AnalysisandDesignofFSAE

RacecarCoolingSystem
MEE452Project
JesseHasngs

PatHowe

1.Objecve

Theobjecveofthisprojectistocompareanalysisbetweenseriesandparallelradiatorsetups
forthe2010FormulaSAEcar.Datawillbecollectedonwaterpumpoutputatarangeof
dierentenginespeeds.Fromthisinformaonandthatofknownenginepoweroutputand
otherparameters,eachmodelwillbeconguredandtheresultswillbecomparedtodetermine
whichsystemwillfunconproperlyforthedesiredrequirementsofthecar.

2.Introducon

TheNIUFormulaSAEcarulizesa600ccYamahaR6enginethatproduces90hppeakas
measuredatthecrank.Theengineistobecooledusingtworadiators.Theradiatorsare
mountedoneoneithersideofthevehiclejustoutsidethecockpit.Thisisdoneinsuchawayto
provideanevenweightdistribuon,andmaximizeairowovertheheatexchangers.Withthis
setupitisnownecessarytodeterminethebestconguraonfortheplumbingandowofthe
coolantthrougheachradiator.Thetwooponsforcoolantowareparallelandseries.

InparallelthecoolantwillowoutoftheengineandintoaTngwherehalfofthecoolant
owwillgotooneradiatorandtheotherhalftotheotherradiator.Thecoolantwillthenow
intoeachradiatorandbecooled.Asitleavestheradiatorthereturnlinesfromeachradiatorwill
mergetogetherinanotherTng.Thecoolantwillnowentertheengineandthecyclewill
repeatitself.

Inseriesthecoolantwillowoutoftheengineandwillbedirectedthroughtubingandintothe
rstradiator.Thecoolantwillthenbecooledandwillleavetherstradiator.Coolantwillthenbe
directedviatubingtothesecondradiatorwhereitwillundergoasecondcoolingcycle.Aerit
runsthroughthesecondradiatorthecoolantwillbereturnedtotheengineandthecyclewill
repeat.

2.ParallelRadiatorsData

Theimportantvariableinbothsituaonsofcoolantsystemdesignistheowrateofthecoolant
fromtheenginethroughtheradiators.Waterwillbeusedasthatcoolantasitismandatedby
theFSAErules.Becausethewaterpumpisdrivenbythecrankshaoftheengine,theowrate
willvarydependingontheenginespeed.Measuringthemerequiredtopump1literofwater
throughthepumpgivesthemassowrateataparcularenginespeed.Thismeasurementwas
madeatthreesteadyrates:2500rpm,6000rpmand10000rpm.

Figure1illustratesthecurvetapproachusedtodeterminetheaverageowrateatadesired
enginespeed.


RPM Flowrate(L/m) FlowRate(Gal/min) cfs lbm/s

2500 9.5 2.50964231 0.005591506 0.348389984
6000 30 7.925186242 0.017657388 1.100178898
10000 59 15.58619961 0.034726197 2.163685167

Figure1

FromtheowratedataandthemeasurementsofeachradiatortheReynoldsnumbercanbe
found.Thiswilltelltheowcharacteriscsofthecoolantintheradiatorandwilldetermine
whichequaonstouseinndingtheappropriateheattransfercoecients.Sinceitisknown
whattypeofcoolantisbeingusedandthatthesystemwillbepressurizedto22psigthe
appropriatematerialproperescanbeusedincalculaons.Thesevaluesarepresentinthe
appendixofthisreport.

Oncetheheattransfercoecientsarefoundanoverallheattransfercoecientcanbe
determined.Theareaavailableforheattransferisxedsincethedimensionsoftheradiatorsare
known.Alsoknownisthedesiredchangeincoolanttemperaturewhichwillbefrom210Fto
185Fassuggestedbytheenginemanufacturer.

Nowknowingtheoverallheattransfercoecient,theareaofheattransferandthedesired
changeintemperature,thetotalheatrejectedbytheradiatorscanbecalculated.Withthisdata
thetotalheatrejectedbytheradiatorscanbeviewedovertheenrerangeofenginespeeds
andvehiclespeeds.

Nexttheneededheatrejeconbytheenginecanbecalculatedandploedalongwiththe
enginespeedandvehiclespeedatagivenmoment.

Figure2showstheheatbeingrejectedbytheradiatorsalongwiththeheatthatneedstobe
rejectedfromtheengine.Thisisallploedasafunconofvehiclespeed,enginespeedandgear
selecon.

Figure2

3.SeriesRadiators

InordertoanalyzetheradiatorsinaseriesconguraontheNTUmethodwasulized.
Thiswasnecessarybecausethetemperatureattheexitoftherstradiatorisunknown.

First,theradiatoreecvenesswascalculated.Fromthisitallowedthedeterminaonof
theFvalue.

UsingtheNTUmethodthetotalheattransferredoutoftherstradiatorcouldbe
determined.Withthisdatatheinlettemperatureofthesecondradiatorcouldbefound.
Oncetheinlettemperatureisfoundtheheatrejectedbythesecondradiatorcanbe
calculated.

Withtheheatrejectedbyeachradiatornowknownthetotalofthesystemcanbefound
bysummingthetwo.

Nexttheneededheatrejeconbytheenginecanbeploedalongwiththeengine
speedandvehiclespeedatagivenmoment.
 Figure3showstheheatbeingrejectedbytheradiatorsalongwiththeheatthatneeds
toberejectedfromtheengine.Thisisallploedasafunconofvehiclespeed,engine
speedandgearselecon.

4.Conclusion

Astheresultsoftheseriesradiatorsareanalyzeditcanbeseenthattheairowacrossthe
radiatorsisinsucienttocooltheenginein1st ,2nd
and3rd
gear.Itwouldbenecessarytorun the
st
electricfansatallmeswhileinthosethreegears.Alsoitcanbenotedthatin1 gearwith thefan
runningandtheenginespeedover1200rpmthecoolingissllnotsucientforthe engine.
Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthattheseriesmodelwouldnotworkintheapplicaon neededforthe
FormulaSAEcar.

