIPEOYOER TIVFEMOER 7ILMRKKE
TSVXSJSPMSHETEXQIQTIVPMLEXOERTIVOIQFERKEROIQENYER
FIPENEVTIWIVXEHMHMOQIPEPYMOEV]ER]E
%KEV TIRMPEMER TSVXSJSPMS QIRNEHM IJIOXMJ
TIRHMHMOHERTIWIVXEHMHMOTIVPYQIRIRXYOERVYERKPMRKOYT
TIRKKYREERTSVXSJSPMSERXEVEPEMRWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
7IXMET TIWIVXE HMHMO QIQMPMOM HSOYQIR TSVXSJSPMS
WIRHMVM ]ERK QIQYEX LEWMP FIPENEV TEHE WIXMET QEXE
TIPENEVEREXEYWIXMETOSQTIXIRWM
1IRIRXYOER NIRMW LEWMP OIVNEOEV]E ]ERK TIVPY
HMOYQTYPOERHMWMQTER
4IRHMHMO QIQFIVM GEXEXER YQTER FEPMO FIVMWM
OSQIRXEVHERQEWYOERYRXYOHMXMRHEOPERNYXMTIWIVXE
HMHMO
4IWIVXE HMHMO LEVYW QIQFEGE GEXEXER TIRHMHMO
HIRKER OIWEHEVER WIRHMVM HER QIRMRHEOPERNYXM
QEWYOERTIRHMHMOYRXYOQIQTIVFEMOMLEWMPOE]ER]E
'EXEXER TIRHMHMO HER TIVFEMOER LEWMP OIVNE ]ERK
HMPEOYOERTIWIVXEHMHMOHMFIVMXERKKEPWILMRKKEHETEX
HMPMLEXTIVOIQFERKEROIQENYERFIPENEVTIWIVXEHMHMO
6EQFYVEQFYTIR]YWYRERHSOYQIRTSVXSJSPMS
(SOYQIRTSVXSJSPMSFIVYTEOEV]EXYKEWTIWIVXEHMHMO
HEPEQ TIVMSHI XIVXIRXY HMOYQTYPOER HER HMKYREOER
SPIL TIRHMHMO YRXYO QIRHIWOVMTWMOER GETEMER
OSQTIXIRWMOIXIVEQTMPER
(SOYQIR TSVXSJSPMS HMWIVXEOER TEHE [EOXY
TIRIVMQEER VETSV OITEHE SVERKXYE[EPM TIWIVXE
HMHMO WILMRKKE SVERKXYE[EPM QIRKIXELYM
90
TIVOIQFERKER FIPENEV TYXIVETYXIVMR]E
3VERKXYE[EPM TIWIVXE HMHMO HMLEVETOER HETEX
QIQFIVMOSQIRXEVGEXEXERTEHEHSOYQIRTSVXSJSPMS
WIFIPYQHMOIQFEPMOEROIWEXYERTIRHMHMOER
4IRHMHMO TEHE OIPEW FIVMOYXR]E QIRKKYREOER
TSVXSJSPMSWIFEKEMMRJSVQEWME[EPTIWIVXEHMHMO]ERK
FIVWERKOYXER

) 4IR]IQTYVREER1SHIP4IQFIPENEVER71/7IGEVE&IVOIPERNYXER
&IVHEWEVOER LEWMP OENMER TVSWIW TIQFIPENEVER HM 71/ HMVEWE TIVPY
YRXYOQIRMRKOEXOERHERQIPEOYOERWYEXYOIKMEXERQIQTIVFEMOMOYEPMXEWWIGEVE
OSRXMR]Y 7EPEL WEXY GEVE ]ERK HETEX HMPEOYOER ]EMXY QIPEPYM OIKMEXER lesson
studyLesson studyQIVYTEOERWYEXYQSHIPTIQFMREERTVSJIWMTIRHMHMOKYVY
QIPEPYM TIRKOENMER TIQFIPENEVER WIGEVE OSPEFSVEXMJ HER FIVOIPERNYXER
FIVPERHEWOERTVMRWMTTVMRWMTcolleagues and mutual learningYRXYOQIQFERKYR
