There are two reasons for applying on-line identi?cation.

First, a too simplistic

(e.g. linear) model may be used, which is only capable of describing the process
behaviour within a small operating regime. The need for on-line adaptation then
emerges from the process nonlinearities that are not represented by the model. This
strategy is employed in classical linear adaptive control [19]. However, the second
reason for the requirement of on-line adaptation is time-variant behaviour of the
process. This problem, addressed here, equally exists for both linear and nonlinear
models.
A TakagiSugeno fuzzy model possesses nonlinear para-meters which determine the
rule premises (centres and standard deviations of the validity functions) and
linear parameters which determine the rule consequents. For on-line adaptation, the
following strategy is pursued. It is assumed that at least a rough model has been
identi?ed off-line with the GustafsonKessel fuzzy clustering algorithm.
In the on-line phase the rule premises are kept ?xed and only the rule consequents
are adapted. The advantage of this approach is the exploitation of mature,
computationally effective and numerically robust linear recursive algorithms. A
drawback lies in the requirement of an off-line model and in its limited structural
?exibility. Since many time-variant processes such as the thermal processes do not
signi?cantly change their nonlinear structure over time but only their gains, time
constants or zeros the latter drawback might not be very severe. In general
however, if one does not have any prior knowledge of the process, it will not be
known to what extent the nonlinear structure of the time-variant process changes.
But even if the structural properties of the process chan