Getting Started: The Concept Paper 4.
Evaluation
The most universal advice on writing a
successful grant proposal is to present a well
written, focused solution to a problem in a logical
progression. This is much easier said than done,
and finding the focus is often the most difficult
piece of the puzzle. To find this focus, we
suggest writing a "concept paper." A concept
paper summarizes in two to three pages the
entire project from beginning to end. The point is
to take all of the ideas in your head and put
them down on paper as concisely as possible.
Writing a concept paper is a good exercise in
defining your priorities and mission, and can be
a useful tool in obtaining valuable feedback
before "diving into" the full proposal.
Organize your concept paper with three
sections, which are discussed in more detail
below:
A Mission Statement that explains what it is
your are trying to do in fifty words or less.
A Statement of Need that explains what the
need is that you are trying to address.
A Project Narrative that explains what the
proposed activities are going to be.
Putting it Together: Writing the
Proposal
Following is a suggested format for grant
proposals. Many grant competitions have their
own prescribed format which may require you to
modify the suggestions offered here accordingly
. are often intense. The writing of this crucial
Generally, there are seven major sections of
a proposal:
1. Table of Contents
2. Mission Statement
3. Abstract
4. Statement of Need
5. Project Rationale Incorporating Literature
Review
6. Project Narrative
1. Goals and Objectives
2. Proposed Activities
3. Facilities and Resources
5. Dissemination
6. Sustainability
7. Attachments
1. Bibliography
2. Resume
3. Letters of Support/Endorsement
4. Relevant Publications (if allowed)
I. Table of Contents
After you write your proposal, create a table
of contents.
II. Mission Statement
In 50 words or less, what is the mission of your
project? This helps you clarify the project's
primary goal. Most importantly, this allows the
reader to have an immediate understanding of
what you are proposing right from the start
without having to search for what you are trying
to do embedded in the narrative of the proposal.
Following is an example of a mission statement
from a successful grant proposal:
"Our mission is to establish a self-sustaining,
continuing education program to retrain middle
managers in the hospitality industry in Croatia
with the ultimate goal of making the Croatian
hospitality industry more competitive in a global
free-market system."
III. Abstract
The well-written abstract is the single most
important part of the proposal. Often, initial
proposal review, or "first cuts", are based on the
abstract alone. The abstract should not be the
last part of the proposal that is written. Deadline
pressures prior to submission of the proposal
aspect of the proposal should be given the time
and consideration it deserves. The abstract
should be written early in the proposal
preparation process, and modified as needed as
the proposal develops. The abstract be
understandable to a scientifically or technically
literate lay reader, and it should be suitable for
publication. The abstract should be written in the
third person. It should include objectives,
methods to be employed, and the potential
impact of the project.
IV. Statement of Need
This is where you present the problem you
are trying to solve. Our advice is as follows:
 Stick to one problem.
Avoid circular logic in your thinking and in the
development of your statement of need. Circular
logic decrees that the lack of a solution is the
problem. Requesting scholarship funds as a
solution to the lack of scholarship funds is an
example of circular logic. A more convincing
argument is based on a problem with a much
larger scope. For example, women are greatly
underrepresented in engineering-related fields
and scholarship funds will enable more women
to pursue engineering as a career choice.
Use a logical progression in your statement of
need starting as globally as possible. You will
need to prove that you have an understanding of
the problem and the latest research on the
problem. For example, if you are proposing a
computer lab to serve a minority population your
statement of need should focus on the "digital
divide." Hence, your statement of need will start
with a discussion of the digital divide in the
United States, then it will focus on the digital
divide in Rochester (in this case), then it will
focus further on the digital divide in the specific
community you are proposing to work with.
Close with a discussion of what else is being
done, and lead into the project narrative with a
brief discussion of how your idea is better or
different. To do this, you will need to cite that
latest body of research and specific projects that
are currently happening and how yours is
different and better. Preparation is essential, and
you are encouraged to pick up the phone and call
people who are working on similar projects, call
program officers at agencies, and gather as much
information as possible. This is an area where
the Sponsored Research Services office can
offer guidance, advice, and assistance.