Asthegraphicalresultsshow,coolingissucientwithoutfansin2nd ,3rd
and4th
gear.Theneed
forfansin1st
gearisnotnecessaryunl7000rpm.Thusitcanbeconcludedtheparallelradiator system
issuperiortotheseriesarrangementandwillbethesystemusedinthe2010racecar.

5.Appendix

5.1DataCalculaons
RPMofMotor HPProducedbyMotor NeededCooling(hp) NeededCooling(BTU/hr)
3000 16.93 4.233326119 10778.64096
3500 15.38 3.84397529 9787.299245
4000 26.14 6.535801138 16641.06471
4500 35.26 8.814928805 22444.04283
5000 43.93 10.98347051 27965.4536
5500 45.53 11.38240858 28981.20579
6000 46.07 11.51846916 29327.63507
6500 54.06 13.5153714 34412.02774
7000 61.56 15.38950478 39183.8337
7500 69.59 17.39792163 44297.54418
8000 72.40 18.09933916 46083.45141
8500 75.55 18.88828034 48092.20612
9000 79.79 19.94638414 50786.28652
9500 87.12 21.77919138 55452.87033
10000 91.64 22.9110618 58334.77089
10500 91.57 22.89347731 58289.99832
11000 91.92 22.98019327 58510.78929
11500 91.27 22.81652083 58094.05636
12000 89.51 22.37698694 56974.94153
12500 86.91 21.72704216 55320.09113

Table1.ShowingrelaonbetweenRPMandrequiredcoolingofengine

 f
a
n
s
p
e
e
d
a
t
F r
a a
n d
S i
p a
e t
e o
d r
( (
speed speedat m m
atthe the p p
Vehicle Radiato Radiator( h h
speed r(mph) /s) ) )
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
5.866666 4 2
5 4 667 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
11.73333 4 2
10 8 333 5 6
4 3
15 12 17.6 5 3
 .
2
9
1
9
8
1
2
6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
23.46666 4 2
20 16 667 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
29.33333 4 2
25 20 333 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
4 2
30 24 35.2 5 6
3
3
.
41.06666 4 2
35 28 667 5 9
 1
9
8
1
2
6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
46.93333 4 2
40 32 333 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
4 2
45 36 52.8 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
58.66666 4 2
50 40 667 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
64.53333 4 9
55 44 333 5 8
 1
2
6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
4 2
60 48 70.4 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
76.26666 4 2
65 52 667 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
82.13333 4 2
70 56 333 5 6
3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
4 2
75 60 88 5 6
 3
3
.
2
9
1
9
8
1
93.86666 4 2
80 64 667 5 6

t
o
t
a
l
m
a
s
s
f
l
o
w
(
Mass l
ow b
fan rate Massow m
speedat (fan rateofAir /
radiator(f only)(lb (no s
t/s) m/s) fan)(lbm/s) )
1
.
0
4
5
2
3
2
9
48.82823 0.93311 0.11211342 4
918 9519 6 5
1
.
48.82823 0.93311 0.22422685 1
918 9519 2 5
 7
3
4
6
3
7
1
1
.
2
6
9
4
5
9
7
48.82823 0.93311 0.33634027 9
918 9519 8 7
1
.
3
8
1
5
7
3
2
48.82823 0.93311 0.44845370 2
918 9519 4 2
1
.
4
9
3
6
8
6
6
48.82823 0.93311 4
918 9519 0.56056713 8
1
.
6
0
5
48.82823 0.93311 0.67268055 8
918 9519 6 0
 0
0
7
4
1
.
7
1
7
9
1
48.82823 0.93311 0.78479398 3
918 9519 1 5
1
.
8
3
0
0
2
6
9
48.82823 0.93311 0.89690740 2
918 9519 7 6
1
.
9
4
2
1
4
0
3
48.82823 0.93311 1.00902083 5
918 9519 3 2
2
.
0
5
4
2
5
3
7
48.82823 0.93311 1.12113425 7
918 9519 9 8
48.82823 0.93311 1.23324768 2
 918 9519 5 .
1
6
6
3
6
7
2
0
4
2
.
2
7
8
4
8
0
48.82823 0.93311 1.34536111 6
918 9519 1 3
2
.
3
9
0
5
9
4
0
48.82823 0.93311 1.45747453 5
918 9519 7 6
2
.
5
0
2
7
0
7
4
48.82823 0.93311 1.56958796 8
918 9519 3 2
2
.
6
48.82823 0.93311 1.68170138 1
918 9519 9 4
 8
2
0
9
0
8
2
.
7
2
6
9
3
4
3
48.82823 0.93311 1.79381481 3
918 9519
5 4

Table2.Massowrateacrossradiators

RPM DerivedFlow
1500 0.1644225
2000 0.25484
2500 0.3486625
3000 0.44589
3500 0.5465225
4000 0.65056
4500 0.7580025
5000 0.86885
5500 0.9831025
6000 1.10076
6500 1.2218225
7000 1.34629
7500 1.4741625
8000 1.60544
8500 1.7401225
9000 1.87821
9500 2.0197025
10000 2.1646
10500 2.3129025
11000 2.46461
11500 2.6197225
12000 2.77824
12500 2.9401625
13000 3.10549

