83

MaUF....

ma ghl Ua gig btL jUz

vKidUJ wghd Cfid, Mjuit e tU fngh,
fngh r_fnjhUF vf berhj efis g brnwh.
cy _iyKLFf vyh JJ fLofS, MfS
nkbfhL tUtjh, maiy bghUjtiu, mj mogil
bfhiffS, nfhghLfS vj x Wahd tiuaiwF cglhJ;
fhynjhW khbfhnl Uj fTL. ma cikfis,
fUJfis mt rhuij J rfhk ca glfSl
ml KaWnsh.
ma fUJfis nghg brJ fw Kiw X mogilTwhf
midtuhY VWbfhsgLsJ. ghlf lbgWs
braghLf thyhf, mjj ghlfUJfis kL fWbfhsnth,
rghfnth khzhf ftdij Ff brtjF khwhf
braghLfis brnghJ, mtwh flagL Ko vgJ
mLjnjh nrhjid nkbfhtjF lkgjhf Uj ntL.
gagLJ bghUf iykthf, jj UlfSF mUnf
v ilf ntL vgJ fU UjgL, braghLfS
MfS totikfgLsJ. braghLf nkbfhtij begLj,
mit _W fshfgLsd.
ehnd brnw - khzt xbthUtU Rakhf nkbfhtd.
ehfns brnwh - khzt FGfshf J nkbfhtd.
cWneh mnth - Mauh brJfhl jfd.
_whtJ braghLf, nkbfht rnw fodkhd myJ
rhu, mghafukhd ntbghUf bjhlghditahf UF.
nkY mJ bfhnth jiy cs, ghl rhj aL
cikf/ brf btW jftfns m nj fnzhl
khzhfiu mbrf rhJ nrhj TlhJ.
kL vgJ fwYfhd kbwhU js vw ntWgl nfhz
mQfgLsJ. JbfhSjiy KjikgLJtdh, cUnghLj
vD tHfij KYkhf ntuWf Kid fhlgLsJ. fwjtiw
mwhl th gagLJ w, fiy F w, gFjh
jid nghwtiw CfgLj ntL. xU dhF xF
nkgl ilfis khzhf jU th UFkhdh, mjF Kaf
vnghJ ghuhlglntL.
nkY ma jffS, izajs KftfS, ghlf W
bfhLfgLsd. cflUJ Mftkhf fUJfS,
krdfS tuntfgLwd. jFahd krdf fU
bfhsgL cgLjgL.
- Ma FG
sciencetextbook@gmail.com

84
ma vgJ...
gf kL Na bjtJ V?

u kLnk eruf
DtJ V?

miwF itjhY brof Na

xia nehna tstJ V?

J nghw V? vjF? vgo?

vw nffS mtiw ma eh
il njl nkbfhS midJ
tif braghLfSnk ma.

fhiy g JyF ntis

UJ u
gLJwFtiu eh KGtJ gntW
bghUfis eh gagLJnwh.
mit midJnk ma jj
gRfjh.

ma xU thd aa
(Physics) vgJ msL, af, x,
x, a kW dDa
nghwtiw g sFtjhF.

nta (Chemistry) vgJ eik

Rs bghUf jik, gf
(cnyhf, mnyhf, Rit, kz, my,
fhu nghwit) kW gafis g
MuhjtjhF.

EQf, jhtuf, yF
fis g tF ma ca
(Biology) MF. jhtua, ya
vgJ ca U f. bro,
bfho, ku g fgJ jhtua
(Botany). yFfis g fgJ
ya (Zoology).

ma 85
 jhtuf cyf 1
ekJ tuyhW ghl
gojJnghy, bjhlf fhy
ekJ Kndhf ntilaho
cz njo miyJ
jhf. wF, gy Mu
MLfSF czfhd
jhtufis tsf fW
bfhlhf.
cz jhtuf
eh czfhf be, f,
nftuF, nrhs, nfhJik, fU,
bjid kW fhff vd
gytif jhtufis
be ta gLnwh.

fUnjhl L fhfnjhl

fgbfhiy bjdnjh

86 ca
 jhtuf cyf
e bgnwhUl fhffilF brYbghGJ vbdd fhff
thFnwh? mj fhff jhtu iyahfnth, jlhfnth,
fhahfnth Ufyh.
bra 1
rikaYF gagLJ cz bghUf jhtuf vj gF
vgij goalnghnwh.
czbghU njitgL bghUf gagL
jhtu gF
Jtu gU, KUiffh, sfh, ij, fh,
rhgh
fntiy, kr iy, jL

sF ur

fjfh
bgha
fhff kLkyhk kUJt jhtuf :
czF gagLjgL
czF kLyhk neh
jhaf, gU tiff,
F kUJfshf jhtuf
gHf, vbz tiff,
eWkz bghUf vd gagLwd.
midJ jhtufUnj k LKiw eh uhk
ilwd. czbghUf UF j gho oF tjh.
bjhlghd jhtuf ekF mF j jhjhl nrJ
gytiffY gagLwd. thfh Fjh. kWeh
tw, CWfh, bgho jahj, mtDF r bjhiy MujJ.
gHT jahj nghw bjhf jhjh jid kUJtl
midJ jhtufis ena
miHJ bry nghwh vW
csd.
idjh. Mdh, gho bjhlJ
nkY mJ bfhnth _W ehfSF _if frha
xiw Fof bfhLjh. r
jeho UZz
Uj l bjahk nghlJ.
khtl MLF 50,000
kF xnu Mra !
Kj 75,000 l khgHT (mango
pulp) btehLfSF VWk
bragLwJ. j bjh
trhfSF ey tUkhdij
bfhLwJ. nkY it eho
tUkhdij bgUFwd.

ma 87
 myF - 1

(( k F gho vd jfhy jhtufUJ

_ i f b f h L U g h ? bgwgL kUJfSF ey
cf gholnkh o tunt csJ. cybfF
cs bgatflnkh nfL jhtuf kUJt gaf
bjJ vG thUf. FJ Mf nkbfhs
(( tWt, jiyt, fhr gLwd.
nghw nehfSF o e eho f gHfhyUnj
br va kUJt jhtufis gagL gytif
Kiwfis bgatfl
nehfis FzgL tUwd.
nfL vG tu.
_iff fhLfY kiyfY
gy nehfSF eh cbfhS
aifahfnt tswd. ekJ
kUJf midJ jhtufisna
CYs FignkL, rhiynahu
mogilahf bfhLsd.
jfY Tl jhdhfnt tsU
kUJt Fzf iwj _iffis fhzyh.
jhtufis eh _iff vW
brhnwh.
e Kndhf `cznt kUJ vwhf.
cQ cz kUJt Fzf
jhtufis njitahd ms nrJ
bfhlhny nghJ, nehf eyKl thHyh.
y _iff gafis mJ bfhnth
_iff gaf
r bjhiy, nfhiH
Jtis mfW, khr F.
cl gy jU.

kr fhkhiy nehia
F. Hhbe

U eh,
nt
F jU.
tW fis F.

88 ca
 jhtuf cyf

th iz
FzgLJ, F
be
jU.

r, nfhiH mfW,
Js fhr F.

ait bgUF,
nfhiH mfW, fut
fhr F

tW bjhlghd
tr nehfis F.

U eh,
mHFgLj. kr

gia L,
uil brkhdikia
F.

brkhd
nfhshWfis F.

sF bjhil fufuig
F

ma 89
 myF - 1

rfkhztfnshL fyJiuaho, cf RWw

fhzgLw kUJt Fzf jhtufis nrfJ
mt bga, kUjhf gagL jhtu gFf
kW mit FzgLJ nehf Mait ga
_if ffhF tFgiw VghL brf.

j h t u f i s c z , eWkzK, tzK ilwd.

kUJtfhf kLkyhk, eWkz bghUf cz
myfhu bghUfshf, cbfhS msid, cz
fLkhd bghUfshf ntW brj jij mfwd.
gaghLfSfhf eh jhtuf iy, jL,
tsnwh. Kja gy gFf eWkz
fS - thrid bghUfS bghUfshf gagLwd.
nuh#h, m, kif vW
bra 2
mHFf fSF Mir
glhjtf Uf Kokh? Fa
fhQ nfhol
nrh, KfJF R gl, lfis bgnwhl myJ
thrid ua nghw mHF o cs bgatfl
rhjd bghUf jah fyJiuaho uf.
kyfSF Ka lKL. RF fh jahf njitahd
bghUf vbdd?
_____________________________
jahF Kiw
_____________________________
_____________________________
gaf
_____________________________
_____________________________

y eWkz bghUf
kUjhf gagLwd. RF,
eWkz bghUf
dh, btja nghwit kUJt
MAh! vd kz! vW gy Fz iwjit. rhjhuz r,
neuf eh rikF bghGJ fhr, tW t nghwtF
TWtJ cL. rikF bghGJ it kUjhf gagLwd.
eWkz r fhuz vd? kr, uh nghwit
rika nghJ nrfgL eWkz EQ vbghUshf,
bghUfns jF fhuzkhF. U ehahf bragLwd.
jhtuf gygFf
UJ bgwgL bghUf eWkz ah eWkz
bghUfshf gagLwd. bghUf njhl
cz bghUfSl eWkz vW miHfgLtJ
bghUfis nrgjh czF nfush.

90 ca
 jhtuf cyf

eWkz bghUfshf gagL jhtuf ghff

ij

btja nrh fLF

jiujL

RF / kr

fh gH kugil iy bkhL

Vyfh sF gil dh uh

jiujL
, kr nghw jhtuf jL gF jiuF csJ. J
czit nrF ntiyia brwJ.

ma 91
 myF - 1
ehjhtuf iy ehf
Mil, rz fW, rhFig fwhiH, mdh nghw
Matiw jhtufns jhtuf iyfUJ ehf
tHFwd. vLfgLwd. it iy ehf
ekJ gU Mil gU bro vdgL.
jj gR. fW njfh ehUJ
bgwgLwJ. rhFig jahf
gagL eh rz (Jute) vw
jhtuUJ bgwgLwJ.
ij ju, jiyaiz, bkij,
gh, f nghwtY eh
jhtuf gagLwd.
nkY J bea, tiy d,
ifid bghUf jahf
ehf gagLwd. jhtu
vgFUJ ehf ilwd
vgj mogil ehf
tifgLjgLwd.
eh vgJ jhtufUJ
bgwgL l bka cWahd
nrhWfwhiH mdh
iHahF.
jL ehf nkw ehf
thiH eh, rz eh nghwit ij nkw UJ
jhtu jL gF UJ bgwgL ehf nkw ehf
bgwgLwd. vdgL. vLJfhL: gU,
njfh, yt gR.
bra 3
ehfsh bragl gJ
bghUf bgafis vG
tUf.
fLkhd ntiy jhtuf
L fl, e oYs fj,
rd, nkir, ehfh nghw ku
rhkhf jahf kufilf
rz gagLwd.
bjJ bfhnth :
rz jhtu iwa cy ehUfhf kL ntW y gaghLfSfhf
tsfgLwJ. jhtu 85% brYnyh csjh, J c be
(Bio- plastic) jah gagLjgLwJ. c be k kF
jikilaJ.