V. Project Rationale Incorporating Literature
Review
Any successful grant application must
incorporate a strong theoretical basis that is
grounded with an extensive discussion of the
literature. The rationale for the project comes
from what the literature says works, does not
work, is missing, needs to be looked at
differently, or however you choose to broach this
extensive discussion. This is how the proposal
demonstrates that the individual making
application is incorporating the latest research
into the project.
VI. Project Narrative
A project narrative has six main sections.
Check the funding agency announcement
for a specific outline; some agencies require
a different organization of the proposal
narrative.
1. Goals and Objectives. What are the major
goal(s) and objectives of the project? Describe
the expected outcomes of this project and how
success will be measured in the project (and
reference the evaluations section below).
2. Proposed Activities. What are the activities that
are going to happen during the period of this
grant? What are you are proposing to do? What
timeframe are you accomplishing this during the
project?
3. Facilities, Resources, and Project
Management. What facilities and resources are
available? How is the project going to be
managed? Who will provide leadership and
management for the project, and who are the
people involved in implementing the project?
What credentials make this project team
unbeatable?
4. Evaluation. To the potential funding source, the
deliverables of your project are the justification
for your funding, so it is imperative that you
have in place a comprehensive and accepted
method to evaluate your outcomes. Reviewers
will want to know what works and what doesn't
work. Be sure to give this section its due
priority, and pull in an evaluator very early in
the process of developing a proposal.
Oftentimes, external evaluators are included in
the budget for projects. SRS can refer you to
persons on campus who are schooled and well
respected in the field of evaluation; contact
us for more information.
Evaluation plans should include both formative
evaluation to inform development of the project
and summative evaluation to assess the impact
of the project on the target audience. Each
proposal should describe a performance
evaluation plan that includes goals, objectives,
indicators, and specific measurements for
assessing the progress toward the achievement
of the goals. Information on data collection and
analysis should be included.
 Examples of indicators that may be useful are:
shortening time-to-degree
broadening career opportunities
assessment of the graduate trainees' performance
impact of the research experience on the career
plans of undergraduates
placement of graduate students and postdoctoral
fellows upon completion of the program
the participation of women and members of
underrepresented groups
The absence of a good evaluation plan may
result in the rejection of a proposal with an
otherwise innovative idea and well-described
goals and objectives.
5. Outreach and Dissemination. An outreach or
dissemination plan is often required by program
guidelines and will enhance any proposal. A
proposal should include a detailed description of
activities that disseminate information on the
success and content of the project to other
scientists and educators. Dissemination efforts
should be tailored to specific customers and
target audiences.
Some suggested mechanisms for dissemination:
Websites
Serve as a content expert for science/education
web sites
Establish mutual links to suitable
science/education sites
Publications
Peer-reviewed journals
Newsletters
Fliers/Pamphlets
Interim Working Papers
Books or Manuals
Nontraditional journals, such as trade journals
Poster Displays
Audio-Visual Materials (CD ROM, Videotape,
etc.)
Press Releases
Presentations at conferences
Conferences with industry specifically for
dissemination
Teleconferences or videoconferences
Training & Education
Course Materials
Distance Learning Courses
Workshops that provide hands-on experience
Mentorships to undergraduate students, high
school students, teachers
Summer institutes for students and educators
Visit local classrooms as guest speaker
Assist teachers in developing curricula related to
your field
Provide professional development or research
orientation for staff
NETAC (Northeast Technical Assistance
Center, located at NTID)
PEPNet (Postsecondary Education Programs
Network) - see their website
at www.pepnet.org(link is external)
Public Outreach
Public lecture series
Public open-house of research facilities
Host a public science day
Museum/Library Outreach
Exhibits at the Student Alumni Union or
Wallace Memorial Library
Serve as a content expert for a museum exhibit
Contribute articles to museum publications
6. Sustainability. It is important for the potential
sponsor to know that the project will not simply
end once the grant funds are gone. The best way
to do this is it ensure that this is a project that the
institution is committed to as a part of the bigger
picture and that it will be supported beyond the
funding period. It is also important to build in
and discuss a plan for growth of the project.