Table3.Determinaonofowrateofcoolantthroughwaterpump

 M
d
o
t
C
(l
b
m
/
dept Length s INAreaH(^2)(SINGLE
width(in) h(in) (in) ST(in) ) TUBE)
0
.
0
0
1
7
2
0.081.27 8.75 0.486 0.000475521
ColdSide(with
Fan)
Rey
nold
s
Num
Vcar(mph) Vmax(/s) ber Nu k h
8
0
.
6
5
7
5
267 3
8.41 6
823 73.167 4
5 7.040 8 90804 1.42
1
2
8
.
7
7
535 7
6.83 5
647 116.81 6
10 14.080 7 96458 1.42
 3
1
6
9
.
3
1
7
803 4
5.25 8
471 153.59 1
15 21.120 5 51439 1.45
2
0
5
.
6
0
5
107 8
13.6 4
729 186.51 0
20 28.160 5 38695 1.44
2
3
9
.
0
2
8
133 5
92.0 1
911 216.83 0
25 35.200 9 30063 1.49
2
7
0
.
3
3
1
160 7
70.5 4
094 245.22 4
30 42.240 3 9511 1.45
187 272.12 2
35 49.280 48.9 08477 1.49
 276 9
7 .
9
7
5
7
3
7
6
3
2
8
.
2
6
9
214 6
27.3 2
459 297.78 1
40 56.320 1 74422 1.43
3
5
5
.
4
3
3
241 7
05.7 3
641 322.42 6
45 63.360 5 9175 1.43
3
8
1
.
6
3
267 2
84.1 1
823 346.19 4
50 70.400 8 48781 1.49
4
0
294 6
62.6 .
006 369.19 9
55 77.440 2 9157 1.49
 1
1
9
6
7
4
3
1
.
6
1
0
321 7
41.0 9
188 391.53 0
60 84.480 6 26459 1.48
4
5
5
.
5
7
1
6
348 7
19.4 413.26 6
65 91.520 371 85924 1.47
4
7
8
.
9
4
0
374 2
97.8 9
553 434.46 4
70 98.560 4 72673 1.46

k(BTU/*hr*F
INHdH() PRh ri() ro() )
0.000365 0.0013
0.000731571 1.88 785 65785 147.3645

Z P F U
0.22222222 0.999929 1/((ro/(hi*ri))+
0.006666893 2 489 (ro*LN((ro/ri))
 /k)+(1/ho)
0.22222222 0.999936
0.006021064 2 329
0.22222222 0.999941
0.005489308 2 959 Atot
0.22222222 0.999946
0.005043856 2 675 9.393125
0.22222222 0.999950
0.004665273 2 682
0.22222222 0.999954
0.004339554 2 129
0.22222222 0.999957
0.004056349 2 125
0.22222222 0.999959
0.003807844 2 754
0.22222222 0.999962
0.003588029 2 079
0.22222222 0.999964
0.003392208 2 151





Table4.Calculaonofowparametersandcorreconfactorsforparallelsystemw/ofans

WithFanat
speed WithoutFan
RPM Gh V Re Nu k(btu/hr**F) h(btu/hr*F)water
1500 17.2886747 0.286711023 62.12 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2000 26.79588171 0.444376148 96.28 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2500 36.6611172 0.607978726 131.73 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3000 46.88438116 0.777518759 168.46 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3500 57.4656736 0.952996245 206.48 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4000 68.40499452 1.134411186 245.79 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4500 79.70234392 1.321763581 286.38 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5000 91.3577218 1.515053429 328.26 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5500 103.3711281 1.714280732 371.43 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6000 115.742563 1.919445489 415.88 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6500 128.4720263 2.1305477 461.62 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7000 141.5595181 2.347587364 508.65 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7500 155.0050383 2.570564483 556.96 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8000 168.8085871 2.799479056 606.56 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8500 182.9701643 3.034331083 657.44 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9000 197.48977 3.275120564 709.62 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9500 212.3674042 3.521847499 763.07 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10000 227.6030668 3.774511887 817.82 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10500 243.1967579 4.03311373 873.85 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11000 259.1484775 4.297653027 931.17 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11500 275.4582256 4.568129778 989.77 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12000 292.1260022 4.844543983 1049.66 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12500 309.1518072 5.126895642 1110.84 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
13000 326.5356407 5.415184755 1173.30 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793

Table5.Calculaonofcoolantheattransfercoecients

hAir1st hAir2nd 3rd 4th



108.22910003 140.89750674 164.37263995 182.29769206
120.84436495 156.43080384 182.29769206 202.60523999
132.72208721 171.68654089 199.70416171 221.54605977
143.35013260 185.59080794 216.20209902 240.17246885
153.97817798 199.49507499 232.23398127 257.69026062
164.60622337 212.78388989 247.68009389 274.94958174
174.61375501 225.59013818 262.69534398 291.53883596
184.12720088 238.39638646 277.31947520 307.75679847
193.64064676 250.43063520 291.53883596 323.59050973
203.15409263 262.42479894 305.49483972 338.97882022
212.10987683 274.20231804 319.06659223 354.18029479
220.87204671 285.56072633 332.46390255 368.88590760
229.63421658 296.91913462 345.49373789 383.48561154
238.39638646 307.89944451 358.41372750 397.67694148
246.64300455 318.74054412 370.98034362 411.72605905
254.84953763 329.52925495 383.48561154 425.50357892
263.05607071 339.93747177 395.64960863 439.07587629
271.21326323 350.34568859 407.78962479 452.48477249
278.98480574 360.56476990 419.59892755 465.63852849
286.75634826 370.60296776 431.40823030 478.71598203

Table6.Convecveheattransfercoecientsforairoverradiator(connuedfromtable5)

