Madina Book3 Notes PDF

ARIC Arabic Class Notes
Part 8
Topics
Classification of Verbs

Pronoun Summary

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1
Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Sep. 24, 2011 1 Zahid Naeem Classification of Verbs
Jan. 14, 2012 2 Zahid Naeem

Added
Jan. 21, 2012 3 Zahid Naeem Added more pages for

Jun. 4, 2012 4 Zahid Naeem Added Pronoun summary and notes on
Jul. 15, 2012 5 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Exception, Oath and Diptote
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ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 2

...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )
) (

) (
)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 3

An Intermediate Dictionary of Verb Conjugation - Numbering

...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )

) (

) (

( ) Classification of Verbs Example

...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )

) (

) (


...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )

) (

) (


...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )

) (

) (


...
VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )

) (

) (

And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it.
(28:55)
: ...
Instrument of

the Condition

In this example is
Answer to the
Condition
signifies a

In this example is
(conditional clause), and there are

many ( instruments of

can be a nominal or condition)
verbal sentence.
Verb of the
Condition

Generally belongs to one
is ,
If than
of two categories:
In this example is o
: Ones, which change the
will become
will always be verb in
and

is prefixed with a < >, ,
if it meets certain conditions. E.g., if
or to
it is a nominal sentence or there is If than
is , o : Ones, which do not
in it. For a complete list, see will become change the verbs in and
subsequent pages

, to .
If is prefixed with a < > belongs to this group
is not made ,

the )) ( changes the meaning of

even if the is )) ( and
to future,
)
even if the verbs are
See subsequent pages for more details

should be preceded with , if it meets certain conditions.
For example, if
is a , it will be preceded with a

And if My slave asks you

about Me, than surely I am
near (2:186):

Also, if ) , it will be preceded with a
contains a (

If I see Bilal, what should

I tell him

There are other conditions which require
to be preceded
with . These are described in subsequent pages.

Instruments of Condition -

Two categories of

When Our verses are
recited to him, he says,
Neither of the two verbs

"Legends of the former
peoples." (68:15)

or
(
) is
: made
If, When

Both the verbs (
If you go,
I (will) go
and
) are made
If .

( It makes two
Whoever Whichever
verbs )
/

Whatever you
drink, I (will) drink
Whatever Wherever

Whenever Whatever

Instruments of Condition -
When Ramadan
comes, doors of the
Paradise are opened

if you support Allah, He will

support you and plant firmly
your feet (47:7) :

Whenever you travel,
I (will) travel
Whoever does an atoms weight of

good, shall see it (99:7):

And whatever good you do, Allah
/ Wherever you stay, I
knows it (2:197) : (will) stay (there)

Whichever dictionary we find
in the bookshop, we will buy it

Whatever you say,
we believe you


should be preceded with , if it ( ) meets one of the following conditions:
Whoever obeys Allah and His
messenger, has indeed achieved
a great success (33:71) :
Whoever deceives us, is not
one of us

If you travel, I will (also)
travel

If you see Hamid, ask him
about the time of departure
Whatever the circumstances be, I do not
lie

Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in the If you find the patient sleeping, dont wake him up

Hereafter

is a verb having only one form, e.g.

. These have no or

Once is
is preceded with , its verb will not be even if
If you travel, I will (also) travel

In this case, the whole is said to be

If, in the above example, was not used in the

, it will cause to be dropped, which
will result in the verb in
to be , as shown below:

If you travel, I (will also) travel


VIII V II

IX VI III

X VII IV

( )
) (

) (

Pronouns Summary

Only the letters highlighted
in red represent the [] []
Please note a further
breakdown is often done at
advanced levels, but is not
shown here for brevity. For
only example, in
is the [] []
is the sign of , and
plural. For simplicity,
however, we will consider
as
for now. []

[]
= ] [ []
The Absolute Object
Bilal beat me
a beating
is a of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the
verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always

Four Uses of

The book was printed And Allah spoke to Ms
twice
directly :

To specify the To emphasize the
number meaning
I thank

He died the death of
Here the is you
martyrs
a substitute for

the verb , To specify the type
of action
As a substitute for
which is omitted its verb
In this case, only the is used and the verb is omitted

Deputies of the Masdar

The following words deputize for and are therefore

, and are grammatically

regarded as .

Flog them eighty stripes

I know him fully well
:
A number with the
Words
with the as their
as its

Hewords
spoke to me harsh

This is for
I understood the
lesson very well

An adjective of
Do you accord me this kind of the , which
reception? itself is omitted
And you love wealth with an
abounding love :

A demonstrative pronoun
with the as its The cognate
I lived a happy life I worked hard in a way nobody else did

A synonym of A pronoun referring
the See subsequent pages for more on these topics to the
**
The Cognate Masdar
* ***
A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, instead it is
related to the verb in its common root. Following two situations apply:

From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with And you love wealth with an
complete devotion abounding love :
Form II Form V ) ( Form IV

Masdar
Masdar: Ma
Masdar: Ma
Masdar: Ma
Masdar:
Root: Root: Root: Root:
Common root Common root
* ** ***
cog-nate - \kg-nt\ : word related to another by common root ( Form III): To meet : Derivation

It is a word, which has the same meaning as the masdar but has less letters than the masdar. Every
verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e.
, there could be along
with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has on the pattern of along with its
.
regular masdar on the pattern of

:
Form II

:
:
Form V
Number of letters in each word: 4 5

The Exception
The The tool of The one from which the
excepted exception exception is made

All the students have
passed except Hamid
is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are

many other instruments of exception, including the following
important ones.