Grant funding should be used as seed funding
for follow-on funding. The proposed
management plan can indicate to the sponsor
that not only sustainability, but growth of the
project is going to occur.
Multi-year grants are usually awarded
contingent upon the successful progress of the
project. Sponsors often require interim technical
reports upon which the decision to continue the
grant is based. Others, such as the National
Institutes of Health, require the submission of
non-competing continuation proposals. Specific
guidelines, similar to those of the initial proposal
submission, must be followed. Some agencies
require site visits in order to assess the progress
of the project. Principal investigators should
review the continuation criteria as soon as the
initial award is made, so as to properly prepare
for this important part of the grant cycle.
 VII. Attachments
1. Bibliography. As mentioned, this needs to be a
well-researched project, and a bibliography is an
essential component of good, scientific inquiry.
If the format is not dictated, any reasonable
format will suffice as long as it is consistent.
2. Resume. Credentials of the project management
will be taken into consideration in every
proposal. Check the guidelines to see if there are
limits as to pages for a resume or biographical
sketch.
3. Letters of Support/Endorsement. If the
proposed project is a partnership, letters of
support from the listed partners are required. In
any situation, letters of support from carefully
selected individuals and/or organizations may be
in order. For example, on a recent proposal to
host a conference targeting secondary school
teachers, we enclosed letters of support from
school districts and the teachers' unions.
4. Relevant Publications (if allowed). The
funding announcement or guidelines will explain
if you can attach relevant publications (such as a
paper you wrote last year that further provides
the rationale for your project). If you are
uncertain about attaching anything further to
your proposal, check with SRS.
Sample Concept Paper for Program
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Lyrics of Listen Beyonce
Listen,
To the song here in my heart
A melody Ive start
But cant complete
Listen, to the sound from deep within LISTEN!!!
Its only beginning To the song here in my heart
To find release A melody Ive start
But I will complete
Oh,
the time has come Oh,
for my dreams to be heard Now Im done believing you
They will not be pushed aside and turned You dont know what Im feeling
Into your own Im more than what, you made of me
all cause you wont I followed the voice, you think you gave to me
Listen. But now I gotta find, my own..
my ownn
[Chorus]
Listen, Concept Paper for (Name of Program) A
I am alone at a crossroads Program Proposal for
Im not at home, in my own home _________________________ Grant Page 2
And I tried and tried Name of Organization Proposed Project Name
To say whats on my mind of Program
You should have known
Oh, Community Need There are limited sports
Now Im done believing you activities designed to include people with
You dont know what Im feeling physical disabilities in ________ County. Some
Im more than what, you made of me of the more successful activities include:
I followed the voice wheelchair basketball clinics sponsored by
you gave to me BlazeSports - ____; the annual Easter Beach Run
But now I gotta find, my own.. with a disability category sponsored by the
________; 2005 Invacare Days Sports Clinic for
You should have listened people with disabilities sponsored by Invacare
There is someone here inside Corp.; and the 2003 Wheelchair Clay Court
Someone Id thought had died Tennis Tournament, sponsored by the United
So long ago States Tennis Association (USTA). Though these
events are primarily targeted to people of all
Ohh Im free now and my dreams to be heard ages, most of the participants are adults. The
They will not be pushed aside or worse community is poised to introduce more sporting
Into your own opportunities to children with the goal that they
All cause you wont will be able to enjoy the benefits for a lifetime.