RPM U(1st) U(2nd) U(3rd) U(4th) A DeltaT
91.7143826 114.140739 129.07 139.87404
3000 3 4 40013 83 9.393125 30
100.615134 124.125552 139.87 151.52749
3500 3 5 40483 03 9.393125 30
108.715776 133.541222 149.89 161.87804
4000 3 1 89011 05 9.393125 30
115.744992 141.804669 159.00 171.60221
4500 1 4 63234 42 9.393125 30
122.576316 149.781069 167.51 180.36269
5000 4 3 09745 07 9.393125 30
129.217989 157.149682 175.40 188.65124
5500 9 6 09857 97 9.393125 30
135.305514 164.026551 182.80 196.31590
6000 7 2 04163 36 9.393125 30
140.948614 170.693598 189.76 203.53851
6500 9 3 39257 6 9.393125 30
176.775960 196.31 210.34557
7000 146.456605 8 59036 11 9.393125 30
182.669369 202.54 216.74141
7500 151.83428 8 66686 53 9.393125 30
188.299156 208.42 222.85727
8000 156.781742 4 4604 45 9.393125 30
161.517899 193.586922 214.05 228.59121
8500 9 8 93584 28 9.393125 30
166.154142 198.740919 219.38 234.11441
9000 4 4 65519 05 9.393125 30
170.693598 203.600899 224.52 239.32834
9500 3 5 59698 91 9.393125 30
208.285425 229.39 244.34610
10000 174.880236 9 37502 87 9.393125 30
178.966433 212.838956 234.11 249.13347
10500 8 7 44105 87 9.393125 30
182.975017 217.132937 238.59 253.72553
11000 2 9 2591 11 9.393125 30
186.884750 221.332967 242.95 258.14611
11500 4 3 42715 09 9.393125 30
225.368218 247.09 262.37459
12000 190.542221 4 75749 08 9.393125 30
194.135659 229.249404 251.14 266.47641
12500 1 4 60957 36 9.393125 30
q
2 q3r
n d(B
q1st(BTU/hr d TU/
) ( hr) q4th(BTU/hr)
 B
T
U
/
h
r)
3
2
1
6
4.
1
4 363
6 72.2
25844.5398 9 468
1 9 6 39415.6326
3
4
9
7
7.
8
0
4 394
28352.7159 9 15.6
9 2 326 42699.49971
3
7
6
3
1.
0
8 422
1 40.5
30635.4262 7 734
9 5 7 45616.22007
3
9
9
5
9.
6
6 448
9 06.9
32616.2153 5 881
8 7 4 48356.43146
34541.2398 4 472 50825.07896
 6 2 03.5
2 456
0 6
7.
3
6
9
2
4
4
2
8
3.
7
9 494
8 26.9
36412.8219 3 015
4 7 1 53160.74308
4
6
2
2
1.
6
5 515
6 12.0
9 148
38128.2484 6 1 55320.59467
4
8
1
0
0.
3
8 534
9 74.2
39718.4387 1 882
5 7 3 57355.8817
4
Table7.
9
8 calculaonof
1 overallheat
4. transfer
3 553 coecientand
6 20.5 heattransfer
41270.5559 0 946
4 9 7 59274.06728
 1
5
1
4
7
5.
0
8 570
6 76.3
42785.9511 7 853
3 4 1 61076.37621
5
3
0
6
1.
5
2 587
5 32.7
44180.1150 3 507
2 9 6 62799.78711
5
4
5
5
1.
5
8 603
4 20.5
45514.7346 9 893
9 4 3 64415.57508
5
6
0
0
3.
9
4 618
8 21.7
46821.1988 9 591
6 5 6 65971.97768
5
7
3
7 632
48100.3891 3. 70.0
7 4 15 67441.23296
 6
0
9
7
5
8
6
9
3.
5
3 646
1 41.7
2 250
49280.1575 4 9 68855.20627
5
9
9
7
6.
6
8 659
7 71.9
7 776
50431.6225 4 8 70204.25721
6
1
1
8
6.
7
0 672
4 33.9
51561.2162 8 009
6 2 5 71498.26887
6
2
3
7
0.
2
4 684
6 62.9
52662.9546 8 952
4 5 4 72743.96065
6 696
53693.6069 3 30.5
8 5 522 73935.51984
 0 5
7.
3
5
5
3
9
6
4
6
0
1.
0
4
9 707
54706.2153 3 71.4
9 5 001 75091.38789
IN
d Are
e aH(
p ^
t 2)(
h SIN
( Md GL
i Leng otC( E
n th(in lbm TU
width(in) ) ) ST(in) /s) BE)
0.0
1 00
. 0.00 47
2 172 55
0.087 8.75 0.48 6 21
Cold
Side(with
Fan)
R
e
y
n
o
l
d
s
N
u
m
Vcar(mph) Vmax(/s) b Nu k h
 e
r
2
4
9
7
0
.
8
8 486.
0 468
6 441. 248
5 65.6349 2962 1.4 5
2
7
6
4
9
.
2
9 521.
8 102
9 472. 825
10 72.6743 7147 1.4 2
3
0
3
2
7
.
7
1 554.
7 662
1 503. 054
15 79.7147 1577 1.4 5
3
3
0
0
6
.
1 587.
3 270
5 532. 317
20 86.7544 7381 1.4 9
3 561. 619.
25 93.7945 5475 1.4 028
 6 758
8 3
4
.
5
5
3
6
4
3
8
3
6
2
.
9
7 650.
1 021
8 589. 031
30 100.8348 6619 1.4 4
4
1
0
4
1
.
3
9 680.
0 317
1 617. 333
35 107.8742 145 1.4 4
4
3
7
1
9
.
8
0 709.
8 977
3 644. 298
40 114.9146 0508 1.4 8
4
6 739.
3 052
9 670. 136
45 121.9548 4259 1.4 3
 .
2
2
6
6
4
9
0
7
6
.
6
4
4 767.
8 696. 586
50 128.9943 3104 1.4 234
5
1
7
5
5
.
0
6 795.
3 618
0 721. 389
55 136.0347 7395 1.4 5
5
4
4
3
3
.
4
8 823.
1 182
3 746. 764
60 143.0741 7444 1.4 6
5
7
1
1
1
. 850.
8 309
9 771. 639
65 150.1149 3523 1.4 7
 5
5
5
9
7
9
0
.
3
1 877.
7 026
7 795. 014
70 157.1549 5879 1.4 7