92 ca
 jhtuf cyf

bra 4
cf o cs kubghUf bgafis vG, mit vbjj
kujh braglit ? vgij vG tu.
t.v bghU bga ku bga
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

njF gyh fl
fLkhd, kurhkhf fLkhd kW gHf ijy, fhj

gntW tifahd fLkhd l mf cWahdJ. irf,

gfSF gagLjgL jhtu fiuahf kW JisL
gF kufil vdgL. f tfilia bgUghY
jhtujo fUwkhd ikagF ijgiy. tfil ,
tfil vdgL. bu, uggh kW vbz
jhtujo bkikahd Kjad fhzgLtjh, tfil
btgF bkfil vdgL. fodjikia, irfis
bkfil jhtu id vF jikia bgWsJ.
flj cjwJ. tfil nkY tfil bghJthf mf
jhtufSF tikia, bkUnfW jikilaJ. vdnt,
fodjikia, cWia fLkhd gfSF J mf
mwJ. tfil bk filia ms gagLjgLwJ.

ma 93
 myF - 1

kh yt bjid
fLkhd kW gHf bgo, F, W bghikf, Tiu ntj, fLkhd,
gR bkij, jiyaiz s, njfh

aif jj gR - jhtuf
irfS, fiuahfS bro, bfho, ku it midJnk
bkfilia mf ms ekJ thifF aikahjit.
ijwd. ekJ mogil njitfshd
ekJ Ciu R gntW kuf cz, cil, Ul Matiw
tswd. mt gaghLfis mg jhtuf Ka gF
mJ bfhtJ thifF twd. kiH bga fhLf
bgJ gagL. njit. kuf fhiw
ikgLJwd.

nyh fUnty rjd ku

isahL bghUf, khL to rjd, fiy bghUf,
bf kil ghff kubghUf

94 ca
 jhtuf cyf

kg ig
bl, Ah kilf u gLiff,glFf

vdnt, kufis mgJ vts bga F vgJ wjh?

gognjhL Llhk, o fhf njhl mikgJ, g
kufWf eLtJ nghw gaghL braghLf eik <LgL
bfhnth!
cf C mf fhzgL bro bfho kuf
bgafis mt gaf ga jftfis nrfJ W
FG fyJiuaho vGJf.

jhtuf bga gaf

ma 95
 myF - 1
bjhlJ brnth
1. cf o ku tsf lyhlhYTl
Kabrjh xU a njhl mikfyh. xU giHa th
kiz u iu, bfhjk, jfh kW ekF njitgL
y kUJt jhtuf ijfis ijJ tsfyh. kh
xU Lnjhl mikJ, mj mDgtij g tF
fyJiuahLf!
2. #gh, uZah, gh nghw ehLf Lkho wj
bt fhf njhl mikwhf. mJnghy, cf L,
gTl, eg L nghw lf kho wjbtia
njbjLJ r, lyfh, jfh, ghffh vd gL gy
bgwyh.
jft Jf
1. bjMfh ehoYs nghgh (Baobab Tree) vD
ku 47 l Rwss jLgF 1,20,000 l
jiu nrfJ itJ bfhS w cilaJ.
2. gHkufnyna l fhy isr jUtJ MuR ku.
J 400 MLfSF MuR gHfis jUwJ.
3. fbga F jhtu uh~nyah. j l
xU l.
4. brku vdgL bu kuf 115 l cau tiu tsU.
5. xU jrgH Ujh, mUJ 6,00,000
jrbrofis gbrJ, 180l vils
jrfis bgwyh.

uh~nyah brku

nghgh ku

96 ca
 jhtuf cyf
kL
1. nfhol lfis uf :

gH iy
iy

nt

ij
cz
bghUf

fh jL

ma 97
 myF - 1

2. nH cs brhf vGJf l khsd. mtiw

KiwgL jhtu bgaiu fLof.

( v.fh ) rk - kr

1. bt fh il - ____________________

2. be - ____________________

3. rh k - ____________________

4. u R H g M - ____________________

5. N fh a - ____________________

3. tU flf ekF gajuToa y jhtuf bgaf

xUwd. mt FiwjJ gJ jhtufis
fLoJ, mt gafis vGJf.

4. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

1. kUJt Fzf jhtufis eh vthW miHnwh?
m) gUf M) eWkz brof ) _iff <) gilf
2. vj jhtu ij gF czthf gagLwJ?
m) Jtiu M) uil ) thiH <) kr

98 ca
 jhtuf cyf
3. cz bjhlghd bjhiy njbjLf.
m) fW j M) njhl bjh
) gU tsj <) CWfh jahj
4. kr fhkhiy nehF kUjhF _if jhtu
m) be M) nt ) uil <) Hhbe
5. fhj jahf gagL ku
m) njF M) fl ) bjid <) rjd
5.bghUJf

kuf gaf
fl khL toF ca bghUf
yt u gLiff
bjid bl kW Ahkilf
kg Tiu ntj, fLkhd
ig bgo
fUnty ijy, fhj

6. fhQ thaf rah? jtwh? U vGJf.

1. Jtis kr fhkhiy nehF kUjhf gagLwJ.
2. jhtu ntgF MF.
3. uil xU _if jhtu.
4. uh jhtu ijgF MF.
5. yt ku bgo bra gagLwJ.
7. nfhol lij uf
1. Hhbe _____________ nehia F. ( kr fhkhiy / uj
nrhif)
2. sF_____________ ia F. ( tW t / bjhil fufu)
3. mHF rhjd bghUf jah _____________ gagLwJ.
( kyf / brof)
4. _____________ nghw eWkz bghUf U ehahf,
EQ v bghUshf gagLwJ. ( kr / nt)
5. ah eWkz njhl _____________ MF. ( nfush /jehL)
6. rz eh jhtu _____________gFUJ ilwJ.
( jL / iy)

ma 99
 myF - 1
7. jhtujo bkikahd btgF _____________ vdgL.
( bk fil / tfil)
8. fLkhd gfSF _____________ gagLwJ.
(tfil / bk fil)
9. gU, njfh nghwt _____________ ehf fhzgLwd.
( nkw eh / iy eh)
10. thiz FzgLj _____________ ia czyh.
( be / Js)
8. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf.
1. thrid uaf kW Fa nrhfUJ kz tufhuz
vd?
2. fW, rhF ig nghwit bra gagL jhtu g, jhtu gF
g vGJf.
3. _iff vbfyh tswd?
4. rika vbz jU jhtufis FLf.
5. eWkz bghUfis cz nrgjh VgL eikfis TWf.
6. tfil, bkfil ntWgLJf.
9. J il vGJf.
1. e eho kUJt Fzf jhtuf
vitnaD Iid g X maehL
RWyh gaF sf ntL.
f vthW sFf?
2. kufis btLtJ TlhJ. Mdh, eh gntW
gaghLfhf ehnjhW kufis btLnwh. j KughL
FJ fyJiuaho fhf.
3. kurhkhf bra tfil kLnk gagLj ntL. J rah?
ilfhd fhuzij TWf.

10. bjhl braghL :

jrh - be; kJiu kif; Fgnfhz - btiy vW
w thj gy lfis, mF cgahF bghUfis
nfgoUf. J nghW w lf is
bghUfis fUJ fLoJ, vG tUf.

nkY ma
izajs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/food
http://www.moomilk.com/tour.htm

100 ca
 cz Kiwf 2
ghgh(Popeye)vD nf Ugjhnyna mt Mnuhakhf
u fjhehafid e Uwh vW fUJt mj
gyU mJnsh myth? iy.
mfij fl khYahf tU
, wK bfhl Fj
ghgh bkjtdhf gy
lh (Bubblegum or chewing gum)
Fiwjtdhf Ugh. Mdh, RitF gHf gfSF cl
v %l(Brutus) f eyF eyjy.
gyrhahf Flhf Ugh.
ghgh, %ll kho bfhL
L (Noodles), rhiynahu
ewhf cij thFth.
F < bkhj vbz
glf, bjhrhiyf
jahfgL, ntbghU kW
braifahd Rit nrfgl
Maj Jj cz tiff, Ma
midJ cl eyF F
isgit. tiw jgnj
eyJ.
ekF eikjU cz vJ?
eikjuhj cz vJ? vgij
mJbfhnth.
eh jh ghgh.
jf, o..
fh^, onahnf,
sugf, kh
vid ghfyh

fil, xU zUj
griyiuia ghgh rhLth.
mJ cns nghdJ ghghF mf
ria bfhLF. mtsjh; clYF
v %l(Brutus) xjh. iu
rhLtJ vts eyJ vgij Clij jU
j nfu sFwJ. bghUfis
cikjh; eh rhL cz cz vnwh.
ClrJfjhf UfntL.
Mdh, xUt Flhf

ma 101
 myF - 2

bra 1
f cQ cz bghUf bgafis nH
bfhLfgoUF nfhol l goaLf.

fhiy _______________________________________________

egf _____________________________________________

u ________________________________________________

cz Mjhuf
jhtu kW yFfUJ ilF czf :
jhtuf nt, jL, iy, ky, fh, f, ij ekF czthwd.
yFfUJ gh, Kil, khr nghw gyjkhd cz bghUf
ilwd.

bra 2
jhtufUJ bgwgL cz bghUf, yFfUJ
bgwgL cz bghUf Matiw fhQ mltiz
goal.
jhtufUJ bgwgL yFfUJ bgwgL
czf czf
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________

Cl rJf (Nutrients) nkgl Cl rJf UFkh?

czYs, clYF njit ClrJfns yhj cz
ahd rJfis ClrJf bghU VjhtJ cfSF
vd TWnwh. Fl X bjkh? ClrJf ekF V
cz bghUnyna xWF njitgLwd?

102 ca
 cz Kiwf
Cl rJf tiff
fhnghiAnuLf - Mw mwd
(Carbohydrates)
ujf (Proteins) - ts mwd
bfhGf (Fats) - Mw mwd
itlf (Vitamins) - cla brafis xGFgLJwd
jhJ cf (Minerals) - claf brafis xGFgLJwd
(Water) - czit flJwJ; cl btgij
xGFgLJwJ
bra 3
btsfh xiw vLJbfhnth; WW JLfshf
eWFnth. eWF nghJ fwnj! V?

fhff, gHf kW cz bghUf ms btntW

j csJ.
cz bga ms
jr 99 %
btsfh 95%
fhsh 92 %
gh 87 %
cUisHF 75 %
Kil 73 %
xU buho JL 25%

mJ bfhnth:
((  hff, gHfis eWa fGdh, mtYs itl
f
rJ HfgLwJ.
((  gUghyhd fhff, gHf njhjh mf ms
b
itlfS, jhJ cfS fhzgLwd.
((  haf, gaW tiffis gyKiw fGtjh
j mYs
itlfis jhJ cfis HJ Lnwh.