OSQYRMXEW FIPENEV (EPEQ LEP MRM PIWWSR WXYH] FYOERPEL WYEXY QIXSHI EXEY
WXVEXIKM TIQFIPENEVER REQYR QIPEPYM PIWWSR WXYH] HETEX HMXIVETOER FIVFEKEM
TIQFELEVYER TIQFIPENEVER FIVHEWEVOER WMXYEWM OSRHMWM HER TIVQEWEPELER
]ERKHMLEHETMKYVYOLYWYWR]EHERWIOSPELTEHEYQYQR]E
1IWOM TEHE E[EPR]ELesson StudyHMOIQFERKOER TEHE TIRHMHMOER
HEWEVREQYRWEEXMRMEHEOIGIRHIVYRKERYRXYOHMXIVETOERTYPETEHETIRHMHMOER
QIRIRKEL HER FELOER TIRHMHMOER XMRKKM Lesson study HMPEOWEREOER HEPEQ
XELETER]EMXY
1. TIVIRGEREERgoal setting and planning
2. TIPEOWEREERdo : research lesson and lesson discussion HER
3. VIJPIOWMsee : consolidation of learning
B
A
B
IV
91

1IPEPYM XELETXELET MRM lesson study QIVYTEOER OIKMEXER ]ERK FIVOIPERNYXER
HEPEQQIQTIVFEMOMOYEPMXEWcontinuous quality improvement
4EHEXELETTIVIRGEREERplan HMPEOYOERTIVERGERKERTIQFIPENEVER
]ERKFIVTYWEXTEHEWMW[EEKEVQIVIOEFIVTEVXMWMTEWMEOXMJ4IVIRGEREER]ERK
FEMOHMPEOYOERWIGEVEFIVOSPEFSVEWMERXEVKYVYEXEYERXEVFIFIVETEKYVYHIRKER
FERXYER HSWIR WIFEKEM REVE WYQFIV YRXYO QIQTIVOE]E MHIMHI 4IVIRGEREER
HME[EPM HIRKER QIRKEREPMWMW TIVQEWEPELER ]ERK HMLEHETM KYVY HEPEQ
TIQFIPENEVER,EPMRMHETEXFIVWYQFIVTEHEQEXIVMTIPENEVERFMHERKWXYHM]ERK
QEWML TIVPY HMTIVHEPEQ KYVY EXEY TEIHEKSKM FMHERK WXYHM ]ERK QIPMTYXM
TIRHIOEXERQIXSHIQIHMEWXVEXIKMHERIZEPYEWMTIQFIPENEVER4IVQEWEPELER
]ERK FIVLYFYRKER HIRKER TIRHIOEXER HER QIXSHI FIVWYQFIV TEHE
OIWIWYEMERR]E HIRKER OEVEOXIVMWXMO QEXIVM TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK TIVPY HMOIXELYM
92
KYVY4IVQEWEPELERQIHMEHERWXVEXIKMTIQFIPENEVERIVEXLYFYRKERR]EHIRKER
XIVWIHMER]EJEWMPMXEWTIQFIPENEVER]ERKHETEXHMKYREOERKYVYYRXYOQIRGETEM
XYNYER TIQFIPENEVER 4IVQEWEPELER IZEPYEWM TIQFIPENEVER FIVLYFYRKER IVEX
HIRKER TIRKIXELYER KYVY XIRXERK GEVE TIRKYOYVER OIXIVGETEMER WXERHEV
OSQTIXIRWM7/ HEROSQTIXIRWMHEWEV/( SPILWMW[EFIVHEWEVOERWXERHEVMWM
QIRYVYX 4IVEXYVER 1IRXIVM 4IRHMHMOER 2EWMSREP 4IVQIRHMOREW RS XELYR
HEVM&EHER7XERHEV2EWMSREP4IRHMHMOER&724 (ITEVXIQIR4IRHMHMOER
