PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI DAN

B3 (BAHAN BERBAHAYA DAN BERACUN)

TK141481
PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH B3 (BIOREMEDIASI)

Dr. Eng. R. Darmawan

13 Maret 2017
D. Bioremediation

Any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their

enzymes to break down harmful chemicals and pollutants in order
to return the environment to its original natural condition.

Bioremediation focuses on different sources they are called as different

names.
plant phytoremediation
fungi mycoremediation
 In Situ Bioremediation

In Situ Bio Remediation

In Place Microbial Method to Fix

Biological agents (bacteria, fungi, plants, or their enzymes) used to

clean up pollution in the environment.

Reference: Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Earth Science Division, LBNL
How does it work ??

Growth-Promoting Biological Reduction

+ +

Electron Donor Electron Acceptor Waste Products Energy

(Food) (something to breathe) [CO2, N2, FeS2, Cl-]
[O2, NO3-, SO42-, TCE, etc.]

(Drawing Modified from AFCEE and Wiedemeier)

Principle of Bioremediation

Natural attenuation is the

Natural simplest method of
Attenuation bioremediation in which soils are
only monitored for variations in
Have pollution concentrations to
Microbes ensure that the pollutant
transformation is active

Have food
and nutrients
Principle of Bioremediation

Usually applied in cases where

Bioaugmentation natural active microbial
communities are present in low
quantities or even absent,
Need wherein the addition of
Microbes contaminant degrading
organisms can accelerate the
transformation rates
Have food
and nutrients
Principle of Bioremediation

The capacity of a microbial

Biostimulation population to degrade pollutants
can be enhanced also by
stimulation of the indigenous
Have microorganisms by addition of
Microbes nutrients or electron acceptors

Need food
and nutrients
List of Bioremediable Contaminants
 Bioremediation

Bioremediation Strategies

In situ Bioremediation
(at the site)

Ex situ Bioremediation
(away from the site)
Different techniques are employed depending on the degree of
saturation and aeration of an area
(Barathi S and Vasudevan N, 2001)
Bioremediation Strategy

(Barathi S and Vasudevan N, 2001)

In Situ Bioremediation

2 types

Engineered Bioremediation
Intentional changes Doing nothing

Intrinsic Bioremediation
Simply allow biodegradation to
occur under natural conditions

(Wood TK , 2008)
In Situ Bioremediation

In situ bioremediation is when the contaminated site is cleaned up

exactly where it occurred.
There is no need to excavate or remove soils or water in order to
complete remediation.
In situ biodegradation involves supplying oxygen and nutrients by
circulating aqueous solutions through contaminated soils to stimulate
naturally occurring bacteria to degrade organic contaminants. It can be
used for soil and groundwater.
It is the most commonly used type of bioremediation because it is the
cheapest and most efficient, so its generally better to use.
(Wood TK , 2008)
 Intrinsic Bioremediation
- a bioremediation under natural conditions

Intrinsic bioremediation uses

microorganisms already present in the
environment to biodegrade harmful
contaminant.

There is no human intervention

involved
most commonly used.

the cheapest means of bioremediation

available

(Barathi S and Vasudevan N., 2001)

Engineered Bioremediation

The second approach involves the introduction of certain

microorganisms to the site of contamination.

Engineered in situ bioremediation accelerates the degradation

process by enhancing the physicochemical conditions to
encourage the growth of microorganisms.

Oxygen, electron acceptors and nutrients (nitrogen and

phosphorus) promote microbial growth.

(Barathi S, Vasudevan N., 2001)

In Situ Engineered Bioremediation
Bioventing
Involves supplying air and nutrients through wells to contaminated soil to stimulate
the indigenous bacteria.

(Vidali,M., 2001)
Ex situ engineered bioremediation Strategies

(Source: http://ndpublisher.in/ndpjournal.php?j=IJAEB)
Ex Situ Bioremediation

Composting is a technique that involves combining contaminated soil

with organic compounds such as agricultural wastes.
The presence of these organic materials supports the development of a rich
microbial population and elevated temperature characteristic of composting.

(Source: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=bioremediation+images)
Bioremediation (Land Farming)

Landfarming, also known as land treatment or

land application, is an above-ground
remediation technology for soils

Landfarming is a simple technique in which

contaminated soil is excavated and spread
over a prepared bed and periodically tilled
until pollutants are degraded.

The effectiveness of landfarming depends on

parameters such as soil characteristics,
climatic conditions, Soil texture etc
Bioremediation (Biopile)

Biopile, also known as biocell, bioheap, biomound or compost pile

It means a pile of contaminated soils used to reduce concentrations of

petroleum constituents in excavated soils through the use of
biodegradation.

This technology involves heaping contaminated soils into piles or cells

and stimulating aerobic microbial activity within the soils through the
aeration or addition of minerals, nutrients and moisture.

It is a hybrid of landfarming and composting

Ex Situ Bioremediation
At Nawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad
Ex Situ Bioremediation
At Nawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad

Secure Bioremediation Pit (SBP) Lined with HDPE liner

Ex Situ Bioremediation
At Nawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad

Collection of Oil contaminated soil at SBP

Ex Situ Bioremediation
At Nawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad

Oil contaminated soil at SBP

 Ex-Situ Bioremediation
Ex-Situ
Bioremediation at lab scale, in BTL-BPPT Bioremediation at field scale, in Tokyo area
Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation is the use of plants for the removal of

contaminants and metals from the soil and water, or to
render them harmless

It is basically the decontamination or stabilization of the

polluted area using plants
Phytoremediation

5
1
4
2 3

Rhizofiltration
Phytoextraction

Phytovolatilization Rhizodegradation

Phytostabilization
28
Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation
 Phytoremediation

Pteris vittata Thlaspi caerulescens Thlaspi montanum Alyssum bertolonii and

Berkheya coddii

Alyssum Brassica juncea Liriodendron Eichhornia crassipes

Cannabis sativa
serpyllifolium tulipifera
Phytoremediation

At The BTL (Institute of Environmental

Technology) - the BPPT (Agency for The
Assessment and Application of Technology),
Serpong,
32 West Java - INDONESIA
TERIMA KASIH