ClrJ FiwghL nehf:

eh cQ cz ClrJ Fiwtjh VgL neh, FiwghL
neh vdgL.

ma 103
 myF - 2

ClrJ FiwghL nehfS, mFfS :

ClrJ : uj

cz bghUf :
, iw, Kil (btis fU),
gh, glh, jhaf
FiwghL neh ( 1 ) :
Fthnahf(Kwashiorkar)
( 1 - 5 taJ FHijf )
mFf :
ts jilgLj, ca tW. if
kW fhf f.
Fthnahf

ClrJ : uj

cz bghUf :
, iw, Kil (btis fU),
gh, glh, jhaf

FiwghL neh ( 2 ) :
kuhk (Marasmus)

mFf :
F nghw if, fhf. bkj
njhw, bga jiy, vil Fiw,
cl kW _is ts Fiwj.
kuhk

itlf
FiwghL
ClrJ cz bghUf mFf
neh
vbz, Kil,
gh, be, btbz, ghit FiwghL,
itl
nfu, kfhnrhs, khiyf neh ka btr
A
kr w gHf, ghf Koahik.
iuf
KG jhaf, gU
lglhj m, gh,
itl Mnuhakw eu,
, iw, glh, bg - bg
B jir nrh
gaW tiff, gir
fhff

104 ca
 cz Kiwf

ClrJ cz bghUf FiwghL neh mFf

MuR, vYir,
itl g <Wf uj
befh, f
C toj.
girsfh, jfh.

vbz,
gh, Kil kW
itl tikaw, tisj
Na x f
D vY
cjl njh
jahfgLwJ.

jhtu vbz,
FHijik,
itl gir fhff,
kyL jik neh v jik
E KG nfhJik, khgH,
Fiwj.
M, iu

gir fhff, a fha VgL nghJ

itl uj
jfh, Kilnfh, mf ujnghF
K ciwahik
Kil, gh bghUf VgLj

jhJ cf

gh, , gir gaW, vY kW vY, gf tik

fha
nfhJik, g ij Fiwj

kaf tUj, cl
iw, M, iu,
U uj nrhif nrh
ngr gH.

gh, mnaho fyj KfGJ

mnaho fGJ gF f.
c, wh, eL fHiy

f K fGJ fHiy

ClrJ Fj czit cgjh

FiwghL nehfis jfyh

ma 105
 myF - 2

rj cz (Balanced Diet)
midJ Cl rJfS rahd j fyJs cznt rj
czthF. mgoa tUkhW.
t. cz bjhF ClrJf
v.
1. jha tiff mf fhnghiAnu, js
m, nfhJik, nftuF, f, uj, bfhG, itl B,
nrhs, kfhnrhs, gh,
~ngh my, UrJ,
id.
ehrJ.
2. gU tiff mf uj, js bfhG,
JtugU, cSJ, ghgaW, itl B, ~ngh my,
bfhSgaW, fliygU, UrJ, ehrJ.
nrhah , bkhir.
3. gh, khr bghUf
gh, be, j, ghyhil fo, uj, bfhG, itl B,
bfhG fgl gh. fha.
nfh iw, <u, , uj, bfhG, itl B.
Kil, Moiw.
4. gHf, fhff
khgH, bfhah, jfh,
ggh, MuR, jr, fnuhodhL itl A,
rhJFo, uhir. itl C, UrJ,
fha.
befh, iuf,
KUif iu, bfhjk fnuhodhL itl A,
jiH, Ks iy, itl B, ~ngh
btfhajh. my, fha, UrJ,
ehrJ.
nfu, fjfh,
btilfh, Fil
sfh, mtiufh, fnuhodhL, ~ngh
btfha, KUiffh, my, fha, UrJ,
fh~st. ehrJ.
5. be, vbz tiff.
btbz, be, tdg,
rika vbzfshd fliy bfhG, mtakhd bfhG
vbz, njfh vbz, myf.
ebybz.
6. rfiu, bty fhnghiAnu, UrJ.

106 ca
 cz Kiwf

bjJ bfhnth
btis rfiuial (), bty (Jaggery) clYF
gyklF eik jUwJ.

eh bfhLfgLs mltiz xbthU cz bjhFUJ

xU cz bghUis xUntis czF rhlh vdF rj
cz ilF.
bra 4
khztf xbthUtU jjahf jhaf, gaW tiff,
gHf, fhff, HFf, cy ijf nghwt bgaf
VnjD xid vGbfhs ntL. , WW FGfshf
mikl ntL. fyJiuaho
ffcz bghUfYs rJ bghUf,
ffxbthU FGdU if itJs cz bghUf rj
czit bfhLsjh?
ffxnu msthd, xnu jkhd cz vyh tadUF Vwjh?
ffFiwj bry rj czit bgwKokh?
Matiw mJbfhs ntL.

cz cbfhS Kiwna czl

czl
czl vgJ czit Na x, fay th,
, gira Matiw
cbfhSj, brj, gagL jhtuf
cuj, jkakhFj vd lh (rfiu) jahgJ
gy iyfis cilaJ. cdf xnrif
k kW k iy cs
cz bghUfis btntW
Kiwf cbfhwd.
czl tiff:
1. jrh Cl Kiw
Na x
jdF njitahd czit
jhnd jahJ bfhSj, jrh
Cl Kiw MF. M#
(v.fh) gRjhtuf, dh.
it xnrif _ykhf fay th
czitjhnk jahwd.
2. w rh Cl Kiw
jhnd czit jahf
ayhjjh, czfhf w
cdfis rhJ thj w
rh Cl Kiw MF.
ma 107
 myF - 2

w rh Cl Kiw tiff rhW czl :

xL czl : wJnghd jhtu, yF
w cdfis gh bghUfis kf brJ. va
Fsh mtUJ jkF _yTWfshf kh, mtiw cl
njitahd czit bgWtJ Rt tahf cRtJ rhW
xL czl MF. czl MF. v.fh. fhsh
flh(Cuscuta) jhtu gira mw jhtufS
czfhf w jhtufis yFfS vthW czit
rhJ thwJ. J xL bgWwd vd bjkh?
ClKiwF X vLJfhL. Mal fyJiuahLf.
3. w tif czl:
begj, onuhuh, Fnyah
nghw jhtuf gRikahdjhf,
jrh ClKiwia bfhljhf
Uwd. mit ieu#
rJFiwj k tstjh

flh

ma bga: :
flh ~bsah
Cf tHfgL bga:
mikah Tj/rljh/
jfbfho onuhuh
fis oJ cbfhL,
xL tiff : mtUJ ieu#id
w xLf : ng, mil bgWwd. vdnt, mit
nghwit w cdf cQ jhtuf vdgLwd.
cl btgu xo czl Kiw mogil
bfhL, mtUJ czit yFf:
cRwd. vdnt, it  htufis kL cgJ jhtu
j
w xLfMF. c (Herbivore). v.fh. ML, khL
mf xLf: cUisG yFfis kL cgJ khr
kj kW yFf Fl c (Carnivore) v.fh.
gF thJ mUnj jhtuffis yFfis
czit bgWwJ. vdnt J cgJ midJ c
X mf xL MF. (Omnivore) v.fh. fhf

108 ca
 cz Kiwf

bra 5
cfSF bjj y yFf bgafis mt czlgo
vGJf.

jhtu c khr c midJ

kh f fugh

bra 6 janeh tuhk jLf vd t?

 ja neh tuhk jLgij g fhQ fUJf fyJiuahl
brnwh.
(( kahf Uf ntL.
(( cauF Vw cl vilia guhkj ntL.
(( Kiwahd clg, isaho <Lgl ntL.
(( vbz bghj cz bghUfis mf rhlTlhJ.
(( ifiy bghUfis jf ntL.
(( fhff kW gH tiffis mf ms cz ntL.

ey cz vJ ?
bfhG mla vbz
eh mf ehf cl eynjhL tWj, bghj cz bghUfis
thH, cl cWf ey iy cbfhStij jf ntL.
guhkfgl ntL. mJ, eh khwhf uj kW ehrJf
cQ czit njbjLF fliy, glhtiff, nfh kW
Kiw csJ. iutif czfis e mwhl
Uja, Wuf kW cz nrJ bfhs ntL.
Eiupu nghwtiw id tWfhJ, ntfitJ
ghJfhgJ f njit. mjF cQj, mfh my ua
Xoaho isahlntL; ey fjfh nghwtiw cQj
clg njit. mnjhL, Uja neh tuhk jLF.
ma 109
 myF - 2
eh cQ cz m, nfhJik, f, nrhs, nftuF nghw
khrJ bghUfSF izahf fhffis nrJ bfhs
ntL. mjDl, VjhtJ xU gHK rhlntL.
bjhl bra
f mwhl cQ cz cfSF Ugkhd, Ug
yhj czbghUf csdth? vgij cs goa
Ff.
eh U cQ cz :

cz bga ClrJ ga

eh cz Ughj cz :

cz bga ClrJ is

mltiz cstiw W FGf fyJiuaho tHFf.

f y behof...
Ukz Hhf kW UJf f fyJ bfhS bghGJ,
gtif czf gkhwgLtij ghUf.
(( gkhwgL midJ tif czfis midtU KGikahf
rhLwhfsh?
(( cz bghUis zogJ rah?
(( cz zogjfhd fhuz vd?
(( c
 z zofgLtij jf f TW tKiwf
vbdd?

110 ca
 cz Kiwf

bra 7
flj ehF ehf xbthU ehS eh cl czid
goaLnt. jdh cz cs Clr tiffis bjJ
bfhnw.
rj cz mltiz ( Balanced Food Chart) bfhL, mYs
cz bghUfis v cz goaYl xLnw.
eh rj cz g mJ bfhL, v cz gHf
khwfis bfhL tUnt.
vLJfhlhf,
1. fhlgl ghdfis (Aerated Drinks) jng.
2. fhffis gHfis mfkhf cng.
3. jha tiffis cng.

bra 8
cl gUk FpL
vf Ma l msnfhyh tFgiw Rt msLf
FJ itJsh. ehf msLf mU xbthUtuhf W
cauid msJ l FJ bfhnwh. xbthUtU
mtutuJ cl vilia nyh uh g brnwh.
 vdJ cl vilF(nyhuh), vdJ cl cauF ( 2)cs
bjhlig cl gUk Fplhf FLnw.
cl gUk FpL (Body Mass Index BMI) = vil(.) / cau ( 2)
xbthUtU mtutuJ BMI ia fLoJ g brnwh.
ij cl gUk FpL mltiz xL brnwh.

cl gUk FpL mltiz

BMI F
20 F cl bkJ Uj
20 Kj 24.9 tiu rahd vil
25 Kj 29.9 tiu mf vil
30 F nk cl gUkdhf Uj

Ma jiyik fyJ ciuaho ehf xbthUtU rahd
vil tsu ca miufis bgW bfhnlh.