Listen Our proposal for _________________ program
[Chorus] will expose young at-risk children and children
with physical challenges as well as able-bodied
I dont know where I belong children to tennis in a supportive and friendly
But Ill be moving on and environment. Noteworthy Facts It is well
If you dont. documented that compared to their non-
If you wont. disabled peers, children with disabilities
experience a higher incidence of non-disability
related health problems such as obesity, heart
disease, and depression (Healthy People, 2010),
more often report feelings of isolation and
social withdrawal, and participate in organized
sports to a much lesser degree (5% vs. 95%).
Community Partners
____________________________ is partnering
with some distinguished organizations
committed to supporting full participation in
recreation and sports, affording young children
with disabilities the same recreation choices
and opportunities as their community peers.
Partners include: USA Tennis Florida; Local
community tennis associations;
_________County Schools; BlazeSports, USA;
Invacare; City of __________________ Leisure
Services Department ______________ County
Leisure Services Department City of
________________ Leisure Services
Department The Boys and Girls Club Concept
Paper for (Name of Program) A Program
Proposal for _________________________
Grant Page 3 Targeted Population Children who
are mobility-impaired and able-bodied children,
ages 6-12 who want to experience and learn the
game of tennis. Vision The ____________
Program introduces the targeted children to the
game of tennis through the Ralleyball format of
USA Team Tennis. This beginner friendly format
is designed to engage grade school students in
tennis as a team sport while having fun with
their friends and learning basic skills, and serves
as an option to the more traditional
recreational activities of football, soccer,
basketball and baseball. The philosophy of USA
Team Tennis Ralleyball Format is the same for
those with and without disabilities: fun, fitness
and friends in an environment that stresses
sportsmanship and socialization in a team
tennis atmosphere. Program Model We
envision developing a program targeting up to
24 children with and without disabilities, ages 6-
12. The ______________ Program will have
four main components. 1) The development of
____________ as part of the USA Team Tennis
Program. During fall, 2005, organizers will
identify and recruit participants, form the
league teams, and recruit volunteer coaches.
_______________ will teach tennis using the
Ralleyball Format; players will participate in a
one-hour practice and a one-hour match each
week. The league will consist of two back to
back sixweek sessions, playing intramural-like
games in a round robin team against team
format, with the goal of integrating into the
existing USA Team Tennis Program in the fall of
2006. The Game-Based Approach as described
by the USTA allows children to learn tennis by
playing a modified game, discovering what they
need to do, teaching the skills and practicing
the skills in another game. 2) World-Class
Professional Resources A retired two-time
Paralympic wheelchair tennis player and
certificated teaching professional, __________,
who resides in _______County, will serve in an
advisory role, helping tennis professionals and
volunteer coaches adapt tennis drills for those
with disabilities. She will also serve individuals
as a resource for additional training. 3) USA
School Tennis Program ______________ and
the adult wheelchair tennis players under her
tutelage will be part of the USA School Tennis
Program which brings tennis to school students
through their physical education classes.