INHdH() PRh ri() ro() k(BTU/*hr*F)

0.000731571 1.88 0.000365785 0.001365785 147.3645

Z P F U
0.006666893 0.222222222 0.999929489 1/((ro/(hi*ri))+(ro*LN((ro/ri))/k)+(1/ho)
0.006021064 0.222222222 0.999936329
0.005489308 0.222222222 0.999941959 Atot
0.005043856 0.222222222 0.999946675 9.393125
0.004665273 0.222222222 0.999950682
0.004339554 0.222222222 0.999954129
0.004056349 0.222222222 0.999957125
0.003807844 0.222222222 0.999959754
0.003588029 0.222222222 0.999962079
0.003392208 0.222222222 0.999964151




Table8.Calculaonofowparametersandcorreconfactorsforparallelw/fan

With
Fanat
speed
RPM Gh V Re Nu k(btu/hr**F) h(btu/hr*F)water
1500 17.2886747 0.286711023 62.12 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2000 26.79588171 0.444376148 96.28 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2500 36.6611172 0.607978726 131.73 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3000 46.88438116 0.777518759 168.46 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3500 57.4656736 0.952996245 206.48 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4000 68.40499452 1.134411186 245.79 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4500 79.70234392 1.321763581 286.38 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5000 91.3577218 1.515053429 328.26 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5500 103.3711281 1.714280732 371.43 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6000 115.742563 1.919445489 415.88 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6500 128.4720263 2.1305477 461.62 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7000 141.5595181 2.347587364 508.65 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7500 155.0050383 2.570564483 556.96 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8000 168.8085871 2.799479056 606.56 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8500 182.9701643 3.034331083 657.44 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9000 197.48977 3.275120564 709.62 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9500 212.3674042 3.521847499 763.07 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10000 227.6030668 3.774511887 817.82 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10500 243.1967579 4.03311373 873.85 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11000 259.1484775 4.297653027 931.17 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11500 275.4582256 4.568129778 989.77 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12000 292.1260022 4.844543983 1049.66 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12500 309.1518072 5.126895642 1110.84 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
13000 326.5356407 5.415184755 1173.30 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793

Table9.Calculaonofcoolantheattransfercoecients



hAir 3r 4t
hAir1st 2nd d h
55 56
0.5 6.
68 32
531.1 68 59
506.312 3580 00 08
98913 014 2 64
56 58
6.3 4.
25 57
543.9 90 40
515.392 9437 86 16
87536 240 4 06
58 60
1.9 2.
67 41
556.7 14 68
524.368 9086 35 18
13053 153 7 75
59 62
7.3 0.
38 16
569.2 95 13
533.166 8506 22 52
10102 120 4 41
61 63
2.5 7.
72 50
581.7 55 51
541.964 7926 17 25
07151 087 7 73
62 65
7.5 4.
94 74
594.0 39 04
550.762 9094 81 83
04200 753 2 11
64 67
2.4 1.
60 69
606.2 48 47
559.421 5952 95 79
21935 854 4 80
567.969 618.4 65 68
 88229 2810 7.1 8.
955 62 47
52 40
54 78
9 47
67 70
1.6 5.
94 07
630.3 77 22
576.518 1761 98 71
54522 607 0 00
68 72
6.1 1.
02 43
642.1 90 97
585.067 9263 81 82
20815 203 1 27
70 73
0.3 7.
29 71
653.9 93 05
593.450 7677 02 27
49590 605 7 78
71 75
4.4 3.
66 70
665.5 60 36
601.776 8512 56 18
36712 333 2 21
72 76
8.4 9.
12 63
677.1 95 50
610.102 9347 89 70
23833 062 1 78
74 78
2.2 5.
97 32
688.6 80 23
618.428 2361 46 14
10955 173 9 75
75 80
5.9 0.
84 91
699.9 78 95
626.567 8813 09 94
61103 995 2 79
 76 81
9.6 6.
35 34
711.3 07 50
634.692 2553 07 61
62195 506 8 39
78 83
3.0 1.
81 63
722.4 27 42
642.817 6586 99 23
63288 532 0 54
79 84
6.5 6.
12 81
733.6 31 48
650.921 0619 86 58
94781 558 2 07
80 86
9.7 1.
34 81
744.6 14 86
658.864 4062 71 55
50122 044 3 31
82 87
2.9 6.
55 76
755.5 97 95
666.807 7376 56 67
05462 061 5 43


Table10.Convecveheattransfercoecientsforairoverradiator(connuedfromtable9)