`nehaw thnt Fiwtw brt'

ma 111
 myF - 2
kL
I. nfhol lij uf.

1. uj Fiwghlh tU neh ____________( kuhk / khiyf )

2. itl C Fiwghlh tU neh ____________( f / f )

3. midJ ____________( fhf / ML )

4. gh mf fhzgLtJ ____________( fha / U )

5. claf brafis xGFgLJtJ _______ ( ujf / jhJ cf )

6. vYfis tYgLj gagLtJ ____________ ( fha / U )

7. rhW czl bfhlJ ____________( dh / fhsh )

8. uj nrhif ________rJ Fiwghodh VgLwJ. ( U / uj )

9. ____________ Na x cjl njh jahfgLwJ.

(itl B / itl D)

10. f xU ____________ FiwghL neh. (itl A / itl D )

II. uf.

czl

w rh czl

xL czl

mf xLf

112 ca
 cz Kiwf
III. J il vGJf.
1. fhQ glij cWnehf.

knfZ..... F ghd FoRnl

o. ghwJdhy jh g iy..... iy..... eh tuiy
nghy Flhnl ! RnuZ ; vdF isahLtnj
th...... j khgHij ofhJ. Xo isahodh
Dnl isahlyh. vdF fhr tU.

m. j Ut ah brtJ r? V?
M. fhQ braf eh vtiw brjh l ehf cl
eynjhL thHyh?
ff aifahd fhf, gHf nghwtiw cz nrJ bfhSj.
ff dK fhiy j.
ff u l neu bjhiyfh ghj.
ff Jj cz (Fast Food) tiffis Fahf rhLj.
ff bf, r, fhgJ nghw gy isahLf <LgLj.
2. khyh g <W uj fa bjhlaJ. gaJnghd
khyh mkh kUJtl miHJ brwh. kUJt mj nehfhd
fhuzkhf vij T Ugh? khyhF kUJt gJiuj czf
vdthf UF?
ma 113
 myF - 2

3. gHf kW fhffis eWa fGt ntLkh? eWFtjF

K fGt ntLkh? cf ilfhd fhuz TWf.
4. nkir J y cz tiff itfgoUwd. mij ghj M
midJ ClrJfS iwj Mnuhakhd cz tiffis
njbjLJ rhl idwh. fS mtSF cj brf.

gh

114 ca
 cz Kiwf

IV. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf

1. ClrJ vwh vd ?

2. ClrJf tiff kW gfis FLf.

3. xU y jhtuf V fis czthf cbfhwd?

4. khiyf neh tuhk jLf vj czf czyh?

5. rj cz vwh vd?

bjJ bfhnth
(( braif tzf nrfgl nfr, gR lh nghw
tiff cgij eh jj ntL. Vbd, braif
tzf fyJs ntbghUf e clYF F
isF.

((  zit eF bkW, RitJ rhl ntL. bjhiyfh

c
ghJbfhnlh, ngbfhnlh rhLtjh cQ ms
bjahk mfkhf cbfhL cl gUk cl nehf
clhF.

((  hff, iu tiffis girahfnth, miu ntfhonyh

f
rikJ cgjh mYs rJf zhtij jfyh.

((  ikJ jkhd czit Fgjd bgo itJ kWeh

r
cgJ, gntW cl ey nfhshWfSF ttFF,

((  of milfgl Fghdf, ghbfLf milfgl

Kjyhd glf, filf F vbz
bghj czglf nghwtiw cgJ e cl eyF
ikia isF.

nkY ma
izajs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/food
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency_diseases
http://www.moomilk.com/tour.htm
http://www.diethealthclub.com

ma 115
 eik R fG khwf 3

fgdh rhyh
fgdh rhyh bt tJnl. ugfY m
gwj Kj a trht ntfkhf khwkiltij m
bgkahth. t 1997M nahL ftnj.
ML mbkfh bfhyah y vid L y tsJ,
fy btFnjJ wF kiwJ L KG
brwh. btF brW yth f ntfkhf kh
Ua brjh xWF tis kiwJ Ltij
ngo mjh. m, flnghJ m, xnu
Ug : bt gwjnghJ rka VglJ. midJnk
vgo UjJ? cl vbdd fntfkhf elJ lJ.
khwfis czf? nkfl mtuJ brhfis
fgdh rhyh: Kj cl cWf goFnghJ aghf UwJ
vyhnk vil HJnghtJngh myth? thGnghJ ekF
njhaJ. mgo VglnghJ aghf f bkJthf njha xU
vdh vj cl gFia khw fy ia eh R
czunt Koaiy. fy tUnghJ, ntfkhf njhWtij
mntf RWtjh xUj cznwh. eik R vbdd
ganjhL Mt nkl njh khwfis fhz KowJ?
ah vgjF mij flJ gUtfhy khwf,
bfhoUnj. fif rkbt RHah u gf VgLj, gh
vLghf kdij bfhis juhj, fhfahj, cz
bfhlgo Wnfhlhf khaJ. rikj, U JUoj vd gy
Mfh xU ghiytd nghy, khwfis fhz KowJ.
m ie e xU bka iH eh ghlgF gntW
nghy bjjJ. xwiu k khwf tiffis g mJ
neu KG iank R bfhsyh.

116 nta
 eik R fG khwf
bfhLfgLs glfis eF cWnehf. xbthU glY
VgLs khWjfis FG fyJiuaho Ffis gagL
iw bra.

1. FHij __________ kW __________ TosJ.

2. gf kw u neuf __________ khWgL.
3. khfh fahf khWnghJ mj __________ kW __________
khw milJsJ.
(F: btgiy, vil, Rit, cau, w)
vdnt khwf vdgLtJ bghUf tz, btgiy, l,
tot, gUk Mat VgL khWjf MF.
bkJthd, ntfkhd khwf
bra 1
fhQ mltiz bfhLfgLs khwf fH
vLJbfhS fhymsit W FG fyJiuaho uf.
fhy ms (y kneu /
khwf ehf / thuf / khjf /
MLf )
FHij tsj
U JUoj
ij KisJ kukhj
cz rikj
gh juhj

UJ eh mJ bfhlJ, midJ khwfS xnu fhy ms

________________________ ( fwJ / ftiy )
vdnt, y kneu, ehf, khjf myJ MLf vd l neu
fG khwnk bkJthd khw.

ma 117
 myF - 3
fhj vj, glhR btoj, rah sF xj nghw
ff iuthf fwd myth? thW,
y behof myJ y lf fG khwnk ntfkhd khw.
ntfkhd khw

bkJthd khw
bra 2
cfSF bjj ntfkhd, bkJthd khwfis vGJf.

ntfkhd khw : __________ __________ __________

bkJthd khw : __________ __________ __________

cfSF bjkh?
Rkh 30 nfho MLfSF K
ijl kuf ggy khwfSF
cgL yfahf khWwJ.

khw, sh khw
bra 3
xU a fhjij vLJ gl
csJngh a uhbf brJ, isaho
Koj, mjid J l. bghGJ
KGfhj ilwjh?
UJ vd mf?
______________________________

118 nta
 eik R fG khwf

bra 4
xU gid vLJbfhSf. m fhiw CJf. g
tilwJ. g cs fhiw Lf. bghGJ g
L giHa iyia milwjh?
vd mf? _____________________________________
nkny gagLa gid L C, mjid
xU fl. F^dh Fj.
bghGJ gid L bgw Kowjh?
(CjKowjh?)

vd mf? _____________________
________________________________________

rikj fhffis L girfhffshf bgwKokh?

njhiria L khthf khw Kokh? nrhW L m MFkh?
nkfl khwfsh ilF bghUf L j a
iyia __________ ( mil / milahJ ).
thW, y khwf fGnghJ khwkilj bghUf jf a
iyF L U. tif khwfns khwf vdgL.
y khwf fGnghJ khwkilj bghUf jf a iyF
L Ug ayhJ. tif khwf sh khwf vdgL.

bjJ bfhnth
jf, bt, U nghw cnyhffshyhd
mfyf kW fUf brtij ghUf
myth? Kj cnyhffis btggL, cUa
, njitahd totF mtiw khWwd.
mit Fj L fodkhwd. J xU
khwnk.

eh rhiy gahsf gagLJ fW

wbghUis (jh) ghUnw.
jhiu btggLJbghGJ VgL khw
khwkh? sh khwkh?

ma 119
 myF - 3
khw, sh khw vd tifgLJf.

khw gh juhj sh khw

gfo cUFj gfo cUFj _______________
__________________ wF vj _______________
__________________ kh ahj _______________
__________________ Mahj _______________
__________________ Ko eiuj _______________
Ugjf khwf, Ugjfhj khwf
eikR fG midJ khwfS gajUgitah? glij
ghJ gaDs kW gadw khwfis vGJf:

cz bfLnghj bkhL kyuhj

U
JUoj fh fahj fzho cilj

kiHbghj, kyj, fhfahj nghw khwf fG bghGJ mit

ekF gaDsjhf mikwd. thW ey gafis jU khwf
Ugjf khwf MF. cz bfLnghj, vkiy btoj, U
JUoj, fzho cilj nghw khwfis eh Utiy. Vbdwh
mit ekF gadwjhf, Mgjhdjhf mikwd. thW ey
gafis juhj khwf Ugjfhj khwf MF.