Initially, ______and other mentors will visit the
schools attended by those students enrolled in
the _________________ program, to
demonstrate wheelchair tennis, emphasizing
Concept Paper for (Name of Program) A
Program Proposal for
_________________________ Grant Page 4
tennis as a life-long sport and one that can be
enjoyed by physically challenged and able-
bodied together equally. 4) Sports Equipment
Loan Closet To ensure that the lack of
appropriate equipment is not a barrier for
prospective participants, ______ will expand its
current equipment loan closet to include sports
equipment. The first items sought will be new
and used child-size sports wheelchairs. If the
grant is awarded, USA Tennis Florida has
committed to a start-up grant to purchase
tennis racquets. Program Objectives 1) 80% of
participants will complete two six-week
sessions of the _________________ Program by
fall 2006. 2) All participants will demonstrate at
least a basic knowledge of the rules, court
etiquette and sportsmanship by the end of the
first session. 3) 90% of participants will be able
to rally the ball over the net at least three
consecutive times by the end of the second
session. 4) 25% of participants who complete
the _______________________ Program will
integrate into the existing USA Team Tennis
Program. 5) ________ will enhance its
Equipment Loan Program to include sports
wheelchairs by January, 2006. Budget The
budget of approximately $_______ includes an
initial purchase of ___ childrens sports
wheelchairs; equipment storage; scholarships
for families needing financial assistance;
stipends for teaching professionals;
maintenance of wheelchairs; and marketing for
the program. Volunteers Volunteers will serve
as team coaches, keep score at the Ralleyball
matches, help with the end-of-season
celebration party and serve as ambassadors to
promote the program. USA Tennis will provide
all volunteer training. Concept Paper for (Name
of Program) A Program Proposal for
_________________________ Grant Page 5
Summary With the resource of USA Tennis
Florida right here in our own backyard...with
local world-class wheelchair tennis athletes to
serve as coaches and role models...with
community recreation programs looking to
serve more at risk children and children with
physical disabilities...with Invacare and
BlazeSports, USA committed to meeting the
needs of physically-challenged athletes...it is
the right time for ______, as the recognized
leader in the field of disability- related issues
and with the mission of maximizing the
independence of people with disabilities, to
seek funding from a Full Participation in
Recreation and Sports grant funded by the
Mitsubishi Electric America Foundation (MEAF).
Together, ________ and our collaborating
partners will develop the
____________________ Program and inspire
youngsters of all abilities to play and enjoy the
lifelong game of tennis.
Writing a Concept Paper
Many private foundations have always required
a concept paper be submitted for review prior
to the submission of a full proposal. In recent
years federal and state agencies have begun to
encourage the use of concept papers as a way
for applicants to obtain informal feedback on
their ideas and projects prior to preparing a
proposal. Some of these agencies now require a
concept paper be submitted as part of the
formal submission process. The purpose of a
concept paper, from the funding agencys point
of view, is to help applicants develop more
competitive proposals and to save time by
eliminating proposals that are not likely to be
funded. The applicants purpose in developing a
concept paper is to capture the interest of the
funding agency and demonstrate that the idea
they are proposing is worthy of further
consideration. Therefore, the first sentences of
a concept paper are very important. You want
the funding agency representatives or board
members to continue reading! The first section
(Introduction) should include some information
about the funding agency. You need to
demonstrate that you have done your
homework and understand the mission of the
funding agency and the types of projects that
they support. Then you need to identify the
agency you represent and how the missions of
your agency and the funding agency mesh.
Describe any partner agencies that will be
involved and their interest in the project. Next
describe the question, problem or need that
needs to be addressed (Purpose). Briefly
provide supporting documentation for the
importance of addressing this question,
problem or need. If you have statistical data,
use it; numbers are always convincing. In short,
indicate why anyone should care! This may
sound harsh, but when you are close to a
particular issue, it is easy to forget that
everyone does not understand the situation as
well as you. Make sure that you cite or refer to
what others have accomplished relative to your
project or research so that you convince the
funding agency that you are an expert on this
particular issue and more needs to be done.
Beware of stating that you are the only person
who has ever proposed such a project. Even the
most brilliant and innovative concepts are
based on the work of others from related fields.
Next describe your project: what your agency
plans to do, why this is a unique approach, and
who will benefit (Project Description). Briefly
describe your basic goal/s and objectives or
state your research questions. (A goal is
statement describing a broad or abstract intent,
state or condition. An objective is a statement
of measurable outcomes that relate to the goal.
An objective includes who, what, and when
information. It is not a statement about how.)