 U
( D
2 e
n lt
d a
RPM U(1st) ) U(3rd) U(4th) A T
2
8
1
.
9
6
7
0
4
274.814 5 287.35 3
3000 441 6 14 291.5856738 9.393125 0
2
8
5
.
5
5
0
2
6
277.467 7 291.58 3
3500 6708 4 57 296.3486791 9.393125 0
2
8
9
.
0
3
7
1
7
280.048 6 295.67 3
4000 251 4 72 300.8662286 9.393125 0
2
9
2
.
3
6
8
1
4
282.538 3 299.59 3
4500 2189 2 43 305.2279767 9.393125 0
2
9
5
.
6
2
8
7
4
284.989 0 303.37 3
5000 8554 2 82 309.3704371 9.393125 0
2
9
287.404 8 307.01 3
5500 0388 . 76 313.3736501 9.393125 0
 7
7
5
0
1
9
8
3
0
1
.
8
2
1
6
7
289.744 3 310.53 3
6000 3931 8 28 317.2057975 9.393125 0
3
0
4
.
8
0
7
5
2
292.020 5 313.92 3
6500 8681 6 74 320.8991772 9.393125 0
3
0
7
.
6
6
7
9
294.264 0 317.20 3
7000 2905 1 58 324.4593284 9.393125 0
3
1
0
.
4
7
0
1
296.475 8 320.38 3
7500 375 1 31 327.8824901 9.393125 0
3
1
3
.
1
9
8
5
9
298.612 3 323.45 3
8000 9501 9 14 331.2024524 9.393125 0
3
1
5
300.706 . 326.43 3
8500 3942 8 45 334.388044 9.393125 0
 3
6
6
6
6
9
3
1
8
.
4
2
6
8
2
302.771 4 329.31 3
9000 0562 7 53 337.4874487 9.393125 0
3
2
0
.
9
3
1
6
5
304.807 9 332.12 3
9500 5256 7 39 340.4697396 9.393125 0
3
2
3
.
3
7
8
4
8
306.771 2 334.83 3
10000 7072 4 63 343.3687603 9.393125 0
3
2
5
.
7
7
7
2
3
308.706 8 337.48 3
10500 5859 3 74 346.1730941 9.393125 0
3
2
8
.
0
9
4
2
6
310.616 8 340.04 3
11000 1872 6 78 348.8930584 9.393125 0
3
3
312.496 0 342.55 3
11500 2333 . 62 351.5368811 9.393125 0
 3
7
2
6
1
8
6
3
3
2
.
5
9
2
1
2
314.315 2 344.97 3
12000 2865 9 87 354.0959898 9.393125 0
3
3
4
.
7
5
5
6
4
316.111 4 347.35 3
12500 5487 3 64 356.5943891 9.393125 0
q2nd
(BT q4th(B
q1st(BTU/h U/hr TU/hr
r) ) q3rd(BTU/hr) )
7945
77440.9918 6.55 82167.
8 116 80973.8219 02047
8046
78188.6554 6.28 83509.
5 067 82167.02047 2056
8144
78915.8468 8.86 84782.
2 981 83319.99997 2228
8238
79617.5042 7.51 86011.
1 546 84423.79502 33617
8330
80308.3600 6.33 87178.
6 13 85490.08028 6556
Tabl
e11.
calc
ula
on
of
over
all
heat
8419 tran
80988.6618 2.93
7 324 86515.65138 sfer
 coef
cie
nt
and
heat
tran
sfer

88306.
73602
8505
81648.1590 1.46 89386.
8 129 87506.19462 6112
8589
82289.6554 2.85 90427.
9 567 88462.78568 38252
8669
82921.8379 8.89 91430.
1 158 89386.6112 61086
8748
83544.9077 8.55 92395.
1 656 90281.95203 23644
8825
84147.2630 7.40 93330.
1 627 91146.58551 78107
8900
84737.1824 0.79 94228.
7 876 91987.20438 46087
8973
85318.9913 0.68 95101.
2 903 92798.98815 85375
9043
85892.8556 6.53 95942.
7 588 93590.44753 24469
9112
86446.3497 6.03 96759.
6 523 94354.77654 1706
9180
1.98 97549.
86991.5865 965 95101.85375 41435
9245
87529.7002 4.91 98315.
2 431 95823.35513 88328
9309
88059.4854 6.93 99060.
4 909 96530.18258 89599
9372
88572.0832 2.38 99782.
7 153 97212.8545 03683
943
32.0
89078.258 483 10048
71 3 97882.849256.0701
N
T
RPM Ch Cc(1stgear) U E Tho Tho2
0.433 3 185.8 166.0
3000 8509 0.077610284 150260 2059
 7 1 8 49
2
6
.
3
2
9
6
2
2
0.531 . 187.0 167.9
7663 8 13178 4038
3500 93 0.090545334 1 6 66
2
6
2
3
0.632 6 187.9 169.4
9948 . 30547 6895
4000 8 0.103480375 1 6 25
2
3
5
9
0
0.737 . 188.6 170.7
5364 0 91111 4569
4500 33 0.116415429 1 4 49
2
1
4
6
7
0.845 . 171.8
3910 8 189.3 4869
5000 5 0.129350476 1 441 05
1
9
7
2
3
0.956 . 189.9 172.8
5587 9 19116 2521
5500 33 0.142285514 1 7 03
1.071 1 190.4 173.7
0394 8 35104 0565
6000 8 0.155220562 1 4 44
 6
4
.
6
5
1
7
0
2
6
1.188 . 190.9 174.5
8332 4 04802 1054
6500 93 0.168155616 1 2 2
1
5
9
5
8
1.309 . 191.3 175.2
9401 6 37133 5428
7000 7 0.181090655 1 8 66
1
5
0
3
0
1.434 . 191.7 175.9
3601 4 38568 4735
7500 13 0.194025701 1 1 77
1
4
2
1
4
1.562 . 192.1 176.5
0931 8 13933 9758
8000 2 0.206960754 1 9 16
1
3
4
9
1
1.693 . 192.4 177.2
1391 3 66927 1095
8500 93 0.219895796 1 6 61
1.827 1 192.8 177.7
9000 4983 0.232830842 100442 9217
 3 8 1 9
4
6
.
3
4
1
2
2
6
5
1.965 . 178.3
1705 9 193.1 4500
9500 33 0.245765895 116786 1
1
1
7
4
1
. 193.4 178.8
2.106 4 17833 7246
10000 1558 0.258700939 1 6 9
1
1
2
6
5
2.250 . 193.7 179.3
4541 3 05130 7709
10500 33 0.271635982 1 1 57
1
0
8
2
9
2.398 . 193.9 179.8
0655 7 79967 6098
11000 3 0.284571034 1 2 21
1
0
4
3
0
2.548 . 194.2 180.3
9899 8 43437 2590
11500 93 0.297506072 1 6 68
120002.703 0.310441121 1 194.4 180.7
 2275 0 96476 7339
2 0 6 2
6
3
.
3
6
9
7
2
3
.
2.860 6 194.7 181.2
7781 6 39892 0475
12500 13 0.323376175 1 2 39