120 nta
 eik R fG khwf
fhy xGF khwf, fhy xGfw khwf
cf tFgiw cs ehfhoia ghJ fhQ mltizia
uf:-
khj mkhthir (nj / eh) bgsz (nj / eh)

mkhthirF bgszF ilgl ehf vjid?

xbthU khjK mkhthir, bgsz nj fhy ilbt
fwjh?
UJ, mkhthir bgsz Fl fhy ilbt kh
kh tUtij mnjh myth. thW Fl fhy ilbt
L L fG khwf fhy xGF khwf vdgL.
nkY y fhy xGF khwf
fofhu Cr

y gntW iyf

u gf tUj

ma 121
 myF - 3
fhQ glfis cWnehf
gl cs ff vbghGJ fG vW cfsh FL
TwKokh? it Fl fhy ilbt L L fGkh?

vkiy btoj y eLf

kr gJ

nkfhQ khwf vbghGJ, vgo fG? vW ekh Tw ayhJ.

thW Fl fhy ilbt LL eilbgwhj khwf
fhy xGfw khwf vdgL.
fhy xGF, fhy xGfw khwfSF ilna cs ntWghLfis
mJbfhsyhkh?
t.v fhy xGF khwf fhy xGfw khwf
Kiwahd fhy ilbt Kiwahd fhy ilbt
1. L L fwd. L L ftiy.
tiw CJ ma aY tiw CJ ma ayhJ
2. (gUt iy) (yeLf)

btg c khwf, btg bfh khwf

fhQ braghLfis brJ ghJ cf
fLofis mltiz g brf.
bra 5
1. js ikahia (Detergent) csif vLJ bfhL
mjDl iu nrf. vgo czf?
2. js Rl Rzhig xU Kfit (Beaker) vLJbfhL
mjDl iu nrf. , Kfit btgFia bjhL
ghf. vgo czf?
122 nta
 eik R fG khwf

3. js FSnfh (Glucose) is xU Kfit

vLJbfhL, mjDl nrf. Kfit btgFia
bjhL ghf. vgo czf?
4. js id xU Kfit vLJbfhL, mjDl
mnkha FnshiuL (Ammonium chloride) cig nrf. fya
, Kfit btgFia bjhL ghf. vgo czf?
nrhjid v vdJ fLo
1.
2.
3.
4.

nkfl braghLf y khwf fGnghJ btg cHgLwJ.

tif khwf btg c khwf MF. v.fh. F vj,
ikah (Detergent) myJ ryit nrhlh fiuj.
y khwf fGnghJ btg crgLwJ. tif khwf
btg bfh khwf MF. v.fh. Fqnfh, mnkha FnshiuL
fiuj.

mJ bfhnth
aifah
ilj
braif

ekJ RWwij cWnehdhny nghJ. gy a fLofis

ekh cUthf Ko. jF 1948-M ML #h{ bku vgt
cUtha btnuh (Velcro) xU rahd cjhuz.
#h{ bku j eh Fol dK eilg brtJ
tHf. xU eh eilg KoJ U tj mt jDila
MilY, ehFo clY a ijf xoUgij
flh. mj ijfis Enzh ghj nghJ gy a bfh
nghw mikf Ujij ghjh. clnd mijngh xU bghUis
bra Kglh.
btnuh ( Velcro ) vW TwgL xU a bghUis fLojh.
btnuh a bfhf csd. mit gW jikilaitahf
Ujd. W igf, fhyf, cilf, vd gyt btnuh
gagLjgLwJ.

ma 123
 myF - 3

bra 1 bjhlJ brnth

btgiykhia gagL cf tFgiw btgiyia
msL fhQ mltizia uf. fhiy Kj khiy tiu
tFgiw VgLs btgiy khwij mJ bfhf.
btgiy
ehf
fhiy egf khiy
f
brth
j
ahH
bt

bra 2
ekJ khy
vbjj khjf nfhilfhy?
________________________________________________
vbjj khjf Ffhy?
________________________________________________
vbjj khjf kiH bghwJ?
________________________________________________
xbthU tUlK nkfl gUtf mnj khjf tUwdth?
________________________________________________
gUtiy khwfis vtif khwfshf tifgLJf?
________________________________________________

bra 3
cf g gY khztf tFF Utiu njbjLJ
mtf taJ, cau kW vilia g brf. taJ mfF bghGJ
cau kW vil VgL khwfis Ff. J vtif khw?
vd vGj.

bra 4
Nis L RLtjFK cs kghl, Rl ilj
kghl - t vUJ L fkiz bgwKo?
vtif khwf fwd? vd WFG fyJiuaho
vGJf.

124 nta
 eik R fG khwf

kL
I. dhF, nfhol lfis uf:-

v.fh_________ v.fh_________
? ?

khw
ntf
mogil
? v.fh_________
v.fh_________ jik
fhy mogil
ilbt
mogil khwf ?
? v.fh_________
btg
v.fh_________ ga mogil
mogil
? ?
v.fh_________ v.fh_________
Ugjf ?
khw

v.fh_________ v.fh_________

II. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

1) mGlgl RU f (spring) VgL khw
m) sh khw M) khw
) fhy xGfw khw <) Ugjfhj khw

2) cz bfLnghj vgJ
m) khw M) ntfkhd khw
) Ugjfhj khw <) fhy xGF khw

3) ryit nrhlh fiutJ

m) btg c khw M) shkhw
) Ugjfhj khw <) btg bfh khw

4) nH bfhLfglt vJ fhy xGfw khw?

m) ja Jo M) y eLf
) ugf njhWj <) fofhu Cr

ma 125
 myF - 3

III. fhQ ff vbdd khwf fwd vd vGJf.

(m) Rdh
(M) Cr MLj
() mkhthir , bgsz tUj
(<) bkGF cUFj

IV. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf.

1. gaDs, gadw khwf xbthY Iid vGJf.
2. yeLf vtif khw? V?
3. bkJthd khw vwh vd?
4. sh khw vwh vd? vLJfhL jUf.

5. tUtdtiw ntWgLJf:
m. btg c khw, btg bfh khw
M. fhy xGF khw, fhy xGfw khw
V. J ilaf.
1. cfSF oj bghikia cilJ Of. mij cfsh r bra
Kokh? vtif khwf fJsd?

2. g dh, h ka cz rhl Mujd. Mdh h

cz bfLnghUjjh mtsh rhl ayiy. dh jdJ
czit hl gJ rhlh. f cz bfLnghjiy
vbdd khwf tifgLjyh?
3. cf L rika miw eilbgW VnjD IJ ffis
vG mt vtif khwf fwd vgij vGJf.
v.fh. rgh jahj - bkJthd khw, Ugjfkhw, sh khw
4. f gagLJ bg, mgh( rubber) ehsil ms ajhtJ
vjdh? vtif khw fwJ?

5. fhjij koJ fg brtJ, fhjij JLfshf bto fg brtJ

tiw khwf mogil ntWgLJf.

nkY ma
izajs
www.simplescience.net
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolscienceclips/ages/10-11/rev-irrev-changes.htm
http://www.learnnext.com/class6/science/changes-around-us.htm

126 nta
 msLfS afK 4
msLf
LKiw eh, v mt
mghl fil F brwh.
Kj UtU kif filF
brwd. fhQ bghUf
ntLbkd filfhul v
mgh nflh.
m - 10 nyhuh
JtugU - 500 uh
fliy vbz - 2 l
be - 200 l
btilfh - 1 nyhuh
gir sfh - 100 uh
btfha -2 nyhuh
filfhu juhid
gagL fhffis WJ
bfhLjh.
fhffis thbfhL
gHfilF brwd. mF xU
lr thiHgH ntL vd
filfhu m, gUig filfhul nff, mt 12 gHfis
juhid gagL, vbz, v vLJ bfhLjh. mtiw
beia msL Kfitid th bfhL oF tjd.
gagL msJ bfhLjh.
xbthU bghUis thF
mLJ, UtU filF nghJ xbthU jkhf nfL
brwd. mF 5 KH thFtJ V vd vF rnjf
thbfhL JfilF tjJ. j rnjfij mghl
brwd. mF vfhf ril nflh. mjF mt mgh, "eh
Jia njbjLJ 2 l vbdd bghUfis vbjj
msJ bfhLf brhdhf. ms nfL thndh? fil
fil ntiy brgt l vbjj fUfis gagL
msnfh bfhL 2 l Jia mj bghUfis msJ
msJ bfhLjh. bfhLjd? vW vG th, c
mLjjhf, UtU fhf rnjfij bjgLJnw"
filF brwd. filfhul vW Tdh. v FbgLf
fhQ fhff ntLbkd jahuhdh. ehK vF
nfld. cjtyhkh ?

ma 127
 myF - 4

bra 1

msf gagLjgl
bghU bga ms
fU bga

bra 2
tUtdtiw vj fUfis gagL mslyh
vgij W FG fyJiuaho vGJf.
1. rilJ ______________

2. rfiu ______________
3. rika vbz ______________
4. jfh ______________
5. ma jf s ______________
6. cf oUJ gF bry MF neu ______________
7. kbzbz ______________
8. fj ghlntis fhyms ______________
nkfl braf_y ms njngh, cf jf ig
fis msf l msnfh, juhR, iwia juhir gagL
fofhu, msL Kfit nghw msfyhkh?mJ 3 nyhuh v,
msL fUf njit vgij 3 vgJ v k. J
bjJ bfhnlh. fLofglntoa ms.
nyhuh vgJ iw myF
msLf vwh vd?
MF. nyhuh vgJ bjj
eKila tFgiw cs khwhjms. mjhtJ, cf
mykh sij l ms jfig iw xU nyhuhik
nfhiy gagL mslyhkh? ngh 3 klF MF.
vjid l vd msfsh? mJ
mnj ngh, cf oUJ
2 l v F 2 vgJ
gF bry 20 lf MwJ
vk. l vgJ s
v, 20 vgJ v k. J
myfhF. l vgJ bjj khwhj
fLofgl ntoa ms.
ms. Mdh, 2 vgJ fLof
l vgJ myF. l vgJ
glntoa ms MF. F
bjj khwhj ms MF. F
mykh s liu ngh
gF bry MF neu
2 klF MF.
1 lij ngh 20 klF.