Types of Exception
is is
mentioned
not mentioned
No one came except All students came except Hamid
Hamid

is of a
different kind

is of the
same kind as
The guests have arrived than ? I have visited all European countries, ?
except their luggage except Greece

The sentence is a The sentence

negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
Does anyone fail except the sentence? Open the windows except sentence
lazy? the last one

Declension of Exception with illa

When is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of depends on
the type of exception, as shown below
is is
not mentioned mentioned
is of a
different kind
is of the
same kind as
than ? ?

sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the

sentence, as if

OR

of
Same as
is not mentioned with

Examples for illa
Allah forgives all
sins except shirk

, which is , is mentioned
is is
is a kind of
is of a
different kind
is of the
same kind as
than ? ?
The sentence is an
affirmative sentence

sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the

sentence, as if

OR

of
Same as

Examples for illa
/
No students were
present except
Hamid

Declension of is the same as OR

is is
is a student
is of a
different kind
is of the
same kind as
than ? ?
The sentence is a negative sentence

sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the

sentence, as if

OR

of
Same as

Examples for illa
Every sickness has a
medicine except death

is is
Death is
not a
sickness is of a
different kind
is of the
same kind as
than ? ?

sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the

sentence, as if

OR

of
Same as

Examples for illa
To get the correct declension for
No one failed except Bilal

in the case of , remove
from the sentence. ) ( In
is not mentioned this case, so it is . Of
is
course, removing will make the
is is
meaning opposite of what the original
not mentioned mentioned sentence means. This is done only to
establish the declension.
is of a
different kind
is of the
same kind as
than ? ?

sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the

sentence, as if

OR

of
Same as

The Oath

One of the important things in Arabic is the Qasam : taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,
or a statement etc. It has its own rules.
The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath
The word is not used frequently. /

, which is its is
Instead

used more often.
: :

These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath and :
act as
, so the noun after them is
. They
deputize for the verb , which itself is not mentioned

:
This particle is only used with and ...

:
This is not related to the is used to negate any idea, notion,

. is by itself. The before the
thought or an opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses
before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will
. ( /
state after taking the ) . In the Quran,
has been used 8 times. Even in
everyday conversations, one may hear

The , which may be
requires or
.
as a rule, requires emphasis.
There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power & force of

. Insha Allah we will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages.

negative positive
No Requires
emphasis emphasis
required
negative positive negative positive
The sentence in

can be either
No Requires No Requires
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required required 1. ( positive) or
2.
( negative) . The negative sentence
has particles like
Instruments of Emphasis in when it is

When is

, it is emphasized using one of the following

three instruments of emphasis

Examples Instrument of Emphasis

There is no example of being used in the positive
Quran as

Requires
emphasis
...
:
It is used in the Quran but less frequently
negative
: No
They are used most frequently in the ... : emphasis
Quran for . The combination of required
: brings greater and
stronger emphasis than either of 1 and 2, :
above, used by itself

When is a
,
no emphasis is required
:
Instruments of Emphasis in
when it is

When

is
, it is emphasized
using
Examples

Instrument of

Emphasis
...
:
:

:
positive negative
, it means Please remember when a sentence commences with
Requires No
that it is

is latent and (present but
emphasis invisible). Here
emphasis
are some examples from the Quran: required
negative positive negative positive
No Requires No Requires :
emphasis emphasis
emphasis
required
emphasis
required

:

as In such cases, i.e. when qasam is latent, we will analyze
:
:
:

:
When

is a , no emphasis is required
Instruments of Emphasis in
when it is

When

is
, it is emphasized using one of
following instruments of emphasis

Examples Instrument of Emphasis
... + +
:
are used
The lm is prefixed to a present tense verb and the nn is
of emphasis
suffixed to it. These two instruments
together when: positive negative

1. The present tense verb denotes futurity and
: 2.The lm is not separatedRequires from the verb No
( the lmemphasis
emphasis
This lm is called

of receiving the
required
negative positive positive negative qasam) and the nn is called
No Requires By Allah, I
Requires
love you a
.No ) +
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required
lot
required Only the lm (
) , prefixed to a present tense
...
) verb, is used for emphasis when:
1. Either the present tense verb does not denote futurity or
2.The lm is separated from the verb
: : In both of these cases
is not used.
When
is a
Please remember if the mode of expression,
+ + e.g. , appears alone
, no then for sure it is and the is latent (present but invisible).

emphasis is required Here is an example from the Quran: :

( combining the qasam with the shart) is another important grammatical element of the qasam.