Table12.calculaonofexittemperaturesinparallel

q1 q2 qtot
63961.83296 52519.89529 116481.7283
61655.46735 51157.22131 112812.6887
59917.73185 50122.53532 110040.2672
58519.54627 49282.60929 107802.1556
57358.90822 48582.61288 105941.5211
56355.61553 47972.87081 104328.4863
55467.4319 47428.80589 102896.2378
54671.36892 46938.32742 101609.6963
53934.99385 46478.83403 100413.8279
53255.5438 46051.67354 99307.21734
52619.25998 45647.76694 98267.02692
52015.24827 45259.78817 97275.03644
51444.27271 44890.05977 96334.33249
50895.31294 44530.30213 95425.61508
50368.90264 44182.0469 94550.94954
49863.3825 43844.73562 93708.11811
49371.02543 43512.3184 92883.34383
48896.25761 43189.31736 92085.57497
48434.23785 42872.0057 91306.24355
47983.90758 42559.91053 90543.81811

Table13.Calculaonoftotalheattransferinparallelsystem

 INAreaH(^2)(SINGLE
width(in) depth(in) Length(in) ST(in) MdotC(lbm/s) TUBE)
0.08 1.27 8.75 0.48 0.001726 0.000475521
Cold
Side(with
Fan)
Reynolds
Vcar(mph) Vmax(/s) Number Nu k h
5 65.634 24970.88069 441.2961968 1.4 486.4682485
10 72.674 27649.29893 472.7147057 1.4 521.1028252
15 79.714 30327.71717 503.1577209 1.4 554.6620545
20 86.754 33006.1354 532.7380741 1.4 587.2703179
25 93.794 35684.55364 561.5475165 1.4 619.0287583
30 100.834 38362.97188 589.6619357 1.4 650.0210314
35 107.874 41041.39012 617.1450096 1.4 680.3173334
40 114.914 43719.80836 644.0508354 1.4 709.9772988
45 121.954 46398.2266 670.4258665 1.4 739.0521363
50 128.994 49076.64483 696.3103694 1.4 767.586234
55 136.034 51755.06307 721.739539 1.4 795.6183895
60 143.074 54433.48131 746.7443651 1.4 823.1827646
65 150.114 57111.89955 771.352316 1.4 850.3096397
70 157.154 59790.31779 795.5878848 1.4 877.0260147

INHdH() PRh ri() ro() k(BTU/*hr*F)

0.000731571 1.88 0.000365785 0.001365785 147.3645

Z P F U
0.006666893 0.222222222 0.999929489 1/((ro/(hi*ri))+(ro*LN((ro/ri))/k)+(1/ho)
0.006021064 0.222222222 0.999936329
0.005489308 0.222222222 0.999941959 Atot
0.005043856 0.222222222 0.999946675 9.393125
0.004665273 0.222222222 0.999950682
0.004339554 0.222222222 0.999954129
0.004056349 0.222222222 0.999957125
0.003807844 0.222222222 0.999959754
0.003588029 0.222222222 0.999962079
0.003392208 0.222222222 0.999964151

Table14.Calculaonofowparametersandcorreconfactorsforparallelw/ofan

WithFanat
speed
RPM Gh V Re Nu k(btu/hr**F) h(btu/hr*F)water
1500 34.5773494 0.573422046 124.24 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2000 53.59176342 0.888752295 192.56 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
2500 73.32223439 1.215957453 263.46 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3000 93.76876232 1.555037518 336.93 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
3500 114.9313472 1.905992491 412.97 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4000 136.809989 2.268822372 491.58 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
4500 159.4046878 2.643527162 572.77 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5000 182.7154436 3.030106859 656.53 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
5500 206.7422563 3.428561464 742.86 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6000 231.485126 3.838890978 831.77 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
6500 256.9440526 4.261095399 923.25 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7000 283.1190361 4.695174729 1017.30 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
7500 310.0100767 5.141128966 1113.92 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8000 337.6171742 5.598958112 1213.12 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
8500 365.9403286 6.068662166 1314.89 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9000 394.97954 6.550241127 1419.23 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
9500 424.7348083 7.043694997 1526.15 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10000 455.2061336 7.549023775 1635.64 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
10500 486.3935159 8.066227461 1747.70 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11000 518.2969551 8.595306055 1862.33 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
11500 550.9164513 9.136259557 1979.54 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12000 584.2520044 9.689087967 2099.32 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
12500 618.3036145 10.25379128 2221.67 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793
13000 653.0712815 10.83036951 2346.60 4.36 3.79E01 2260.817793

Table15.Calculaonofcoolantheattransfercoecientsforseries

hAir1st hAir2nd 3rd 4th



506.31298913 531.13580014 550.56868002 456.83726418
515.39287536 543.99437240 566.32590864 456.83726418
524.36813053 556.79086153 581.96714357 460.23655643
533.16610102 569.28506120 597.33895224 568.13003246
541.96407151 581.77926087 612.57255177 585.47380578
550.76204200 594.09094753 627.59439812 603.87759303
559.42121935 606.25952854 642.46048954 620.83188972
567.96988229 618.42810955 657.16252549 638.67950088
576.51854522 630.31761607 671.69477980 655.27769341
585.06720815 642.19263203 686.10290811 672.62754574
593.45049590 653.97677605 700.32993027 688.89829125
601.77636712 665.58512333 714.46660562 705.79920141
610.10223833 677.19347062 728.41295891 722.57333889
618.42810955 688.62361173 742.29780469 738.26058285
626.56761103 699.98813995 755.98478092 754.64319498
634.69262195 711.32553506 769.63507078 785.49412819
642.81763288 722.46586532 783.08127990 808.86327173
650.92194781 733.60619558 796.51231862 824.04390627
658.86450122 744.64062044 809.73414713 839.39228713
666.80705462 755.57376061 822.95597565 854.34319925