128 aa
 msLfS afK
vdnt, bjj khwhj msnthL, bjahj msit xL ghgJ msL
vdgL. bjj khwhj ms myF vdgL. F l, nyh uh, l
nghwit myFf.

l myFf njit
bra 3
cf egfSl izJ cf tFgiw cs nkir
s vjid rh vd fLoJ tU mltizia
uf.
khzt bga khzt msj rhf vif
1. ___________________ ___________________
2. ___________________ ___________________
3. ___________________ ___________________
4. ___________________ ___________________
nkfl braUJ msF msf g bjJ bfhnthkh?
bghU xnu nkirahf UjhY
mogil msf
xbthU khztU jkJ iffsh
msF bghGJ, xbthUtUF s, iw, fhy nghw
btntW msLf tUtij msfis mogil msf
fhnwh. Vbd, kj vnwh. Vbd, tiw
cl cWf s mfyf ntW vj msfis bfhL
kjDF kj ntWgL. nj bgw ayhJ. mogil msfis
ngh, fil KH nghLnghJ msf gagLjgL myFf
ekF filfhuUF ms mogil myFf vdgL.
ntWghL tUtij ghnwh. SI myFf
(System International Units)
bghGJ, mnj nkir
sij msnfhiy gagL cy btntW gFf
xbthUtU jjahf msJ kf btntW myF Kiwia s,
ghfyhkh? midtUF xnu iw, fhy Kjatiw msf
msjhnd tUwJ. UJ eh gagL tjd. mtW y.
bjJ bfhtJ vd? 1. FPS Kiw
mo, gL, dho
midtUF xnu khahd
(FPS - Foot, Pound,Second)
msil jU msit l
msL vnwh. l mso 2.CGS Kiw
gagLjgL myFf l brol, uh, dho
myFf vdgL. UJ KH, (CGS- Centimetre,Gram,Second)
rh nghwit l myFf 3.MKS Kiw
MfhJ vd bjwJ. l, nyh l, nyhuh, dho
uh, dho nghwit l (MKS - Metre, Kilogram, Second)
myFfshF. bghGJ mogil
ma 129
 myF - 4
gy myF Kiwf Ugjh
VgL FHgij f cy
cs vyh mPfshY
VWbfhs Toa, gdhL
myFKiw 1960 M ML
VgLjglJ. jid SI myF
Kiw vg. SI myF Kiw A B
mogil msfshd s, iw,
fhy myFf g bjJ sij msj
bfhnthkh? cf nehLjf xU
nfhL tiuJ bfhs. m
uL fis gl csJ
ms SI myF FpL ngh itf.
s l (m) uL fSF ilgl
(metre) bjhiyit msnfhiy gagL
iw nyhuh msfyhkh? bghGJ f
(kilogram) (kg) msjJjh s. vdnt s vgJ
fhy dho (s) uL fSF ilgl
(second) bjhiy. s SI myF l.
sij msf eh msnfh,
ms ehlh nghwtiw
gagLJnwh.

bra 4
tUdt sij msJ ca my vGJnth.
cf bg s ________________:
cf fil u s ________________:
cfmgh s ________________:
VjhtJ X iy s ________________:
cf ngdh Kid s ________________:
cf RLu ef s ________________:

bjJ bfhf.
ff cf rilia ijf njitahd J s ____________:
ff cf oF gF il cs bjhiy _____________:
ff cf oF mUYs bga efuF il cs bjhiy
___________:
bridF JblF il cs bjhiy __________ :

130 aa
 msLfS afK
nkfl braUJ eh gagLa s myFfis vLJ
vGjyhkh?

s myFf

s gklFfS Jiz gklFfS

nkfl bra xU lUJ kbwhU lF ilgl
bjhiyit nyhl nghw mfkhd smyfhY, Fiwj sfshd
bg s, ngdh Kid s nghwtiw brol kW
l nghw myFfshY msLnwh. jidna s
gklFf, Jiz gklFf vnwh.
ms SI myF gklFf Jiz gklFf
l
s l nyhl
brol

1 l = 1000 l
1 l = 100 brol
1 nyhl = 1000l

iwia msj

bra 5
f filF brUfsh? mF m, gU,
fhff nghwtiw vgo msJ bfhLwhf? vj
fUfis gagL msJ bfhLwhf? mtiw vj
myFf FLwhf? m, fhff nghwtiw thFnghJ
V brol, l nghw myFfis gagLJtiy?
egfSl fyJiuahLf.

ma 131
 myF - 4
nkfl braUJ, vyh msLfSF xnu khahd myFfis
gagLJtiy, xbthU msoF xbthU tif myF csJ
vgij bjJbfhnlh.

bra 6
xU ifo ms m, xU ifo ms kz, xU ifo ms
gR t vJ fdkhdJ ?

kzjh fdkhdJ. Vbd,

kz cs gUbghU
msitl m, gR nghwt
gUbghU ms Fiw.
vdnt, xU bghU iw
vgJ, mbghU mls
gUbghU ms. iw
SI myF nyhuh. iwia
msl rl juhR, aa
juhR, dQ juhR nghwtiw
gagLJnwh.
iw gklFfS Jiz aa juhR
gklFfS: Fiwthd mss jf,bt,
eWkzbghUfis msl uh
mf iwia cila fUfL,
kW uh nghw myFfis
gU bgh (bale of cotton)
gagLJnwh. tiwna
nghwtiw msl Flh, iw gklFf, Jiz
bk l nghw myFfis gklFf vnwh.
gagLJnwh. njngh

bra 7
tU bghUf nkw milia cWneh, m Fl
gLs iwia fLoJ vGjyhkh?
Fa nrh iw ______________
O bghly iw ______________
f bghly iw ______________

bjJ bfhf
cf o xU khjF thF m ms ______________
cf o xU ehisF gagLJ fhff ms __________

132 aa
 msLfS afK

ms SI myF gklFf Jiz gklFf

iw nyhuh Flh, uh,
bk l uh

1 uh = 1000uh
1 nyh uh = 1000uh
1 Flh = 100nyhuh
1 bk l = 1000nyhuh
fhyij msj:
e mwhl th gy brafis brnwh; gy ffS
eilbgWwd. Mdh, mit eilbgW fhy ms xWbfhW
ntWgLwJ.
bra 8
tU brafis/ffis ghUf. it eilbgw
njitgL fhy msnfg mtiw W FG fyJiuaho
mltiz vLJ vGjyhkh?
1. f Ff vLJ bfhS neu.
2. f F neu
3. cf g ntiy neu
4. fL neu
5. gH gGf njitahd neu
6. ku tsu njitahd fhy
7. gh, juhf njitgL neu
8. xU litia bea njitgL neu
9. mkhthirF bgszF ilgl fhy
10. be ijjYFmWtilF ilgl fhy
11. Kj gUt njF, ulh gUt njF ilgl
fhy
12. bjid kuUJ njfh nH H MF neu

dho l y k y ehf/ y/ gy
elF elF neu elF khjf MLf
braf/ braf/ braf/ elF elF
ff ff ff braf/ braf/
ff ff

ma 133
 myF - 4
nkfl braf / ff mslhf. jfhy fhy
neuij msf btntW myF ij Jakhf msl dQ
fis gagLJnwh vgij fofhuf, mQ fofhufis
bjJbfhnlh. gagLJnwh.
vdnt, neu vgJ uL fhy gklFfS Jiz
ffSF ilgl fhy ms. gklFfS:
fhy (neu) SI myF dho. dhoF mfkhd fhy
fhyij msf Cr fofhu, msit msf l, k,
iffofhu, Rtfofhu, WJ eh, thu, khj, ML nghw
fofhu nghwtiw eh gagLJ gklF myFfis, dhoF
nwh. Kfhy Na Fiwthd fhy msit msf
dho, iknuhdho nghw
fofhu, kz fofhu, fofhu
JizgklF myFfis
nghwtiw gagL neuij
gagLJnwh.

ms SI myF gklFf Jiz gklFf

fhy dho l, k, dho,
eh, thu, khj, iknuh dho
ML

1 l = 60 dho
1 k = 60 l
1 eh = 24 k
1ML = 365 1/4 eh
1 dho = 1000 dho
1 dho = 1000000 iknuhdho

134 aa
 msLfS afK
kL
I. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.
1. s SI myF __________
m) brol M) l ) l <) nyhl
2. iw SI myfhd FpL __________
m) M) ) <) br
3. xU bk l vgJ __________
m)1000 nyhuh M)100 nyhuh )1 nyhuh <)10 nyhuh
4. fhy SI myF __________
m) dho M) l ) thu <) eh
5. xU k = __________dho
m) 60 M) 3600 ) 24 <) 1000

II. uf.
1. xU l = __________ brol
2. xU nyhl = __________ l
3. xU Flh = __________ nyhuh
4. xU l = __________ dho

III. fhQ msLfis mt rahd myFl bghUJf.

1. 5 %gh ehza jok - nyhl
2. tFgiw mfy - brol
3. uL CfSF ilna cs bjhiy - l
4. cf eg cau - l

IV. nfhol l rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

1. jf iwia msf __________vw myif gagLJnwh.
(uh / l )
2. m, rfiu nghwtiw_____vw myif gagL
thFnwh. (uh / nyhuh )
3. bghJthf
 fU iwia msf_________vw myif
gagLJnwh. ( l /uh )
4. khiuf (Tablets) cs ntbghUf iw__________ vw
myfh FoUg. ( uh/nyh uh)
V. fhQ myFfis a myUJ bga myF tiu tirgLJf
ML, dho, khj, iknuhdho, k, l, thu, dho.

ma 135
 myF - 4
VI. J il vGJf.
1) xU glij tiua u 90 l vLJ bfhlh. mnj glij
tiua Fkh 1 kneu vLJ bfhlh. tf mf
neu vLJ bfhlJ ah? vts neu mfkhf vLJ
bfhlh?
2) bfhLfgl tisnfho sij kW msnfhiy gagL
msJ vGjyhkh?

B
A

VII. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf.

1. msL, myF tiuaW.
2. msLf l my KaJt vd?
3. mogil msf vW vtiw miHnwh? V?
4. s, iw, fhy Mat SI myF vd? mt FpLfis vGJf.
5. tUtdt thf vd?
(i) FPS (ii) CGS (iii) MKS (iv) SI
bjhlJ brnth
1. cf tFgiw s, mfyij mo, rh, brol, l
msf msJ vGj.
2. uL ikofis gagL xU kz fofhu
jahf.
m.  f jahj kz fofhu nkYs oUJ
kz KGtJ nH wFtjF vts neu
vLJ bfhwJ vgij fofhuij gagL
fzl.
M. f jahj kz fofhu nkYs kz KGtJ
xUKiw nH wFtjF cf eho, vjid Kiw
JowJ vgij fzL vGj.

bjJ bfhnth
thG yFf fbgajhd yfy s
30 l tiu UF.
Na iw = 1.99 x 1030 nyhuh
iw = 5.98 x 1024 nyhuh
(mjhtJ iwiangh Na 3,20,000 klF mf iw
bfhlJ.)

