The general purpose of log measurements is to provide a continuous profile of :

Lithology with exact depth of formation/rock boundaries,

Rock properties and rock composition (mineralogy); of special interest are
reservoir properties (porosity,saturation,permeability),
Fracture and tectonic elements,
Mechanical rock properties for stability, sanding problem, frack operation, etc.,
Indication or content and properties of other substance than hydrocarbon
(water, thermal water, ores, coal, salt, constructions material),
Seismic relevant parameter for integrated interpretation of seismic and log
measurements,
Changes of properties; this is important particularly with respect to change of
fluid content/saturation during production ( monitoring, time lapse
measurement)