2EWMSREP (ITHMOREW -RHSRIWME (EPEQ LEP MRM KYVY TIVPY QIQTIVHEPEQ
TIRKIXELYERR]EXIRXERKFIVFEKEMGEVEIZEPYEWMTIQFIPENEVERFMHERKWXYHM
&IVHEWEVOER TIVQEWEPELER ]ERK HMLEHETM KYVY FIVWEQE
OIPSQTSOR]E FIVHMWOYWM YRXYO QIRIQYOER WSPYWM XIVLEHET QEWEPEL ]ERK
HMLEHETM]ERKHMXYERKOERHEPEQFIRXYOVERGERKERTIQFIPENEVEREXEYVIRGERE
TIPEOWEREERTIQFIPENEVER644 1IRKMRKEXFER]EOTIVQEWEPELER]ERKFMEWE
HMLEHETM KYVY QEOE TIVPY HMWYWYR WXVEXIKM TVMSVMXEW YRXYO QIRERKKYPERKMR]E
1MWEPR]EHMTMPMLFIVWEQEQEWEPELQERE]ERKMRKMRHMTIGELOERXIVPIFMLHELYPY
QERE]ERKFIVMOYXR]EHERWIXIVYWR]E
%TEFMPETIVQEWEPELERR]EXIVPIXEOTEHEFMHERKQEXIVMHERTEIHEKSKM
QEOEKYVYTIVPYQIRHEPEQMQEXIVMTIPENEVERHIRKERQIPEOYOEREREPMWMWQEXIVM
EREPMWMW OSRWIT YRXYO QIRIQYOER OEVEOXIVMWXMO OSRWIT ]ERK EOER HMTIPENEVM
WMW[E%TEFMPEKYVYQIQIVPYOERTIRKE]EERQEOEHSWIRHEVMTIVKYVYERXMRKKM
WIFEKEMREVEWYQFIVQIR]IHMEOERHMVMYRXYOFIVOSRWYPXEWM7IPERNYXR]EETEFMPE
TIVQEWEPELER]ERKHMLEHETMXIVOEMXHIRKERJEWMPMXEWTIQFIPENEVERQEOE]ERK
TIVPY HMGEVM KYVY EHEPEL XIEGLMRK QEXIVMEP ]ERK QYVEL PS[ GSWX XIVHETEX HM
PMRKOYRKER WIOMXEV WIOSPEL PSGEP QEXIVMEP HER ]ERK XIVTIRXMRK EHEPEL
QIVERGERK TIQFIPENEVER ]ERK FIVFEWMW EOXMZMXEW WMW[E hands-on ]ERK
QIQFERKOMXOER OIKMEXER FIVTMOMV WMW[E minds-on ,EP MRM EOER FIVLYFYRKER
PERKWYRK HIRKER VERGERKER PIQFEV OIVNE WMW[E 0/7 ]ERK EOER HMKYREOER
HEPEQ TIQFIPENEVER YRXYO QIQFERXY WMW[E QIRKYEWEM QEXIVM TIQFIPENEVER
(IRKERHIQMOMERTIVQEWEPELER]ERKFIVLYFYRKERHIRKERQIHMEHERWXVEXIKM
TIQFIPENEVER HETEX HMEXEWM (EPEQ YTE]E MRM OIPSQTSO KYVY HETEX WEPMRK
FIVXYOEV TMOMVER TIRKEPEQER HER MRJSVQEWM XIRXERK TIRKEPEQER QIVIOE
QEWMRKQEWMRK HEPEQ QIQFIPENEVOER XSTMO ]ERK HMTMPML XIVWIFYX 6ERGERKER
TIRKKYREERteaching material]ERKFEVYTIVPYHMYNMGSFEOERXIVPIFMLHELYPYSPIL
OIPSQTSO KYVY ]ERK QIQFYEX VERGERKER XIVWIFYX 4EHE XELET MRM FMEWER]E
HSWIR HEVM TIVKYVYER XMRKKM QIQFIVMOER QEWYOER OITEHE TEVE KYVY YRXYO
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97

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