136 aa
 msLfS afK

af
ekJ mwhl th gyj bghUfis ghnwh. mt
bgUghyhdit Vnjh xU j X lijL knwh lF
efwd. y bghUf efuhk xnu l Uwd.

bra 1
oUJ gF brY tY, g NHY ghj
bghUf efU, efuh bghUfis vGJnth.
efU bghUf efuh bghUf
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________

j bra xU bghU efjjh, efuiyah vgij neilahf

ghJ bjJ bfhOf myth ?
njngh efU bghUf midij neilahf ghgjh
kLjh bjJbfhs Kokh ?

bra 2
, fhW nghwit efwdth? efwd v mt
efit ekh vgo bjJbfhs KowJ? W FG
thJ tHLf.
nkfl brafUJ neuij
bghUJ, y bghUf l khWtij
ekh neilahf ghf KowJ. ntW
y bghUf neuij bghUJ l
khWtij ekh ghf KoahlhY
mit VgLJ isfis
itJ, ekh mt afij
bjJ bfhs Kowjyth? vdnt,
neuij bghUJ xU bghU iy
khwhk Ujh, mJ X iy csJ
vnwh.
neuF neu xU bghU jdJ iyia
kh bfhnlUjh mbghU,
af csJ vnwh. mjhtJ,
"neuij bghUJ bghU iy
khWtnj af MF".

ma 137
 myF - 4
X, af tiw vgo ntWgL mtJ?

f ngU gaz fh nfhkhf bto

brUfsh? iuthf ig gntW ijfis
brY ngUF f fLfJ Udhf.
mkJbfhL ghFbghGJ my il miljh. KyD
rhiynahu cs kuf, Lf brtK CUF Ug ngUJ
fgf Xthf UgJngh iyaij miljhf.
bjkh? myJ af
csJngh bjkh? cfSila mtf Va ngUJ iuthf
mDgtij WFG my il flJ brwnghJ
gJbfhf. cf mDgtij my iz cfhJ,
bfhL X, af tiw vgo egfis ghJ if mirjh .
ntWgL mtJ vgJ g kWeh fHik, _tU g
bjJ bfhsyhkh? rJ jf mDgtfis
gJ bfhlhf.
my vW xU Wt
Ujh. mtDF Ky, my egfl "eh L
brt vd uL egf. iz cfhUjnghJ
jdJ C elj rf f UtU ntfkhf ngU
fhF PhWHik tUkhW flJ brf. eh if
egfis my miHjh. mirnj" vW Tdh.
KyD brtK ngU mjF KyD brtK, "
my CUF brW rf ifairj bghGJ ehf UtU

138 aa
 msLfS afK
ngU mUfUnf cfhJjh vj iyYs bghUSl
Unjh, ngUJ efjbghGJ xL ghnwhnkh, mij
cDila L, ndh bghUJjh mbghU X
nghtJ nghy, vfSF bjjJ" iy csjh? myJ
vW brhdhf. af csjh? vd Tw Ko
UJ eh bjJbfhtJ X afK xbfhW
vd ? bjhlilad.

xnu bghU xUt ghF X, af g bjJ

bghGJ af UgJ nghy, bfhnlhkyth? bghGJ j
mnj bghUis ntbwhUt ghF braiy W FG fyJiuaho
bghGJ X iy UgJ brayhkh?
nghy bjwjyth?

bra 3

tU vLJfhLf tU aff midJ xnu

khahd affsh? myJ VnjD ntWghL csjh? vW
WFG fyJiuaho tifgLJf.
1. 100 l Xl gja gnfF u af.
2. bjid kuUJ nHG njfh af.
3. j, uhd eill brY uhQt uf af.
4. fofhu KKid af.
5. nehLjf vGJbghGJ if af.
6. ia RW y af.
7. fh gjhl g af.
8. Naid RW af.
9. fhf rWf isahL Wtf af.
10. ehDila th af.
11. ikjhd isahL FHijf af.
12. <f, bfhRf af.
13. Cr isahL Wtf af.
14. ahidDila fh af.
15. fil f brY kjf af.
16. UHhf kjf af.
17. ggu af.
18. nkir miwfjit wgJ _LtJ .

ma 139
 myF - 4

neuhf brtJ

jirahf tlkhf
brtJ af brtJ

KD D myJ
tyJ lJkhf brtJ

nkfl bra _ykhf aff gytiff csd vgij

bjJ bfhnlhkyth? mt ytiw g ghngh.
aff tiff it af csnghJ
vjifa ghij brwd?
nenfhL af nenfhL ghij jhnd. J
bjid kuUJ nH G nghW xU bghU nenfhL
njfh, neuhd rhiy brY ghij adh, mjifa
thfdf nghwtiw cW af nenfhL af
neh Uf myth? vdgL. jhnd G bghU
af, (Lift) af
nghwtit nenfhL afF
nkY y vLJfhLfshF.
tl af
xU Kid fiy
fo, mj kWKidia if
oJ bfhL RW bghGJ
f efU ghijia cWnehFf.
f efU ghij tlghij jhnd?
jifa af tlghij
vj xU Y fYF
tlghij ikaF
(ifF) ilgl bjhiy
xnu msthf Ugij fhz
Kowjyth?
140 aa
 msLfS afK

(v.fh) ggu af,

mnjngh Fil uhod
af, Fil
RW FHij afij
uhod af.
vLJ bfhnth. Fil uhod
cs FHij tl ghij uiy af
RWbghGJ, tlghij vj xnu khahd af uhd
xU Y Fil uhod fhy ilbt Ug Ug
ikaF FHijF ilna eilbgwh, mjifa af
cs bjhiy xnu msthfjhnd uiy af vdgL.
UF? J nghW xU bghU
tlghij adh,
mjifa af tl afkhF.

fofhu KKid af,

wiff VnjD
X l Ffgl
af nghwit tl afF
(v.fh) Cr ML W
nkY y vLJfhLfshF.
af, Rt fofhu Cr af,
RH af Rolgl iz f
xU Fl mir g RHY af, ia R tU y
bghU af RH af af, Naid R tU
vdgL. af.

ma 141
 myF - 4
jirahd af xWF nkgl af
(Random motion) xU bghU xnu neu
btntW irf, btntW xWF nkgl affis
ntff brY bghU bgUFkh? to
af jirahd af brnwhkyth? m rfu
vdgL. af vj tif? to
Kndh brtJ vj tif
af vW TwKowjh?
to rfu af
RH af. to nenfhL
ghij brtjh, mJ nenfhL
af. vdnt, to rfu,
xnu neu xWF nkgl
afij bgUwJ myth?
njngh jiu cUS gJ,
(v.fh) bjho J
JisnghL au nghwit
af, fh gjhlfs cs
xWF nkgl afij
g af,
bgUwd.

ntW bghUf VnjD

xWF nkgl afij
bgWsdth? vd J,
t xnu neu eilbgW
affis tf aYkh?
RH a
f

nenfhL af

142 aa
 msLfS afK

iwa ma
au kj (nuhngh)
nuhngh (Robot)it cUthat
Ir mnkh. tjh ig
bkh brhyhd nuhngh vD
brhiy tHat. nuhngh vgJ
xU kj au. j kj
au vj ntiybayh
brantL vd eh
idnwhnkh mtiw
KTona flisfshf gJ
(dD iriffshf) juntL.
nuhngh cl KGtJ j
flisfis bragLj au
aukj
mikf cUthfgLsd.
j totikfgl nuhngh
kjidnghw bttot
fis gagLJwhf. kj
bfhoUjhY j c
iu nuhnghfis L
cWf aufshMdit.
nuhnghfis r thj ntiyahshf itJ bfhlhY
fyf aFwd. agjiy.
dQY (electronic chip) ekJ Lghlij vGju
nuhngh _isahf bragL o xU nuhngh kL Ujh
wJ. dQ gagl vts ewhf UF ?
flisf mj affis
cf gfhf xU nuhngh
fLgLjgLwd.
vbdd ntiybrJ juyh
W f fyhd mWit vgij Xakhf totikJ
irfnghJ, mjFjf fhLf.
kL
I. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf
1. fh mirjhL kuis af __________
m. nenfhL af M. tl af
. uiy af <. RH af
2. jiu cUS gJ __________ afF vLJfhL
m. tl M. nenfhL
. RH <. xF nkgl
3. to af cs nghJ mj rfu fhiw ug gagL
thgF af __________
m. jirahd af M. uiy af
. tl af <. nkfl midJ
ma 143
 myF - 4
II. bfhLfgLs glfis cWneh fhQ dhfSF il
vGJf.
5 dhoF

1. glUJ,
af csit 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________
X iy csit 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________

2. gl cstiw mt aff mogil tifgLj.

mt vitbayh xF nkgl affis bgWsd?

III. nfhol lij uf.

1. J ijF bghGJ ija au C af__________
( nenfhL af / jirahd af )
2. xU mirg RHY bghU__________ bgWsJ.
( nenfhL af / RH af )
3. neuij bghUJ bghU _________khWtnj af.( w / iy )
IV. J il vGJf.
1. e cl cs vj cW uiy afij bgWsJ?
2. Filuhod cs FHij afF, 50
Xlgja XL FHij afF VnjD
ntWghL csjh?
3. ikjhd isahL FHijf af vj tif?
cf ilF fhuz TWf.

144 aa
 msLfS afK
4. gl
 cs fU bga vd? ij
vjF gagLJthf? j fU
gagho cs nghJ vtif affis
bgUF?
5. cfl xU Kid flgl
nfhstotFL (spherical bob) xW csJ.
jiditJ vbjj af tiffis
cfsh sf Ko?
V. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf
1. xU
 bghU vnghJ af csJ
vnwh?
2. nenfhL af, tl af ntWgLJf .
3. RH af vwh vd? v.fh. jUf.
4. uiy af vwh vd?
bjhlJ brnth
xU bga btisjhis vLJ
bfhSf. mjid jiu gu
itf. m J rfiuia
J neu fJ ghUf.
rfiu jh vWf bkhJ
bfhoUgij ghf Kowjyth ?
m VjhtJ X vW braiy cW
ghUf. mj vW brY lfis
vyh xU bg bfhL fshf
FJbfhnl thUf. d
jh cs rfiuia vWfis
L jhis ghUf. f Fj
xbthU Fl fhy ilbt vW iyia
FwJ.
UJ bghUiy neuij bghUJ khbfhnl
Ujh, mJ aFwJ vgij Jbfhs Kowjyth?

nkY ma
izajs

http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-i/motion/types-motion.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/measurement

www.arvindguptatoys.com

ma 145
 fhja 5
fhjij f ghUf. bgo fjit wJ _L
mij itJbfhL isaho bghGJ jhdhfnt xobfhtJ
Uf. V?
Vbd, mtbyyh fhj
csJ.
U Cf, U JLf,
kz cs U Jff
nghwtiw fhj fttij eh

jiyik Ma nkir
cs F^ lgh F^f
xo UgJ vgo? Frhjd

Vbfdnt mJ itUnwh.
bga U rhkhfis
FtjF vnw gSf
(cranes) csd. t r thj
fhjf gagLjgLwd.
mntfkhf XL fhj
bjhltof, caukhd
lfSF eik miHJ
brY f ( lifts), tf
tshf, khd iyaf
UF jha gofLf
(escalators) nghwtiw r
thj fhjfns aF
wd. ts gaDs
fhjij fLojJ ah?
vd bjJbfhnth. fhjij
KjKj vgo fLojhf ?