Table16.Convecveheattransfercoecientsforairoverradiator(connuedfromtable15)

RPM U(1st) U(2nd) U(3rd) U(4th) A DeltaT
274.814 281.96704
3000 441 56 287.3513763 259.5569279 4.6965625 30
277.467 285.55026
3500 6708 74 291.5856738 259.5569279 4.6965625 30
280.048 289.03717
4000 251 64 295.6772461 260.6507267 4.6965625 30
282.538 292.36814
4500 2189 32 299.5942778 292.0631978 4.6965625 30
284.989 295.62874
5000 8554 02 303.3781987 296.5797465 4.6965625 30
287.404 298.77501
5500 0388 98 307.0176375 301.2301512 4.6965625 30
289.744 301.82167
6000 3931 38 310.5327731 305.3903161 4.6965625 30
292.020 304.80752
6500 8681 56 313.9274227 309.64674 4.6965625 30
294.264 307.66790
7000 2905 1 317.2057975 313.4966615 4.6965625 30
296.475 310.47018
7500 375 1 320.3830888 317.413668 4.6965625 30
298.612 313.19859
8000 9501 39 323.4514091 320.9913076 4.6965625 30
300.706 315.83666
8500 3942 69 326.4345088 324.6131808 4.6965625 30
302.771 318.42682
9000 0562 47 329.3152817 328.1164316 4.6965625 30
304.807 320.93165
9500 5256 97 332.1239294 331.3132787 4.6965625 30
306.771 323.37848
10000 7072 24 334.8362997 334.5728565 4.6965625 30
308.706 325.77723
10500 5859 83 337.4874487 340.5020294 4.6965625 30
310.616 328.09426
11000 1872 86 340.0478369 344.820576 4.6965625 30
312.496 330.37261
11500 2333 86 342.5561517 347.5500248 4.6965625 30
314.315 332.59212
12000 2865 29 344.978746 350.2511464 4.6965625 30
316.111 334.75564
12500 5487 43 347.3563528 352.8275411 4.6965625 30
q
q3r 4
q2nd( d(B t
q1st(BT BTU/h TU/ h
U/hr) r) hr) (
 B
T
U
/
h
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)
3
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7
404 6
39728 86. 0
38720.4 .2755 910 0
9594 8 95 2
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40233 83. 0
39094.3 .1403 510 0
2772 4 23 2
3
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416 7
40724 59. 2
39457.9 .4349 999 8
2341 1 98 6
4
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43349 93. 9
41460.9 .4457 305 9
1896 9 6 2
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42073.6 44128 455 4
3151 .7031 73. 5
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42659.4 .3445 494 8
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42946.4 .2679 223 6
2783 4 77 1
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45900 50. 1
43495.7 .9948 926 8
9325 2 87 7
4
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46227 11. 4
43764.8 .4571 677 1
5011 5 57 6
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482 7
46548 65. 1
44029.7 .4695 091 2
4272 4 29 4
4
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46861 06. 9
44286.0 .1907 427 1
4164 6 25 9
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489 9
47166 41. 7
44539.1 .0241 424 9
2936 7 63 5

Table18.calculaonofexittemperaturesinseriesnofan

Table19.totalheattransferinseriesnofan

Table20.totalheattransferinseriesnofan

 INAreaH(^2)(SINGLE
width(in) depth(in) Length(in) ST(in) MdotC(lbm/s) TUBE)
0.08 1.27 8.75 0.48 0.001726 0.000475521
Cold
Side(with
Fan)
Reynolds
Vcar(mph) Vmax(/s) Number Nu k h
5 65.634 24970.88069 441.2961968 1.4 486.4682485
10 72.674 27649.29893 472.7147057 1.4 521.1028252
15 79.714 30327.71717 503.1577209 1.4 554.6620545
20 86.754 33006.1354 532.7380741 1.4 587.2703179
25 93.794 35684.55364 561.5475165 1.4 619.0287583
30 100.834 38362.97188 589.6619357 1.4 650.0210314
35 107.874 41041.39012 617.1450096 1.4 680.3173334
40 114.914 43719.80836 644.0508354 1.4 709.9772988
45 121.954 46398.2266 670.4258665 1.4 739.0521363
50 128.994 49076.64483 696.3103694 1.4 767.586234
55 136.034 51755.06307 721.739539 1.4 795.6183895
60 143.074 54433.48131 746.7443651 1.4 823.1827646
65 150.114 57111.89955 771.352316 1.4 850.3096397
70 157.154 59790.31779 795.5878848 1.4 877.0260147

INHdH() PRh ri() ro() k(BTU/*hr*F)

0.000731571 1.88 0.000365785 0.001365785 147.3645

Z P F U
0.006666893 0.222222222 0.999929489 1/((ro/(hi*ri))+(ro*LN((ro/ri))/k)+(1/ho)
0.006021064 0.222222222 0.999936329
0.005489308 0.222222222 0.999941959 Atot
0.005043856 0.222222222 0.999946675 9.393125
0.004665273 0.222222222 0.999950682
0.004339554 0.222222222 0.999954129
0.004056349 0.222222222 0.999957125
0.003807844 0.222222222 0.999959754
0.003588029 0.222222222 0.999962079
0.003392208 0.222222222 0.999964151
Table21.Calculaonofowparametersandcorreconfactorsforseriesw/fan

Table22.Convecveheattransfercoecientsforairoverradiatorseriesw/fan

Table23.Overallheattransfercoecientsandtotalheattransferrate

 Table24.Totalheattransferforseriesw/fan

Table25.Totalheattransferforseriesw/fan

Table26.Vehicleandenginespeedcalculaons