Give an overview of your methodology--how
the project will be carried out--and any
innovative approaches, techniques, or
processes that will be used. Make sure that the
goals, objectives, and methods relate to each
other. Include general timelines for what you
hope to accomplish. Describe the anticipated
benefits and who will benefit. (If your project is
basic research, the impact of the research may
not be as easy to describe, however you should
be able to describe how your research will add
to the body of knowledge of a particular
scientific discipline and the numbers of students
who will gain scientific knowledge from working
on your project or in your lab.) Try to be brief,
concise, and clear. Concept papers should not
be longer than five pages. Dont overwhelm the
reader with detail, but avoid sounding vague or
unsure about what you want to accomplish. Be
positive and definite. Instead of saying an
objective may be accomplished, indicate that
the objective will be accomplished by a
certain time. Avoid requesting money for
planning unless that is the purpose of the
funding program. Most funding agencies want
to fund a project that is beyond the planning
stage. Consider your audience. If your concept
paper is going to be reviewed by scientists in
your field, scientific terms and technical jargon
may be acceptable. However, if your proposal is
being reviewed by generalists or lay persons,
this type of language will not communicate your
ideas effectively. Only include budgetary
information if it is specifically requested
(Support). If you are asked to provide specific
dollar amounts, make sure that you work with
the Office of Sponsored Projects in LM 132 x-
5203 to develop your budget. Otherwise,
generally describe the types of support you
need, e.g, personnel, travel, equipment, etc.
Finally, appearance is important. This concept
paper represents you! The type size should be
large enough to read easily, and margins should
be standard size. Check for spelling errors
before submission. Attention to detail is
important. Number all pages. Place your name
and date in the header. Include your contact
information with the concept paper (Contact).
The following is a suggested outline for your
concept paper. If the agency provides a
different formatuse it! He that has the gold
makes the rules! Suggested Format for a
Concept Paper (See discussion above.)
Introduction Purpose Project Description Goals
and Objectives/Research Questions
Methodology and Timelines
Benefits/Anticipated Outcomes Support
Needed & Costs (if requested) Contact
Information
Grant Project Concept Paper Submitted
by:
1. Needs/Problem Statement: Briefly
describe the need for this project and
provide data to document the need
(i.e., committee findings and reports,
literature trends, etc.)
2. General Purpose Statement:
Describe the overall goal or general
purpose of the project
3. Objectives and Evaluation: List the
objectives of the project and how you
will measure/evaluate them.
4. Methodology: List the activities that
will lead to the accomplishment of your
objectives. Include all resources that
will be utilized (i.e., people, materials,
dollars, facilities, equipment, etc.)
5. Target Population: List the
population(s) served by this project,
including other groups (internal and
external) that will be impacted by this
project.
6. Anticipated Benefits of the Project:
List anticipated benefits or outcomes of
the project and who will benefit (the
college, students, faculty) Sketch out
the project as you envision it. Provide a
summary of your ideas that can be used
in discussion meetings with your
dean/supervisor, grant writing staff,
and others. It can also be used to help
locate an appropriate funding source
for your proposal. 2
7. College Commitment: Indicate any
commitments required of the college
(cash match, in-kind contributions,
space, staff time, equipment,
technology, letters of commitment)
8. Budget Request: List the requested
amount (estimates) and provide as
much detail as you can. Budget
Category Amount Requested From
Grant Personnel Fringe Benefits
Contractual Services Audit Consultants
Support services to students (child care,
transportation, etc.) Materials and
Supplies Travel Equipment Indirect
Costs Total (Note: the Grants Office will
work closely with you in the
development of the final budget)
8. Approvals for Project Name of
Supervisor Signature Date For
Completion by Grants Office: Approval
of Division Vice President to Continue
Proposal Development Name: Date:
Grant Writer Assigned:
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Specifications of Asus Zenfone 2
Laser 5.5S ZE550KL 32GB (Gold)
1 Year Local Supplier Warranty
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5.5" HD ppi IPS
Android Lollipop 5.0
Qualcomm MSM8939 Quad-core 1.5 GHz
Cortex-A53 & quad-core 1.0 GHz Cortex-A53
3GB RAM, 32GB Internal Storage
13MP Main Camera, 5MP Front Camera
Corning Gorilla Glass 4
Dual SIM, MicroSIM
Supports MicroSD card up to 128GB
3000mAh removable battery