146 aa
 fhja

mJ xU Ritahd fij. ghiw vjifa o

neuhf WbfhoUjJ. mtdJ
Mah ikd vW xU gF. M brU ghiw xo
mnf bkah vW X C bfhlJ. khd mj ghiwia
cL. mj C kiyf, fl vW idjhdh. jid
ghiwf, nkr yf Ujd. Cnu uL tJ ntoif ghjJ.
ML khL nkgJjh mtfSF
xnu bjh. mtf khd mtdJ nfh kLkyhk,
vW xU Wt Ujh. mJ U gil mofgl kw
f giHa fhy vgjh, nfhfisTl mj ghiw
mj C gTlnk iy. <gij kf flhf. cy
mtD kwtfnshL ML, khL gy lfY nj nghW <F
nkfnt brwh. MLfis ghiwf UgJ kfSF bja
nkaLL, nkr tjJ. Mdh mjF Kng df
btfSF eL Uj bga mj <F ghiwfis bfhL
ghiw x jdJ U fl khYfSF ir fhL
cs nfhnyhL mt cfhJ fU fis brJ tjd. khd
XbtLgJ tHf. mthW xU fL ojjh mJ khd
eh cfhUjbghGJ rnw (magnet) vW mJnt khdil
fzaJlh. vW miHfglJ. khdil
vgJ mgF Uj <
vGJ ghjh, mtdJ nfh rs jhJ bghUbga.

ma 147
 myF - 5
mj khdil jh aif fhj. tiw fhj ff vW
miHnwh. jF Fl tot ilahJ. jid fo
bjhflh, J tlF bjF iriana fhLwJ vgjh, J
"tfhL fhj" vW miHfglJ.
U jfoid fhjkhf khW ma Kiwia kj mj
wF, gy tif fhjfis eh cUth gagL tUnwh. thW
kjdh cUthfgl fhjfSF braif fhjf vW bga.
e mwhl th gagLjgL y braif fhjf totf
nH bfhLfgLsd.

rl fhj Fiu yhl tot fhj tisa fhj

vtif bghUfis fhj fhjjh fhjjh

<F ? <fgL <fglhj
ngdh _o, F^, bg, bghUf bghUf
nsL, M, Rzfo (chalk
piece) UFL, sho
msnfh, ku msnfh, ehza
vd gytiw MuhJ fhjjh
<fgL bghUfis goaL
egfSl thfyhkh ?
UJ eh bjJbfhtJ, fhjF JUtf
csdthnk?
y bghUf fhjjh
<fgLwd. y bghUf J ey nfjh. J g ehnk
fhjjh <fgLtiy. vdnt, fLogJjh eyJ. U
fS, xU fhjK Ujh
fhjjh <fgL bghUf
nghJ. f vikahd X ma
fhj jik cs bghUf MF.
M jah.
U,nfhgh, f nghwit
fhjjikila bghUf. fhj Ufis
, rl fhjij mjJ
fhjjh <fglhj bghUf
itF bghGJ fhj vyh
fhj jik mw bghUf MF. gffY Ufuhfxo
fhj, be nghw bghUf UfhJ. U Kidf kL
mit mf xoUgij
fhjjik mw bghUf.
fhzyh. rl fhj kLkyhk,

148 aa
 fhja
Fiu yhl tot fhjfYTl fhj Cbgo
ij nghnw U KidfY
Uf mf xo UF.
fhj U KidfY
< ir mfkhf Ugjh
Uf F mfkhf
xoUF. j uL
Kidfis JUtf vd
miHnwh.

tl totkhd fhj C bgo

ika a msyhd
fhj C xW jF jil
RHYkhW bghUjgoUF.
j fhj Cbgo tlF,
vJ tlJUt? vJ bjJUt ? bjF, HF, nkF vW irf
FfgoUF. X iy
xU rl fhjij UFnghJ fhj CahdJ,
fo bjhfL ghjh tlF bjF irnyna F.
(gl csJ ngh) vj JUt
fhj Cbgoia gagL
vjgf csJ vgij clnd
ekh irfis mJbfhs
Ko.
fhjfis cUthFnthkh?
braif fhjf jahf
gy Kiwf csd. m xU va
Kiwia g ghngh.
X M myJ a U
Jil nki# J itf.
xU rl fhj xU Kidia
fLoJ lyh. bjhflgl M / a U Jo xU
fhj vbghGJ tlF bjF KidUJ kWKid tiu xnu
irnyna gij fhzyh. ir njf. Jngh 30 Kj
tlnf nehFKid tlJUt, 40 Kiw njf. njF nghJ
bjnf nehFKid bjJUt irianah, fhj Kidianah
MF. khwhk njf ntL. M/
fhj j irfhL U JL fhjkhf kh csjh
gig gagL cUthfglJ vgij fla mj mU
jh fhj Cbgo. y F^f myJ U
fis bfhL bry.

ma 149
 myF - 5
Mdh, xU fhj tl
JUtij kbwhU fhj
bjJUtij mUfUnf bfhL
brwh mit xiwbahW
<wd.
vdnt, fhjf vbu
JUtf xiwbahW <wd.
mit fhjkhfgl M/ U xjJUtf xiwbahW
Jlh <fgLwdth? yFwd.
vgij ftf. iyba fhjf mt fhj jikia
nj Kiwia g kWgo HJ Lkh? vbghGJ?
brJ ghf. btggLJ bghGnjh, nH
uL fhjfis mUfUnf nghLbghGnjh, Rah jL
vLJ brwh vd elF? bghGnjh fhjf mt fhj
bjJ bfhsyhkh? ij J jikia HJ Lwd.
bfhtJ f vJ.
btggLJj
<Fkh? yFkh?
gl fhoaJngh Url
fhjff tlJUtfis
mUfUnf bfhL brYbghGJ
mit xiwbahW j
Lwd.

nH nghLj

mnjngh, uL fhjf
bj JUtfis mUfUnf
bfhL brY bghGJ mit
xiwbahW jLwd.

150 aa
 fhja
Rah jLj rl fhj

rl fhj
kufil

njU
JL
fhjij ghJfhF Kiw :
fhjfis rahd Kiw Fiu yhl tot fhj
ghJfhfiy vwhY Tl mit
jkJ fhjjikia HJ Fiu yhl tot fhj
Lwd.
uL rl fhjf
vbu Kidf xiwbahW
ghgJ ngh izahf itJ,
mtF il xU kufilia
itJ, uL njU
JLfis fhjf
njU
KidfSF FWnf gl
JL
csJ ngh itJ ghJfhf
ntL.
Fiu yhl tot fhjF
xU njU Jil
KidfSF FWnf itJ
ghJfhf ntL.
bjJ bfhnth
x ehlh, ifng, bjhiyfh bgo, FWjfL, f nghwtF
mU fhjfis itjh, fhjf mj fhjjikia HJL.
mjbghUfS ghF cshfyh.

jft Jf
((  #a vdgL f bga uhodfis af
b
fhjf njit.
(( 1 600 a g vw My ma mP fbga
fhjkhf bragLwJ vgij mjh.

ma 151
 myF - 5

iwa ma ...
fhj bjhltog bjJ bfhnthkh?
fhj bjhltoF jF bjhlto vw bgaU cL.
mij uh eho gwF bjhlto vW TWwhf. ij
af, Or, bgnuh nghw vbghUf njitiy. nkny eh
Fl fhj yF kW < irfis bjh EgF
gagLajh ekF mntf bjhlto iljJ.
mJr, J vgo ntiy brwJ ?
j bjhltoF rfuf ilahJ. bjhlto
mogFY jlthsY tik thj fhjfis bghU
Uwhf. j fhjf jh fhjf. mjhtJ, rhu
ghnghJ kLnk it fhj jik bgW. mJkLkyhk, mj
JUtfis njitnfg khw Ko. jlths fhj tlF
nkneh, bjhlto mogF fhjtlF neh
UFgoahd X mik csJ. jlths nknehs
tlJUt bjhl to nehs tlJUtij y
jSwJ.
yFir fhuzkhf j fhj bjhlto rhjhuz
bjhltoial mntfkhf brwJ. j jF bjhlto
brYnghJ rjnk nffhJ, tif bjhltof #gh,
uh, b#k, mbkfh, dh KjaehLf csd.

rhjhuz bjhltoF,
fhj mntf bjhl
toFkhd ntWghLf Iij
goaLf. (Kj ntWghL
jugLsJ)
1. r h j h u z b j h l t o i a
nghy fhj mntf
bjhltoF rfuf
ilahJ.

2. ________________________

3. ________________________

4. ________________________

fhj bjhlto

152 aa
 fhja

kL:
I. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.
1. J X aif fhj
m) rl fhj M) khdil
) tisa fhj <) Fiu yhl tot fhj
2. fhjjh ftugL bghU
m) kuJL M) F^
) mgh (eraser) <) fhjJL
3. khYfSF irfhL fUfis mjtf
m) af M) Inuhaf
) df <) vaf
4. jFjil bjhflgl fhj vbghGJnk
___________ irfjh F.
m) tlF HF M) bjF nkF
) HF nkF <) tlF bjF
5. fhjf fhjjikia Hf fhuz
m) gagLJtjh M) ghJfhghf itUgjh
) Rah jLtjh <) RjgLJtjh
6. fhj Cbgoia gagL ___________ mJ bfhs Ko.
m) ntfij M) flj bjhiyit
) iria <) afij

II. bghUjyhjij tlL fhuz TWf :

1. rlfhj, khdil, tisa fhj, yhl fhj.
2. U M, F^, ugFHh, ija C.
3. (lift), jha gofL (escalator), fhj u, g.
4. ftj, yFj, ir fhLj, xj.

III. J il vGJf.
1. cfl JUtf Ffglhj xU rlfhjK js
U S bfhLfgLsJ. tiw gagL
m) JUtfis vthW f fLof?
M) fhj vj gF Uf mfkhf xoUF.
V?
2. cfl X U C bfhLfgLsJ. mjid fhjkhf khw
f vd brf?
ma 153
 myF - 5
3. fhQ gl m kW M vw uL fhjf
bfhLfgLsd. it xiwbahW <gjhf bfhlh
M fhj vj Kid tlJUtkhf, vj Kid bj JUtkhf
UF? m M

4. xU fzho Ftis / Kfit iu vLJ bfhs. m y

F^fis nghl. UF ifia lhk f nghl F^fis
bt vLf ntL. mjF f vd brf?
IV. fhQ dhfSF il vGJf
1. b
raif fhj vwh vd? braif fhjf glfis
tiuJ, bgafis vG, JUtfis Ff?
2. xU fhj JUt < kW JUt yF FJ vGJf.
3. f bjJbfhl fhj gfis vGJf.
4. vbghGbjyh fhj mj fhj jikia HJ LwJ?

V. uf

Rzfo

fhjjh
<fgL fhjjh
bghUf <fglhj
bghUf

F^
VI. bjhlJ brnth
Ma cjl, fhjCbgoia gagL cfSila g
cs bfho fg, jiyik Ma miw, MTl, isahL ikjhd
Mait mikJs iria fLof.

nkY ma
izajs
http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/magnetism.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/magnetite

154 aa
 vdh Ko, eh brnj
( I can, I did )
khzt fw braghLf gntL
ghl :

ghl
t. v eh ghljiy braghLf Fiu
v

155