Now let us join the to this sentence; by adding

However, is not commonly used. Instead ( the letter lm))

is used and it denotes . Together and are written as

This lm is called or - The lm that paves the way for the qasam.
It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam.
Verb Type/Form Meaning
To trample under the foot
Form II
: To trample continuously (intensive action ;) walking on ground so that a walk
able path is paved. The masdar has come to mean introduction

:
Form IV Same meaning as in Form II
When the qasam is introduced to the shart sentence, the jawab should conform to the qasam and not to the
shart Now the
shart. . Hence the that was in the
will become will no longer be there
in the

.

Examples of in

- The lm that paves the way for the qasam.

It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam. So wherever , it means is used , as in
there is an implicit qasam there.
If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasam can be estimated to be:
If the statement is from Allah, the qasam can be estimated to be:

is frequently used in the Quran (about 60 times). Following are some examples of this lm in
the Quran, grouped by the type of

When
is

:
:

:

:

:

: :

: :

Examples of in
When
is
When

is
:
: =
:
to go off course, to deviate :
Note that this verb is i.e. it is sister of is , while
:
(

) :
:
:

...:

When
is

:
:
:

Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need
for emphasis in the :


Examples of in
When
is
) (Its use in the Quran is prolific
:
:

This last nn is

) =

(

:
:

:

: :

:

:
Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the
qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam.
:

: :
www.tanzil.net is an excellent search engine for the Quran,
:
where you can search using Arabic text. For example, If you were
it would find 61 places in the Quran where it is used. to type

The Diptote
noun is the one that declines, i.e. dhun, dhan, dhin; Noun that
Diptote is a noun, which: changes the final vowel to indicate its function in the sentence.
1. Does not accept the tanwin, and
2. Does not decline fully, i.e. it takes fathah instead of kasrah when it is majrr
Reasons for a noun being diptote

For one reason
1. Nouns which end in :

This alif is either written as a dot-less ya ( )or a long alif (). In both cases, the pronunciation is Aa. While is
used most often as in: , but if it is preceded by a proper ya ( with two dots), then it changes to a
long alif ( )as in
2. Nouns which end in : Please note if the hamza is the third radical and is not extra,
Alif followed by hamza ().
then the word is not diptote. Refer to Book 3 Key, Lesson 34
for more detail and examples

3. Nouns on the patterns of and
.
These are called / ( The ultimate plural).

) (
For two reasons (see next page)


The Diptote
Reasons for a noun being diptote
For one reason (see previous page)
For two reasons
Proper Nouns - Adjectives -

1. Feminine Proper Nouns -
: :
1. Adjectives on the patterns of

2. Foreign Proper Nouns - : 2. Adjectives on the patterns of :

3. Altered (modified) Proper Nouns - : 3. Altered form of adjective - :
These are on the pattern of . The verb means to do a) Numbers on the pattern of
justice, to put things in proper place, to change or alter. or :
means something which is changed or altered. The name for ( three at a time)

is the altered form of ( a triptote), which is the
for ( two at a time)
of ( to flourish/thrive/prosper, live long) b) The word ( plural of )
4. Proper nouns ending with extra :

5. Proper nouns resembling verbs:
like , like

6. Compound Proper Nouns :


The Diptote
In one of the following two conditions, a diptote will become a triptote, i.e. it will decline fully:
1 :
If it is decorated with the definite article I stayed in these hotels

I gave the loaf to the hungry boy
2 :

If it becomes

I taught in the schools of Madinah

I contacted Bilals friends
Diptote Triptote (declines fully)
Write with a red pen Write with the red pen

- -


Examples of Grammatical Analysis for
Please remember the proper noun
is a non-Arabic
name and therefore it is diptote

.

( )


Examples of Grammatical Analysis for

.

( )

.

.

.

.

of Examples of Grammatical Analysis for

, is on the , which is the plural of
The word
pattern of (
/
The
ultimate plural), as plural and at the same time it is
). Other examples include: ( its 3rd radical is ya
of the . These are called the

, and they are treated just as the
in

.

.

.

.


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ARIC Arabic Class Notes

Visit www.AbdurRahman.org for More Resources

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Jan. 14, 2012 2 Zahid Naeem

Jan. 21, 2012 3 Zahid Naeem Added more pages for

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 2

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 3

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 4

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 5

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 6

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 7

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 8

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 9

If I see Bilal, what should

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 11

if you support Allah, He will

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 12

is a verb having only one form, e.g.

If you travel, I will (also) travel

If, in the above example, was not used in the

If you travel, I (will also) travel

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 14

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 15

In this case, only the is used and the verb is omitted

I lived a happy life I worked hard in a way nobody else did

Form II Form V ) ( Form IV

Common root Common root

Number of letters in each word: 4 5

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 20

is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 22

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 23

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 24

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 25

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 26

No one failed except Bilal

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 27

The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath

The word is not used frequently. /

This particle is only used with and ...

This is not related to the is used to negate any idea, notion,

To trample under the foot

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 34

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 35

www.tanzil.net is an excellent search engine for the Quran,

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 36

Reasons for a noun being diptote

For two reasons (see next page)

Diptote Triptote (declines fully)

Write with a red pen Write with the red pen

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5) 39

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 8 (ver. 5 40

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